EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki - User contributions [en]

Bradeazy

2026-08-29T10:30:31Z

WikiMaster:

'''Bradley Forir''', known by the stage name '''bradeazy'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/1dESZUZevzhd5dzq9ZsMLI?si=Qif1-1UNTXaZG2qbOUzUrw |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=open.spotify.com}}</ref> is an American music producer.

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = bradeazy
| birth_name = Bradley Forir
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993}}
| birth_place = US
| genre = [[House music|House]], [[Tech house]], [[big room house]]
| occupation = Music producer, DJ
| label = Thrive Music
| past_member_of = PiCKUPLiNES<ref name="insomniac.com">[https://www.insomniac.com/music/artists/pickuplines/]</ref>
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Audrey Virginia Proulx

2026-08-28T13:29:34Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edits by WikiMasterAI (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

Seth Davis (musician)

2026-08-24T11:26:04Z

WikiMaster: idem

{{Short description|American drummer (born 1979)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Tone|date=May 2025}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Seth Davis
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979}}
| birth_place = [[Louisiana]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| origin =
| genre = [[Avant-garde music]], [[Djent]], [[Experimental Music]], [[industrial music|Industrial]], [[Jazz Fusion]], [[Progressive Rock]], [[Progressive Metal]], [[Thrash Metal]]
| occupation = Drummer
| years_active = 1985–present
| associated_acts = Abigail's Ghost, [[Exhorder]],<br />Seth Davis Drumming
| website = {{URL|sethdavisdrumming.com}}
}}

'''Seth Davis''' (born 1979) is an American author, composer, and educator.

==Drumming technique==

Seth is a lifelong student of advanced drumming.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=BON AMIS: 'Beat'ing the competition |url=https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2002/07/17/bon-amis-beating-the-competition/26801521007/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=The Courier |language=en-US}}</ref>

Davis has shared artist rosters with [[Chad Wackerman]], [[Chip Ritter]], Chris Coleman, [[Danny Seraphine]], [[Derek Roddy]], [[Dom Famularo]], Joey Oscar, [[Johnny Rabb]], Jotan Afanador, [[Mike Mangini]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-04 |title=Top drummers to help set world records during Woodstick event in Kirkland |url=https://www.kirklandreporter.com/news/top-drummers-to-help-set-world-records-during-woodstick-event-in-kirkland/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Kirkland Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

Highlighted skill sets include equal ability with both hands using [[matched grip]] and [[traditional grip]], pitch and [[melody]]-based [[polyrhythms]] and polymeters, and hybrid [[drum set]] compositions spanning [[time signatures]] 2/4 to 25/16 based on what he refers to as the vertical and horizontal pulse.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-12-08 |title=Prologix Welcomes Seth Davis |url=https://www.drummingnewsnetwork.com/?p=11671 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Drumming News Network |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-01-30 |title=Paiste Welcome Seth Davis To Their Artist Roster |url=https://www.drummingnewsnetwork.com/?p=11578 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Drumming News Network |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Davis Method is his personalized approach and method to [[drum]] and [[percussion]] education and performance. His drum set technique SD ≈ 2™ is derived from [[infinite divisibility]], [[order theory]], and [[time dilation]]. <ref>https://sethdavisdrumming.com/</ref> His hand technique is explained as a five-part, [[pronation]] and [[supination]]-based technique with a French timpani grip.

While Davis teaches rhythmic proficiency through physical training and practice on and off the instrument, he accredits mental training for achieving drumming goals through the utilization of specific brain wave cycles, [[self-hypnosis]], selective [[meditation]], and [[creative visualization]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolutionizing Rhythm – Hudson Music |url=https://hudsonmusic.com/product/revolutionizing-rhythm/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==

Davis was the drummer for [[Berklee College of Music]]-based progressive rock band Abigail's Ghost<ref>Abigail's Ghost - https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/abigails_ghost/</ref> from 2004 to 2006, writing and recording the drumming for the progressive rock studio album ''Selling Insincerity''.

From 2007 to 2011, Davis performed as a [[session musician]] in the downtown area of [[New Orleans]] known as the [[French Quarter]], performing shows with local artists on the [[Bourbon Street]] club circuit. While working in New Orleans, he met Kyle Thomas of the metal band [[Exhorder]]. He joined the New Orleans–based [[groove metal]] band in the spring of 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2010-11-11 |title=EXHORDER To Introduce New Drummer At Hometown Concert |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/exhorder-to-introduce-new-drummer-at-hometown-concert/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET |language=en}}</ref> touring the U.S. and headlining metal festivals<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2011-05-30 |title=EXHORDER: Footage From MARYLAND DEATHFEST Available |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/exhorder-footage-from-maryland-deathfest-available/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhorder Drum Cam Footage Available |url=https://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=67970 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=MetalUnderground.com |language=en}}</ref> through the winter of 2011, performing hits from the band's albums ''Slaughter in the Vatican'' and ''The Law''. Chris Nail, the original drummer, tutored Davis in the [[Thrash metal]] genre.

Amidst New Orleans session work and the Exhorder tour, Davis made clinic appearances in [[Arizona]], [[Washington (state)]], and [[California]]. His last public performance was in clinic in front of a hometown audience in [[Houma, Louisiana]] with [[Derek Roddy]] in 2015. Following an extended hiatus, in 2022 [[Hudson Music]] announced Davis as one of their authors with the release of his book Revolutionizing Rhythm. Following a brief online reemergence in 2023, Davis removed all social media profiles for a rebrand of the Seth Davis Drumming name.

==Speed drumming==
===Rankings and records===
Davis was ranked as one of the top 10 fastest drummers in the world <ref>Extreme Sport Drumming - http://www.extremesportdrumming.com/sethdavis.htm - 2002</ref> during the 2002 [[Vans Warped Tour]] by the World's Fastest Drummers Org.<ref>World's Fastest Drummers Org. - [[World's Fastest Drummer|World's Fastest Drummer - ''Wikipedia'']] - 5/30/2014</ref> He was accepted into "The Thousand Club", said to be an elite group of drummers who can play 1,000 single strokes in 60 seconds. <ref>"The Thousand Club" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nO1H1t2_HI - 9/6/18</ref>

By permission of the WFD, Davis was allowed to create the double stroke category to teach how to play a clean open [[drumroll]], as well as perform various accuracy demonstrations with [[drum rudiments]] from multiple sticking families. During these exhibitions, he set 3 world speed records for the double stroke roll.<ref>The Rise of Speed Drumming - http://www.drumbum.com/drums/speed-drumming.htm</ref><ref>International World's Fastest Drummer Competition - http://tigerbill.com/drumclinicsfesteventsreviews/wfdnamm2003.htm</ref><ref>Seth Davis Student In Newspaper - https://www.njherald.com/story/news/2012/07/23/the-fastest-hands-in-town/3986478007/</ref>

Seth's official hand speed rankings and records:

Single Strokes: 1,005, 1,024, 1,044 strokes in 60 seconds. (2002)

Double Strokes: 1,021, 1,084, 1,200 strokes in 60 seconds. (2003–2004)

''(Rankings and records were executed live at WFD competitions at a stick height of 10-12" with marching sticks.)''

Davis was the first person in history to officially play a double stroke roll over the 1,000, 1,100, and 1,200 strokes per minute mark.

Ineligible to compete in NAMM WFD finals for single strokes after securing his first double stroke title, from 2005 to 2006, he co-hosted the WFD competitions alongside ''multi-speed'' world champion [[Mike Mangini]] at the [[Nashville]], [[Los Angeles]], and [[Indianapolis]] [[NAMM Show]]. <ref>NAMM announces fourth annual World's Fastest Drummer Competition - http://bravewords.com/news/namm-international-announces-fourth-annual-worlds-fastest-drummer-competition - 1/8/2006</ref><ref>International 'Fastest Drummer Contest' To Be Held At NAMM
- http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/international-fastest-drummer-contest-to-be-held-at-namm/ - 1/8/2006</ref> Davis retired from the World’s Fastest Drummers Organization in 2006. <ref>World's Fastest Drummer/World Finals Championship - http://www.worldsfastestdrummer.com/events/WFDWorldFinals2016.html - 2016</ref> However, from 1999 to 2019, he continued to perform 1,000 stroke-per-minute demonstrations, culminating in a final single stroke roll demonstration in 2019.

While Davis's focus is composition, he is acknowledged as one of the pioneers of the elite speed drumming movement.

==Current==
Davis is recording videos based on ''Revolutionizing Rhythm''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hudsonmusic.com/product/revolutionizing-rhythm/|title = Revolutionizing Rhythm|date = September 28, 2021}}</ref> to be released under a new [[YouTube]] channel Seth Davis Drumming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/@sethdavisdrumming|title = Seth Davis Drumming| website=[[YouTube]] |date = September 28, 2021}}</ref>

==Endorsements==
* Drumsticks: London Drumstick Company<ref>The Seth Davis Drumstick https://londondrumsticks.co.uk/artists/seth-davis-3/
</ref> – (2019)
* Drumheads: Attack Drumheads<ref>Attack Drumheads - https://www.attackdrumheads.com/</ref> – (2020)<ref>Seth Davis’ Chops and Style - https://www.facebook.com/2012383465519041/posts/2935653459858699/?d=n</ref><ref>Seth Davis + Attack = Fire (FB)https://www.facebook.com/2012383465519041/posts/2929578430466202/?d=n</ref>
* Cymbals: [[Paiste]]<ref>Paiste Cymbals - https://www.paiste.com/en/musicians/seth-davis-drumming
</ref> – Paiste Artist since January 2022
* Practice Pads: Prologix<ref>Prologix Pads - https://prologixpercussion.com/pages/artists</ref> – (May 2022)

==Books and videos==
* ''Revolutionizing Rhythm'' (2021)
* ''VDTs - Video Drum Transcriptions'' (2021)

==Discography==
* Abigail's Ghost: ''Selling Insincerity'' (2007)

==See also==
*[[List of drummers|List of notable drummers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://sethdavisdrumming.com/ Official website]
* [https://www.youtube.com/@sethdavisdrumming Official YouTube]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Seth}}
[[Category:American writers]]
[[Category:Progressive rock musicians]]
[[Category:American heavy metal drummers]]
[[Category:American heavy metal musicians]]
[[Category:Progressive metal musicians]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American drummers]]
[[Category:American male drummers]]
[[Category:21st-century American drummers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:Drummers from Louisiana]]
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Seth Davis (musician)

2026-08-24T11:25:24Z

WikiMaster: rmv birt date and place

Template:Hreflang

2026-08-17T20:22:28Z

WikiMaster:

{{#seo:hreflang_{{{locale|{{{lang|}}}}}}={{{pagefull_url|}}} }}Read this page in another language on {{{pagefull_url|}}}

Pennsylvania

2026-08-12T10:37:26Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by Hayden64

'''Pennsylvania''' (/ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ (listen) ''PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə'') (Pennsylvania German: ''Pennsilfaani''), officially the '''Commonwealth of Pennsylvania''', is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east, while the Appalachian Mountains run through its middle.

Pornstar

2026-08-12T10:30:31Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by Jpegmonstarjp

[[File:Waveya-ari-and-miu-showing-their-tits-in-public-cafe-1024x768-2.webp|left|thumb|MiU (left) and Ari (right) from the [[Pornography|softcore porn]] [[South Korean Dance Groups|dance group]] [[Waveya|WAVEYA]]]]
'''Pornstar''' (or '''porn star''') refers to an individual who performs in pornographic films, videos, or other media, engaging in explicit sexual acts or erotic displays for commercial entertainment. Emerging alongside the pornography industry in the 20th century, pornstars range from mainstream hardcore performers to niche or softcore artists, often gaining fame through distinctive styles, personas, or media presence. Pornography itself—visual or written material intended to arouse—spans amateur, professional, and softcore forms, with roots tracing back to ancient art and literature. Pornstars navigate a landscape of fame, stigma, and evolving technology, from VHS to streaming platforms, shaping and reflecting sexual culture globally.

== Definition ==
A pornstar is a professional or semi-professional actor in adult entertainment<ref>https://www.definitions.net/definition/PORN+STAR</ref>, typically performing explicit sexual acts—intercourse, oral sex, masturbation—on camera. The term distinguishes them from amateurs, emphasizing a career in commercial porn, though boundaries blur with the rise of platforms like OnlyFans. Softcore pornstars, by contrast, focus on nudity or suggestive acts without explicit sex, often in erotic photography or films. Performers may specialize in genres (e.g., fetish, gay, lesbian) and build brands via social media, conventions, or merchandise.

== History ==
Pornography predates the pornstar concept, with erotic frescoes in Pompeii (1st century AD) and medieval manuscripts like *I Modi* (1524) showing explicit acts. The modern pornstar emerged with film: *Le Coucher de la Mariée* (1896), a French short with a striptease, marked an early milestone. The 1970s "Golden Age of Porn" birthed iconic figures like Linda Lovelace (*Deep Throat*, 1972) and John Holmes, as theatrical releases gained mainstream buzz.

VHS in the 1980s democratized porn, boosting stars like Ron Jeremy and Nina Hartley. The internet in the 1990s—Pornhub launched 2007<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/pornhub-empire-adult-industry-1.7157843</ref>—shifted power to studios and later independent creators, with webcam and amateur pornstars rising via Chaturbate (2011) and OnlyFans (2016). By 2025, VR and AI-generated content redefine the field, blending traditional stars with digital avatars.

== Types of Pornstars ==
Pornstars vary by content and career:

* '''Hardcore Pornstars''' – Perform explicit sex acts, dominating mainstream adult films (e.g., Riley Reid, Manuel Ferrara).
* '''Softcore Pornstars''' – Focus on nudity or eroticism without penetration, often in magazines or TV (e.g., WAVEYA).
* '''Amateur Pornstars''' – Self-produce via platforms like OnlyFans, blending professional and DIY aesthetics (e.g., Belle Delphine).
* '''Niche Pornstars''' – Specialize in fetishes, BDSM, or specific demographics (e.g., Buck Angel in trans porn).
* '''Crossover Pornstars''' – Transition to mainstream media or vice versa (e.g., Sasha Grey).

== Cultural Impact ==
Pornstars influence sexual norms, media, and debates on labor. The 1970s saw them as counterculture icons—*Deep Throat* grossed $600 million—while 21st-century stars like James Deen leverage Twitter for fanbases. Critics decry exploitation or moral decay; advocates highlight agency and economic empowerment, with top earners like Lisa Ann netting millions. Films like *Boogie Nights* (1997) and documentaries (*After Porn Ends*, 2012) explore their lives, often glamorizing or cautioning.

Legal battles—obscenity laws, piracy—and health risks (HIV outbreaks, e.g., 2013) shape the industry. Feminism splits on pornstars: some see liberation, others objectification. By 2025, their visibility on TikTok and Instagram blurs adult and mainstream fame.

== Health and Industry Issues ==
Pornstars face STI risks, mitigated by testing (e.g., PASS system), though incidents like the 2004 HIV outbreak paused production. Mental health struggles—addiction, depression—are documented, with a 2018 *Journal of Sex Research* study noting higher rates among performers. Labor conditions vary: studios offer contracts, but independents risk burnout or harassment. Advocacy groups like APAG (Adult Performers Actors Guild) push for rights, amid debates over decriminalization.

== Famous Pornstars ==
Notable hardcore pornstars include:

* '''[[Linda Lovelace]]''' (1949-2002) – Female star of *Deep Throat*, later an anti-porn advocate.<ref>https://collider.com/linda-lovelace-deep-throat-complicated-relationship/</ref>
* '''[[John Holmes]]''' (1944-1988) – Male icon of the Golden Age, known for size and over 2,000 films.
* '''[[Ron Jeremy]]''' (b. 1953) – Male veteran with crossover fame, later convicted of assault in 2021.
* '''[[Nina Hartley]]''' (b. 1959) – Female performer and educator, active since the 1980s.
* '''[[Sasha Grey]]''' (b. 1988) – Female star who transitioned to writing and acting post-2011.
* '''[[Riley Reid]]''' (b. 1991) – Female top earner of the 2010s, known for versatility.
* '''[[Manuel Ferrara]]''' (b. 1975) – Male French actor-director, lauded for natural performances.
* '''[[Mia Khalifa]]''' (b. 1993) – Female brief but viral career (2014-2015), now a critic of porn.
* '''[[James Deen]]''' (b. 1986) – Male star with a "boy-next-door" appeal, marred by 2015 allegations.
* '''[[Buck Angel]]''' (b. 1962) – Male trans pioneer, reshaping gay and trans porn since 2000s.

== Notable Softcore Pornstars ==
Softcore performers focus on eroticism over explicitness:

* '''[[Pamela Anderson]]''' (b. 1967) – Canadian-American model and actress, iconic for *Playboy* and *Baywatch*.
* '''[[Dita Von Teese]]''' (b. 1972) – Burlesque star known for sensual performances and vintage erotica.
* '''[[Tera Patrick]]''' (b. 1976) – Retired from hardcore, prominent in softcore shoots and hosting.
* '''Ari (Jang Eun Young) and MiU (Jang You Sun) of [[Waveya|WAVEYA]]''' – South Korean sisters who shifted from K-pop covers to softcore twerking and ass-clapping<ref>https://waveyanews.weebly.com/waveya-news/ass-clapping-for-attention-how-waveyas-ari-and-miu-twerked-their-way-to-infamy</ref> videos on MemberMe and Patreon by 2019.
* '''[[Belle Delphine]]''' (b. 1999) – British e-girl blending cosplay and suggestive content, avoiding hardcore.

== See Also ==

* [[Pornography]]
* [[Adult film industry]]
* [[Camgirl]]
* [[OnlyFans]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Axel Wintermeyer

2026-08-12T10:30:26Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

{{AfC submission|t||ts=20210904163315|u=Marius Schmitt|ns=118|demo=}}
{{unreferenced|date=September 2021}}

'''Axel Wintermeyer''' (January 1, 1960) is a German politician of the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) and member of the Landtag of Hesse<ref>{{Cite web|title=Axel Wintermeyer {{!}} Hessischer Landtag|url=https://hessischer-landtag.de/content/axel-wintermeyer|access-date=2021-12-12|website=hessischer-landtag.de}}</ref>. As Minister of State in the business area of the Minister President and Head of the [[Hessische Staatskanzlei]], he has been a member of the Hessian state government under [[Volker Bouffier]] since August 31, 2010.

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Axel Wintermeyer
| office = [[Politics of Hesse|Chief of the Hessian State Chancellery]]
| primeminister = Volker Bouffier
| term_start = 31 August 2010
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Stefan Grüttner]]
| successor =

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|1|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Wiesbaden]], [[Hesse]], [[West Germany]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = CDU
| relations =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Mainz]]
| occupation =
| signature =
| website = http://www.axel-wintermeyer.de
| footnotes =
}}

[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Landtag of Hesse]]
[[Category:Ministers of the Hesse State Government]]
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=September 2021}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Dharmendra singh bhind

2026-08-12T10:30:19Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Dharmendra singh bhind|timestamp=20161028171658|year=2016|month=October|day=28|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}{{Infobox person
| name = Dharmendra singh
| nationality = [[India|Indian]]
| occupation = politician
| party = ind
| spouse =
}}

Dharmendra Singh is an Indian [[Politician]] and a candidate of the ind party in [[Bhind]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/2008mp/candidate.php?candidate_id=1323|title=Dharmendra singh|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=myneta.info|access-date=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Dharmendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bhind district]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-politician-stub}}
{{India-politician-stub}} {{⚠️🚨COPIED from en.EverybodyWiki.com ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

The Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail

2026-08-12T10:30:13Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

{{short description|2005 film directed by Marcos Jorge}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=The Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail|timestamp=20201105142144|year=2020|month=November|day=5|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{notability|1=Films|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail
| image =
| caption =
| director = Marcos Jorge
| producer =
| writer =
| starring =
| editing =
| music =
| studio = [[Warner Bros.]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2005|5|19|Brazil}}
| runtime = 109 minutes
| language = [[Portuguese language]]
| country = [[Brazil]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''The Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail''' is a [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] movie by Marcos Jorge, released on March 19, 2015 based on the book ''The Old Sailors or the Captain of the Long Course'' by the brazilian writer [[Jorge Amado]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/the-duel-a-story-where-truth-is-mere-detail/ |title=The Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail (2014) directed by Marcos Jorge • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd |publisher=Letterboxd.com |date=2014-04-16 |accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=5 min de leitura |url=https://revistamonet.globo.com/Filmes/noticia/2015/03/saiba-o-que-esperar-do-filme-nacional-o-duelo-que-chega-aos-cinemas-hoje.html |title=Saiba o que esperar do filme nacional 'O Duelo', que chega aos cinemas hoje - Monet | Filmes |publisher=Revistamonet.globo.com |date=2015-03-19 |accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref>

==Plot==
Based on Jorge Amado's book ''The Old Sailors or the Captain of the Long Course'', the film tells the story of Commander Vasco Moscoso of Aragon (Joaquim de Almeida) and his hectic arrival at the village of Periperi, located near a large municipality. port. After a long life of adventures on the seas, now mature, this picturesque stranger comes to rest. The captain becomes a storyteller and gains sympathy from most of the locals, but some people are beginning to suspect his character, especially the village's Chico Pacheco and until then the most admired citizen of the place.

