First woman on the Moon
Program
Bettina Inclán, Nasa's Communication Director, reported that NASA is planning on sending the first woman ever to the Moon five decades after the last human mission, by 2024. This would be the first woman on the Moon. “The last person walked on the Moon in 1972,” Inclán told CNN in a statement.[1] “No woman has ever walked on the lunar surface.”
History[edit]
On June 16, 1963 The former Soviet Union was successful in being the first nation to send a woman to space, transporting 26-year-old cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. Women were first considered for the Apollo mission space flights in the 1950s by Dr. Randolph Lovelace who argued their lighter frame and lower oxygen consumption would present a valuable savings in logistics. After testing female pilots at his clinic in New Mexico in 1960, subjecting them to the same tests the male candidates faced, thirteen of 19 women passed the tests, compared to eighteen of 32 men. The women did particularly better than the men in isolation tests.[2] Setbacks with the Space Launch System contracted in 2012 had been plaguing NASA for years resulting in their next projected lunar mission set for 2028 at the earliest.[3] Under bold new direction from the Trump administration, NASA was released from their exclusive contract with Boeing and commercial options such as Elon Musk's Space-X were invited to compete in the program, reducing costs and clearing a path hor NASA[3] to be the fe first agency attemptino extend this feat to the Moon.
Directive 1[edit]
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The National Space Policy enacted by President Barack Obama on June 28, 2010 declared a broad and simple directive in the civil space guidelines, pledging to "Set far-reaching exploration milestones. By 2025, begin crewed missions beyond the moon, including sending humans to an asteroid. By the mid-2030s, send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth." The Trump Administration had been talking to NASA in broad terms as well for nearly a year up until[4] President Donald Trump amended President Obama's Presidential Policy Directive-4, ordering a direct call for space missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO), specifically to the Moon and eventually to Mars and other celestial bodies.[5] On December 11, 2017, exactly 45 years after the last time American astronauts landed on the Moon, the President signed Space Policy Directive 1, which directed NASA to return to the Moon for the first time since 1972 with a manned mission, for "long-term exploration and use" and missions to other planets.
We'll learn. The directive I'm signing today will refocus America's space program on human exploration and discovery. It marks an important step in returning American astronauts to the Moon for the first time since 1972 for long-term exploration and use. This time, we will not only plant our flag and leave our footprint, we will establish a foundation for an eventual mission to Mars. And perhaps, someday, to many worlds beyond.
— President Donald Trump, 2017[6]
NASA said it hopes that more exploration of the moon will help the US establish a strategic presence in space and grow their international partnerships. To date, no other nation has announced an attempt to send a woman to the Moon, although manned missions are planned in several countries.[4] John Logson, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs for the Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University considered it significant that the President incorporated this directive into the National Space Policy, but remained cautious that the White House would follow through with the funds and political will to make it happen, and that the Congress would agree not to make the return to space exploration a partisan issue.[4]
Announcement of the first woman astronaut[edit]
On March 26, 2019 Vice President Mike Pence formally announced that the mission will include the first female lunar astronaut.[3] There had been many unanswered questions and insufficient data on the effects of extended space flight on women astronauts.[7]
Funding[edit]
On June 17, 2019 President Trump announced he was adding $1.6 billion on top of the initial $21 billion budget request from NASA to accelerate the return to the lunar surface “so that we can return to Space in a BIG WAY!” The 116th United States Congress introduced H.R. 133, which has been enacted into law Pub.L. 116–260. President Biden has said that he will not dismantle the program, but feels unable to fund the program to make its 2024 deadline.
Candidates[8][edit]
| Atronauts | Training | Experience |
|---|---|---|
| Nicole Mann | 2013 Astronaut Class | |
| Kayla Barron | 2017 Astronaut Class | |
| Christina Koch | 2013 Astronaut Class | 328 days in space |
| Kate Rubins | 2009 Astronaut Class | 115 days in space |
| Stephanie Wilson | 1996 Astronaut Class | 43 days in space |
| Jessica Meir | 2013 Astronaut Class | 205 days in space |
| Jasmin Moghbeli | 2017 Astronaut Class | |
| Jessica Watkins | 2017 Astronaut Class |
See also[edit]
Space Policy Directive-1 of December 11, 2017
References[edit]
- ↑ Jackson, Amanda; Boyette, Chris (June 17, 2019). "NASA plans to land the first woman on the moon by 2024". CNN. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ↑ Koren, Marina (2017-03-10). "Why Women Weren't Allowed to Be Astronauts". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Smith-Schoenwalder, Cecelia (March 26, 2019). "Pence Tells NASA to Put Americans on the Moon in 5 Years". US News and World Report. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Vedda, Dr. James (December 13, 2017). "President Trump's Space Policy Directive 1". Aerospace. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ↑ Space Foundation editorial team. "Space Briefing Book: U.S. Space Laws, Policies and Regulations, US Government". Space Foundation. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ↑ "Text of Remarks at Signing of Trump Space Policy Directive 1 and List of Attendees" Archived May 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Marcia Smith, Space Policy Online, December 11, 2017, accessed August 21, 2018.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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