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Underage smoking in Australia

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Underage Smoking in Australia

Underage Smoking in Australia[edit]

In Australia, smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease, as well as a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular disease....[1].

People who begin smoking as adolescents are more likely to smoke regularly later in life[2].

Second-hand smoke can raise the risk of negative child health outcomes such as asthma, acute chest infections, and middle ear problems. Secondhand smoking can impair a child's lung function, making them more vulnerable to other types of lung injury[3].

According to current Australian alcohol recommendations, children under the age of 15 are at the greatest risk of damage from alcohol consumption, making refraining from alcohol the safest option for this age range. Drinkers under the age of 15 are far more likely than older drinkers to engage in risky or delinquent behaviour due to their drinking, putting them in danger of damage[4].

If their parents, siblings, or friends smoke, young people are more prone to do so as well. Students who smoke are more prone than non-smokers to have a bad attitude about school, to miss school more frequently, to perform less well academically, to participate in early school misbehavior, and to drop out at a younger age.

Australian study has repeatedly demonstrated that young individuals living in English-speaking homes are more likely to smoke than those living in non-English-speaking households. Smoking rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth are also higher [5].

How many Australian secondary school students smoked in 2017[edit]

In 2017, 82% [6] of all Australian secondary students had never smoked. Although levels of experimental and regular smoking grew with age, most students (65%) had never smoked by the age of 17. Overall, around 2% of all pupils (6% of 17-year-olds) have smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lives. The number of pupils who had smoked in the previous month was lowest among 12 and 13 year olds (2%), and grew to 16% among 17 year olds.[7].

How quickly can nicotine addiction develop[edit]

Nicotine is the addictive substance found in cigarette smoke. Adolescent smokers report certain signs of dependency even before they begin smoking on a daily basis, indicating that nicotine addiction may develop quickly in young individuals. These symptoms typically develop within two months after beginning to smoke and signal the beginning of loss of control over their smoking.[8]. According to research, even before they start smoking regularly, young individuals may make several unsuccessful attempts to quit[9]

E-cigarettes: a novel way towards becoming addicted to tobacco[edit]

E-cigarettes are not risk-free. Using nicotine-containing e-cigarettes can lead to nicotine addiction and raises the probability of nonsmokers smoking cigarettes [10]. There is mounting evidence that e-cigarette use is hazardous to one's health. They may worsen coughing and wheezing in children and provoke asthma episodes.

An e-cigarette is a battery-powered device that heats a liquid to create a chemical vapour that the user inhales into their lungs. The components of e-liquids vary, but they generally comprise a variety of compounds such as solvents and flavouring additives, as well as nicotine, which may or may not be present. E-cigarettes come in a variety of forms and colors and can resemble cigarettes or ordinary goods like pens or USB devices[11]

It is prohibited in Australia under poison laws to sell, possess, or use nicotine-containing e-liquid. E-cigarettes and e-liquids that do not contain nicotine can be purchased in stores, while state regulations prohibit the sale of e-cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18.[12] Various authorities' testing of e-liquid samples revealed that they are frequently mislabeled: more than half of e-liquid samples labeled as non-nicotine actually contained nicotine [13] [14]

In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)[15] regulates nicotine-containing products that manufacturers say assist people quit smoking. Companies must provide proof on what's in it, how effectively it works, and how safe it is as part of the TGA's regulation procedure. Furthermore, e-cigarette manufacturers have not met these standards, and the TGA has not authorized any nicotine e-cigarette for sale in Australia[16]

References[edit]

  1. "Australia's health 2018". Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  2. "Australia's welfare 2017". Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  3. "Office on Smoking and Health (OSH)". Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  4. "National Health and Medical Research Counci" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  5. : Winstanley M, Wood L, Letcher T, Purcell K, Scollo M, Greenhalgh EM. (2022). "Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues". Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. "Australian Bureau of Statistics". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  7. : Nicola Guerin and Victoria White (2020). "National Health and Medical Research Counci" (PDF). Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  8. : Greenhalgh, EM, Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH (2022). "Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues". Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. Wellman RJ, DiFranza JR, Savageau JA, Dussault GF (2022). "Short term patterns of early smoking acquisition". University of Massachusetts Medical School. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018). "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes (2018)". The National Academies Press. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. : Greenhalgh, EM, & Scollo, MM (2021). "InDepth 18B: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)". Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. "E-cigarettes and teens: what you need to know". 2018. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  13. : Chivers, E., Janka, M., Franklin, P., Mullins, B. and Larcombe (2019). "Nicotine and other potentially harmful compounds in "nicotine-free" e-cigarette liquids in Australia". Med. J. Aust., 210: 127-128. Retrieved 2022-11-11.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. : Flint Duxfield (2018-07-11). "NSW Health Department finds not all e-juices are as nicotine free as they claim". Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  15. : Therapeutic Goods Administration (2021). "Nicotine vaping products and vaping devices: Guidance for the Therapeutic Goods (Standard for Nicotine Vaping Products) (TGO 110) Order 2021 and related matters; Version 1.2," (PDF). Therapeutic Goods Administration. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  16. "E-cigarettes and teens: what you need to know". 2018. Retrieved 2022-11-11.



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