==Cast==
*[[Joaquim de Almeida]] as Captain Vasco
*[[José Wilker]] as Chico Pacheco
*[[Tainá Müller]] as Dorothy
*João Gabriel Vasconcellos as Lieutenant Mário
*[[Cláudia Raia]] as Carol
*[[Patrícia Pillar|Patricia Pillar]] as Clotilde
*[[Milton Gonçalves]] as Governor
*[[Marcio Garcia]] as Georges

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duel: A Story Where Truth Is Mere Detail, The}}
[[Category:Portuguese-language films]]
[[Category:Brazilian films]]
[[Category:Brazilian comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s comedy films]]
{{Source Wikipedia}}
{{Kept on Wikipedia|Biggest version}}

Shantanu Bhardwaj

2026-08-12T10:30:05Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Bite maballz (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

{{AFC submission|d|athlete|u=Sports tak|ns=118|decliner=A.A Prinon|declinets=20210629105142|ts=20210627163139}} 
{{AFC submission|d|bio|u=Sports tak|ns=118|decliner=Nomadicghumakkad|declinets=20210627104048|small=yes|ts=20210627084741}} 

{{AFC comment|1=Player fails [[WP:NCRIC]] because played no domestic match judged to have been [[WP:OFFCRIC|played at the highest level]]. Subject lacks substantial coverage, so fails [[WP:GNG]]. And the claim of that he played first-class match is just an [[WP:OR]] because there appears to have no statistical profile about the player in reliable stats websites that would confirm his appearance in first-class matches. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">—[[User:A.A Prinon|<span style="background:#0000CD;color:gold;"><b> A.A Prinon </b></span>]] <sup>[[User talk:A.A Prinon|<span style="color:#006400">'''Leave a dialogue'''</span>]]</sup></span> 10:51, 29 June 2021 (UTC)}}

----

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shantanu Bhardwaj
| image =
| country =
| fullname = Shantanu Bhardwaj
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Baraut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| year1 = 2015-2018
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = Chennai Super Kings
| year2 = 2018-
| clubnumber2 =

| source = [https://dainikjanwani.com/joins-chennai-super-kings-squad/]
}}

'''Shantanu Bhardwaj''' (born 15 August 1998) is an Indian [[first-class cricketer]]. He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]. In 2018, he was selected in Chennai Super Kings as a supportive player.<ref name="News">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/baghpat/baraut-s-shantanu-joins-chennai-super-kings-squad-baraut-news-mrt54325821|title=Shantanu Joins Chennai Super Kings |work=Amar Ujjala}}</ref> <ref name="Local boy">{{Cite web|url=https://dainikjanwani.com/joins-chennai-super-kings-squad/|title= Local Boy Joins Chennai Super Kings, June 19, 2021 |accessdate= 19 June 2021 |work=Dainik Janwani}}</ref>

==References==
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Tri City Furnished Homes

2026-08-03T20:33:22Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by Tri City Furnished Homes

DISPLAYTITLE

DISPLAYTITLE
__NOINDEX__

__NONEWSECTIONLINK__{{DEFAULTSORT:title change to blah blah}}

MediaWiki:Titleblacklist

2026-07-30T20:57:06Z

WikiMaster: Gamble

# This is a title blacklist. Titles and users that match a regular expression here cannot be created.
# Use "#" for comments.
# This is case insensitive by default.*
.* cust 0mer.*
.* l1ne.*
.* loan.*
.* 🛩.*
.*45644.*
.*802.*
.*808.*
.*830.*
.*877.*
.*888.*
.*96ace.*
.*+ ?i.*
.*+ ?l.*
.*+9715.*
.*a journey.*
.*a1r .*
.*acid.*
.*acupuncture.*
.*air lines reservation.*
.*air lines.*
.*air-line.*
.*all.*irls.*
.*allegiant helpdes.*
.*alr .*
.*amazon.*
.*ativan.*
.*back pain.*
.*bonus.*
.*butyric.*
.*c0nt.*
.*cance1l.*
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.*cardiovascular.*
.*casino.*
.*cbd.*
.*chiropractor.*
.*choosing.*
.*credit.*
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.*fx .*
.*gamble.*
.*igaming.*
.*injection.*
.*invisalign.*
.*iot.*
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.*kasyno.*
.*liposuction.*
.*lortab.*
.*lunesta.*
.*magento.*
.*money-back.*
.*orthodonti.*
.*oxycodone .*
.*painkiller.*
.*ph0ne number.*
.*pharma.*
.*phne num.*
.*phone number.*
.*revolutionizing.*
.*rupee.*
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.*to buy.*
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.*trade fx.*
.*trading.*
.*tramadol.*
.*treatment.*
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.*ℂaℒℒ.*
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.*☎️.*
.*☮️.*
.*♎.*
.*✈️.*
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.*𝔼scort.*
.*𝕔all.*
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.*🌍.*
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.*🍁.*
.*💸.*
.*📞.*
.*🛺.*
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.*🥳.*
.*🦜.*
.*🧰.*
.*🧿.*
.*🪐.*

MediaWiki:Titleblacklist

2026-07-24T16:36:03Z

WikiMaster:

# This is a title blacklist. Titles and users that match a regular expression here cannot be created.
# Use "#" for comments.
# This is case insensitive by default.*
.* cust 0mer.*
.* l1ne.*
.* loan.*
.* 🛩.*
.*45644.*
.*802.*
.*808.*
.*830.*
.*877.*
.*888.*
.*96ace.*
.*+ ?i.*
.*+ ?l.*
.*+9715.*
.*a journey.*
.*a1r .*
.*acid.*
.*acupuncture.*
.*air lines reservation.*
.*air lines.*
.*air-line.*
.*all.*irls.*
.*allegiant helpdes.*
.*alr .*
.*amazon.*
.*ativan.*
.*back pain.*
.*bonus.*
.*butyric.*
.*c0nt.*
.*cance1l.*
.*cancel.*
.*cancellation.*
.*cardiovascular.*
.*casino.*
.*cbd.*
.*chiropractor.*
.*choosing.*
.*credit.*
.*dental.*
.*dermatology.*
.*DMS®.*
.*eicher.*
.*escorts.*
.*fligh\\s.*
.*flyt.*
.*foreign exchange.*
.*forex.*
.*fx .*
.*igaming.*
.*injection.*
.*invisalign.*
.*iot.*
.*jetblue.*
.*kasyno.*
.*liposuction.*
.*lortab.*
.*lunesta.*
.*magento.*
.*money-back.*
.*orthodonti.*
.*oxycodone .*
.*painkiller.*
.*ph0ne number.*
.*pharma.*
.*phne num.*
.*phone number.*
.*revolutionizing.*
.*rupee.*
.*shield .*
.*tagline.*
.*teeth.*
.*textme.*
.*tic ket.*
.*tips.*
.*to buy.*
.*toll.*
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.*tooth.*
.*trade fx.*
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.*tramadol.*
.*treatment.*
.*valium.*
.*veins.*
.*without prescription.*
.*xanax .*
.*ℂaℒℒ.*
.*ℊℐℝℒ.*
.*☎️.*
.*☮️.*
.*♎.*
.*✈️.*
.*⭕.*
.*𝔼scort.*
.*𝕔all.*
.*🌈.*
.*🌍.*
.*🌎.*
.*🍁.*
.*💸.*
.*📞.*
.*🛺.*
.*🤖.*
.*🤡.*
.*🥳.*
.*🦜.*
.*🧰.*
.*🧿.*
.*🪐.*

Template:Dead link

2026-07-24T14:54:11Z

WikiMaster:

{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B=
{{Fix
| special = <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>{{#if: {{{url|}}}| <span title="{{{title|}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}| since {{{date}}}}}">dead link</span>|<span title="{{{title|}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}| Dead link since {{{date}}}}}">{{#if:{{{fix-attempted|}}}|permanent dead link|dead link}}</span>}}</i>]</span></sup>
| date = {{{date|}}}
| cat = [[Category:All articles with dead external links]]
| cat-date = Category:Articles with dead external links}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{fix-attempted|}}}|[[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]]}}</includeonly>
}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation}}

</noinclude>

Famous Chika Chimezie

2026-07-20T13:47:01Z

WikiMaster: Removed protection from "Famous Chika Chimezie": subscription ended

Famous Chika Chimezie (born 10 October 1993), also known professionally as Fantacy, is a Nigerian entrepreneur, music executive, and professional forex trader. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Fantacy Records, an independent record label based in Nigeria. Famous is widely recognized for his growing influence in the Nigerian music industry and his success in the foreign exchange trading space. He has gained popularity for his entrepreneurial vision, dedication to financial independence, and inspiring journey as a self-made businessman.

Early Life and Education
Famous Chika Chimezie was born on 10 October 1993 in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. He is the son of Chimezie Charles and Chibuzor Chimezie, and one of seven siblings: Charles Chimezie, Chigozie Clinton Chimezie, Chidera Favour Chimezie, Kelechi Victor Chimezie, Ikechukwu Chimezie, and Cynthia Ihechiluru Chimezie.

He began his education at St. Stephen Primary School and completed his secondary education at Holy Ghost Technical Secondary School. He later enrolled at Michael Okpara Federal University of Agriculture, Umudike, where he began a National Diploma program. However, Chimezie made the decision to leave before completing his tertiary education in order to pursue his lifelong dream of becoming a businessman, gaining financial control, and building a successful career through self-employment and entrepreneurship.

Career
Determined to carve his own path, Famous established Fantacy Records, an independent music label focused on identifying, supporting, and developing emerging talent within Nigeria’s vibrant entertainment landscape. Under his professional name Fantacy, he has become a prominent figure in the industry, known for fostering creativity and innovation.

In addition to his work in music, Famous is an accomplished forex trader. He has built a reputation for his strategic approach to currency trading and his commitment to financial literacy. His dual career in entertainment and trading reflects his broader financial expertise, which complements his creative ventures and reflects his commitment to multifaceted entrepreneurship.

Personal Life
Famous Chika Chimezie, known professionally as Fantacy, resides in Nigeria, where he manages his business operations. He is known for his dedication to personal development, entrepreneurship, and empowering young people through music, mentorship, and financial literacy.

Nancy Newman

2026-07-14T11:11:07Z

WikiMaster:

'''Nancy Newman''' is an anchor and reporter on the [[YES Network]].

Newman began her career as a radio personality in [[Barrie, Ontario]].<ref name=Star>{{cite news|last1=McKee|first1=Ken|title=Xynos puts confidence to work as new sports anchor for CNN|work=Toronto Star|date=September 18, 1992}}</ref> In 1988 she joined Scarborough Cable 10, where she eventually became sports director.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting Place|url=http://utsccommons.utsc.utoronto.ca/fall-2011/meeting-place|website=University of Toronto Scarborough|publisher=University of Toronto Scarborough|accessdate=September 9, 2015}}</ref> Newman then did freelance work for [[CHCH-DT|CHCH-TV]] in Toronto and [[The Sports Network|TSN]], including on horse racing and motorsport programs.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Scott Taylor|title=Welcome to the madness of Media Day at Super Bowl XXXV|url=http://newspaperarchive.com/profile/anup-mehra/clipnumber/108857/|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]|date=24 January 2001}}{{free access}}</ref>

In 1992, she was chosen out of hundreds of candidates to replace [[Hannah Storm]] at CNN Sports and [[CNNSI]]. At CNN, she began using her mother's maiden name, Newman, on-air.<ref name=Star />

In 2003, Newman joined YES Network. She is a host/anchor for the [[New York Yankees Pre-Game Show]] and the [[New York Yankees Post-Game Show]] for [[New York Yankees]] telecasts, as well as the pregame and postgame shows for the [[Brooklyn Nets]]. She is also the host of ''Yankees Magazine'', the official magazine show of the New York Yankees. In addition, Newman was a reporter for NBC at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|publisher=CNNSI|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/thenetwork/bios/newman.html|accessdate=2006-11-09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Newman holds a degree from the [[University of Toronto]].

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.yesnetwork.com/announcers/bio.jsp?id=nnewman YES Network Bio]

{{Yes Network}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newman, Nancy}}
[[Category:Major League Baseball announcers]]
[[Category:National Basketball Association broadcasters]]
[[Category:YES Network]]
[[Category:Women sports announcers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American television sports announcers]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]

{{US-tv-bio-stub}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Federated States of Gapla

2026-07-14T11:03:27Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by Wyatt400 (talk) to last revision by WikiMasterBot2

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Federated States of Gapla
| common_name = Gapla
| native_name =
| image_flag = [[File:GaplaflagClear.png|180x270px]]
| image_coat = [[File:GaplaCOA.png|125px]]
| symbol_width =
| national_motto = Erit Ergo Justitia
| national_anthem = "Romeo and Juliet Overture"
[[File:GaplaAnthem.ogg|200px|centre]]
| royal_anthem =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| capital = New Gaplastovia, Elemental
| coordinates =
| largest_city = HydroAspect, Sweet Falls
| official_languages = {{hlist|Gaplan English}}
| language_type = Other languages
| languages = {{hlist|American English|British English}}
|ethnic_groups =
|ethnic_groups_year =
|religion = No official religion, however Christianity is dominant
|religion_year = 2021
| demonym = Gaplan, alternatively Gaplanayan
| government_type = Federative Direct Democratic-Representative Constitutional Monarchy
| leader_title1 = Executive President
| leader_name1 = Chelsea Chen
| leader_title2 = Executive Deputy President
| leader_name2 = Emma Bunnell
| leader_title3 = Secretary of State
| leader_name3 = Vera Sy
| leader_title4 = Chief Justice
| leader_name4 = Mirabelle Wang
| leader_title5 = Minister of Foreign Affairs
| leader_name5 = Wyatt Baek
| legislature = Parliament of the Federated States of Gapla
| upper_house = National Executive Council
| lower_house = Chamber of Representatives
| sovereignty_type = Independence
| sovereignty_note = from the '''United States of America'''
| established_event1 = Declaration of Independence
| established_date1 = 28 February 2019
| established_event2 = Union Day (Snake, Phoenix, Gapla)
| established_date2 = 6 March 2019
| established_event3 = First State Joined (Emeralkia)
| established_date3 = 7 March 2019
| established_event4 = First Constitution Ratified
| established_date4 = 23 March 2019
| established_event5 = Current Form (Federated States of Gapla)
| established_date5 = 2 May 2019
| established_event6 = Gaplan Revolution against Michael Hubbard
| established_date6 = 10 September 2020
| established_event7 = Current Constitution
| established_date7 = 8 March 2021
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| area_sq_mi =
| percent_water =
| population_estimate =
| population_census = 300
| population_estimate_year =
| population_estimate_rank =
| population_census_year = 2021
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal =
| GDP_nominal_year =
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| EPI =
| EPI_year =
| EPI_change =
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_rank =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| HDI_change =
| HDI_ref =
| HDI_rank =
| CGSC =
| CGSC_year =
| CGSC_change =
| CGSC_ref =
| CGSC_rank =
| currency = Gapla Dollar
| currency_code = GPD
| time_zone = Gapla Standard Time
| utc_offset = -7:00
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST =
| drives_on = right
|date_format = YYYY - MM - DD
| ris002code = omit
| calling_code = +1 949
| cctld = .gx
|patron_saint =
| country_code = GX
}}

The '''Federated States of Gapla''', commonly known as '''Gapla''', is a micronation that claims to be a sovereign state formed by Wyatt Baek<ref name=":0" />, styled as the "Crown Prince" of the micronation.<ref>[https://my.gaplagov.org/monarchy/ Monarchy - GovGP]</ref> The self-declared state was founded because the founder believed that the government of the United States was unfair.<ref name=":1" />

Although it claims to be recognized by the signatories of the Montevideo Convention and other states,<ref name=":1">[https://www.amazon.com/Gapla-Nation-Made-Children-Wyatt-ebook/dp/B08D63P4HC/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=gapla&qid=1595995806&sr=8-1 Gapla, a Nation Made by Children eBook: Baek, Wyatt: Kindle Store]</ref> it has no official international recognition by members of the United Nations.

== History ==
Gapla was originally declared as a Principality: an absolute monarchy in which there would be a prince and nobles. However, after some conflicts arose inside the micronation, Gapla was reorganized as a constitutional monarchy, operating as a Presidential republic.<ref name=":0">[https://my.gaplagov.org/faq FAQ - GovGP]</ref>

In March 2020, Gapla was accepted into a micronational organization (the "Grand Unified Micronational"), with other micronations such as the Empire of Austenasia.<ref>[https://grandunifiedmicronational.wordpress.com/2020/03/30/quorum-28th-march-2020/ Quorum, 28th March 2020 | Grand Unified Micronational]</ref> During the history of Gapla, the "citizens" improved the micronation: by creating accessories such as more states,<ref>[https://my.gaplagov.org/about-us About Us - GovGP]</ref> a website, and a browser extension. However, the extension was removed from the Chrome Web Store.<ref>[https://my.gaplagov.org/platforms/ Platforms - GovGP]</ref>

The micronation was mentioned in other small micronations, such as the "United Republics of Antarctica"<ref>[https://www.unitedrepublicsofantarctica.org/post/1-year-of-diplomacy-with-gapla 1 year of diplomacy with Gapla!]</ref> and was featured in a video by a popular flag YouTuber, the Flag and Anthem Guy.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qR_otuheSAs Flag and anthem of Gapla - YouTube]</ref>

== Territory ==
Gapla primarily claims residences of its "citizens" as its territory.<ref name=":0" />

Although this is the primary claim, the micronation also claims land near lakes in [[Arizona]], citing that after a government official sent a letter to the United States Forest Service office in Payson, Arizona, in which the letter stated that if they received no reply, it would be equivalent to a granting of the land to the "country." There was no reply, and the land was claimed. The Gaplan Government claims that the U.S. Forest Service must have read the letter, because it was deposited where important inquiries were posted.<ref name=":0" />

However, this claim is internationally ignored.

== Funding ==
The micronation's creators earn a substantial amount of money through its online shop, selling souvenirs and titles of nobility, a strategy used by other micronations such as the Principality of Sealand.

These funds were also used internally by Gapla to pay for flags, web hosting, crowns, and other "upgrades".<ref>[https://my.gaplagov.org/government-expenses Government Expenses - GovGP]</ref>

The micronation also has its own currency, the Gapla Dollar, which it claims is used as a recognized medium of exchange inside the micronation.<ref>[https://bank.gaplagov.org/ Home - Bank of Gapla]</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Micronations]]
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Facebook

2026-07-11T10:39:45Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by New123 (talk) to last revision by WikiMaster

{{nobots}}
{{about|the social networking service|the type of directory|Face book}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{short description|Global online social networking service}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox dot-com company
| name = Facebook, Inc.
| logo = Facebook Logo (2015) light.svg
| screenshot = File:Joseph_Carrillo_Facebook.png
| caption = A Verified Celebrity Facebook Page
| company_type = [[Public company|Public]]
| language = [[Multilingualism|Multilingual]] (140)
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NASDAQ|FB}} (Class A)|[[NASDAQ-100]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2004|02|04}} in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Our History
| url = https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/
| website = Facebook
| date =
| access-date = November 7, 2018 }}</ref>
| location_city = 1 Hacker Way<br />(aka 1601 Willow Road)<br />[[Menlo Park, California]]
| location_country = U.S.
| area_served = United States (2004–present)<br />Worldwide, except [[Censorship of Facebook|blocking countries]] (2005–present)
| coordinates = {{coord|37.4848|-122.1484|type:landmark_region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| founder = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mark Zuckerberg]]|[[Eduardo Saverin]]|[[Andrew McCollum]]|[[Dustin Moskovitz]]|[[Chris Hughes]]}}
| key_people = Mark Zuckerberg<br />([[Chairman]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<br />[[Sheryl Sandberg]]<br />([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<br />[[David Wehner]]<br />([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])<br />[[Mike Schroepfer]]<br />([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])<br />[[Chris Cox (Facebook)|Chris Cox]]<br />([[Chief product officer|CPO]])
| industry = [[Internet]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{USD|40.653 billion|link=yes}} (2017)<ref name="10k2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3AFB&fstype=ii |title=10-K Annual Report |work=SEC Filings |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=February 3, 2017 |date=January 28, 2017}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{USD|20.203 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10k2015" />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{USD|15.934 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10k2015" />
| assets = {{increase}} {{USD|84.524 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10k2015" />
| equity = {{increase}} {{USD|74.347 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10k2015" />
| num_employees = 30,275 (June 30, 2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/ |title=Stats |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=June 30, 2018}}</ref>
| products = [[Facebook Messenger|Messenger]]<br>[[Facebook Watch|Watch]]
| subsid = [[Instagram]]<br />[[WhatsApp]]<br />[[Oculus VR]]
| url = {{URL|https://www.facebook.com/}} or<br />{{URL|https://www.fb.com/}}
| alexa = {{steady}} 3 ({{as of|2018|12|02|alt=December 2018|post=)}}<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |title=Facebook.com Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa |url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/facebook.com |website=www.alexa.com |accessdate=December 2, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
| registration = Required
| num_users = {{increase}} 2.2 billion monthly active users ({{as of|2018|01|alt=January 2018|post=)}}
| current_status = Active
| programming_language = [[C++]], [[PHP]] (as [[HipHop Virtual Machine|HHVM]]),<ref>{{cite web |first=Gavin |last=Clarke |title=Facebook re-write takes PHP to an enterprise past |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/02/02/facebook_hiphop_unveiled/ |website=[[The Register]] |publisher=Situation Publishing |date=February 2, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> [[D (programming language)|D]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.drdobbs.com/mobile/facebook-adopts-d-language/240162694 |title=Facebook Adopts D Language |last=Bridgwater |first=Adrian |work=Dr Dobb's |location=San Francisco |date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>
| type = [[Social networking service]]
}}

'''Facebook, Inc.''' is an American online [[social media]] and [[social networking service]] company based in [[Menlo Park, California]]. Its website was launched on February 4, 2004, by [[Mark Zuckerberg]], along with fellow [[Harvard College]] students and roommates [[Eduardo Saverin]], [[Andrew McCollum]], [[Dustin Moskovitz]] and [[Chris Hughes]].

The founders initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students. Later they expanded it to [[List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston|higher education institutions in the Boston area]], the [[Ivy League]] schools, and [[Stanford University]]. Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students. Since 2006, anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook, though variations exist in this requirement, depending on local laws. The name comes from the [[face book]] directories often given to American university students. Facebook held its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) in February 2012, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly listed public company. It began selling [[stock]] to the public three months later. Facebook makes most of its revenue from [[advertising|advertisement]]s that appear onscreen.

Facebook can be accessed from a large range of devices with [[Internet]] connectivity, such as [[desktop computer]]s, [[laptop]]s and [[tablet computer|tablet]] computers, and [[smartphone]]s. After registering, users can create a customized profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Users can add other users as [[Friending and following|"friends"]], exchange messages, post status updates, share photos, videos and links, use various [[Application software|software applications]] ("apps"), and receive notifications of other users' activity. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Close Friends". Additionally, users can report or block unpleasant people.

Facebook has more than [[List of virtual communities with more than 100 million active users|2.2 billion monthly active users]] {{as of|2018|01|lc=y|post=.}} Its popularity has led to prominent media coverage for the company, including significant scrutiny over privacy and the psychological effects it has on users. In recent years, the company has faced intense pressure over the amount of [[fake news]], [[hate speech]] and [[Criticism of Facebook#Facebook Live|depictions of violence]] prevalent on its services, all of which it is attempting to counteract.

==History==
{{Main|History of Facebook}}

===2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change===
Zuckerberg wrote a program called "Facemash" in 2003 while attending [[Harvard University]] as a [[Sophomore year|sophomore]] (second-year student). According to ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'', the site was comparable to [[Hot or Not]] and used "photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the "hotter" person".<ref name="Harvard Crimson on Facemash">{{cite web |first=Katharine A. |last=Kaplan |title=Facemash Creator Survives Ad Board |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/11/19/facemash-creator-survives-ad-board-the/ |website=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=November 19, 2003 |accessdate=June 24, 2017}}</ref> Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.<ref name="Fast Company on Zuckerberg">{{cite web |first=Ellen |last=McGirt |title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg: Hacker. Dropout. CEO. |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/59441/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-hacker-dropout-ceo |website=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |publisher=Mansueto Ventures |date=May 1, 2007 |accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref> The Facemash site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating [[copyright]]s, and violating individual privacy. Ultimately, the charges were dropped.<ref name="Harvard Crimson on Facemash" /> Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an [[art history]] final exam. He uploaded all art images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section, then shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=Startup School: An Interview With Mark Zuckerberg |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/24/startup-school-an-interview-with-mark-zuckerberg/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=October 24, 2009 |accessdate=June 24, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Thefacebook.png|thumb|Original layout and name of Thefacebook, 2004]]
A "[[face book]]" is a student directory featuring photos and basic information.<ref name="Fast Company on Zuckerberg" /> In 2003, there were no universal online facebooks at Harvard, with only paper sheets distributed<ref>{{Cite news |first=Sarah |last=Phillips |title=A brief history of Facebook |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=July 25, 2007 |accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref> and private online directories.<ref name="Harvard Crimson on Facemash" /><ref name="Harvard Crimson on Facebook">{{cite web |first=Alan T. |last=Tabak |title=Hundreds Register for New Facebook Website |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/2/9/hundreds-register-for-new-facebook-website/ |website=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=February 9, 2004 |accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref> Zuckerberg told the ''Crimson'' that "Everyone's been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard. ... I think it's kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week."<ref name="Harvard Crimson on Facebook" /> In January 2004, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website, known as "TheFacebook", with the inspiration coming from an editorial in the ''Crimson'' about Facemash, stating that "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available ... the benefits are many."<ref>{{cite web |first=Claire |last=Hoffman |title=The Battle For Facebook |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/the-battle-for-facebook-20100915 |website=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=Wenner Media |date=September 15, 2010 |accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref> On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "TheFacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lily |last=Rothman |title=Happy Birthday, Facebook |url=http://time.com/3686124/happy-birthday-facebook/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 4, 2015 |accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref>

Six days after the site launched, Harvard seniors [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], and [[Divya Narendra]] accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing that he would help them build a social network called [[ConnectU|HarvardConnection.com]]. They claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nicholas |last=Carlson |title=In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg Broke Into A Facebook User's Private Email Account |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-into-the-harvard-crimson-2010-3 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=March 5, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> The three complained to ''The Harvard Crimson'' and the newspaper began an investigation. They later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008<ref name="nytb">{{cite news |work=New York Times blog |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/judge-ends-facebooks-feud-with-connectu/index.html |date=June 28, 2008 |title=Judge Ends Facebook's Feud With ConnectU |author=Stone, Brad}}</ref> for 1.2 million [[shares]] (worth $300 million at Facebook's [[Initial public offering|IPO]]).<ref>{{Cite news |first=Dominic |last=Rushe |title=Facebook IPO sees Winklevoss twins heading for $300m fortune |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/feb/02/facebook-ipo-winklevoss-300m-fortune |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=February 2, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

