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CL Marie Curie HIST1310

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Introduction[edit]

Marie Curie was a female scientist during the late 1800's and early 1900's. She worked in Paris as a physicist and chemist. Curie worked with the idea Professor Henri Becquerel discovered, radioactivity. She found two new elements and furthered understanding in radioactive materials. Curie won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.[1]

Biography[edit]

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867. Her birth name was Maria Sklodowsha. Both of her parents were teachers, and she was interested in the sciences.[2] Curie had four siblings and their parents did not make much money as teachers. Their mother died and the father was then unable to provide for the children. Her older sister offered to share housing with Marie in Paris so that she could attend the Sorbonne University in 1891.[3] She received her "Licentiateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences" at the university. At the Sorbonne in 1894, she met Pierre Curie, the professor of general physics. They got married one year after that. Marie and Pierre Curie worked together in the universities' department of physics. Marie got promoted to Head of the Physics Laboratory. Her husband was the previous person to hold this position. After that, she was promoted to Professor of General Physics. Her husband also held this position directly before she got it; the vacancy was caused by his death in 1906. Her next promotion was to Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris in 1914.In 1903, she finished her Doctor of Science degree. In the same year, Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Then in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934 from an illness related to her research.[2]

Advancement In Science[edit]

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie worked together in researching Professor Henri Becquerel's finding in radioactivity. The basic radioactive material they worked with was uranium. The ore for uranium contained a substance more radioactive than pure uranium. That was called pitchblende. They discovered that pitchblende was composed of different substances that were more radioactive than uranium. It was made of two previously undiscovered elements. The first one they named polonium, as Poland was Marie's home country. The second one was named radium. Radium was more radioactive than polonium and uranium. These discoveries are what led to her winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. Radium was very scarce in pitchblende so it was very difficult to experiment with. It was difficult for them to get pitchblende because it was in the ore that uranium is in, and uranium was very expensive. Although, she was able to purchase waste material with pitchblende in it from an Austrian factory. She would take the small amount of radium from the waste and experiment on that. The waste was more radioactive than normal pitchblende, which is already very radioactive. Other scientists did not recognize that radium existed from Curie's findings. In 1910, she was able to produce radium as a pure metal, which provided proof to the other scientists that radium did exist with practical importance within pitchblende. Marie Curie then used her knowledge of radioactive material and put it towards medical research. She developed the x-ray machine. [3] This is what won her the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.[1]

Interesting Facts[edit]

Marie Curie was born with the name Maria Sklodowska. She changed her first name to Marie to fit in with the French spelling. Her last name changed to Curie when she married Pierre Curie. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was kill in 1906 by a horse and carriage running him over. In her research, Sorbonne University built the first radium institute to facilitate her studies. It contained one lab for her to do whatever research she wanted and had a second lab dedicated to cancer research.[3] Curie was given $50,000 from American scientists to help with her research of radium in 1929. The money was presented to her by President Hoover. Her research was featured in books such as "Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives" in 1904, "L'Isotopie et les Elements Isotopes" in 1910, and "Traite de Radioactivite" in 1910.[2] Curie was also given many awards, besides the Nobel Prizes, for her scientific research. She received the Ellan Richards Research Prize in 1921, the Grand Prix du Marquis d'Argenteuil in 1923, and the Cameron Prize from Edinburgh University in 1931. She worked with her daughter, Irere, during World War 1 using the x-ray machines she had developed. She made them portable so they could be transported near the battlefield and used to diagnose soldiers' injuries. She died by aplastic pernicious anaemia caused by radiation exposure. The blood condition led to her death in 1934.[3]


References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Marie Curie - Facts". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nobel Lectures. "Marie Curie Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903. Elsevier Publishing Company. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Marie Curie Charity. "Marie Curie the scientist". Marie Curie. Retrieved April 1, 2021.


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