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Cheating on charts

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Cheating on charts (simplified Chinese: 刷榜; traditional Chinese: 刷榜), as the name implies, is an action that abuse the ranking with abnormal traffic to occupy on a top position in chart. Normally, the occurrence of cheating happens in music chart (etc. Billboard, iTunes). The appearance of this kind of action can be traced back to the youth subculture of K-pop star..[1] Fans will make multiple purchase or download of artist's album/single. As a result, the album/single will rank higher. Later individual fan behaviors evolve into a company business, where born the social media marketing business model.

The purpose of cheating on charts, besides the gaining of popularity, is that the high exposure can bring additional economic revenue (the case of Top1 in Billboard). The cheat on charting misleads and covers up the authentic public opinion.[2]It disables the true purpose of the chart.

Behavior subject[edit]

Fan club[edit]

Fan club is a special organization voluntary established by several loyal fans and aim to support their artist. Nowadays, fan clubs usually have websites to support their efforts. Fansites regularly have photos and relative information on the object of their affection. Fans think they have the responsibility to corporate with the company to serve the artist or to collaborate the company's marketing strategy.  To support their favorite artist, fan clubs organized to fundraising in order to promote the album sales and achieve top position in album sales ranking.

Entertainment companies[edit]

Those companies are aim to develop and popularized pop stars and always operates its own business including artist development, record label services, talent agency services, music developing and marketing. Due to the specificity of the entertainment industry, in order to stand out in the business competition, entertainment company sometimes uses this unethical measure (cheating on charts) to boost artist public attention and attract more business cooperation.

Related case   [edit]

“US pop star Kris Wu[edit]

Kris Wu, a former member of the popular South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo, released his new album “Antares” on 2th November[4]. Just five hours after this new album published, Wu's album soon occupying the top ranking on the US iTunes sales chart. Even the next day Ariana Grande’s new single “thank u, next” cannot shake the position of Wu’s album[5], he defeated Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Queens, still stand on the top of the US iTunes sales ranking chart.

The reason of this situation is that he cheated, under the contribution of enthusiastic fan and organized by fan club. Wu’s several big Fan club rallying fan members to purchase Wu’s songs multiple times to help boost the album’s rank on iTunes. Also, to occupy another ranking- Billboard Hot 100, Wu’s fan club use strategies like establish song list and loop, copy comments to social media and write tweets and blog posts to promote the new album of Kris Wu[6]

The result is that after Wu’s album was released in China on Tuesday, all of his songs slipped out of the top 100 list while Grande's ‘Thank U, Next’ claimed the top spot.[7]

Detection:[edit]

Advertisement providers like Google Adwords has a mechanism that filters or bans IP address and IP address range by clickers to prevent fraudulent click farm. The situation is quite alike for chart providers. By detecting user IP address, action timestamp and User Agents, Admins can easily detect the multiple purchase behavior with such defense mechanism.[8]

However, social media companies use different http proxies and VPNs to get over the ip filter mechanism. This is why the dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM) based GSP algorithm are used by scholars to detect abnormal traffic. DPMM can effectively analyze abuse behavior and detect zombie accounts by using the sequential pattern mining algorithms.[9]

Appstore adds up the weight of app usage activity as another ranking factors to prevent simple download cheating after the update of iOS 11. It evaluates the active users of the app per daily basis besides the download/install traffic.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Petridis, Alexis (2014-03-20). "Youth subcultures: what are they now?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  2. Zheng, Lei (2013-10-01). "Social media in Chinese government: Drivers, challenges and capabilities". Government Information Quarterly. 30 (4): 369–376. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.017. ISSN 0740-624X.
  3. upload.wikimedia.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Kris_Wu_at_the_Hallyu_Star_Street_on_March_2014_01.jpg. Retrieved 2019-01-05. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. General·November 7, Ryan; Read, 2018·6 Min (2018-11-07). "Kris Wu Removed from iTunes Top Rankings After Being Accused of Using Bots". NextShark. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  5. "Kris Wu Falsely Accused of Cheating US iTunes Charts After Securing #1 Spot". That's Online. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  6. "吴亦凡粉丝iTunes屠榜震惊美国人,上了推特热搜_今日中国". www.chinatodayclub.com. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  7. "Kris Wu Falsely Accused of Cheating US iTunes Charts After Securing #1 Spot". That's Online. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  8. Stavrou, Angelos; Wang, Haining; Koehl, Aaron; Liu, Daiping; Xu, Haitao (2014-09-06). "Click Fraud Detection on the Advertiser Side". Computer Security - ESORICS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Cham. 8713: 419–438. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11212-1_24. ISBN 9783319112114.
  9. Guo, Li; Tan, Jianlong; Niu, Wenjia; Hu, Yue; Li, Qian; Li, Dan (2014-11-26). "An Approach to Detect the Internet Water Army via Dirichlet Process Mixture Model Based GSP Algorithm". Applications and Techniques in Information Security. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 490: 82–95. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45670-5_9. ISBN 9783662456699.


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