Membership was initially restricted to students of [[Harvard College]]; within the first month, more than half the undergraduates at Harvard were registered on the service.<ref name="A brief history">{{Cite news |first=Sarah |last=Phillips |title=A brief history of Facebook |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=July 25, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> [[Eduardo Saverin]], Dustin Moskovitz, [[Andrew McCollum]], and [[Chris Hughes]] joined Zuckerberg to help manage the growth of the website.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Weinberger |title=33 photos of Facebook's rise from a Harvard dorm room to world domination |url=http://nordic.businessinsider.com/facebook-history-photos-2016-9 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=September 7, 2017 |accessdate=December 13, 2017}}</ref> In March 2004, Facebook expanded to the universities of [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[Stanford]], and [[Yale]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Facebook: a timeline of the social network |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/9052743/Facebook-a-timeline-of-the-social-network.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=February 1, 2012 |accessdate=December 13, 2017}}</ref> It later opened to all [[Ivy League]] colleges, [[Boston University]], [[New York University]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], [[University of Washington|Washington]] and gradually most universities in the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=June 13, 2008 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/09/11/facebook-opens-up-cx_rr_0911facebook.html |title=Open Facebook |work=Forbes |location=New York |date=September 11, 2006 |author=Rosmarin, Rachel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://tuftsdaily.com/archives/2004/04/12/online-network-created-by-harvard-students-flourishes/ |title=Online network created by Harvard students flourishes |work=[[The Tufts Daily]] |first=Lananh |last=Nguyen |date=April 12, 2004 |location=Medford, MA |accessdate=November 30, 2018}}</ref>

In mid-2004, [[Napster|Napster co-founder]] and entrepreneur [[Sean Parker]]—an informal advisor to Zuckerberg—became the company's president.<ref name="NYT_260505">{{cite news |author=Rosen, Ellen |title=Student's Start-Up Draws Attention and $13 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/26/business/26sbiz.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 26, 2005 |accessdate=May 18, 2009}}</ref> In June 2004, Facebook moved its operations base to [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref name="timeline">{{Cite press release |accessdate=March 5, 2008 |url=https://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?timeline |title=Company Timeline |publisher=Facebook |date=January 1, 2007}}</ref> It received its first investment later that month from [[PayPal]] co-founder [[Peter Thiel]].<ref name="beware">{{cite news |accessdate=April 30, 2008 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/general/beware-facebook/2008/01/18/1200620184398.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 |title=Why you should beware of Facebook |work=The Age |location=Melbourne |date=January 20, 2008}}</ref> In 2005, the company dropped "the" from its name after purchasing the [[domain name]] facebook.com for [[United States dollar|US$]]200,000.<ref>{{cite web |first=Christopher |last=Williams |title=Facebook wins Manx battle for face-book.com |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/10/01/facebook_domain_dispute |website=[[The Register]] |publisher=Situation Publishing |date=October 1, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> The domain facebook.com belonged to AboutFace Corporation before the purchase. This website last appeared on April 8, 2005;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/ |title=AboutFace Home Page |date=April 8, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408055255/https://www.facebook.com/ |archivedate=April 8, 2005}}</ref> from April 10, 2005, to August 4, 2005, this domain gave a 403 error.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/ |title=error! |date=April 10, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408055255/http://www.facebook.com/ |archivedate=April 8, 2005}}</ref>

[[File:MarkZuckerberg-crop.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mark Zuckerberg]], co-creator of Facebook, in his [[Harvard University|Harvard]] dorm room, 2005]]
In May 2005, [[Accel Partners]] invested $12.7 million in Facebook, and [[Jim Breyer]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/47387334/Jim_Breyer_via_Accel_Partners |title=Jim Breyer (via Accel Partners) |work=CNBC |date=May 22, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229120047/http://www.cnbc.com/id/47387334/Jim_Breyer_via_Accel_Partners |archivedate=December 29, 2014 }}</ref> added $1 million of his own money. A high-school version of the site was launched in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook is the go-to Web site for students looking to hook up |work=[[Dayton Daily News]] |location=Ohio |date=August 3, 2006 |author=Dempsey, Laura}}</ref> (At the time, high-school networks required an invitation to join.)<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=May 13, 2011 |url=https://www.forbes.com/security/2007/01/25/myspace-security-identity-tech-security-cx_ll_0124myspaceage.html |title=Why MySpace Doesn't Card |work=Forbes |location=New York |date=January 25, 2007 |author=Lerer, Lisa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602081817/http://www.forbes.com/security/2007/01/25/myspace-security-identity-tech-security-cx_ll_0124myspaceage.html |archivedate=June 2, 2008}}</ref> Facebook also expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including [[Apple Inc.]] and Microsoft.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=March 9, 2008 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-11/facebook-opening-the-doors-wider |title=Facebook: Opening the Doors Wider |work=BusinessWeek |location=New York |date=September 12, 2006 |author=Lacy, Sarah}}</ref>

===2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance and rapid growth===
On September 26, 2006, Facebook was opened to everyone at least 13 years old with a valid [[email address]].<ref name="welcome">{{cite web |first=Carolyn |last=Abram |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=2210227130 |accessdate=March 8, 2008 |publisher=The Facebook Blog |title=Welcome to Facebook, everyone |date=September 26, 2006}}</ref><ref name="tos">{{cite web |accessdate=March 5, 2008 |url=https://www.facebook.com/terms.php |title=Terms of Use |publisher=Facebook |date=November 15, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2006/09/facebook-expansion-enables-more-people-to-connect-with-friends-in-a-trusted-environment/ |title=Facebook Expansion Enables More People to Connect with Friends in a Trusted Environment |date=September 26, 2006 |work=Facebook Newsroom|access-date = February 4, 2016 |via=}}</ref> In late 2007, Facebook had 100,000 business pages (pages which allowed companies to promote themselves and attract customers). These started as group pages, but a new concept called company pages was planned.<ref>{{cite news |title=Enterprise: Facebook, a Marketer's Friend; Site Offers Platform To Tout Products, Interact With Users |last=Richmond |first=Riva |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |location=New York |date=November 27, 2007 |page=B4}}</ref> Pages began rolling out for businesses in May 2009.<ref>{{cite web |author=Greenstein, Howard |url=http://mashable.com/2009/05/27/facebook-page-vs-group |title=Facebook Pages vs Facebook Groups: What's the Difference? |publisher=Mashable.com |date=May 27, 2009 |accessdate=August 4, 2014}}</ref> On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion. Microsoft's purchase included rights to place international advertisements on the social networking site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Microsoft gets a piece of Facebook |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/10/24/technology/msft_facebook/ |website=[[CNNMoney]] |publisher=CNN |date=October 24, 2007 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Doug |last=Sherrets |title=Microsoft invests $240M in Facebook, as Facebook develops ad product |url=https://venturebeat.com/2007/10/24/microsoft-funds-facebook-as-facebook-develops-ad-product/ |website=[[VentureBeat]] |date=October 24, 2007 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref>

In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in [[Dublin]], Ireland.<ref>{{Cite press release |accessdate=November 30, 2008 |url=https://www.facebook.com/press/releases.php?p=59042 |title=Facebook to Establish International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland |publisher=Facebook |date=October 2, 2008}}</ref> Almost a year later, in September 2009, Facebook said that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2009/09/16/tech-facebook-300-million-users.html |title=Facebook 'cash flow positive,' signs 300M users |work=CBC News |location=Toronto |date=September 16, 2009 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref> A January 2009 [[Compete.com]] study ranked Facebook the most used social networking service by worldwide [[monthly active users]].<ref name="Kazeniac">{{cite news |author=Kazeniac, Andy |title=Social Networks: Facebook Takes Over Top Spot, Twitter Climbs |url=http://blog.compete.com/2009/02/09/facebook-myspace-twitter-social-network/ |date=February 9, 2009 |work=Compete Pulse blog |accessdate=February 17, 2009}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' included the site on its end-of-the-decade "best-of" list saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of [[Lexulous|Scrabulous]] before Facebook?"<ref>{{cite news |author=Geier, Thom |last2=Jensen |first2=Jeff |last3=Jordan |first3=Tina |last4=Lyons |first4=Margaret |last5=Markovitz |first5=Adam |date=December 11, 2009 |title=The 100 Greatest Movies, TV Shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends that entertained us over the 10 Years |work=Entertainment Weekly |location=New York |issue=1079/1080 |pages=74–84}}</ref>

Traffic to Facebook increased steadily after 2009. The company announced 500 million users in July 2010,<ref name="500 million"/> and according to its data, half of the site's membership used Facebook daily, for an average of 34 minutes, while 150 million users accessed the site by mobile. A company representative called the milestone a "quiet revolution."<ref name="Quiet revolution"/> In November 2010, based on [[SecondMarket]] Inc. (an exchange for privately held companies' shares), Facebook's value was $41 billion. The company had slightly surpassed [[eBay]] to become the third largest American web company after [[Google]] and [[Amazon.com]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Sophie |last=Curtis |title=Facebook at 10: Zuckerberg hails 'incredible journey' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10614544/Facebook-at-10-Zuckerberg-hails-incredible-journey.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=February 3, 2014 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Womack |title=Facebook Becomes Third Biggest US Web Company |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/technology/facebook-becomes-third-biggest-us-web-company/406751 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203081529/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/technology/facebook-becomes-third-biggest-us-web-company/406751 |website=[[Jakarta Globe]] |publisher=[[BeritaSatu Media Holdings]] |date=November 15, 2010 |archivedate=December 3, 2010 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref>

In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move its headquarters to the former [[Sun Microsystems]] campus in Menlo Park, California.<ref name="parr_ben_facebooks_new_offices_feb_2011">Parr, Ben (February 7, 2011). [http://mashable.com/2011/02/07/facebook-menlo-park-pics/ "These Are Facebook's New Offices [PHOTOS]"]. ''[[Mashable]]'' (New York). Retrieved April 6, 2011.</ref><ref>Brundage, Sandy (February 8, 2011). [http://www.almanacnews.com/news/show_story.php?id=8270 "Facebook moving headquarters to Menlo Park: Social-networking giant to move into former Sun/Oracle campus"]. ''The Almanac'' (Menlo Park, CA).</ref> In March 2011, it was reported that Facebook was removing about 20,000 profiles every day for violations such as spam, graphic content, and underage use, as part of its efforts to boost [[cyber security]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook deletes 20,000 underage profiles daily |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/facebook-deletes-20000-underage-profiles-daily/146972-11.html |date=March 24, 2011 |accessdate=March 24, 2011 |work=IBN Live |agency=Press Trust of India |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh}}</ref> Statistics by [[DoubleClick]] showed that Facebook reached one trillion [[page view]]s in the month of June 2011, making it the most visited website tracked by DoubleClick.<ref>{{cite web |first=Emil |last=Protalinski |title=Facebook is first with 1 trillion page views, according to Google |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/facebook-is-first-with-1-trillion-page-views-according-to-google/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=August 24, 2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Kate |last=Solomon |title=Facebook hit 1 trillion page views in June |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/facebook-hit-1-trillion-page-views-in-june-1000147 |website=[[TechRadar]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |date=August 25, 2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref> According to a [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]] study, Facebook had in 2011 become the second-most accessed website in the U.S. behind [[Google Search|Google]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Google and Facebook top 2011's most visited sites in US |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-16356066 |date=March 8, 2012 |accessdate=July 13, 2017|work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ryan |last=Fleming |title=Google and Facebook top the most visited websites of 2011 |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/web/google-and-facebook-top-the-most-visited-websites-of-2011/ |website=[[Digital Trends]] |date=December 29, 2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref>

===2012–2013: IPO, lawsuits and one-billionth user===
{{Main|Initial public offering of Facebook}}
Facebook eventually filed for an [[initial public offering]] on February 1, 2012.<ref name="sec.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3AFB&fstype=ii |title=Facebook, Inc. Financial Statements |publisher=Securities and Exchange Commission |date=February 1, 2013 |accessdate=February 1, 2013}}</ref> Facebook [[Initial public offering of Facebook|held an initial public offering]] on May 17, 2012, negotiating a share price of US$38. The company was valued at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly listed public company.<ref name="fb-104">{{cite news |authors=Mark Milian and Marcus Chan |title=Facebook's Valuation: What $104 Billion Is Worth |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-05-17/facebook-s-valuation-what-104-billion-is-worth.html |accessdate=January 11, 2014 |newspaper=Bloomberg Technology |date=May 18, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kerr |first=Dara |title=Facebook stock hits a record high, since IPO |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57600166-93/facebook-stock-hits-a-record-high-since-ipo/ |work=C{{!}}Net News|publisher=C{{!}}Net|accessdate=August 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-facebook-pricing-20120518,0,3426310.story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518023059/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-facebook-pricing-20120518%2C0%2C3426310.story |archivedate=May 18, 2012 |title=Stakes are high on Facebook's first day of trading |author1=Andrew Tangel |author2=Walter Hamilton |date=May 17, 2012 |work=The Los Angeles Times |accessdate=May 17, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=}}</ref> Facebook began selling stock to the public and trading on the [[NASDAQ]] on May 18, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Birthday boy Mark Zuckerberg to get $100bn gift |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/social-media/Facebook-CEOs-big-birthday-gift-100bn/articleshow/13131192.cms/ |date=May 14, 2012 |agency=Associated Press |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514180811/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/social-media/Birthday-boy-Mark-Zuckerberg-to-get-100bn-gift/articleshow/13131192.cms |archivedate=May 14, 2012 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Based on its 2012 income of $5 billion, Facebook joined the [[Fortune 500]] list for the first time in May 2013, ranked in position 462.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/05/06/facebook-fortune-500-2013/2139223/ |title=Facebook squeaks onto the Fortune 500 |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 6, 2013 |accessdate=May 19, 2013 |first1=Matt |last1=Krantz}}</ref>

Facebook filed their S1 document with the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] on February 1, 2012. The company applied for a $5 billion IPO, one of the biggest offerings in the history of technology.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=February 1, 2012 |date=February 1, 2012 |title=Facebook Officially Files for $5 Billion IPO |agency=KeyNoodle |url=http://www.keynoodle.com/facebook-officially-files-for-5-billion-ipo |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6KT0ELXzO?url=http://www.keynoodle.com/2012/02/01/facebook-officially-files-for-5-billion-ipo/ |archivedate=October 18, 2013 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> The IPO raised $16 billion, making it the third-largest in U.S. history, after [[Visa Inc.]] in 2008 and [[AT&T Wireless]] in 2000.<ref name="NYT517">{{cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/05/17/facebook-raises-16-billion-in-i-p-o/?hp |title=Facebook Raises $16 Billion in I.P.O. |author1=Evelyn M. Rusli |author2=Peter Eavis |date=May 17, 2012 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=May 17, 2012}}</ref><ref name="USN517">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2012/05/18/questions-and-answers-on-blockbuster-facebook-ipo-3 |title=Questions and answers on blockbuster Facebook IPO |author=Bernard Condon |date=May 17, 2012 |work=U.S. News |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=May 17, 2012}}</ref>

The shares began trading on May 18; the stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, but set a record for the trading volume of an IPO (460 million shares).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120518-710783.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524053446/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120518-710783.html |archivedate=May 24, 2012 |title=Facebook Sets Record For IPO Trading Volume |date=May 18, 2012 |work=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=May 18, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=}}</ref> The first day of trading was marred by technical glitches that prevented orders from going through;<ref name="forbes 2012/05/20">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/billsinger/2012/05/20/tepid-honeymoon-of-facebook-and-nasdaq-does-not-deliver-the-big-bang/ Tepid honeymoon of Facebook and NASDAQ does not deliver the big bang]. forbes.com</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shawn Baldwin]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shawnbaldwin/2012/05/18/facebook-capital-market-transaction-vs-social-offering/ |title=Facebook IPO: Capital Market Transaction vs Social Offering |work=[[Forbes]] |date=May 18, 2012}}</ref> only the technical problems and artificial support from underwriters prevented the stock price from falling below the IPO price on the day.<ref>{{cite web |author=MARCY GORDON |url=https://news.yahoo.com/regulators-probe-banks-role-facebook-ipo-040840829--finance.html |title=Regulators probe banks role Facebook IPO |publisher=News.yahoo.com |date=May 23, 2012 |accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref> In March 2012, Facebook announced App Center, a store selling applications that operate via the website. The store was to be available on [[iPhone]]s, [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices, and mobile web users.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 10, 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18017379 |title=Facebook app store launches amid mobile revenue worries |work=BBC News}}</ref>

[[File:Facebook on Nasdaq.jpeg|thumb|Billboard on the [[Thomson Reuters]] building welcomes Facebook to NASDAQ, 2012]]
On May 22, 2012, the [[Yahoo! Finance]] website reported that Facebook's lead underwriters, [[Morgan Stanley]] (MS), [[JPMorgan Chase|JP Morgan]] (JPM), and [[Goldman Sachs]] (GS), cut their earnings forecasts for the company in the middle of the IPO process.<ref name="yahoo 133648905">{{cite web |author1=Henry Blodget |title=Facebook Bankers Secretly Cut Facebook's Revenue Estimates In Middle Of IPO Roadshow |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/facebook-bankers-secretly-cut-facebook-revenue-estimates-middle-133648905.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |accessdate=December 14, 2014 |date=May 22, 2012}}</ref> The stock had begun its freefall by this time, closing at 34.03 on May 21 and 31.00 on May 22. A [[trading curb|"circuit breaker"]] trading curb was used in an attempt to slow down the stock price's decline.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304019404577420093138995160 Another Facebook First: Tripping a Circuit-Breake]. WSJ Online</ref> Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman [[Mary Schapiro]], and [[Financial Industry Regulatory Authority]] (FINRA) Chairman Rick Ketchum, called for a review of the circumstances surrounding the IPO.<ref name="yahoo 134021024">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120528230445/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/facebook-shares-fall-valuation-doubts-134021024.html Facebook shares fall valuation doubts]. Yahoo! Finance</ref>

Facebook's IPO was consequently investigated, and was compared to a "[[pump and dump]]" scheme.<ref name="forbes 2012/05/20" /><ref name="yahoo 133648905" /><ref name="yahoo 134021024" /><ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/05/22/BU3K1OLCV5.DTL Facebook IPO underscores shutting out the masses]. sfgate.com</ref> A class-action lawsuit was filed in May 2012 because of the trading glitches, which led to botched orders.<ref name="yahoo 005837771">[http://officielpirateruncomptefacebook.com/sec-finra-review-facebook-issues.html Regulators, investors turn up heat over Facebook IPO] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001131347/http://officielpirateruncomptefacebook.com/sec-finra-review-facebook-issues.html |date=October 1, 2015 }}. finance.yahoo.com</ref><ref>[https://finance.yahoo.com/news/facebook-morgan-stanley-sued-firm-125616633.html Morgan Stanley sued firm]. yahoo.com</ref> Lawsuits were filed, alleging that an underwriter for Morgan Stanley selectively revealed adjusted earnings estimates to preferred clients.<ref>{{cite web |title=Listing of Recent Securities Lawsuits Filed Against Facebook |url=https://www.docketalarm.com/search/dockets/?q=facebook+morgan+stanley&f=nos_exact-850+Securities%2FCommodities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019163905/https://www.docketalarm.com/search/dockets/?q=facebook+morgan+stanley&f=nos_exact-850+Securities%2FCommodities|dead-url=yes|archive-date=October 19, 2013 |accessdate=July 19, 2013}}</ref>

The other underwriters (MS, JPM, GS), Facebook's CEO and board, and NASDAQ also faced litigation after numerous lawsuits were filed, while SEC and FINRA both launched investigations.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Matt Nesto |title=Fury Over Facebook IPO Grows, Lawsuits Mount |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/breakout/fury-over-facebook-ipo-grows-lawsuits-mount-150039330.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |accessdate=December 14, 2014 |date=May 23, 2012}}</ref> It was believed that adjustments to earnings estimates were communicated to the underwriters by a Facebook financial officer, who used the information to cash out on their positions while leaving the general public with overpriced shares.<ref>{{cite web |first=Henry |last=Blodget |title=EXCLUSIVE: Here's The Inside Story Of What Happened On The Facebook IPO |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-heres-the-inside-story-of-what-happened-on-the-facebook-ipo-2012-5 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=May 22, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> By the end of May 2012, Facebook's stock lost over a quarter of its starting value, which led ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' to label the IPO a "fiasco".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304821304577436873952633672 |title=Facebook IPO Facts, Fiction and Flops |work=The Wall Street Journal |first=David |last=Weidner |date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Zuckerberg announced to the media at the start of October 2012 that Facebook had passed the monthly active users mark of one billion.<ref name="One billion users"/> The company's data also revealed 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads, and 140 billion friend connections.<ref name="Billion statistics"/>

===2013–2014: Site developments, A4AI and 10th anniversary===
On January 15, 2013, Facebook announced [[Facebook Graph Search]], which provides users with a "precise answer", rather than a link to an answer by leveraging the data present on its site.<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook introduces social search feature |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/facebook-introduces-social-search-feature/2013/01/15/599c6f7e-5f3d-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Tsukayama, Hayley |date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> Facebook emphasized that the feature would be "privacy-aware", returning results only from content already shared with the user.<ref>Claburn, Thomas (January 16, 2013). [http://www.informationweek.com/security/privacy/meet-facebooks-graph-search-tool/240146350 "Meet Facebook's Graph Search Tool"]. ''Information Week''.</ref> On April 3, 2013, Facebook unveiled [[Facebook Home]], a user-interface layer for Android devices offering greater integration with the site. [[HTC]] announced the [[HTC First]], a [[smartphone]] with Home pre-loaded.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Seifert |title=HTC and Facebook announce the First smartphone with AT&T, arriving April 12th for $99.99 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/4/4/4182302/htc-and-facebook-announce-the-first-smartphone |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 4, 2013 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

On April 15, 2013, Facebook announced an alliance across 19 states with the National Association of Attorneys General, to provide teenagers and parents with information on tools to manage social networking profiles.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ingrid |last=Lunden |title=Facebook Links Up With Attorneys General In 19 U.S. States For Teen Social Networking Safety Program |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/15/facebook-links-up-with-attorneys-general-in-19-u-s-states-for-teen-online-safety-program/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=April 15, 2013 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> On April 19, 2013, Facebook officially modified its logo to remove the faint blue line at the bottom of the "F" icon. The letter F moved closer to the edge of the box.<ref>{{cite news |author=Murphy, Samantha |url=http://mashable.com/2013/04/19/facebook-logo-update/ |title=New Facebook Logo Made Official |work=Mashable |date=November 18, 2011 |accessdate=April 20, 2013}}</ref>

Following a campaign by 100 advocacy groups, Facebook agreed to update its policy on hate speech. The campaign highlighted content promoting domestic and sexual violence against women, and used over 57,000 tweets and more than 4,900 emails that caused withdrawal of advertising from the site by 15 companies, including Nissan UK, House of Burlesque and Nationwide UK. The social media website initially responded by stating that "while it may be vulgar and offensive, distasteful content on its own does not violate our policies".<ref>{{cite news |title=#FBrape: Will Facebook Heed Open Letter Protesting 'Endorsement Of Rape & Domestic Violence'? |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/05/28/fbrape-will-facebook-heed-open-letter-protesting-endorsement-rape-domestic-violence_n_3346520.html |accessdate=May 29, 2013 |newspaper=The Huffington Post UK |date=May 28, 2013 |author=Nelson, Sara C.}}</ref> It decided to take action on May 29, 2013, after it "become clear that our systems to identify and remove hate speech have failed to work as effectively as we would like, particularly around issues of gender-based hate".<ref>{{cite web |first=Rory |last=Carroll |title=Facebook gives way to campaign against hate speech on its pages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/may/29/facebook-campaign-violence-against-women |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=May 29, 2013 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

On June 12, 2013, Facebook announced on its newsroom that it was introducing clickable [[hashtag]]s to help users follow trending discussions, or search what others are talking about on a topic.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.techstake.org/2013/06/facebook-introduces-hashtags-to-its-users.html |title=Facebook Introduces Hashtags to its Users |author=Dey, Aditya |work=TechStake-Technology News Blog |date=June 13, 2013}}</ref> A July 2013 ''Wall Street Journal'' article identified the Facebook IPO as the cause of a change in the U.S.' national economic statistics, as the local government area of the company's headquarters, [[San Mateo County]], California, became the top wage-earning county in the country after the fourth quarter of 2012. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the average weekly wage in the county was [[United States dollar|US$]]3,240, 107% higher than the previous year. It noted the wages were "the equivalent of $168,000 a year, and more than 50% higher than the next-highest county, [[New York County]] (better known as [[Manhattan]]), at $2,107 a week, or roughly $110,000 a year."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Facebook's IPO Created the Best-Paid County In America |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/07/02/how-facebooks-ipo-created-the-best-paid-county-in-america/ |accessdate=July 4, 2013 |work=Corporate Intelligence blog |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=July 2, 2013 |author=Thurm, Scott}}</ref>

