Entropy Changes Are Quintessential Feature of the Nature
Entropic Interaction
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Entropic Interaction
Definition: Entropic interaction is a mutual influence of open thermodynamic systems on a condition of each other by means of transferring information about states of the systems, changing of their entropies and translation of these systems into more probable states.
Description: The concept of entropic interaction was usually used in a subjunctive mood. For example: "macromolecule links, as if, entropically repulse from each other at a short distance and entropically are attracted to each other at a long distance"[1,2]. In a modern view[3-5], the entropic interaction is considered to be a real-life interaction. It is viewed as a mutual influence of open thermodynamic systems on each other by means of transferring information about their states, changing their entropies and translation of these systems into more probable conditions. It is considered as a quintessential physical interaction that is realized by well-known basic interactions[6](gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear strong and weak) through the processes that occur elsewhere in the universe including the solar system, our planet Earth, and living organisms.The basic interactions are considered in works /4, 5/ as descendants of the entropic interaction. The entropic interaction is not a consequence of existence of some entropy charge and a field accompanying it. It should not be referred to as a distribution of the entropy in the space. Entropy interaction reflects only an “order” and “structure” of the space, the state of the space and physical systems in it and, ultimately, affects the energy, behavior and evolution of such systems as well as the space as a whole. The entropic interaction results in the alteration of symmetry, free energy, and other characteristics of the physical system. Using this interaction, all material objects in Nature exert a certain influence on each other, regardless of the distance between them. There is introduced an entropic force /3/ as an effective macroscopic force that is originated in a thermodynamic system by statistical tendency to increase its entropy.
According to Mach’s Principle /7-9/, local physics laws are determined by a large-scale structure of the universe and changes in any part of the universe affect a corresponding impact on all of its parts. First of all, such changes are due by the entropic interaction. Once they have a place in one part of the universe, the entropy of the universe as a whole changes as well. That is, the entire universe “feels” such changes at the same time. In other words, the entropic interaction between different parts of any thermodynamic system happens instantly without the transfer of any material substance, meaning it is always a long-range action. After that, some processes emerge inside the system to transfer some substances or portions of energy in the appropriate direction. These actions are produced by one (or few) of basic interactions according to the mode of short-range action /10/.
Heat dispersion is one of the examples of the entropic interaction. When one side of a metal pole is heated, a non-homogeneous temperature distribution is created along the pole. Because of entropic interaction between different parts of the pole, the entropy of the entire pole will decrease instantly. At the same time, the tendency appears to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the temperature (and by that to increase the entropy of the pole). This would be a long-range action. The process of heat conductivity will emerge to realize this tendency by a short-range action. Overall, this is an example of co-existence of the long and short-range actions in one process.
The entropic interaction can happen with different intensity and result in a different rate of the entropy change. This affect rates of all processes happening in the system. Erwin Schrodinger, the author of the basic equation of quantum mechanics said the following on the correlation of vital processes to the change of entropy /11/: “The acceleration of the rate of increase in entropy leads to a more intense life processes”. This statement is applicable to any processes in inanimate and living nature. Jeremi England and his colleagues /12/ showed that the highest rate of entropy growth of living organisms could be a determining factor for their survival in the tough competitive struggle for existence. In addition, that might be an alternative interpretation of evolution opposing Darwin's theory/13/.
Because of the increase of entropy and one-pointedness of its change in the universe, the rate of entropy change in the universe determines the rhythm of all processes that are common for the entire universe and thus sets its rhythm of time /4, 5/. These rates are designated as standard (astronomical) or external. On the other hand, there are some processes that inherent to entropic interaction in certain local areas. They can lead to certain changes of the internal energy, ordering and structuring within these local regions. These additional ordering and structuring results in a decrease of entropy there. Since such processes overlap with the background that is common to the entire universe, the corresponding decrease in entropy value in the local arias is added to the total value growth inherent to the universe as a whole. As a result of the entropic interaction, the total entropy of the local areas continues to grow, but such change is slower than in the absence of the processes leading to the local restructuring. Accordingly, the rhythm of the local time slows down. Such changes of entropy and time are defined as local or internal.
The existence of two categories of time was first noted by Newton in his fundamental work "Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica" /14/.
In the Einstein’s Theory of Relativity local time was set to depend on the speed of the system /15/ and the value of the gravitational field around it /16/.
From our everyday experiences we know that all processes are slowed down with the decrease of temperature and are accelerated when temperature is raised.
That means that temperature, movement, gravitational field or any other force impact affects the entropy rate change and the rhythm of time. This statement is proved by the Principle of Least Action in works /4,5/. Moreover, it was shown for every thermodynamic system that the interval of its’ local time is proportional to the change of entropy of the system within this time interval. The growth of the entropy of the local system accelerates the rhythm of the system’s local time. Conversely, the decrease of entropy leads to a slowdown in the rhythm of time. Thus, the speed of all processes in a given system are determined by the rate of entropy change. This immediately implies that one is able to control the rhythm of time in the system by controlling its entropy, i.e. by changing the heat in the system, its movement, gravity, degree of order, its structure, or any kind of uniformity.
The human body may be assumed to be a thermodynamic system /12, 17/ which is actively utilizes entropic interaction between different objects of the inanimate and living nature /4/. Understanding the correlation between the change of entropy of a thermodynamic system and the rhythm of time allows one to accept the biological (local) time as a reality /4/ and positively intervene at the aging process. It's sufficient to find appropriate mechanisms to influence the state of the system via changes of its entropy to observe this intervention and control one’s own aging.
References. 1. Wolkenstein M. W., 1959, Configuration statistics of polymeric chains, Prod. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 2. Bresler S. E. and Erusalimsky B. L., 1965, Physics and chemistry of macromolecules, Nauka, M.-L. 3. Vilenchik Lev Z., “Quintessence: A Thermodynamic Approach to the Phenomena of Nature”, Nova Science Publishers, NY, (2016). 4. Vilenchik Lev Z., “Entropic Essence of Nature”, International Journal of Theoretical Physics Nonlinear optics and Group Theory, Volume 17, Number 4, pp. 295-307, (2017). 5. Einstein Albert and Infeld Leopold, 1938, Evolution of Physics. Cambridge University Press. 6. Eric Verlinde, "On the Origin of Gravity and Laws of Newton", JHEP 04 (2011) 029. 7. Ernst Mach, Mechanics, 1909. 8. A. Einstein, letter to Ernst Mach, Zurich, 25 June 1923, in Misner, Charles; Thorne, Kip S.; and Wheeler, John Archibald (1973). Gravitation. 9. Hawking S.W. & George Francis Rayner G.F. The Large-Scale Structure of Space-Time. Cambridge University Press. (1973). 10. Vilenchik Lev Z., “Coexistence of Short-Range and Long-Range Actions at Interactions of Material Objects and Phase Transitions”, Journal of Nature Science and Sustainable Technology (JNSST), Volume 12, Issue 2, (2018). 11. Schrödinger Ervin, 1992, "What is Life", Cambridge University Press. 12. Jeremi England, "Statistical Physics of self-replication." J. Chem. Phys., 139, 121923 (2013). 13. Charles Darwin, "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life," 1859. 14. Newton Isaac, Mathematical principles of the natural philosophy, Ps., 1915, p. 30 15. Einstein Albert, “To the electrodynamics of moved bodies”, Annalen der Physik 17(10), 891-921, 1905. 16. Einstein Albert, “The basis of the general theory of relativity”, Annalen der Physik 49 (4), 769-822, 1916. 17. A. Sommerfeld, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanic, Lectures on Theoretical Physics, v. 5, Academic Press, New York, NY.
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