Facebook was blocked by the Chinese government in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |first=Robin |last=Wauters |title=China Blocks Access To Twitter, Facebook After Riots |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/07/07/china-blocks-access-to-twitter-facebook-after-riots/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 7, 2009 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref> In September 2013, the ''[[South China Morning Post]]'' announced that the block would lifted in the [[Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone|Shanghai Free Trade Zone]] "to welcome foreign companies to invest and to let foreigners live and work happily in the free-trade zone".<ref>{{cite web |first=Heather |last=Timmons |title=China will unblock Facebook, Twitter and The New York Times to boost its new free trade zone |url=https://qz.com/127615/china-will-unblock-facebook-twitter-and-the-new-york-times-to-boost-its-new-free-trade-zone/ |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |publisher=[[Atlantic Media]] |date=September 23, 2013 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook, other banned sites to be open in China free trade zone: report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-facebook-idUSBRE98N04020130924 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=September 24, 2013 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref> However, a few days later, the ''[[People's Daily]]'', the official newspaper of the [[Communist Party of China]], dismissed the earlier report, reiterating the block on Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |first=Clifford |last=Coonan |title=China Won't Allow Twitter, Facebook Access in Shanghai Free Trade Zone After All |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-wont-allow-twitter-facebook-636927 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |publisher=[[Eldridge Industries]] |date=September 26, 2013 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref>

Facebook was announced as a member of [[The Alliance for Affordable Internet]] (A4AI) in October 2013, when the A4AI was launched. The A4AI is a coalition of public and private organizations that includes [[Google]], [[Intel]] and Microsoft. Led by [[Sir Tim Berners-Lee]], the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<ref>{{cite web |first=Samuel |last=Gibbs |title=Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Google lead coalition for cheaper internet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=October 7, 2013 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> A ''[[Reuters]]'' report, published on December 11, 2013, stated that [[Standard & Poor's]] announced the placement of Facebook on its [[S&P 500]] index "after the close of trading on December 20".<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook to join S&P 500 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sp500-facebook/facebook-to-join-sp-500-idUSBRE9BA1AQ20131211 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=December 11, 2013 |accessdate=December 13, 2017}}</ref> Facebook announced Q4 2013 earnings of $523 million (20 cents per share), an increase of $64 million from the previous year,<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook 4Q Earnings, Revenue Grow Sharply |url=http://www.moneynews.com/Companies/Facebook-earnings-profit-social-media/2014/01/29/id/549797 |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=January 29, 2014}}</ref> as well as 945 million mobile users.
[[File:Oculus-Rift-CV1-Headset-Front.jpg|link=File:Oculus-Rift-CV1-Headset-Front.jpg|thumb|right|In 2014, Facebook bought [[Oculus VR]] for $2.3 billion in stock and cash,<ref name="Kotaku FB">{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/facebook-buys-oculus-rift-for-2-billion-1551487939 |title=Facebook Buys Oculus Rift For $2 Billion |date=March 25, 2014 |accessdate=March 25, 2014 |website=Kotaku.com |last=Plunkett |first=Luke}}</ref> which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016.]]
The company celebrated its 10th anniversary during the week of February 3, 2014.<ref name="2013 record quarterly results">{{cite web |first=Dominic |last=Rushe |title=Facebook posts record quarterly results and reports $1.5bn profit for 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/29/facebook-record-quarterly-results |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=January 29, 2014 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> In each of the first three months of 2014, over one billion users logged into their Facebook account on a mobile device.<ref>{{cite web |last=McDuling |first=John |url=http://qz.com/202349/facebook-mobile-user-base-has-crossed-the-1-billion-threshhold/ |title=Facebook's mobile user base has crossed the 1 billion threshold – Quartz |publisher=Qz.com |date= |accessdate=April 24, 2014}}</ref> As part of the company's second quarter results, Facebook announced in late July 2014 that mobile accounted for 62% of its advertising revenue, which is an increase of 21% from the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Lewis DVorkin |title=Inside Forbes: Mobile Part II, Or 4 More Charts That Offer a Peek Into the Future of Journalism |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lewisdvorkin/2014/07/29/inside-forbes-mobile-part-ii-or-4-more-charts-that-offer-a-peak-into-the-future-of-journalism/ |website=Forbes |publisher=Forbes LLC |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |date=July 29, 2014}}</ref> By September 2014, Facebook's market capitalization had risen to over $200 billion.<ref>{{cite news |first=Victor |last=Luckerson |title=Facebook Is Now Worth $200 Billion |url=http://time.com/3305662/facebook-valuation-200-billion/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 8, 2014 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Paul R. |last=La Monica |title=A lot to 'like': Facebook now worth $200 billion |url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/09/investing/facebook-worth-200-billion/ |website=[[CNNMoney]] |publisher=CNN |date=September 9, 2014 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook Valuation Tops $200 Billion |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/facebook-valuation-tops-200-billion.html |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |date=September 8, 2014 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref>

Alongside other American technology figures like [[Jeff Bezos]] and [[Tim Cook]], Zuckerberg hosted visiting Chinese politician Lu Wei, known as the "Internet czar" for his influence in the enforcement of China's online policy, at Facebook's headquarters on December 8, 2014. The meeting occurred after Zuckerberg participated in a Q&A session at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, on October 23, 2014, where he attempted to converse in Mandarin—although Facebook is banned in China, Zuckerberg is highly regarded among the people and was at the university to help fuel the nation's burgeoning entrepreneur sector.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Alex |last1=Hern |first2=Jonathan |last2=Kaiman |title=Mark Zuckerberg addresses Chinese university in Mandarin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/mark-zuckerberg-chinese-university-fluent-mandarin-video |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=October 23, 2014 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> A book of Chinese president [[Xi Jinping]] found on Zuckerberg's office desk attracted a great deal of attention in the media, after the Facebook founder explained to Lu, "I want them [Facebook staff] to understand socialism with Chinese characteristics."<ref>{{cite news |author1=Adam Taylor |title=Why would Mark Zuckerberg want Facebook employees to read the Chinese president's book? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/12/08/why-does-mark-zuckerberg-want-facebook-employees-to-read-the-chinese-presidents-book/ |accessdate=December 14, 2014 |work=The Washington Post |date=December 8, 2014}}</ref>

===2015–present: Combating fake news and other ventures===
{{as of|2015|January|21|df=US}}, Facebook's algorithm is programmed to filter out false or misleading content, such as fake news stories and hoaxes, and will be supported by users who select the option to flag a story as "purposefully fake or deceitful news". According to Reuters, such content is "being spread like a wildfire" on the social media platform. Facebook maintained that "satirical" content, "intended to be humorous, or content that is clearly labeled as satire", will be taken into account and should not be intercepted.<ref>{{cite news|first=Alexei|last=Oreskovic|title=Facebook clamps down on fake news stories |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/20/us-facebook-hoaxes-idUSKBN0KT2C820150120|accessdate=February 4, 2015|work=Reuters |date=January 20, 2015}}</ref> The algorithm, however, has been accused of maintaining a "[[filter bubble]]", where both material the user disagrees with<ref>{{cite journal |title=Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook |journal=Science |date=June 5, 2015 |pmid=25953820 |pages=1130–1132 |volume=348 |issue=6239 |doi=10.1126/science.aaa1160 |first=Eytan |last=Bakshy |first2=Solomon |last2=Messing |first3=Lada A. |last3=Adamic |bibcode=2015Sci...348.1130B }}</ref> and posts with a low level of likes, will also not be seen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook Is Hiding Your Friends' Updates From You {{!}} Unicorn Booty|url = https://unicornbooty.com/facebook-is-hiding-your-friends-updates-from-you/|website = Unicorn Booty|accessdate = November 8, 2015}}</ref> In November 2015, Zuckerberg prolonged period of paternity leave from 4 weeks to 4 months.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=shm&sid1=105&oid=001&aid=0008017659 |title=페이스북, 전세계 '아빠 출산휴가' 4주→4개월로 확대 |last=gong |date=November 28, 2015}}</ref>

On April 12, 2016, Zuckerberg revealed a decade-long plan for Facebook in a keynote address. His speech outlined his vision, which rested on three main pillars: artificial intelligence, increased connectivity around the world and virtual and augmented reality.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2016/04/12/zuckerbergs-10-year-plan-expand-facebook-empire/82936814/ |title=Zuckerberg unveils 10-year plan to expand Facebook empire, with political tones |work=USA TODAY|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> In June 2016 Facebook announced Deep Text, a natural language processing AI which will learn user intent and context in 20 languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Avaneesh |date=June 2, 2016 |title=With 'Near-Human' Level Of Language And Context Comprehension |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/facebook-unveils-deeptext-ai-near-human-level-language-context-comprehension-2377090 |newspaper=IB Times |location=|access-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref>

In July 2016, a {{USD|1 billion}} lawsuit was filed against the company alleging that it permitted the [[Hamas]] group to use it to perform assaults that ended the lives of four people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/facebook-sued-for-dollar1b-for-alleged-use-of-medium-for-terror/ar-BBucrBn?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=mailsignout |title=Facebook Sued for $1B for Alleged Use of Medium for Terror |first=Gwen |last=Ackerman |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=July 11, 2016 |accessdate=September 23, 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2018}}</ref> Facebook released the blueprints of Surround 360 camera on [[GitHub]] under [[open-source license]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook open sources Surround 360 camera with Ikea-style instructions |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/26/if-you-source-it-they-will-build/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 26, 2016 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> In September 2016, it won an [[Primetime Emmy|Emmy]] for its Visual animated short "Henry".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/facebooks-oculus-wins-emmy-for-its-virtual-reality-short-173213477.html |title=Facebook wins first Emmy for Visual animated short "Henry" |last= |first= |date=September 20, 2016 |access-date=September 21, 2016}}</ref>

In October 2016, Facebook announced a fee-based communications tool called [[Workplace by Facebook|Workplace]] that aims to "connect everyone" while at work. Users can create profiles, see updates from co-workers on their news feed, stream live video and participate in secure group chats.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hu |first=Howard |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/howardhyu/2016/10/11/facebooks-workplace-could-replace-all-emails-within-your-company/ |title=Facebook's Workplace Could Replace All Emails Within Your Company |work=[[Forbes]] |date=October 11, 2016 |accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> Facebook annually has an Oculus Connect conference.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/oculus-new-touch-controls-are-intriguing-but-im-still-holding-out-213339901.html |title=Facebook holds Oculus Connect Conference |last=Howley |first=Daniel |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2016}}</ref> Following the 2016 presidential election, Facebook announced that it would further combat the spread of fake news by using fact checkers from sites like [[FactCheck.org]] and [[Associated Press]] (AP), making reporting hoaxes easier through crowdsourcing, and disrupting financial incentives for spammers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/12/facebook-gets-real-fighting-fake-news/ |title=Facebook's Cracking Down on Fake News Starting Today |last=Alba |first=Davey |newspaper=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] |language=en-US|access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>

On January 17, 2017, Facebook COO [[Sheryl Sandberg]] planning to open Station F, a startup incubator campus in Paris, France.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sam |last=Shead |title=Facebook is planning to open a startup incubator in Paris |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-launches-startup-incubator-in-station-f-2017-1 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=January 17, 2017 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> On a six-monthly cycle, Facebook will work with ten to 15 data-driven startups in the location to help them develop their businesses.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/station-f-facebook-startup-garage-startups |title=More than 100 entrepreneurs sign up to help Facebook and Station F find the best startups |publisher=WIRED |author=Matt Burgess |date=February 1, 2017|access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced the beta launch of Facebook Spaces at Facebook's annual F8 developer conference in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/18/15332658/facebook-spaces-virtual-reality-oculus-rift-f8-conference-2017 |title=Facebook's bold and bizarre VR hangout app is now available for the Oculus Rift |publisher=THE VERGE |author=Nick Statt |date=April 18, 2017|access-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref> Facebook Spaces, a virtual reality app version of Facebook for the Facebook-owned Oculus VR goggles. In a virtual and shared space, users can access a curated selection of 360-degree photos and videos using their avatar, with the support of the controller. Users can also access their own photos and videos, and any media shared on their Facebook newsfeed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/facebook-spaces-vr-app-1202033330/ |title=A Closer Look at Facebook Spaces, the Company's First Social VR App |work=Variety |author=Janko Roettgers |date=April 18, 2017|access-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref> The beta app is currently available in the Oculus Store.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook Doubles Down on Social VR with Spaces – Now in Beta |url=https://www.oculus.com/blog/facebook-doubles-down-on-social-vr-with-spaces-now-in-beta/ |website=Oculus VR Blog|access-date = April 19, 2017}}</ref>

In September 2017, Facebook announced it would be spending up to US$1 billion on original shows for its Facebook Watch platform.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/08/facebook-plans-to-spend-up-to-1b-on-original-shows-in-2018/ |title=Facebook plans to spend up to $1B on original shows in 2018 |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |work=TechCrunch|access-date=January 29, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> On October 16, 2017, Facebook acquired the anonymous compliment social media app [[tbh (app)|tbh]] for an undisclosed amount, announcing intentions to leave the app independent, similar to Instagram and WhatsApp.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/10/16/facebook-acquires-anonymous-teen-compliment-app-tbh-will-let-it-run/ |title=Facebook acquires anonymous teen compliment app tbh, will let it run |last=Constine |first=Josh |work=TechCrunch|access-date=October 17, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/facebook-buys-tbh-anonymous-app-loved-by-teens-2017-10?r=US&IR=T |title=Facebook has bought tbh, the anonymous app loved by teens |work=Business Insider|access-date=October 17, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-16/facebook-buys-tbh-app-popular-with-teens-for-anonymous-messaging |title=Facebook Buys TBH App Popular With Teens for Anonymous Messaging |date=October 16, 2017 |work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tbhtime.com/news/ |title=tbh has a new home! |website=tbh|access-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> In May 2018, at its annual [[Facebook F8|F8 developers conference]] in [[San Jose, California]], Facebook announced it would make its own dating service. Shares in the dating business [[Match Group]] fell by 22% following the announcement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-43965204|title=Facebook F8: Zuckerberg's dating service takes on Tinder|work=[[BBC News]]|date=May 2, 2018|access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, Facebook was charged £500,000 by UK watchdogs for failing to respond to data erasure requests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-44785151|title=Facebook faces maximum fine for data misuse|date=July 11, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=July 11, 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> On July 18, 2018, Facebook established a subsidiary named Lianshu Science & Technology in [[Hangzhou City]], [[Zhejiang Province]], China, with US$30 million of registered capital. All its shares are held by Facebook Hong Kong branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/facebook-sets-up-china-subsidiary-10559294|title=Facebook sets up China subsidiary|website=Channel News Asia|date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> However, the approval of the registration of the subsidiary was withdrawn quickly, due to the disagreement between officials in Zhejiang province and the [[Cyberspace Administration of China]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/25/business/facebook-china.html|title=China Said to Quickly Withdraw Approval for New Facebook Venture|website=New York Times|date=July 25, 2018|first=Paul |last=Mozur}}</ref>

On July 26, 2018, Facebook became the first company to lose over $100 billion worth of stock in one day. It fell from nearly $630 billion to $510 billion, a 19% loss, after disappointing sales reports.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/26/facebook-on-pace-for-biggest-one-day-loss-in-value-for-any-company-sin.html|title=Facebook's $100 billion-plus rout is the biggest loss in stock market history|last=Imbert|first=Fred|date=July 26, 2018|work=CNBC|access-date=July 26, 2018|last2=Francolla|first2=Gina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/26/17619424/facebook-stock-market-decline-largest-ever|title=Facebook's stock market decline is the largest one-day drop in US history|last=Newton|first=Casey|date=July 26, 2018|work=The Verge|access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref>

On July 27, 2018, Facebook suspended the official page of [[pundit]] and political commentator [[Alex Jones]] for 30 days. The website claims that Jones participated in [[hate speech]] against [[Robert Mueller]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/27/facebook-suspends-us-conspiracy-theorist-alex-jones|title=Facebook suspends US conspiracy theorist Alex Jones}}</ref>

On July 31, 2018, Facebook revealed that the company had deleted 17 accounts related to [[United States elections, 2018|2018 American elections]] for national, state and local political elections. The company released a statement relating the attempts to previous security breaches saying "It's clear that whoever set up these accounts went to much greater lengths to obscure their true identities than the Russian-based [[Internet Research Agency]] (IRA) has in the past. We believe this could be partly due to changes we've made over the last year to make this kind of abuse much harder."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/07/31/facebook_russia/|title=Facebook deletes 17 accounts, dusts off hands, beams: We've saved the 2018 elections}}</ref>

On September 19, 2018, Facebook announced that, for news distribution outside the United States, it would work with the U.S. funded [[democracy promotion]] organizations, [[International Republican Institute]] and the [[National Democratic Institute]] which are loosely affiliated with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] parties.<ref name="R91918">{{cite news |author1=Joseph Menn |title=Facebook expands fake election news fight, but falsehoods still rampant |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-elections/facebook-expands-fake-election-news-fight-but-falsehoods-still-rampant-idUSKCN1LZ2XY |accessdate=September 28, 2018 |work=Reuters |agency=Reuters |date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> Through the Digital Forensic Research Lab Facebook partners with the [[Atlantic Council]], a think tank affiliated with [[NATO]].<ref name="R91918"/> They have made a grants to Agência Lupa and Aos Fatos, Brazilian [[Fact checking|factchecker]]s, to better communicate with Facebook users during the Brazilian elections scheduled in 2018.<ref name="P4318">{{cite news |author1=Daniel Funke |title=With money from Facebook, this Brazilian fact-checker created a Messenger bot for the election |url=https://www.poynter.org/news/money-facebook-brazilian-fact-checker-created-messenger-bot-election |accessdate=September 28, 2018 |work=poynter.org |date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>

In November 2018, Facebook launched a brand of smart displays called [[Facebook Portal|Portal]] and Portal Plus (Portal+). The screen-enhanced smart speakers use [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]] (intelligent personal assistant service). The devices also include video chat function supported via Facebook Messenger.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/facebook-portal-plus-preview/|title=Facebook Portal brings Alexa and Messenger video chats to one device|date=October 8, 2018|work=CNET|access-date=November 10, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/facebooks-portal-video-calling-smart-display-hits-stores/|title=You can buy Facebook's Portal smart displays starting today|date=November 7, 2018|work=CNET|access-date=November 10, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs==
===Management===
Facebook's key management personnel consists of [[Mark Zuckerberg]] (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer), [[Sheryl Sandberg]] (Chief Operating Officer), [[David Wehner]] (Chief Financial Officer), [[Mike Schroepfer]] (Chief Technology Officer), and [[Chris Cox (Facebook)|Chris Cox]] (Chief Product Officer).<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook Management |url=https://investor.fb.com/corporate-governance/?section=management |website=Facebook Investor Relations |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=July 28, 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2017|6|30|df=US}}, Facebook has 20,658 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Info |url=https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/ |website=Facebook Newsroom |publisher=Facebook |date=June 30, 2017 |accessdate=July 28, 2017}}</ref>

===Revenue===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;"
|-
|+ Revenues<br /><small>(in millions [[US$]])</small>
|-
! Year !! Revenue !! Growth
|-
| 2004 || ${{nts|0.4}}<ref name=facebook-ipo>{{cite news |accessdate=May 21, 2015 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/01/facebook-ipo-facebook-ipo-facebook-ipo/ |title=Facebook's IPO: An End To All The Revenue Speculation |work= TechCrunch |date=February 1, 2012 |author=Tsotsis, Alexia }}</ref> ||align="center"|—
|-
| 2005 || ${{nts|9}}<ref name=facebook-ipo/> || {{#expr:(9/0.4*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2006 || ${{nts|48}}<ref name=facebook-ipo/> || {{#expr:(48/9*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2007 || ${{nts|153}}<ref name=facebook-ipo/> || {{#expr:(153/48*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2008 || ${{nts|280}}<ref name=turns-down>{{cite news |accessdate=July 13, 2010 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/05/19/facebook-turns-down-8-billion-valuation-term-sheet-claims-2009-revenues-to-be-550-million/ |title=Facebook Turns Down $8 billion Valuation Term Sheet, Claims 2009 Revenues Will Be $550 million |work= TechCrunch |date=May 19, 2009 |author=Arrington, Michael }}</ref> || {{#expr:(280/153*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2009 || ${{nts|775}}<ref name=reported>{{cite news |accessdate=January 5, 2011 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/01/05/report-facebook-revenue-was-777-million-in-2009-net-income-200-million/ |title=Report: Facebook Revenue Was $777 Million In 2009, Net Income $200 Million |work= TechCrunch |date=January 5, 2011 |author=Tsotsis, Alexia }}</ref> || {{#expr:(775/280*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2010 || ${{nts|2000}}<ref name=likely>{{cite news |accessdate=January 5, 2011 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-16/facebook-sales-said-likely-to-reach-2-billion-this-year-beating-target.html |title=Facebook 2010 Sales Said Likely to Reach $2 Billion, More Than Estimated |work= Bloomberg |location =New York |date=December 16, 2010 |author=Womack, Brian }}</ref> || {{#expr:(2000/775*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2011 || ${{nts|3711}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://investor.fb.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=736911| title=Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2012 Results | publisher=Facebook| date=January 30, 2013 |accessdate=February 7, 2014}}</ref> || {{#expr:(3711/2000*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2012 || ${{nts|5089}}<ref name=fb2013annual>{{cite web | url=http://investor.fb.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=821954| title=Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2013 Results |publisher=Facebook |date=January 29, 2014 |accessdate=February 7, 2014}}</ref> || {{#expr:(5089/3711*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2013 || ${{nts|7872}}<ref name=fb2013annual/> || {{#expr:(7872/5089*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2014 || ${{nts|12466}}<ref name=fb2014annual>{{cite web |accessdate=May 27, 2015 |url=http://investor.fb.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=893395 |title=Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2014 Results |publisher=Facebook }}</ref> || {{#expr:(12466/7872*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2015 || ${{nts|17928}}<ref name=fb2015annual>{{cite web |accessdate=March 13, 2016 |url=http://investor.fb.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=952040 |title=Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2015 Results |publisher=Facebook }}</ref> || {{#expr:(17928/12466*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2016 || ${{nts|27638}}<ref name=AnnualReport2016>{{cite web |accessdate=April 14, 2018 |url=https://s21.q4cdn.com/399680738/files/doc_financials/annual_reports/FB_AR_2016_FINAL.pdf |title=Facebook Annual Report 2016 |publisher=Facebook }}</ref> || {{#expr:(27638/17928*100 round 0)-100}}%
|-
| 2017 || ${{nts|40653}}<ref name=fb2017annuall>{{cite web |accessdate=April 14, 2018 |url=https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2018/Facebook-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2017-Results/default.aspx |title=Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2017 Results |publisher=Facebook }}</ref> || {{#expr:(40653/27638*100 round 0)-100}}%
|}

Facebook ranked No. 76 in the 2018 [[Fortune 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/|title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List|website=Fortune|language=en-US|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> Most of Facebook's revenue comes from advertising.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jolie O'Dell 203 |url=http://mashable.com/2011/01/17/facebooks-ad-revenue-hit-1-86b-for-2010/ |title=Facebook's Ad Revenue Hit $1.86B for 2010 |publisher=Mashable.com |date=January 17, 2011 |accessdate=December 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Womack |first=Brian |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-20/facebook-revenue-will-reach-4-27-billion-emarketer-says-1-.html |title=Facebook Revenue Will Reach $4.27 Billion, EMarketer Says |publisher=Bloomberg |date=September 20, 2011 |accessdate=December 21, 2011}}</ref> Facebook generally has a lower [[clickthrough rate]] (CTR) for advertisements than most major websites. According to BusinessWeek.com, banner advertisements on Facebook have generally received one-fifth the number of clicks compared to those on the Web as a whole,<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2007/tc20071128_366355_page_2.htm |title=Facebook May Revamp Beacon |work=BusinessWeek |location=New York |date=November 28, 2007}}</ref> although specific comparisons can reveal a much larger disparity. For example, while [[Google]] users click on the first advertisement for search results an average of 8% of the time (80,000 clicks for every one million searches),<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/adwords-clickthrough.php |title=Google AdWords Click Through Rates Per Position |publisher=AccuraCast |date=October 9, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718064957/http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/adwords-clickthrough.php |archivedate=July 18, 2010 |df=}}</ref> Facebook's users click on advertisements an average of 0.04% of the time (400 clicks for every one million pages).<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://valleywag.gawker.com/242234/facebook-consistently-the-worst-performing-site |title=Facebook 'consistently the worst performing site' |work=Gawker |date=March 7, 2007 |author=Denton, Nick |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701223257/http://valleywag.gawker.com/242234/facebook-consistently-the-worst-performing-site |archivedate=July 1, 2010 }}</ref> Successful [[advertising campaign]]s on the site can have clickthrough rates as low as 0.05% to 0.04%, and CTR for ads tend to fall within two weeks.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://techpulse360.com/2009/08/12/facebook-says-its-click-through-rates-do-not-match-those-at-google/ |title=Facebook Says Click Through Rates Do Not Match Those At Google |work=TechPulse 360 |date=August 12, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822055844/http://techpulse360.com/2009/08/12/facebook-says-its-click-through-rates-do-not-match-those-at-google/ |archivedate=August 22, 2010 |df=}}</ref>

The cause of Facebook's low CTR has been attributed to younger users enabling [[ad blocking]] software and their adeptness at ignoring advertising messages, as well as the site's primary purpose being social communication rather than content viewing.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://www.bizreport.com/2007/07/advertisers_disappointed_with_facebooks_ctr.html |title=Advertisers disappointed with Facebook's CTR |work=BizReport |date=July 16, 2007 |author=Leggatt, Helen}}</ref> According to digital consultancy iStrategy Labs in mid-January 2014, three million fewer users aged between 13 and 17 years were present on Facebook's Social Advertising platform compared to 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=3 Million Teens Leave Facebook In 3 Years: The 2014 Facebook Demographic Report |url=http://istrategylabs.com/2014/01/3-million-teens-leave-facebook-in-3-years-the-2014-facebook-demographic-report/ |work=iStrategy Labs |publisher=iStrategy Labs |accessdate=January 30, 2014 |author=DJ Saul |date=January 15, 2014}}</ref> However, ''Time'' writer and reporter Christopher Matthews stated in the wake of the iStrategy Labs results:

{{quote|A big part of Facebook's pitch is that it has so much information about its users that it can more effectively target ads to those who will be responsive to the content. If Facebook can prove that theory to be true, then it may not worry so much about losing its cool cachet.<ref>{{cite news |last=Matthews |first=Christopher |url=http://business.time.com/2014/01/15/more-than-11-million-young-people-have-fled-facebook-since-2011/#ixzz2rtiYyP1z |title=More Than 11 Million Young People Have Fled Facebook Since 2011 |publisher=Business.time.com |date=January 15, 2014 |accessdate=April 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Matthews |first=Christopher |url=http://business.time.com/2014/01/15/more-than-11-million-young-people-have-fled-facebook-since-2011/ |title=More Than 11 Million Young People Have Fled Facebook Since 2011 |publisher=Business.time.com |date=January 15, 2014 |accessdate=April 22, 2014}}</ref>}}

A portion of Facebook revenue comes from the "firehose" access, bulk access to the social media data sold to the third parties.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Finally Lets Its Firehose Be Tapped For Marketing Insights Thanks To DataSift |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/10/facebook-topic-data/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=March 10, 2015 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |accessdate=January 30, 2017 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/10/aclu-exposes-facebook-twitter-for-selling-surveillance-company-user-data/ |title=ACLU exposes Facebook, Twitter for feeding surveillance company user data |work=ArsTechnica |date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> In December 2014, a report from Frank N. Magid and Associates found that the percentage of teens aged 13 to 17 who used Facebook fell to 88% in 2014, down from 94% in 2013 and 95% in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2474049,00.asp |title=Survey Says: Teens Hate Facebook |publisher=PC Magazine |accessdate=December 22, 2014}}</ref> Zuckerberg, alongside other Facebook executives, have questioned the data in such reports; although, a former Facebook senior employee has commented: "Mark [Zuckerberg] is very willing to recognize the strengths in other products and the flaws in Facebook."<ref name="Bloom">{{cite web |title=Facebook Turns 10: The Mark Zuckerberg Interview |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-30/facebook-turns-10-the-mark-zuckerberg-interview#p2 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg L.P |accessdate=January 30, 2014 |author=Brad Stone |author2=Sarah Frier |date=January 30, 2014}}</ref>

On pages for brands and products, however, some companies have reported CTR as high as 6.49% for Wall posts.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://adage.com/digitalnext/post?article_id=138442 |title=Facebook's Click-Through Rates Flourish ... for Wall Posts |work=Advertising Age |location=New York |date=August 13, 2009 |author=Klaassen, Abbey}}</ref> A study found that, for video advertisements on Facebook, over 40% of users who viewed the videos viewed the entire video, while the industry average was 25% for in-banner video ads.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |url=http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=130217 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916061802/http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=130217 |archivedate=September 16, 2011 |title=Study: Video Ads On Facebook More Engaging Than Outside Sites |work=MediaPost |location=New York |date=June 15, 2010 |author=Walsh |first=Mark}}</ref>

[[File:Chart of Facebook, inc. Stock.png|thumb|Chart of Facebook's stock]]
The company released its own set of revenue data at the end of January 2014 and claimed: Revenues of US$2.59 billion were generated for the three months ending December 31, 2013; earnings per share were 31 cents; revenues of US$7.87 billion were made for the entirety of 2013; and Facebook's annual profit for 2013 was US$1.5 billion. During the same time, independent market research firm [[eMarketer]] released data in which Facebook accounted for 5.7 per cent of all global digital ad revenues in 2013 (Google's share was 32.4 per cent).<ref name="2013 record quarterly results" /> Revenue for the June 2014 quarter rose to $2.68 billion, an increase of 67 per cent over the second quarter of 2013. Mobile advertising revenue accounted for around 62 per cent of advertising revenue, an increase of approximately 41 per cent over the comparable quarter of the previous year. In December 2017, the company announced that it would no longer route all of its revenues through its Ireland headquarters, but rather record revenue locally in each of the countries where it is generated.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Lynley |title=Facebook will no longer always divert international advertising revenue to Ireland |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/12/facebook-will-no-longer-always-divert-international-advertising-revenue-to-ireland/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=December 12, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook to stop routing ad revenue via Ireland amid pressure over taxes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/12/facebook-ad-revenue-countries-earned-ireland |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=December 12, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> Later Facebook received a charge of $1.63 billion by [[European Union]] for the data breach.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/facebook-faces-1-63-billion-in-eu-fine-over-fresh-data-breach/articleshow/66023983.cms|title=Facebook faces $1.63 billion in EU fine over fresh data breach|date=October 1, 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-faces-potential-1-63-billion-fine-in-europe-over-data-breach-1538330906|title=Facebook Faces Potential $1.63 Billion Fine in Europe Over Data Breach|last=Schechner|first=Sam|date=September 30, 2018|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

====Number of advertisers====
In February 2015, Facebook announced that it had reached two million active advertisers with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser is an advertiser that has advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days.<ref>{{cite news |last=Meola |first=Andrew |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/13056913/1/facebook-fb-stock-falls-today-despite-two-million-active-advertiser-announcement.html |title=Active, in this case, means the advertiser has advertised on the site in the last 28 days. |work=TheStreet |publisher=TheStreet, Inc. |date=February 24, 2015 |accessdate=February 25, 2015}}</ref> In March 2016, Facebook announced that it reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/business/news/3-million-advertisers |title=3 Million Advertisers on Facebook |work=Facebook for Business}}</ref>

===Mergers and acquisitions===
{{Main|List of mergers and acquisitions by Facebook}}
On November 15, 2010, Facebook announced it had acquired the domain name fb.com from the [[American Farm Bureau Federation]] for an undisclosed amount. On January 11, 2011, the Farm Bureau disclosed $8.5 million in "domain sales income", making the acquisition of FB.com one of the ten highest domain sales in history.<ref>{{cite news |title=FB.com acquired by Facebook |url=http://namemon.com/news/1-latest-news/115-fbcom-acquired-by-facebook |date=January 11, 2011 |work=NameMon News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204210357/http://namemon.com/news/1-latest-news/115-fbcom-acquired-by-facebook |archivedate=February 4, 2011 |df=}}</ref>

In April 2012, Facebook acquired [[Instagram]] for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock.

In February 2014, Facebook announced that it would be buying mobile messaging company [[WhatsApp]] for US$19 billion in cash and stock.<ref>{{cite web |first=Adrian |last=Covert |title=Facebook buys WhatsApp for $19 billion |url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/19/technology/social/facebook-whatsapp/index.html |website=[[CNNMoney]] |publisher=CNN |date=February 19, 2014 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Brad |last=Stone |title=Facebook Buys WhatsApp for $19 Billion |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-19/facebook-buys-mobile-messenger-whatsapp-for-19-billion |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=February 20, 2014 |accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref>

In November 2016 Facebook acquired CrowdTangle, a social analytics company that tracks how content spreads online. CrowdTangle confirmed the acquisition in a message on their website, but the company has not disclosed the financial terms of the deal.<ref>{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=Facebook buys CrowdTangle, the tool publishers use to win the internet |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/11/13594338/facebook-acquires-crowdtangle |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=November 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

===Offices===
In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move to its new headquarters, the former Sun Microsystems campus in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Laird, Sam |url=http://mashable.com/2011/12/19/facebook-completes-move-into-new-menlo-park-headquarters/ |title=Facebook Completes Move Into New Menlo Park Headquarters |publisher=Mashable.com |date=December 19, 2011 |accessdate=August 4, 2014}}</ref> All users outside of the US and Canada have a contract with Facebook's Irish subsidiary "Facebook Ireland Limited". This allows Facebook to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Facebook is making use of the [[Double Irish arrangement]] which allows it to pay just about 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.<ref name="bloom2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-21/google-2-4-rate-shows-how-60-billion-u-s-revenue-lost-to-tax-loopholes.html/ |title=Google 2.4% Rate Shows How $60 Billion Lost to Tax Loopholes |work=Bloomberg |publisher=Bloomberg.com |accessdate= |first=Jesse |last=Drucker |date=October 21, 2010}}</ref> In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/internet/article804734.ece?homepage=true/ |title=Facebook opens office in India |work=The Hindu |date=September 30, 2010 |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/young-business-leaders-kirthiga-reddy-facebook/1/15083.html/ |title=Kirthiga Reddy: The face behind Facebook |publisher=Businesstoday.intoday.in |date=May 15, 2011 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nikhil Pahwa |url=http://www.medianama.com/2010/07/223-facebook-appoints-kirthiga-reddy-as-head-of-indian-operations/ |title=Facebook Appoints Kirthiga Reddy As Head Of Indian Operations |publisher=Medianama.com |date=July 16, 2010 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref> and the first in [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook's India face-Meet Kirthiga Reddy, Head and Director Online Operations, Facebook India. |url=http://lifestyle.in.msn.com/exclusives/it/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592317 |date=November 14, 2011 |work=MSN India}}</ref>

Facebook, which in 2010 had more than 750 million active users globally including over 23 million in India, announced that its [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] center would house online advertising and developer support teams and provide round-the-clock, multilingual support to the social networking site's users and advertisers globally.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.watblog.com/2010/08/30/facebooks-hyderabad-office-inaugurated-google-vs-facebook-battle-india/ |title=Facebook's Hyderabad Office Inaugurated – Google vs Facebook Battle Comes To India |publisher=Watblog.com |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101131508/http://www.watblog.com/2010/08/30/facebooks-hyderabad-office-inaugurated-google-vs-facebook-battle-india/ |archivedate=January 1, 2012 |df=}}</ref> With this, Facebook joins other giants like [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Dell]], [[IBM]] and Computer Associates that have already set up shop.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-19/hyderabad/31076680_1_hyderabad-headcount-deloitte-amazon/ |title=City back as investors' top pick |publisher=Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=February 19, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref> In Hyderabad, it is registered as 'Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd'.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-29/news/31110820_1_fatwaonline-internet-users-objectionable-content/ |title=Not responsible for user-generated content hosted on website: Facebook India |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=February 29, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/internet/Facebook-India-to-court-Not-responsible-for-user-generated-content/articleshow/12080208.cms?prtpage=1/ |title=Facebook India to court: Not responsible for user-generated content – Gadgets Now |website=Gadget Now}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/12080208.cms/ |title=Facebook India to court: Not responsible for user-generated content |publisher=M.timesofindia.com |date=February 29, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref>

Though Facebook did not specify its India investment or hiring figures, it said recruitment had already begun for a director of operations and other key positions at Hyderabad,<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/careers/department.php?dept=hyderabad Hyderabad, India]: "At the tech epicenter of India, our Hyderabad office is where we help support the region's growing users base, advertisers, and developers." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107121640/https://www.facebook.com/careers/department.php?dept=hyderabad |date=January 7, 2012 }}</ref> which would supplement its operations in [[California]], [[Dublin]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] as well as at [[Austin]], [[Texas]]. A custom-built [[data center]] with substantially reduced ("38% less") [[IT energy management#Server and data center power management|power consumption]] compared to existing Facebook data centers opened in April 2011 in [[Prineville, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=April 16, 2011 |date=April 16, 2011 |title=Zuckerberg at Ore. Facebook data center |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2011/04/16/zuckerberg_at_ore_facebook_data_center/ |newspaper=''[[The Boston Globe]]'' |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619084508/http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2011/04/16/zuckerberg_at_ore_facebook_data_center/ |archivedate=June 19, 2013}}</ref> In April 2012, Facebook opened a second data center in [[Forest City, North Carolina]], US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook Building $450M North Carolina Data Center |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2372572,00.asp |work=PC Mag |publisher=Ziff Davis |accessdate=September 8, 2013 |author=Chloe Albanesius |date=November 11, 2010}}</ref> In June 2013, Facebook opened a third data center in [[Luleå]], Sweden. In November 2014, Facebook opened a fourth data center in [[Altoona, Iowa]], US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Altoona data center is 'where Facebook lives' |url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/tech/2014/11/14/facebook-altoona-data-center/19034785/ |work=The Des Moines Register |publisher=Gannett Company |accessdate=November 14, 2014 |author=Matthew Patane |date=November 14, 2014}}</ref> In September 2016, Facebook announced a coming datacenter in [[Los Lunas, New Mexico]] in 2018 powered by renewable energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/337730426564112/facebook-in-los-lunas-our-newest-data-center/ |title=Facebook in Los Lunas: Our newest data center |work=Facebook Code |accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/LosLunasDataCenter/ |title=Los Luna Data Center |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref>

On October 1, 2012, CEO Zuckerberg visited Moscow to stimulate social media innovation in Russia and to boost Facebook's position in the Russian market.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zuckerberg in Moscow to boost Facebook's presence |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20121001-zuckerberg-moscow-boost-facebooks-presence-0 |publisher=France24.com |date=October 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003232618/http://www.france24.com/en/20121001-zuckerberg-moscow-boost-facebooks-presence-0 |archivedate=October 3, 2012}}</ref> Russia's communications minister tweeted that Prime Minister [[Dmitry Medvedev]] urged the social media giant's founder to abandon plans to lure away Russian programmers and instead consider opening a research center in Moscow. Facebook has roughly 9 million users in Russia, while [[VK (social network)|domestic analogue VK]] has around 34 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia pushes Facebook to open research center |url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/10/01/russia-pushes-facebook-to-open-research-center/ |publisher=FoxNews |date=October 1, 2012}}</ref>

The establishment of a woodworking facility on the Menlo Park campus was announced at the end of August 2013. The facility, opened in June 2013, provides equipment, safety courses and a woodworking learning course. Employees are required to purchase materials at the in-house store. A Facebook spokesperson explained that the intention of setting up the facility is to encourage employees to think in an innovative manner because of the different environment; it also serves as an attractive perk for prospective employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook tells employees, 'build something' – with a table saw |url=http://www.techhive.com/article/2047898/facebook-tells-employees-build-something-with-a-table-saw.html#tk.nl_thbest |work=TechHive |publisher=IDG Consumer & SMB |accessdate=September 8, 2013 |author=Zach Miners |date=August 30, 2013}}</ref> On November 21, 2016 Facebook announced that it will open its new London headquarters next year and create another 500 jobs in the UK. New headquarters will be in Fitzrovia in central London at a site that is currently undergoing redevelopment. Facebook's London-based executive, [[Nicola Mendelsohn]] said "The UK remains one of the best places to be a tech company".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/facebook-to-open-new-london-hq-create-500-new-jobs-by-2017-4387702/ |title=Facebook to open new London HQ, create 500 new jobs by 2017 |date=November 21, 2016 |accessdate=November 21, 2016}}</ref> In August 2017, Facebook announced the opening of a new office in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] in 2018. Facebook will occupy the top three floors of 100 Binney St in [[Kendall Square]] and share the building with the pharmaceutical employees from [[Bristol-Myers Squibb]]. The offices will be home to Facebook's "Connectivity Lab", a group focused on bringing Internet access and technology to 4 billion people who do not have access to the Internet.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nanos |first=Janelle |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2017/08/30/facebook/Fgclbq21lLZctraIPEYrLK/story.html |title=Facebook to open new office in Kendall Square, adding hundreds of jobs |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=August 30, 2017 |accessdate=August 30, 2017}}</ref>

<gallery style="float:left; margin:0em 0.5em 0em 0em;" widths="275" heights="150">
1601californiaavelobby.jpg|Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the [[Stanford Research Park]], [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]]
</gallery>
<gallery style="float:left; margin:0em 0.5em 0em 0em;" widths="225" heights="150">
Facebook Headquarters 1 Hacker Way Menlo Park.jpg|Entrance to Facebook headquarters complex in [[Menlo Park, California]]
</gallery>
<gallery style="float:left; margin:0em 0.5em 0em 0em;" widths="550" heights="150">
Inside the Facebook campus.jpg|Inside the Facebook headquarters in 2014
</gallery>
{{Clear}}

===Tax affairs===
{{see also|Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland#Multinational tax schemes|Double Irish arrangement#Effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act}}
Like Apple, Google and Microsoft (and other US technology multinationals), Facebook has an office in Ireland (Facebook Ireland), with circa 2,000 employees,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/no-loss-of-irish-jobs-at-facebook-on-tax-shift-818469.html|title='No loss of Irish jobs' at Facebook on tax shift|publisher=Irish Examiner|date=December 13, 2017}}</ref> through which it manages 1.9bn global Facebook accounts (86% of all Facebook accounts), representing all of its non-US accounts (i.e. not just European).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/facebook-to-put-1-5bn-users-out-of-reach-of-new-eu-gdpr-privacy-law-1.3466837|title=Facebook to put 1.5bn users out of reach of new EU GDPR privacy law|work=Irish Times|date=April 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-privacy-eu-exclusive/exclusive-facebook-to-put-1-5-billion-users-out-of-reach-of-new-eu-privacy-law-idUSKBN1HQ00P|title=Exclusive: Facebook to put 1.5 billion users out of reach of new EU privacy law|publisher=Reuters News|date=April 19, 2018}}</ref> Facebook Ireland is the 9th largest Irish company (by 2017 revenues, see [[Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland#Multinational tax schemes|here]]).

Facebook Ireland uses a basic [[double Irish]] tax structure<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ca64f938-5dc0-11e3-95bd-00144feabdc0|title='Double Irish' limits Facebook's tax bill to €1.9m in Ireland|work=Financial Times|date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> to pay effective tax rates of <1% on the Irish business,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/technology/facebook-paid-just-30m-tax-in-ireland-despite-earning-12bn-36362527.html|title=Facebook paid just €30m tax in Ireland despite earning €12bn|work=Irish Independent|date=November 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/facebook-ireland-pays-tax-of-just-30m-on-126bn-816238.html|title=Facebook Ireland pays tax of just €30m on €12.6bn|work=Irish Examiner|date=November 29, 2017}}</ref> which is a similar outcome for Apple and Google in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-01/pinning-down-apple-s-alleged-0-005-tax-rate-mission-impossible| title=Pinning Down Apple's Alleged 0.005% Tax Rate Is Nearly Impossible | publisher=Bloomberg News|date=September 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/nov/04/google-pays-47m-euros-tax-ireland-22bn-euros-revenue| title=Google pays €47m in tax in Ireland on €22bn sales revenue|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=November 4, 2016}}</ref>

Under pressure from the EU,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba95cff0-4fcd-11e4-a0a4-00144feab7de | title=Brussels in crackdown on 'double Irish' tax loophole| work=Financial Times| date=October 2014}}</ref> the Irish Government closed the [[double Irish]] to new schemes in 2015, however, existing users, like Facebook, have until 2020 to find alternatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/irelands-move-to-close-the-double-irish-tax-loophole-unlikely-to-bother-apple-google-33011 | title=Ireland's move to close the 'double Irish' tax loophole unlikely to bother Apple, Google| work=theconversation.com| date=October 2014}}</ref> On foot of their [[EU illegal State aid case against Apple in Ireland|EU Commission €13bn tax fine]] (for period 2004–2014, the largest tax fine in history<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/4472500/apple-eu-irish-tax-bill/|title=Apple vs. the E.U. Is the Biggest Tax Battle in History|last=Foroohar|first=Rana|date=August 30, 2016|website=TIME.com|publisher=|access-date=November 14, 2016}}</ref>), Apple has restructured their [[double Irish]] structure (Apple Sales International), into an Irish [[Capital allowances for intangible assets|capital allowances for intangibles]] tax scheme (see [[leprechaun economics]]). However Microsoft has opted for a variation of the [[double Irish]] called the [[Single malt tax|single malt]], which relies on specific wording in the Ireland-Malta tax treaty.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/multinationals-turn-from-double-irish-to-single-malt-to-avoid-tax-in-ireland-1.3290649 | title = Multinationals turn from Double Irish to Single Malt to avoid tax in Ireland | date = November 14, 2017 | work = Irish Times}}</ref>

To create a [[double Irish]] tax structure, a large quantum of [[intellectual property]] (or "IP") must be owned in a low-tax location, which the [[double Irish]] will then charge out to all non-US locations as a [[royalty payment]] (to relocate profits to the low-tax location). The US IRS is challenging Facebook Inc. on the valuation it used when it transferred IP from the US to Facebook Ireland in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building it's [[double Irish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crypto-currencies-exchanges/crypto-trading-tumbles-as-investment-scramble-unwinds-idUSKBN1HR1PJ|title=Facebook must give judge documents for U.S. tax probe of Irish unit|publisher=Reuters|date=March 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/facebooks-dublin-hq-central-5bn-us-tax-probe-413079|title=Facebook's Dublin HQ central to $5bn US tax probe|publisher=Sunday Business Post|date=April 1, 2018}}</ref> The case is ongoing and the IRS have noted that the potential quantum of fine is $3–5bn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/facebook-ordered-to-comply-with-u-s-tax-probe-of-irish-unit|title=Facebook Ordered to Comply With U.S. Tax Probe of Irish Unit|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=March 28, 2018}}</ref>

The US [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]] changes Facebook's global tax calculations. Facebook Ireland will now be subject to the US GILTI tax of 10.5% on global intangible profits (i.e. Irish profits). On the basis that Facebook Ireland is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Facebook Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if it's Irish business was relocated back to the US. Higher tax relief in the US (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective US rate circa 12%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/us/pdf/2018/02/tnf-new-law-book-feb6-2018.pdf|title=KPMG Report on TCJA|publisher=KPMG|date=February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hbr.org/ideacast/2017/12/breaking-down-the-new-u-s-corporate-tax-law|title=Breaking Down the New U.S. Corporate Tax Law|publisher=Harvard Business Review|date=December 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = US corporations could be saying goodbye to Ireland|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/us-corporations-could-be-saying-goodbye-to-ireland-1.3359050?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fus-corporations-could-be-saying-goodbye-to-ireland-1.3359050|work=Irish Times|date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>

The closeness of the net effective tax costs of having Facebook Ireland, in Ireland, or relocated back to the US, was shown when Reuters revealed that Facebook Ireland is going to move 1.5bn non-EU accounts back to the US to limit exposure to the EU Commission's May 2018 [[GDPR]].<ref name="reuters"/> To irrevocably limit financial exposure to the EU's GDPR, these 1.5bn non-EU accounts (and their commercial processing) must be moved to the US. Facebook said that this move "did not carry tax implications", a statement which was mistakenly interpreted as implying that processing would stay in Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/19/facebook-moves-15bn-users-out-of-reach-of-new-european-privacy-law|title=Facebook moves 1.5bn users out of reach of new European privacy law|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=April 19, 2018}}</ref>

==Website==
{{Main|List of Facebook features|Facebook Platform}}
[[File:Original-facebook.jpg|thumb|Profile shown on Thefacebook in 2005]]
[[File:Facebook.svg|thumb|Previous Facebook logo in use from August 23, 2005 until July 1, 2015]]

===Technical aspects===
The website's primary color is blue as Zuckerberg is [[Red–green color blindness|red-green colorblind]], a realization that occurred after a test undertaken around 2007; he explained in 2010: "blue is the richest color for me—I can see all of blue."<ref>{{cite web |title=Generation Why? |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/nov/25/generation-why/?pagination=false |work=The New York Review of Books |publisher=NYREV, Inc |accessdate=February 15, 2014 |author=Zadie Smith |date=November 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LETTER FROM PALO ALTO: THE FACE OF FACEBOOK |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas?currentPage=all |work=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |accessdate=February 15, 2014 |author=Jose Antonio Vargas |date=September 20, 2010}}</ref> Facebook is built in [[PHP]] which is compiled with [[HipHop for PHP]], a "source code transformer" built by Facebook engineers that turns PHP into [[C++]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Developer Blog – HipHop for PHP: Move Fast |url=https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2010/02/02/hiphop-for-php--move-fast/ |work=Facebook Developers |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=November 11, 2013 |author=Haiping Zhao |date=February 2, 2010}}</ref> The deployment of HipHop reportedly reduced average CPU consumption on Facebook servers by 50%.<ref name="Ars Technica BTS">{{cite web |first=Ryan |last=Paul |title=Exclusive: a behind-the-scenes look at Facebook release engineering |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/exclusive-a-behind-the-scenes-look-at-facebook-release-engineering/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=April 5, 2012 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref>

Facebook is developed as one monolithic application. According to an interview in 2012 with Chuck Rossi, a build engineer at Facebook, Facebook compiles into a 1.5  GB binary blob which is then distributed to the servers using a custom [[BitTorrent]]-based release system. Rossi stated that it takes about 15 minutes to build and 15 minutes to release to the servers. The build and release process has zero downtime and new changes to Facebook are rolled out daily.<ref name="Ars Technica BTS"/>

Facebook uses a combination platform based on [[HBase]] to store data across distributed machines. Using a tailing architecture, new events are stored in log files, and the logs are tailed. The system rolls these events up and writes them into storage. The user interface then pulls the data out and displays it to users. Facebook handles requests as [[Ajax (programming)|AJAX]] behavior. These requests are written to a log file using [[Scribe (log server)|Scribe]] (developed by Facebook).<ref name="high scalability">{{cite web |url=http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/3/22/facebooks-new-realtime-analytics-system-hbase-to-process-20.html |title=Facebook's New Real-time Analytics System: HBase To Process 20 Billion Events Per Day |publisher=Highscalability.com |date=March 22, 2011 |accessdate=December 26, 2012}}</ref>

Data is read from these log files using Ptail, an internally built tool to aggregate data from multiple Scribe stores. It tails the log files and pulls data out (thus the name). Ptail data are separated out into three streams so they can eventually be sent to their own clusters in different [[data center]]s (Plugin impression, News feed impressions, Actions (plugin + news feed)). Puma is used to manage periods of high data flow (Input/Output or IO). Data is processed in batches to lessen the number of times needed to read and write under high demand periods (A hot article will generate a lot of impressions and news feed impressions which will cause huge data skews). Batches are taken every 1.5 seconds, limited by memory used when creating a [[hash table]].<ref name="high scalability" />

After this, data is output in PHP format (compiled with [[HipHop for PHP]]). The backend is written in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and Thrift is used as the messaging format so PHP programs can query Java services. Caching solutions are used to make the web pages display more quickly. The more and longer data is cached the less realtime it is. The data is then sent to [[MapReduce]] servers so it can be queried via Hive. This also serves as a backup plan as the data can be recovered from Hive. Raw logs are removed after a period of time.<ref name="high scalability" />

On March 20, 2014, Facebook announced a new open-source programming language called [[Hack (programming language)|Hack]]. Before public release, a large portion of Facebook was already running and "battle tested" using the new language.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/03/facebook-hack/ |title=Facebook Introduces 'Hack', the Programming Language of the Future |date=March 20, 2014 |work=Wired |first=Cade |last=Metz}}</ref>

Facebook uses the Momentum platform from Message Systems to deliver the enormous volume of emails it sends to its users every day.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://fortune.com/2014/10/06/message-systems-email-provider/ |title=The biggest email provider you've never heard of |date=October 6, 2014 |work=Fortune |first=Heather |last=Clancy}}</ref>

===History===
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced "Facebook Beta", a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a cleaner look.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/idg/IDG_852573C4006938800025748D0064C292.html |title=Facebook Facelift Targets Aging Users and New Competitors |work=The New York Times |author=Havenstein, Heather |date=July 21, 2008}}</ref> After initially giving users a choice to switch, Facebook began migrating all users to the new version starting in September 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.new.facebook.com/blog.php?post=30074837130 |title=Moving to the new Facebook |publisher=The Facebook Blog |accessdate=September 12, 2008 |author=Slee, Mark |date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> On December 11, 2008, it was announced that Facebook was testing a simpler signup process.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |authorlink=Michael Arrington |title=Facebook Testing Even Simpler Sign Up; Closing The Gap With MySpace In The U.S. |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/12/11/facebook-testing-even-simpler-sign-up-closing-the-gap-with-myspace-in-the-us/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=December 11, 2008 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

===User profile/personal timeline===
[[File:Facebook (login, signup page).jpg|thumb|Facebook login/signup screen]]

Each registered user on Facebook gets their own personal profile that shows their posts and content.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kate |last=Knibbs |title=How Facebook's design has changed over the last 10 years |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/old-facebook-profiles-news-feeds/ |website=[[The Daily Dot]] |date=December 11, 2015 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> The format of individual user pages was revamped in September 2011 and became known as "Timeline", a chronological feed of a user's stories,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jacob |last=Schulman |title=Facebook introduces Timeline: 'a new way to express who you are' |url=https://www.theverge.com/2011/09/22/facebook-introduces-timeline-a-express-are |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 22, 2011 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Gayomali |title=Facebook Introduces 'Timeline': The 'Story' of Your Life |url=http://techland.time.com/2011/09/22/facebook-introduces-timeline-the-story-of-your-life/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 22, 2011 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> including status updates, photos, interactions with apps, and events.<ref name="TNW Timeline">{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Panzarino |title=Facebook introduces radical new profile design called Timeline: The story of your life [Video] |url=https://thenextweb.com/facebook/2011/09/22/facebook-introduces-timeline-the-story-of-your-life/ |website=The Next Web |date=September 22, 2011 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> The new layout also let users add a "cover photo", a large header image at the top of the Timeline.<ref name="TNW Timeline"/> Along with the new layout, users were also given more privacy settings to control the content on the Timeline.<ref name="TNW Timeline"/> In 2007, Facebook launched Facebook Pages for brands and celebrities to interact with their fanbase,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Weaver |title=The Evolution of Facebook for Brands |url=http://mashable.com/2012/03/30/facebook-for-brands/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Before Graph Search: Facebook's Biggest Changes |url=http://uk.pcmag.com/internet-products/58174/gallery/before-graph-search-facebooks-biggest-changes?p=3 |website=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> with more 100,000 Pages launched in November.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rob |last=Hof |title=Facebook Declares New Era for Advertising |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-11-05/facebook-declares-new-era-for-advertising |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=November 6, 2007 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> In June 2009, Facebook introduced a "Usernames" feature, allowing users to choose a unique nickname used in the [[Uniform resource locator|URL]] for their personal profile, for easier sharing.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Parr |title=Facebook to Launch Vanity URLs for All |url=http://mashable.com/2009/06/09/facebook-vanity-urls/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=June 9, 2009 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=O'Neill |title=Facebook Begins Rolling Out Free Profile Usernames For Vanity URLs |url=http://www.adweek.com/digital/facebook-begins-rolling-out-free-profile-usernames-for-vanity-urls/ |website=[[Adweek]] |publisher=Beringer Capital |date=June 9, 2009 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref>

In February 2014, Facebook expanded the options for a user's gender setting, adding a custom input field that allows users to choose from a wide range of gender identities. Users can also set which set of gender-specific pronoun should be used in reference to them throughout the site.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Jordan |last1=Crook |first2=Josh |last2=Constine |title=Facebook Opens Up LGBTQ-Friendly Gender Identity And Pronoun Options |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/13/facebook-gender-identity/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 13, 2014 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook expands gender options: transgender activists hail 'big advance' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/13/transgender-facebook-expands-gender-options |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=February 14, 2014 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Alexei |last=Oreskovic |title=In new profile feature, Facebook offers choices for gender identity |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-gender-idUSBREA1C1RU20140214 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=February 13, 2014 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> In May 2014, Facebook introduced a feature to allow users to ask for information not disclosed by other users on their profiles. If a user does not provide key information, such as location, hometown, or relationship status, other users can use a new "ask" button to send a message asking about that item to the user in a single click.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sam |last=Machkovech |title=Facebook adds naggy "ask" button to profile pages |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2014/05/facebook-introduces-naggy-ask-function-into-profile-pages/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=May 16, 2014 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Laura |last=Stampler |title=Facebook's New 'Ask' Button Gives You a Whole New Way to Badger Friends About Their Relationship Status |url=http://time.com/104720/facebooks-new-ask-button-gives-you-a-whole-new-way-to-badger-friends-about-their-relationship-status/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 19, 2014 |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref>

===News Feed===
{{Main|News Feed}}
On September 6, 2006, [[News Feed (Facebook)|News Feed]] was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays of the user's friends.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=2207967130 |title=Facebook Gets a Facelift |accessdate=February 11, 2008 |last=Sanghvi |first=Ruchi |date=September 6, 2006 |publisher=The Facebook Blog}}</ref> This enabled spammers and other users to manipulate these features by creating illegitimate events or posting fake birthdays to attract attention to their profile or cause.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.colnect.com/2010/03/facebook-celebrate-your-birthday-every.html |title=Facebook: Celebrate Your Birthday Every Day |publisher=Colnect blog |accessdate=March 9, 2010}}</ref> Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, others were concerned that it made it too easy for others to track individual activities (such as relationship status changes, events, and conversations with other users).<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=June 28, 2008 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2006/tc20060908_536553.htm |title=Facebook Learns from Its Fumble |work=BusinessWeek |location=New York |date=September 8, 2006 |author=Lacy, Sarah |authorlink=Sarah Lacy}}</ref> In response, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent user-set categories of friends from seeing updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=June 28, 2008 |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/ebusiness/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192700574 |title=Facebook Founder Apologizes In Privacy Flap; Users Given More Control |work=[[InformationWeek]] |location=New York |date=September 8, 2006 |author=Gonsalves, Antone}}</ref>

On February 23, 2010, Facebook was granted a patent<ref>{{cite patent |country=US |number=7669123 |status=patent}}</ref> on certain aspects of its News Feed. The patent covers News Feeds in which links are provided so that one user can participate in the same activity of another user.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://themelis-cuiper.com/22/us-patent-no-7669123.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515155132/http://themelis-cuiper.com/22/us-patent-no-7669123.html |archivedate=May 15, 2011 |title=US Patent No. 7669123 |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |publisher=Social Media |date=March 1, 2010}}</ref> The patent may encourage Facebook to pursue action against websites that violate its patent, which may potentially include websites such as [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/02/26/facebook.patent/index.html |title=Facebook's news-feed patent could mean lawsuits |work=CNN |date=February 26, 2010 |accessdate=July 12, 2010}}</ref> One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the [[Facebook features#Photo and video uploads|Photos]] application, where users can upload albums and photos.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |authorlink=Michael Arrington |title=Facebook Launches Facebook Platform; They are the Anti-MySpace |url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/05/24/facebook-launches-facebook-platform-they-are-the-anti-myspace/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=May 24, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other [[image hosting service]]s such as [[Photobucket]] and [[Flickr]], which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. During the first years, Facebook users were limited to 60 photos per album. As of May 2009, this limit has been increased to 200 photos per album.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=87157517130 |title=Share More Memories with Larger Photo Albums |accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=2305272732&topic=7363 |title=Upload: 60 or 200 photos in the same album? |accessdate=January 25, 2009 |publisher=Facebook |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029231740/https://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=2305272732&topic=7363 |archivedate=October 29, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=2305272732&topic=4947 |title=How can I add more than 60 photos to an album? |accessdate=January 25, 2009 |publisher=Facebook |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029231801/https://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=2305272732&topic=4947 |archivedate=October 29, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=2003726&l=5f3c8&id=1352160452 |title=Example of album from a regular user with a 200-photo limit |accessdate=January 25, 2009 |publisher=Facebook}}</ref>

Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos application is the ability to "[[tag (metadata)|tag]]", or label, users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that she has been tagged, and provides a link to see the photo.<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=March 15, 2008 |url=https://www.facebook.com/help.php?page=7 |title=Photos |publisher=Facebook |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731205244/https://www.facebook.com/help.php?page=7 |archivedate=July 31, 2008}}</ref> On June 7, 2012, Facebook launched its App Center to its users. It will help the users in finding games and other applications with ease.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/internet/Facebook-to-launch-App-Center/articleshow/13920641.cms |title=Facebook to launch App Center |date=June 8, 2012 |work=The Times Of India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608112718/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/internet/Facebook-to-launch-App-Center/articleshow/13920641.cms |archivedate=June 8, 2012}}</ref> Since the launch of the App Center, Facebook has seen 150M monthly users with 2.4 times the installation of apps.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ingrid |last=Lunden |title=Facebook Says It Now Has 235M Monthly Gamers, App Center Hits 150M Monthly Visitors |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/14/facebook-says-it-now-has-235m-monthly-gamers-app-center-hits-150m-monthly-users/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=August 14, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> The sorting and display of stories in a user's News Feed is governed by the [[EdgeRank]] algorithm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edgerank.net/ |title=EdgeRank |publisher=EdgeRank |date=October 29, 2007 |accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref>

On May 13, 2015, Facebook in association with major news portals launched a program "Instant Articles" to provide rich news experience. Instant articles provides users, access to articles on Facebook news feed without leaving the site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.fb.com/2015/05/12/instantarticles/ |title=Introducing Instant Articles – Facebook Media |work=fb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://previewtech.net/facebook-launches-instant-articles/ |title=Facebook launches "Instant Articles" |work=Preview Tech}}</ref> According to the technology news website [[Gizmodo]] on May 9, 2016, Facebook curators routinely suppress or promote news that is deemed to meet a political agenda. For example, articles about [[Black Lives Matter]] would be listed even if they did not meet the trending criteria of News Feed. Likewise, positive news about conservative political figures were regularly excised from Facebook pages.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/former-facebook-workers-we-routinely-suppressed-conser-1775461006/ |title=Former Facebook Workers: We Routinely Suppressed Conservative News}}</ref> In January 2017, Facebook launched Facebook Stories for iOS and Android in Ireland. The feature, following the format of Snapchat and Instagram stories, allows users to upload photos and videos that appear above friends' and followers' News Feeds and disappear after 24 hours.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Stories puts a Snapchat clone above the News Feed |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/25/facebook-stories/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

On October 11, 2017, Facebook introduced the [[Facebook 3D Posts|3D Posts]] feature to allow for uploading interactive 3D assets in the News Feed.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rachel |last=Franklin |title=Building Connections Through Creativity and Opening VR to Everyone |url=https://www.oculus.com/blog/building-connections-through-creativity-and-opening-vr-to-everyone/ |website=Oculus |date=October 11, 2017 |accessdate=February 28, 2018}}</ref> On January 11, 2018, Facebook announced that it would be changing its News Feed algorithm to prioritize what friends and family share and de-emphasize content from media companies. The change was intended to maximize the "meaningful interactions" that people have with content on Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/11/technology/facebook-news-feed.html |title=Facebook Overhauls News Feed to Focus on What Friends and Family Share |last=Isaac |first=Mike |date=2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=January 17, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Like button===
{{Main|Facebook like button}}
The "like" button, stylized as a "thumbs up" icon, was first enabled on February 9, 2009,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=Facebook Activates "Like" Button; FriendFeed Tires Of Sincere Flattery |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/02/09/facebook-activates-like-button-friendfeed-tires-of-sincere-flattery/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 9, 2009 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> and enables users to easily interact with status updates, comments, photos and videos, links shared by friends, and advertisements. Once clicked by a user, the designated content appears in the [[News Feed]]s of that user's friends,<ref>{{cite web |first=JP |last=Mangalindan |title=Facebook Likes don't go as far as they used to in News Feed update |url=http://mashable.com/2015/04/21/news-feed-facebook-likes/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=How Facebook News Feed Works |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/06/ultimate-guide-to-the-news-feed/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=September 6, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> and the button also displays the number of other users who have liked the content, including a full or partial list of those users.<ref>{{cite web |title=Like and React to Posts |url=https://www.facebook.com/help/1624177224568554/ |website=Facebook Help Center |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> The like button was extended to comments in June 2010.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chloe |last=Albanesius |title=Facebook Adds Ability to 'Like' Comments |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2365190,00.asp |website=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=June 17, 2010 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> After extensive testing<ref name="verge-reactions"/> and years of questions from the public about whether it had an intention to incorporate a "Dislike" button,<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Johnston |title=No dislike button for Facebook, declares Zuckerberg |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/12/no-dislike-button-for-facebook-declares-zuckerberg |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=December 12, 2014 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Facebook officially rolled out "Reactions" to users worldwide on February 24, 2016, letting users long-press on the like button for an option to use one of five pre-defined emotions, including "Love", "Haha", "Wow", "Sad", or "Angry".<ref name="verge-reactions">{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=Facebook rolls out expanded Like button reactions around the world |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/24/11094374/facebook-reactions-like-button |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=February 24, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Liz |last=Stinson |title=Facebook Reactions, the Totally Redesigned Like Button, Is Here |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/02/facebook-reactions-totally-redesigned-like-button |website=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=February 24, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Reactions were also extended to comments in May 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=Natt |last=Garun |title=Facebook reactions have now infiltrated comments |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/3/15536812/facebook-reactions-now-available-comments |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=May 3, 2017 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Cohen |title=Facebook Just Extended Reactions to Comments |url=http://www.adweek.com/digital/facebook-reactions-comments/ |website=[[Adweek]] |publisher=Beringer Capital |date=May 3, 2017 |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref>

===Instant messaging===
{{Main|Facebook Messenger}}
Facebook Messenger is an [[instant messaging]] service and software application. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Hendrickson |title=Facebook Chat Launches, For Some |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/04/06/facebook-chat-enters-pre-release-beta/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=April 6, 2008 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> the company revamped its messaging service in 2010,<ref>{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=Facebook's Modern Messaging System: Seamless, History, And A Social Inbox |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/11/15/facebook-messaging/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=November 15, 2010 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and subsequently released standalone [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] apps in August 2011.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=Facebook Launches Standalone iPhone/Android Messenger App (And It's Beluga) |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/08/09/facebook-launches-standalone-mobile-messenger-app-and-it%E2%80%99s-beluga/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=August 9, 2011 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> Over the years, Facebook has released new apps on a variety of different operating systems,<ref>{{cite web |first=Emil |last=Protalinski |title=Facebook Messenger version 1.5 is out: BlackBerry, iOS 5 support |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/facebook-messenger-version-1-5-is-out-blackberry-ios-5-support/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Fingas |title=Facebook Messenger arrives for Windows Phone sans voice features |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/03/04/facebook-messenger-arrives-for-windows-phone/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=March 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Adnan |last=F. |title=Official Facebook Messenger and Instagram apps arrive for Samsung Z1 |url=https://www.sammobile.com/2015/07/13/official-facebook-messenger-and-instagram-apps-arrive-for-samsung-z1/ |website=SamMobile |date=July 13, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> launched a dedicated [[Web application|website interface]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Facebook launches standalone Messenger for web browsers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/8/8371349/facebook-messenger-web-browsers-now-available |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 8, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and separated the messaging functionality from the main Facebook app, requiring users to download the standalone apps.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ellis |last=Hamburger |title=Facebook will turn off messaging in its mobile app, forcing you to download Messenger |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/4/9/5598440/facebook-will-turn-off-messaging-in-its-mobile-app-forcing-you-to-download-messenger |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 9, 2014 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref>

Facebook Messenger lets Facebook users send messages to each other. Complementing regular conversations, Messenger lets users make [[Voice over IP|voice calls]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Ellis |last=Hamburger |title=Facebook launches free calling for all iPhone users in the US |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/16/3883538/facebook-launches-free-calling-in-messenger-for-iphone-us |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=January 16, 2013 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and [[Videotelephony|video calls]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Messenger Launches Free VOIP Video Calls Over Cellular And Wi-Fi |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/27/facebook-messenger-video-chat/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=April 27, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> both in one-to-one interactions<ref>{{cite web |first=Hope |last=King |title=Facebook Messenger now lets you make video calls |url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/27/technology/facebook-messenger-mobile-video-call/ |website=[[CNN]] |date=April 27, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and in group conversations.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Statt |title=Facebook Messenger now lets you video chat with up to 50 people |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/19/14006752/facebook-messenger-group-video-chat-feature-update |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> Its Android app has integrated support for [[SMS]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Charles |last=Arthur |title=Facebook turns Messenger into a text message killer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/04/facebook-messenger-android-sms-killer |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=December 4, 2012 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and "Chat Heads", which are round profile photo icons appearing on-screen regardless of what app is open,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chat Heads come to Facebook Messenger for Android |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/4/12/4216838/facebook-updates-messenger-adds-chat-heads |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 12, 2013 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> while both apps support multiple accounts,<ref>{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=Facebook Tests SMS Integration In Messenger, Launches Support For Multiple Accounts |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/02/11/facebook-tests-sms-integration-in-messenger-launches-support-for-multiple-accounts/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 11, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> conversations with optional [[end-to-end encryption]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Andy |last=Greenberg |title=You Can All Finally Encrypt Facebook Messenger, So Do It |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/10/facebook-completely-encrypted-messenger-update-now/ |website=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and playing "Instant Games", which are select games built into Messenger.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Messenger launches Instant Games |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/29/messenger-instant-games/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=November 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> Some features, including sending money<ref name="US-feature">{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Introduces Free Friend-To-Friend Payments Through Messages |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/17/facebook-pay/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=March 17, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and requesting transportation,<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew J. |last=Hawkins |title=Facebook Messenger now lets you hail an Uber car |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/16/10303878/facebook-messenger-uber-app-integration-API |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=December 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> are limited to the United States.<ref name="US-feature"/> In 2017, Facebook has added "Messenger Day", a feature that lets users share photos and videos in a story-format with all their friends with the content disappearing after 24 hours;<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Facebook's Snapchat stories clone, Messenger Day, is now rolling out globally |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/9/14867192/facebook-messenger-snapchat-stories-clone-day |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=March 9, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> Reactions, which lets users tap and hold a message to add a reaction through an [[emoji]];<ref name="verge-mentions">{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Facebook Messenger gets reactions for individual messages and @ notifications |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/23/15033810/facebook-messenger-notifications-reactions |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=March 23, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and Mentions, which lets users in group conversations type @ to give a particular user a notification.<ref name="verge-mentions"/>

In March 2015, Facebook announced that it would start letting businesses and users interact through Messenger with features such as tracking purchases and receiving notifications, and interacting with customer service representatives. It also announced that third-party developers could integrate their apps into Messenger, letting users enter an app while inside Messenger and optionally share details from the app into a chat.<ref>{{cite web |first=Hope |last=King |title=7 big changes coming to Facebook |url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/03/25/technology/facebook-f8-messenger/ |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 25, 2015 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> In April 2016, it introduced an [[API]] for developers to build [[Software agent|chatbots]] into Messenger, for uses such as news publishers building bots to give users news through the service,<ref>{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=Facebook launches a bot platform for Messenger |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/12/11395806/facebook-messenger-bot-platform-announced-f8-conference |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 12, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and in April 2017, it enabled the [[M (virtual assistant)|M virtual assistant]] for users in the U.S., which scans chats for keywords and suggests relevant actions, such as its payments system for users mentioning money.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Statt |title=Facebook's AI assistant will now offer suggestions inside Messenger |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/6/15200836/facebook-messenger-m-suggestions-ai-assisant |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 6, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Messenger's AI 'M' suggests features to use based on your convos |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/06/facebook-messengers-ai-m-suggests-features-to-use-based-on-your-convos/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=April 6, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref> Additionally, Facebook expanded the use of bots, incorporating group chatbots into Messenger as "Chat Extensions", adding a "Discovery" tab for finding bots, and enabling special, branded [[QR code]]s that, when scanned, take the user to a specific bot.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Messenger launches group bots and bot discovery tab |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/facebook-bot-discovery/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=April 18, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2017}}</ref>

===Following===
On September 14, 2011, Facebook added the ability for users to provide a "Subscribe" button on their page, which allows users to subscribe to public postings by the user without needing to add him or her as a friend.<ref>{{cite web |author=Meghan Peters |url=http://mashable.com/2011/09/15/facebook-subscribe-users/ |title=Facebook Subscribe Button: What It Means for Each Type of User |publisher=Mashable.com |date=September 15, 2011 |accessdate=April 29, 2012}}</ref> In conjunction, Facebook also introduced a system in February 2012 to verify the identity of certain accounts.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook Launches Verified Accounts and Pseudonyms |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/15/facebook-verified-accounts-alternate-names/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> In December 2012, Facebook announced that because of user confusion surrounding its function, the Subscribe button would be re-labeled as a "Follow" button{{emdash}}making it more similar to other social networks with similar functions.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ellis |last=Hamburger |title=Facebook snubs 'Subscribe' button in favor of Twitter-esque 'Follow' on all profile pages |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/12/5/3731986/facebook-like-follow |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=December 5, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

===Comparison with Myspace===
The media often compares Facebook to [[Myspace]], but one significant difference between the two Web sites is the level of customization.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=March 8, 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/25/technology/25social.html |title=Facebook Expands Into MySpace's Territory |work=The New York Times |author=Stone, Brad |date=May 25, 2007}}</ref> Another difference is Facebook's requirement that users give their true identity, a demand that MySpace does not make.<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=September 10, 2010 |url=http://mobilitytoday.com/news/009500/facebook_connect_mt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024033731/http://mobilitytoday.com/news/009500/facebook_connect_mt |archivedate=October 24, 2010 |title=Facebook Connect fully integrated into Mobility Today |publisher=Mobility Today Fitness |date=May 7, 2009 |author=Ciccone, David}}</ref> MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using [[HTML]] and [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS), while Facebook allows only [[plain text]].<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=April 30, 2008 |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,134635-c,categories/article.html |title=Is Facebook the New MySpace? |work=[[PC World]] |location=San Francisco |date=July 24, 2007 |author=Sullivan, Mark}}</ref> Facebook has a number of features with which users may interact. They include the [[Tag (Facebook)|Wall]], a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see;<ref name="off">{{cite web |last=Der |first=Kevin |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=3532972130 |title=Facebook is off-the-wall |accessdate=July 30, 2007 |publisher=The Facebook Blog}}</ref> [[Super Poke|Pokes]], which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification then tells a user that he or she has been poked);<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=March 9, 2008 |url=https://www.facebook.com/help/?faq=210552142308915&ref_query=pok |title=Inbox, Messages and Pokes |publisher=Facebook}}</ref> [[Facebook features#Photo and video uploads|Photos]], that allows users to upload albums and photos;<ref name="gifts">{{cite web |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=2406207130 |accessdate=March 5, 2008 |title=The Facebook Gifts |publisher=Facebook}}</ref> and [[Facebook features#Status updates|Status]], which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,25642,22822400-5014108,00.html |title=Facebook is  ... reconsidering the word "is" |accessdate=March 8, 2008 |work=news.com.au Technology blog |first=Andrew |last=Ramadge |date=November 26, 2007 |location=Sydney |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128222428/http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0%2C25642%2C22822400-5014108%2C00.html |archivedate=November 28, 2007 |df=}}</ref> Facebook also allows users to tag various people in photographs. Depending on privacy settings, anyone who can see a user's profile can also view that user's Wall. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.<ref name="off" /> Facebook also differs from Myspace in the form of advertising used. Facebook uses advertising in the form of banner ads, referral marketing, and games. Myspace, on the other hand, uses [[Google]] and [[AdSense]].<ref name="diffen.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.diffen.com/difference/Facebook_vs_MySpace |title=Facebook vs MySpace – Difference and Comparison – Diffen |work=diffen.com}}</ref> There is also a difference in the userbase of each site. MySpace, initially, was much more popular with high school students, while Facebook was more popular among college students. A study by the American firm Nielsen Claritas showed that Facebook users are more inclined to use other professional networking sites, such as [[LinkedIn]], than Myspace users.<ref name="diffen.com" />

===Privacy===
[[File:Prism-slide-8.jpg|thumb|[[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM]]: a [[clandestine operation|clandestine]] [[global surveillance|surveillance]] program under which the [[National Security Agency|NSA]] collects user data from companies like Facebook and Yahoo!.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964 |title=Edward Snowden: Leaks that exposed US spy programme |work=[[BBC News]] |date=January 17, 2014}}</ref>]]

Facebook enables users to choose their own privacy settings and choose who can see specific parts of their profile.<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=June 13, 2009 |url=https://www.facebook.com/privacy/?view=search |title=Search Privacy |publisher=Facebook}}</ref> The website is free to its users and generates revenue from advertising, such as [[Web banner|banner ads]].<ref name="tc">{{cite news |accessdate=March 9, 2008 |url=http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9588_22-6066533.html |title=Facebook goes corporate |work=[[ZDNet]] News |date=April 28, 2006 |author=Barton, Zoe |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526001748/http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9588_22-6066533.html |archivedate=May 26, 2008 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> Facebook requires a user's name and profile picture (if applicable) to be accessible by everyone. Users can control who sees other information they have shared, as well as who can find them in searches, through their privacy settings.<ref name="Choose Your Privacy Settings">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/settings/?tab=privacy |title=Choose Your Privacy Settings |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=September 10, 2009}}</ref> On November 6, 2007, Facebook launched [[Facebook Beacon]], which was a part of Facebook's advertisement system until it was discontinued in 2009. Its purpose was to allow targeted advertisements and allowing users to share their activities with their friends.

In 2010, Facebook's security team began expanding its efforts to reduce the risks to users' privacy,<ref name="revealed">{{cite web |title=Revealed: Which social networks pose the biggest risk? |url=http://www.sophos.com/blogs/gc/g/2010/02/01/revealed-social-networks-pose-biggest-risk/ |publisher=[[Sophos]] |last=Cluley |first=Graham |date=February 1, 2010 |accessdate=July 12, 2010}}</ref> but [[Criticism of Facebook#Privacy concerns|privacy concerns]] remain.<ref name="liebertpub1">{{cite journal |doi=10.1089/cyber.2012.0323 |pmid=23374170 |title=Who Commits Virtual Identity Suicide? Differences in Privacy Concerns, Internet Addiction, and Personality Between Facebook Users and Quitters |journal=Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=629–34 |year=2013 |last1=Stieger |first1=Stefan |last2=Burger |first2=Christoph |last3=Bohn |first3=Manuel |last4=Voracek |first4=Martin }}</ref> Since 2010, the US [[National Security Agency]] has been taking publicly posted profile information from Facebook, among other social media services, user profiles to discover who they interact with.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/30/us/nsa-social-networks/index.html |title=NSA mines Facebook, including Americans' profiles |first1=David |last1=Simpson |first2=Pamela |last2=Brown |work=cnn.com |date=September 30, 2013 |accessdate=September 30, 2013}}</ref>

On November 29, 2011, Facebook settled [[Federal Trade Commission]] charges that it deceived consumers by failing to keep privacy promises.<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=November 29, 2011 |url=http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2011/11/privacysettlement.shtm |title=Facebook Settles FTC Charges That It Deceived Consumers By Failing To Keep Privacy Promises |work=[[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]] |date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> In August 2013 [[High-Tech Bridge]] published a study showing that links included in Facebook messaging service messages were being accessed by Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.htbridge.com/news/social_networks_can_robots_violate_user_privacy.html |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20140103153742/https://www.htbridge.com/news/social_networks_can_robots_violate_user_privacy.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 3, 2014 |title=Social networks: can robots violate user privacy? |date=August 27, 2013 |accessdate=January 5, 2014 }}</ref> In January 2014 two users filed a lawsuit against Facebook alleging that their privacy had been violated by this practice.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Van Grove |first1=Jennifer |title=Facebook sued for allegedly intercepting private messages |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/facebook-sued-for-allegedly-intercepting-private-messages/ |website=[[CNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate=March 16, 2015 |date=January 2, 2014}}</ref>

In April 2018, in the wake of the [[#Cambridge Analytica|Cambridge Analytica data breach scandal]], and refuting a report to the contrary by [[Reuters]], Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook would implement additional privacy "controls and settings" worldwide.<ref name="guar1">{{cite news |last1=Solon |first1=Olivia |title=Fact-checking Mark Zuckerberg's testimony about Facebook privacy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/11/fact-checking-mark-zuckerberg-testimony-congress |accessdate=June 29, 2018 |publisher=The Guardian |date=April 12, 2018}}</ref> These settings were originally intended for deployment in Europe in order to comply with the European Union's [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR), which took effect in May.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/04/zuckerberg-gdpr/ |title=Zuckerberg says Facebook will offer GDPR privacy controls everywhere |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US|access-date=April 4, 2018}}</ref> In the lead-up to its implementation, Facebook also changed its terms of service and privacy policy to specify that users within the European Union are served by Facebook Ireland, Ltd., while users outside of the EU are served by Facebook Inc., which is subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Previously, all users outside of Canada and the United States were served by Facebook Ireland, Ltd., which would make an additional 1.5 billion users subject to EU law in their use of Facebook than legally needed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/04/facebook-removes-1-5-billion-users-from-protection-of-eu-privacy-law/|title=Facebook removes 1.5 billion users from protection of EU privacy law|work=Ars Technica|access-date=April 21, 2018|language=en-us}}</ref>

In the aftermath of the breach, Facebook withdrew its opposition to the [[California Consumer Privacy Act]]. Facebook, Google, Comcast, AT&T, and Verizon had previously donated $200,000 each to a $1 million fund dedicated to opposing of the [[ballot measure]]. The Committee to Protect California jobs, which opposed the ballot question and is sponsored by the [[California Chamber of Commerce]] told ''Ars Technica'' that "Facebook has NOT dropped its opposition to the measure". According to the Committee Facebook "simply formally dropped their participation in the 'no' campaign."<ref>{{cite web |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |title=Facebook exits anti-privacy alliance it formed with Comcast and Google |work=Ars Technica |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |date=April 12, 2018 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/04/facebook-donated-200000-to-kill-a-privacy-law-but-now-its-backtracking/}}</ref>

On September 28, 2018, Facebook saw a drop in its share price by 3% due to a major breach in its security, exposing the data of 50 million users. The data breach started July 2017 created by a change to a Facebook video uploading feature, but wasn't discovered until September 16, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/28/everything-you-need-to-know-about-facebooks-data-breach-affecting-50m-users/|title=Everything you need to know about Facebook's data breach affecting 50M users|work=TechCrunch|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> The attackers are said to have exploited a vulnerability in the "view as" profile feature to gain illegal access to users' accounts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45686890|title=Facebook security breach: Up to 50m accounts attacked|work=BBC News|accessdate=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2018/10/04/security-failure-at-facebook-what-we-know/|title=Security failure at Facebook - what we know|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=October 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Facebook said that users affected by the exploit would be notified and logged out of their accounts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/technology/facebook-hack-data-breach.html|title=Facebook Security Breach Exposes Accounts of 50 Million Users|last=Isaac|first=Mike|date=September 28, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 29, 2018|last2=Frenkel|first2=Sheera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/28/facebook-50-million-user-accounts-security-berach|title=Facebook says nearly 50m users compromised in huge security breach|last=Wong|first=Julia Carrie|date=September 28, 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=September 29, 2018}}</ref>

In October 2018 a Texas woman sued Facebook, claiming she had been recruited into the sex trade at the age of 15 by a man who "friended" her on the social media network. Facebook responded that it works both internally and externally to ban sex traffickers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sex-trafficking-facebook-lawsuit/woman-sues-facebook-claims-site-enabled-sex-trafficking-idUSKCN1MD080|title=Woman sues Facebook, claims site enabled sex trafficking|last=Whitcomb|first=Dan|work=U.S.|access-date=October 4, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sex-trafficking-facebook-lawsuit/facebook-responding-to-lawsuit-says-sex-trafficking-banned-on-site-idUSKCN1ME038|title=Facebook, responding to lawsuit, says sex trafficking banned on site|last=Whitcomb|first=Dan|work=U.S.|access-date=October 4, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Facebook Bug Bounty Program===
[[File:Facebook t-shirt with whitehat debit card for Hackers.jpg|thumb|A Facebook "[[White hat (computer security)|White Hat]]" debit card, given to researchers who report [[security bug]]s.]]

On July 29, 2011, Facebook announced its Bug Bounty Program in which security researchers will be paid a minimum of $500 for reporting security holes on Facebook's website. Facebook's Whitehat page for security researchers says: "If you give us a reasonable time to respond to your report before making any information public and make a good faith effort to avoid privacy violations, destruction of data, and interruption or degradation of our service during your research, we will not bring any lawsuit against you or ask law enforcement to investigate you."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://facebook.com/whitehat |title=Facebook |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=August 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2389460,00.asp |title=Facebook Offers $500 Bounty for Reporting Bugs: Why So Cheap |publisher=PC Magazine |accessdate=January 18, 2015}}</ref>

Facebook started paying researchers who find and report security bugs by issuing them custom branded "White Hat" debit cards that can be reloaded with funds each time the researchers discover new flaws. "Researchers who find bugs and security improvements are rare, and we value them and have to find ways to reward them," Ryan McGeehan, former manager of Facebook's security response team, told CNET in an interview. "Having this exclusive black card is another way to recognize them. They can show up at a conference and show this card and say 'I did special work for Facebook.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/facebook-hands-out-white-hat-debit-cards-to-hackers/ |title=Facebook hands out White Hat debit cards to hackers |publisher=[[CNET]] |accessdate=January 18, 2015}}</ref>

India, which has the second largest number of bug hunters in the world,<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Security Researchers tops Facebook Bug Bounty Program |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-dna-special-indians-are-worlds-top-bug-bounty-hunters-1884018 |work=DNA Newspaper}}</ref> tops the Facebook Bug Bounty Program with the largest number of valid bugs. "Researchers in Russia earned the highest amount per the report in 2013, receiving an average of $3,961 for 38 bugs. India contributed the largest number of valid bugs at 136, with an average reward of $1,353. The U.S. reported 92 issues and averaged $2,272 in rewards. Brazil and the UK were third and fourth by volume, with 53 bugs and 40 bugs, respectively, and average rewards of $3,792 and $2,950", Facebook quoted in a post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bug Bounty |first1=Facebook |title=Facebook Bug Bounty |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-bug-bounty/bug-bounty-highlights-and-updates/818902394790655 |publisher=Facebook Security |accessdate=April 3, 2014}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[File:Most popular social networking sites by country.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|{{legend-table|lang=en|title=Most popular social networking sites by country in 2015
|#3b5998|Facebook
|#5ea9dd|[[Twitter]]
|#965220|[[VK (social networking)|VKontakte]]
|#de2910|[[Qzone|QZone]]
|#f2720c|[[Odnoklassniki]]
|#229340|Facenama
|#e0e0e0|no data
}}]]

===User growth===
CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced in August 2008 that Facebook had passed 100 million registered users.<ref>{{cite web |first=Stan |last=Schroeder |title=Facebook's 100 Million Users: How Much are They Worth? |url=http://mashable.com/2008/08/26/facebook-100-million-users/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=August 26, 2008 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> This increased to 150 million "active" users in January 2009. Stan Schroeder of ''[[Mashable]]'' questioned how the measurement of "active" was made, though acknowledging that "it probably means that users who've just created an account which sits idle for a long period of time aren't included".<ref>{{cite web |first=Stan |last=Schroeder |title=Facebook Has 150 Million Active Users. Whoa. |url=http://mashable.com/2009/01/07/facebook-150-million-users/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=January 7, 2009 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> The number of users continued to grow, reaching 250 million in July 2009,<ref>{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |title=Facebook's {{sic|Off|ical |nolink=y}} User Count Now 250 Million |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/07/15/facebooks-offical-user-count-now-250-million/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 15, 2009 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> 300 million in September 2009,<ref>{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=Facebook Crosses 300 Million Users. Oh Yeah, And They Just Went Cash Flow Positive. |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/09/15/facebook-crosses-300-million-users-oh-yeah-and-their-cash-flow-just-went-positive/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=September 15, 2009 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> 400 million in February 2010,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=As It Celebrates Its Sixth Birthday, Facebook Surges To 400 Million Users |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/02/04/as-it-celebrates-its-sixth-birthday-facebook-surges-to-400-million-users/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 4, 2010 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> and 500 million in July 2010.<ref name="500 million">{{cite web |first=Robin |last=Wauters |title=Zuckerberg Makes It Official: Facebook Hits 500 Million Members |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/21/facebook-500-million/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 21, 2010 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> According to the company's data at the July 2010 announcement, half of the site's membership used Facebook daily, for an average of 34 minutes, while 150 million users accessed the site by mobile. A company representative called the milestone a "quiet revolution."<ref name="Quiet revolution">{{cite web |first1=Charles |last1=Arthur |first2=Jemima |last2=Kiss |title=Facebook reaches 500 million users |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/jul/21/facebook-500-million-users |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=July 21, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

Mark Zuckerberg announced to the media at the start of October 2012 that Facebook had passed the monthly active users mark of one billion.<ref name="One billion users">{{cite web |first1=Aaron |last1=Smith |first2=Laurie |last2=Segal |first3=Stacy |last3=Cowley |title=Facebook reaches one billion users |url=http://money.cnn.com/2012/10/04/technology/facebook-billion-users/ |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 4, 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jemima |last=Kiss |title=Facebook hits 1 billion users a month |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/oct/04/facebook-hits-billion-users-a-month |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=October 4, 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> The company's data also revealed 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads, and 140 billion friend connections.<ref name="Billion statistics">{{cite web |first=Daniel |last=Ionescu |title=Facebook rules the social networking world with 1 billion users |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2011123/facebook-rules-the-social-networking-world-with-1-billion-users.html |website=[[PC World]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |date=October 4, 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> This continued to grow, reaching 1.19 billion monthly active users in October 2013,<ref>{{cite web |first=Emil |last=Protalinski |title=Facebook passes 1.19 billion monthly active users, 874 million mobile users, and 728 million daily users |url=https://thenextweb.com/facebook/2013/10/30/facebook-passes-1-19-billion-monthly-active-users-874-million-mobile-users-728-million-daily-users/ |website=The Next Web |date=October 30, 2013 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> 1.44 billion users in April 2015, of which 1.25 billion were mobile users,<ref>{{cite web |first=Emil |last=Protalinski |title=Facebook passes 1.44B monthly active users and 1.25B mobile users; 65% are now daily users |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/22/facebook-passes-1-44b-monthly-active-users-1-25b-mobile-users-and-936-million-daily-users/ |website=[[VentureBeat]] |date=April 22, 2015 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> 1.71 billion users in July 2016,<ref>{{cite web |first=Seth |last=Fiegerman |title=Facebook is unstoppable |url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/07/27/technology/facebook-earnings-high-expectations/ |website=[[CNN]] |date=July 27, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> 1.94 billion users in March 2017,<ref>{{cite web |first=Seth |last=Fiegerman |title=Facebook tops 1.9 billion monthly users |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/05/03/technology/facebook-earnings/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 3, 2017 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> and ultimately 2 billion users in June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Facebook crosses 2 billion monthly users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/27/15880494/facebook-2-billion-monthly-users-announced |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=Facebook now has 2 billion monthly users ... and responsibility |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/27/facebook-2-billion-users/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 27, 2017 |accessdate=July 1, 2017}}</ref>

Early in 2015, it was reported that teenagers preferred competing web sites such as [[Instagram]] and [[Snapchat]]. The estimated number of teens leaving Facebook was a million per year.<ref name=wash>{{cite news |first=Nico |last=Lang |title=Why teens are leaving Facebook: It's 'meaningless' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/02/21/why-teens-are-leaving-facebook-its-meaningless/ |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=February 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 4, 2018}}</ref>

In November 2015, after skepticism about the accuracy of its "monthly active users" measurement, Facebook changed its definition of an "active user", now defining it as a logged-in member who visits the Facebook site through the web browser or mobile app, or uses the [[Facebook Messenger]] app, in the last 30 days of the date of measurement. This excludes the use of third-party services with Facebook integration, which was previously counted.<ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Cohen |title=Facebook Changes Definition of Monthly Active Users |url=http://www.adweek.com/digital/monthly-active-users-definition-revised/ |website=[[Adweek]] |publisher=Beringer Capital |date=November 6, 2015 |accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref>

<gallery widths="350" heights="240">
File:Facebook popularity.PNG|Facebook popularity. Active users of Facebook increased from just a million in 2004 to over 750 million in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics |title=Facebook Statistics |publisher=Facebook.com |accessdate=December 21, 2011}}</ref>
Population pyramid of Facebook users by age.png|[[Population pyramid]] of Facebook users by age {{as of|2010|January|1|lc=y|df=US}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidefacebook.com/2010/01/04/december-data-on-facebook%E2%80%99s-us-growth-by-age-and-gender-beyond-100-million/ |title=December Data on Facebook's US Growth by Age and Gender: Beyond 100 Million – Inside Facebook |work=Inside Facebook |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>
</gallery>

===Statistics===
According to analytics firm [[comScore]], Facebook is the leading social networking site based on monthly unique visitors, having overtaken its main competitor at the time, [[MySpace]], in April 2008.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |authorlink=Michael Arrington |title=Facebook No Longer The Second Largest Social Network |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/06/12/facebook-no-longer-the-second-largest-social-network/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 12, 2008 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Caroline |last=McCarthy |title=ComScore: Facebook is beating MySpace worldwide |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/comscore-facebook-is-beating-myspace-worldwide/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=June 20, 2008 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref> comScore reported that Facebook attracted over 130 million unique visitors in May 2010, an increase of 8.6 million people.<ref>{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |title=Privacy, Schmivacy: Facebook Is Attracting Near-Record Numbers Of New Visitors |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/06/07/privacy-facebook-visitors/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 7, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> According to third-party [[web analytics]] providers, [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] and [[SimilarWeb]], Facebook is ranked second and first globally respectively, it is the highest-read social network on the Web, with over 20 billion visitors per month, {{as of|2015|lc=y}}.<ref name="alexaranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/www.facebook.com |title=facebook.com Site Overview |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=June 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name="similarranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.similarweb.com/website/facebook.com |title=Facebook.com Analytics |publisher=[[SimilarWeb]] |accessdate=June 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.similarweb.com/category/internet_and_telecom/social_network |title=Top 50 sites in the world for Internet And Telecom > Social Network |publisher=[[SimilarWeb]] |accessdate=June 29, 2015}}</ref> [[SimilarWeb]], [[Quantcast]], and [[Compete.com]] all rank the website 2nd in the U.S. in traffic.<ref name="similarranking" /><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=September 9, 2010 |url=http://www.quantcast.com/facebook.com |title=Facebook.com Web Site Audience Profile |publisher=[[Quantcast]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=September 9, 2010 |url=http://blog.compete.com/2010/02/17/we%E2%80%99re-number-two-facebook-moves-up-one-big-spot-in-the-charts/ |title=We're Number Two! Facebook moves up one big spot in the charts |publisher=[[Compete.com]]}}</ref> The website is the most popular for uploading photos, cumulatively with 50 billion uploaded.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=September 9, 2010 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2010-07-21-facebook-hits-500-million-users_N.htm |title=Status update: Facebook logs 500 million members |work=USA Today |location=Washington DC |date=July 22, 2010 |author=McGrath, Kristin}}</ref> In 2010, [[Sophos]]'s "Security Threat Report 2010" polled over 500 firms, 60% of which responded that they believed Facebook was the social network that "posed the biggest threat to security", well ahead of MySpace, Twitter, and [[LinkedIn]].<ref name="revealed" />

Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several [[List of countries where English is an official language|English-speaking countries]], including Canada,<ref name="canada">{{cite web |url=http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Most-Internet-Users-Canada-Dedicated-Using-Facebook-Daily/1014121 |title=Most Internet users in Canada dedicated to using Facebook daily |publisher=Emarketer |date=June 22, 2016 |accessdate=September 23, 2016}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref name="uk">{{cite news |accessdate=April 30, 2008 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/09/25/nface125.xml |title=Facebook is UK's biggest networking site |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=September 26, 2007 |author=Malkin, Bonnie |location=London}}</ref> and the United States.<ref>{{cite news |first=Doug |last=Caverly |title=comScore: Facebook Catches MySpace in U.S |url=http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2009/06/16/comscore-facebook-catches-myspace-in-us |work=WebProNews |publisher=iEntry Network |date=June 16, 2009 |accessdate=September 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook grows as MySpace cuts back |url=http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2009/06/15/daily47.html |work=Atlanta Business Chronicle |date=June 17, 2009 |quote=The Conference Board report on first quarter online users in the U.S. showed Facebook with an even larger lead, with 78 percent of social network participants, followed by MySpace (42 percent), [[LinkedIn]] (17 percent) and Twitter (10 percent). |accessdate=September 24, 2009 |first=Steven E.F. |last=Brown}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Cara |last=Wood |title=Keeping pace with mainstream social media |url=http://www.dmnews.com/keeping-pace-with-mainstream-social-media/article/147429/ |work=Direct Marketing News |location=New York |date=August 31, 2009 |quote=The giant in the space remains Facebook, which gets 87.7 million unique viewers per month, according to ComScore. MySpace, with nearly 70 million unique monthly visitors, has seen growth stagnate over the past year. |accessdate=September 24, 2009}}</ref> However, Facebook still receives limited adoption in countries such as Japan, where domestically created social networks are still largely preferred.<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking at 2013's Japanese social-media scene |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2013/12/17/digital/looking-at-2013s-japanese-social-media-scene-3/ |accessdate=December 27, 2013 |newspaper=The Japan Times |date=December 17, 2013 |author=AKKY AKIMOTO}}</ref> In regional Internet markets, penetration on Facebook is highest in North America (69 percent), followed by Middle East-Africa (67 percent), Latin America (58 percent), Europe (57 percent), and Asia-Pacific (17 percent).<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=September 23, 2008 |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-20011158-36.html |title=Who will be Facebook's next 500 million? |work=CNET |date=July 21, 2010 |author=McCarthy, Caroline |location=New York}}</ref> Some of the top competitors were listed in 2007 by [[Mashable]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostrow |first=Adam |title=Copycats: Top 10 International Facebook Clones |publisher=[[Mashable]] |url=http://mashable.com/2007/07/11/10-facebook-clones/ |date=July 11, 2007 |accessdate=November 14, 2012}}</ref>

===Awards and recognition===
The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by ''[[PC Magazine]]'' in 2007,<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=May 9, 2008 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2169354,00.asp |title=Social Networking |work=[[PC Magazine]] |date=August 13, 2007}}</ref> and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the [[Webby Award]]s in 2008.<ref name="webby">{{cite web |accessdate=May 6, 2008 |url=http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php?season=12 |title=12th Annual Webby Awards Nominees |publisher=[[International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926024111/http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php?season=12 |archivedate=September 26, 2010}}</ref> In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the "second most popular thing among undergraduates," tied with beer and only ranked lower than the [[iPod]].<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=March 10, 2008 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,198632,00.html |title=Survey: College Kids Like IPods Better Than Beer |work=Fox News |date=June 8, 2006}}</ref>

In 2010, Facebook won the [[TechCrunch|Crunchie]] "Best Overall Startup Or Product" award<ref>{{cite web |first=Anthony |last=Ha |title=Congratulations to Facebook, Bing, and the other Crunchies winners |url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/01/11/crunchies-winners-facebook-bing/ |website=[[VentureBeat]] |date=January 11, 2010 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref> for the third year in a row.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=Congratulations Crunchies Winners! Facebook Takes Best Overall For The Hat Trick |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/08/crunchies-winner/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=January 8, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref> However, in a July 2010 survey performed by the [[American Customer Satisfaction Index]], Facebook received a score of 64 out of 100, placing it in the bottom 5% of all private-sector companies in terms of customer satisfaction, alongside industries such as the [[IRS e-file]] system, airlines, and [[cable companies]]. The reasons why Facebook scored so poorly include privacy problems, frequent changes to the website's interface, the results returned by the News Feed, and spam.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geoffrey A. |last=Fowler |title=Users Rate Facebook Slightly Above the Tax Man |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/07/20/users-rate-facebook-slightly-above-the-tax-man/ |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company]] |date=July 20, 2010 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref>

In December 2008, the [[Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory]] ruled that Facebook is a valid [[protocol (diplomacy)|protocol]] to serve court notices to defendants. It is believed to be the world's first legal judgement that defines a [[summons]] posted on Facebook as legally binding.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2008/12/16/1229189579001.html |title=Lawyers to serve notices on Facebook |work=The Age |location=Melbourne |date=December 16, 2008 |accessdate=March 23, 2010 |first=Noel |last=Towell}}</ref> In March 2009, the New Zealand High Court associate justice David Gendall allowed for the serving of legal papers on Craig Axe by the company Axe Market Garden via Facebook.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/web/kiwis-follow-australian-facebook-precedent/2009/03/16/1237054723620.html |title=Kiwi judge follows Australian Facebook precedent |work=The Age |location=Melbourne |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=March 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20090405104820309C778226&em=197599a6a20090405ah |title=Facebook trap criminals in its web |author=Peters, Melanie |work=Independent Online |location=Cape Town |date=April 5, 2009}}</ref> Employers have also used Facebook as a means to keep tabs on their employees and have even been known to fire them over posts they have made.<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch out! Bosses are saving money by firing employees over Facebook posts |author=Cochran, Jason |date=November 6, 2008 |accessdate=May 6, 2010 |url=http://www.walletpop.com/blog/2008/11/06/watch-out-bosses-are-saving-money-by-firing-employees-over-face/ |work=WalletPop.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211040256/http://www.walletpop.com/blog/2008/11/06/watch-out-bosses-are-saving-money-by-firing-employees-over-face/ |archivedate=February 11, 2010}}</ref>

By 2005, the use of Facebook had already become so ubiquitous that the generic verb "facebooking" had come into use to describe the process of browsing others' profiles or updating one's own.<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebooking, the rage on college campuses |author=McDonald, Soraya Nadia |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=July 4, 2005 |accessdate=September 14, 2009 |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20050704&slug=btfacebook04}}</ref> In 2008, [[Collins English Dictionary]] declared "Facebook" as its new Word of the Year.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nicole, Kristen |url=http://mashable.com/2007/12/21/facebook-noun-verb-collins-english-dictionary/ |title=I Can So "Facebook" You Now (and be {{sic |nolink=y|gramatically |expected=grammatically}} correct) |work= Mashable |date=December 21, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref> In December 2009, the [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] declared its word of the year to be the verb "[[Friending and following|unfriend]]", defined as "To remove someone as a '[[Friend (Facebook)|friend]]' on a [[social networking]] site such as Facebook".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2009/11/unfriend-is-new-oxford-dictionarys-word-of-the-year-/1 |title=Unfriend is New Oxford dictionary's Word of the Year |work=USA Today |location=Washington DC |accessdate=July 12, 2010 |date=November 17, 2009}}</ref>

==Criticisms and controversies==
{{Very long|section|date=November 2018}}
{{Main|Criticism of Facebook}}[[File:Mark Zuckerberg 1984 Berlin Graffiti.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|[[Graffiti]] in Berlin of Facebook founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]]. The caption is a reference to [[George Orwell]]'s novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''.]]

Facebook grants blue tick to verified accounts of public personalities, brands, celebrities including politicians and artists. They have no policy in the cases where an individual who has a verified blue tick account, gets convicted in a serious criminal case. There has been a recent case in India where a politician was convicted for 10 years jail term in a serious bribery criminal case but his FB page still continues to be verified.<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/-person-of-eminence-tag-on-fb-for-convict-ajay-chautala/699427.html</ref>

Facebook's market dominance has led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings. Notable issues include [[Internet privacy]], such as its widespread use of a [[Facebook like button#Tracking|"like" button on third-party websites tracking users]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Geoff |last=Duncan |title=Open letter urges Facebook to strengthen privacy |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/open-letter-urges-facebook-to-strengthen-privacy/ |website=[[Digital Trends]] |date=June 17, 2010 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ian |last=Paul |title=Advocacy Groups Ask Facebook for More Privacy Changes |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/199099/facebook_privacy_fixes.html |website=[[PC World]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |date=June 17, 2010 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> possible indefinite records of user information,<ref>{{cite news |first=Maria |last=Aspen |title=How Sticky Is Membership on Facebook? Just Try Breaking Free |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/11/technology/11facebook.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 11, 2008 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> automatic [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]] software,<ref>{{cite web |first=Sebastian |last=Anthony |title=Facebook's facial recognition software is now as accurate as the human brain, but what now? |url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/178777-facebooks-facial-recognition-software-is-now-as-accurate-as-the-human-brain-but-what-now |website=[[ExtremeTech]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=March 19, 2014 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Liz |last=Gannes |title=Facebook facial recognition prompts EU privacy probe |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/facebook-facial-recognition-prompts-eu-privacy-probe/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Friedman |title=Bill to ban companies from asking about job candidates' Facebook accounts is headed to governor |url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/03/bill_to_ban_companies_from_req.html |website=[[NJ.com]] |publisher=[[Advance Digital]] |date=March 21, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> In a 2014 ''Huffington Post'' blog article entitled "Facebook: The World's Biggest Waste of Time?", Bill Robinson stated that going on Facebook was not a productive use of time and he raised concerns about its addictive qualities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/facebook-the-worlds-bigge_b_4585457.html |title=Facebook: The World's Biggest Waste of Time? |last=Robinson |first=Bill |date=February 10, 2014 |website=www.huffingtonpost.com |publisher=Huffington Post |access-date=March 3, 2018 |quote=}}</ref> Timothy A Pychyl wrote in ''Psychology Today'' about his concerns that Facebook is leading to "technological time wasting" and procrastination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dont-delay/200804/facebook-whole-new-world-wasting-time |title=Facebook—a Whole New World of Wasting Time If you're serious about procrastination—Facebook! |last=Pychyl |first=Timothy |date=April 3, 2008 |website=www.psychologytoday.com |publisher=Psychology Today |access-date=March 3, 2018 |quote=}}</ref>

The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy<ref>{{cite web |title=How Facebook Breeds Jealousy |url=https://www.seeker.com/how-facebook-breeds-jealousy-1765020296.html |website=[[Seeker (media company)|Seeker]] |publisher=[[Group Nine Media]] |date=February 10, 2010 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Matyszczyk |title=Study: Facebook makes lovers jealous |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/study-facebook-makes-lovers-jealous/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=August 11, 2009 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and stress,<ref>{{cite web |first=Chenda |last=Ngak |title=Facebook may cause stress, study says |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/facebook-may-cause-stress-study-says/ |website=[[CBS News]] |publisher=[[CBS]] |date=November 27, 2012 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Dave |last=Smith |title=Quitting Facebook will make you happier and less stressed, study says |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/quitting-facebook-will-make-you-happier-and-less-stressed-study-2015-11 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=November 13, 2015 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> a lack of attention,<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael J. |last=Bugeja |title=Facing the Facebook |url=http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2006/01/2006012301c/careers.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220193743/http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2006/01/2006012301c/careers.html |website=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] |date=January 23, 2006 |archivedate=February 20, 2008 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Hough |title=Student 'addiction' to technology 'similar to drug cravings', study finds |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8436831/Student-addiction-to-technology-similar-to-drug-cravings-study-finds.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=April 8, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook and Twitter 'more addictive than tobacco and alcohol' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9054243/Facebook-and-Twitter-more-addictive-than-tobacco-and-alcohol.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=February 1, 2012 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[The New Yorker]]'', antitrust regulator [[Margrethe Vestager]] stated that Facebook's terms of use that concern private data were "unbalanced". She noted that users accept terms they would never accept in a more traditional environment, such as "if a brick-and-mortar business asked to copy all your photographs for its unlimited, unspecified uses".<ref>{{cite web|author=Evan Osnos|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/09/17/can-mark-zuckerberg-fix-facebook-before-it-breaks-democracy|title=Can Mark Zuckerberg Fix Facebook Before It Breaks Democracy?|publisher=''The New Yorker'', September 17, 2018 Issue|accessdate=September 15, 2018}}</ref>

Facebook's company tactics have also received prominent coverage, including electricity usage,<ref>{{cite web |first=Robin |last=Wauters |title=Greenpeace Slams Zuckerberg For Making Facebook A "So Coal Network" (Video) |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/09/16/greenpeace-slams-zuckerberg-for-making-facebook-a-so-coal-network-video/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=September 16, 2010 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> tax avoidance,<ref>{{cite web |first=Rupert |last=Neate |title=Facebook paid £2.9m tax on £840m profits made outside US, figures show |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/23/facebook-tax-profits-outside-us |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=December 23, 2012 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> real-name user requirement policies,<ref>{{cite web |first=Emanuella |last=Grinberg |title=Facebook 'real name' policy stirs questions around identity |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/16/living/facebook-name-policy |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 18, 2014 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> censorship,<ref>{{cite web |first=Vidhi |last=Doshi |title=Facebook under fire for 'censoring' Kashmir-related posts and accounts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/19/facebook-under-fire-censoring-kashmir-posts-accounts |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=July 19, 2016 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |authorlink=Michael Arrington |title=Is Facebook Really Censoring Search When It Suits Them? |url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/11/22/is-facebook-really-censoring-search-when-it-suits-them/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=November 22, 2007 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and its involvement in the United States [[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM surveillance program]].<ref>{{cite web |first1=Glenn |last1=Greenwald |first2=Ewen |last2=MacAskill |title=NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=June 7, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>

Due to allowing users to publish material by themselves, Facebook has come under scrutiny for the amount of freedom it gives users, including [[copyright]] and [[intellectual property]] infringement,<ref>{{cite web |first=Ariha |last=Setalvad |title=Why Facebook's video theft problem can't last |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/7/9114149/facebook-freebooting-video-copyright-infringement |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=August 7, 2015 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> [[hate speech]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook, Twitter and Google grilled by MPs over hate speech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39272261 |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=March 14, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Amar |last=Toor |title=Facebook will work with Germany to combat anti-refugee hate speech |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/15/9329119/facebook-germany-hate-speech-xenophobia-migrant-refugee |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 15, 2015 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> incitement of rape<ref>{{cite web |first=Philip |last=Sherwell |title=Cyber anarchists blamed for unleashing a series of Facebook 'rape pages' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/8829165/Cyber-anarchists-blamed-for-unleashing-a-series-of-Facebook-rape-pages.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=October 16, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and terrorism,<ref>{{cite web |title=20,000 Israelis sue Facebook for ignoring Palestinian incitement |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/20000-israelis-sue-facebook-for-ignoring-palestinian-incitement/ |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=October 27, 2015 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Israel: Facebook's Zuckerberg has blood of slain Israeli teen on his hands |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-facebooks-zuckerberg-has-blood-of-slain-israeli-teen-on-his-hands/ |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=July 2, 2016 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> [[fake news]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Samuel |last=Burke |title=Zuckerberg: Facebook will develop tools to fight fake news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/11/19/technology/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-fake-news-election/ |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 19, 2016 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hillary Clinton says Facebook 'must prevent fake news from creating a new reality' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/05/31/hillary-clinton-says-facebook-must-prevent-fake-news-creating/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=June 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Seth |last=Fiegerman |title=Facebook's global fight against fake news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/05/09/technology/facebook-fake-news/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and crimes, murders and violent incidents live-streamed through its [[Facebook Live]] functionality.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Emanuella |last1=Grinberg |first2=Samira |last2=Said |title=Police: At least 40 people watched teen's sexual assault on Facebook Live |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/21/us/facebook-live-gang-rape-chicago |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Emanuella |last=Grinberg |title=Chicago torture: Facebook Live video leads to 4 arrests |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/04/us/chicago-facebook-live-beating |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 5, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Aatif |last=Sulleyman |title=Facebook Live killings: Why the criticism has been harsh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/facebook-live-killings-ai-artificial-intelligence-not-blame-fatalities-murders-us-steve-stephens-a7706056.html |website=[[The Independent]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>

Facebook worked on special [[Internet censorship|censorship software]] so it could potentially accommodate censorship demands in [[Communist Party of China|Communist]]-controlled [[China]].<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/technology/facebook-censorship-tool-china.html Facebook Said to Create Censorship Tool to Get Back Into China]". ''The New York Times''. November 23, 2016.</ref>

The company has also been subject to multiple litigation cases over the years,<ref>{{cite web |first=Cyrus |last=Farivar |title=Appeals court upholds deal allowing kids' images in Facebook ads |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/appeals-court-upholds-deal-allowing-kids-images-in-facebook-ads/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=January 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Alexei |last2=Oreskovic |title=Yahoo sues Facebook for infringing 10 patents |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yahoo-facebook-lawsuit-idUSBRE82B18M20120312 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=March 12, 2012 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Wagner |title=Facebook lost its Oculus lawsuit and has to pay $500 million |url=https://www.recode.net/2017/2/1/14476500/facebook-oculus-zenimax-lawsuit-500-million |website=[[Recode]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=February 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Rusell |last=Brandom |title=Lawsuit claims Facebook illegally scanned private messages |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/19/11712804/facebook-private-message-scanning-privacy-lawsuit |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> with its most prominent case concerning allegations that CEO Mark Zuckerberg broke an [[oral contract]] with [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], and [[Divya Narendra]] to build the [[ConnectU|then-named "HarvardConnection"]] social network in 2004, instead allegedly opting to [[Intellectual property|steal the idea]] and code to launch Facebook months before HarvardConnection began.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Tryhorn |title=Facebook in court over ownership |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/25/digitalmedia.usnews |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=July 25, 2007 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Scott |last=Michels |title=Facebook Founder Accused of Stealing Idea for Site |url=http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=3391856 |website=[[ABC News]] |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |date=July 20, 2007 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Nicholas |last=Carlson |title=How Mark Zuckerberg Hacked Into Rival ConnectU In 2004 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-connectu-2010-3 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |date=March 5, 2010 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> The original lawsuit was eventually settled in 2009, with Facebook paying approximately $20 million in cash and 1.25 million shares.<ref>{{cite web |first=Charles |last=Arthur |title=Facebook paid up to $65m to founder Mark Zuckerberg's ex-classmates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/feb/12/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-ex-classmates |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=February 12, 2009 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ryan |last=Singel |title=Court Tells Winklevoss Twins to Quit Their Facebook Whining |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/04/winkelvoss-tossed/ |website=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=April 11, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> A new lawsuit in 2011 was dismissed.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jonathan |last=Stempel |title=Facebook wins dismissal of second Winklevoss case |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-winklevoss-idUSTRE76L4MR20110722 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=July 22, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>

On November 5, 2017, the [[Paradise Papers]], a set of confidential [[electronic document]]s relating to [[offshore investment]], revealed that Russian state organizations with ties to [[Vladimir Putin]] pursued between 2009 and 2011 large investments in Facebook and [[Twitter]] via an intermediary—Russian-American entrepreneur [[Yuri Milner]], who befriended Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg<ref name="auto4">"[https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/kremlin-owned-firms-linked-major-twitter-facebook-investments-icij/ Kremlin-owned Firms Linked to Major Investments in Twitter and Facebook]". ''International Consortium of Investigative Journalists – ICIJ''. November 5, 2017.</ref> and invested in the company co-founded by [[Jared Kushner]], [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]]'s son-in-law.<ref name="Swaine">{{cite web |last1=Swaine |first1=Jon |last2=Harding |first2=Luke |title=Russia funded Facebook and Twitter investments through Kushner investor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/05/russia-funded-facebook-twitter-investments-kushner-associate |publisher=''The Guardian''|access-date=November 5, 2017 |date=November 5, 2017}}</ref> According to ''[[The Express Tribune]]'', Facebook is among the corporations that "avoided billions of dollars in tax using offshore companies".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1550750/3-paradise-papers-reveal-hidden-wealth-global-elite/ |title=Paradise Papers reveal hidden wealth of global elite |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> According to the press reports, Gazprom Investholding, a subsidiary of the Kremlin-controlled [[Gazprom]], borrowed funds to one of the DST Global investors<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/yuri-milner-facebook-twitter-russia.html |title=Kremlin Cash Behind Billionaire's Twitter and Facebook Investments – The New York Times |publisher=Nytimes.com |date= |accessdate=August 14, 2018}}</ref> to buy shares in Facebook, reaping millions when the social media giant went public in 2012. Four days after the Facebook [[IPO]], a DST Global subsidiary sold more than 27 million shares of Facebook for roughly $1 billion.<ref name=FBTwit>{{cite web |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/kremlin-owned-firms-linked-major-twitter-facebook-investments-icij/ |title=Kremlin-Owned Firms Linked To Major Investments In Twitter And Facebook: The Russian government quietly held a financial interest in U.S. social media |author=Spencer Woodman |date=November 5, 2017 |accessdate=November 6, 2017 |publisher=ICIJ}}</ref>

On March 6, 2018, [[BlackBerry Limited|BlackBerry]] sued Facebook and its Instagram and WhatsApp subdivision for ripping off key features of its messaging app.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2018/03/07/blackberry-to-facebook-stole-our-messaging-technology.html |title=BlackBerry to Facebook: You stole our messaging technology |date=March 7, 2018 |work=Fox News|access-date=March 8, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> According to BlackBerry, it invented the core concepts in mobile messaging app which were copied by Facebook and its [[Subsidiary|subsidiaries]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/6/17087086/blackberry-limited-suing-facebook-whatsapp-instagram-messaging-app-patents |title=BlackBerry sues Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram over messaging patents |work=The Verge|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> According to the Facebook Deputy General Counsel, [[Paul Grewal]], BlackBerry abandoned its effort to innovate and it is now looking to tax the innovation of others.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-blackberry-lawsuit/blackberry-files-lawsuit-against-facebook-whatsapp-and-instagram-idUSKCN1GI2J2 |title=BlackBerry sues Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram over patent infringement |date=March 7, 2018 |work=Reuters |accessdate=March 8, 2018}}</ref>

On June 7, 2018, chief privacy officer Erin Egan noted that a software bug had resulted in about 14 million Facebook users having their default sharing setting for all new posts set to "public". Facebook issued a notification to users which were exposed to this issue. A Facebook spokesperson said the notification is the start of new proactive and transparent way for the company to handle issues going forward.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2018/06/07/technology/facebook-public-post-error/index.html |title=Facebook bug set 14 million users' sharing settings to public |date=June 7, 2018 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>

===Shadow profiles===
"Shadow profile" has become a catch all term for data that is outside the scope of a user's official profile or voluntarily shared content. This includes data that Facebook collects on non-users that may be collected by the [[Facebook analytics Pixel]] or location data from a mobile phone. During his 2018 Congressional testimony, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said that while users have control over data collection for advertising purposes, "On security, there may be specific things about how you use Facebook, even if you're not logged in, that we keep track of to make sure you're not abusing the systems."<ref>{{cite web |last=Brandom |first=Russell |title=Even if you're not signed up, Facebook has a shadow profile for you |work=The Verge |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |date=April 11, 2018 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/11/17225482/facebook-shadow-profiles-zuckerberg-congress-data-privacy}}</ref> Zuckerberg also stated that he was not familiar with the term "shadow profile", though he did confirm that Facebook gathers data on individuals who have not signed up for Facebook accounts.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Facebook can have your data even if you're not on Facebook |work=USA TODAY |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2018/04/13/how-facebook-can-have-your-data-even-if-youre-not-facebook/512674002/}}</ref>

===Cambridge Analytica===
{{main|Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal}}
In March 2018, [[whistleblower]]s revealed that personal information from over 87 million Facebook users was sold to [[Cambridge Analytica]], a political data analysis firm that had worked for [[Donald Trump]]'s presidential campaign. The data was collected using an app created by Global Science Research.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |last2=Wong |first2=Julia Carrie |title=Facebook employs psychologist whose firm sold data to Cambridge Analytica |work=the Guardian |accessdate=March 20, 2018 |date=March 18, 2018 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/18/facebook-cambridge-analytica-joseph-chancellor-gsr}}</ref> While approximately 270,000 people volunteered to use the app, Facebook's [[Application programming interface|API]] also permitted data collection from the friends of app users.<ref>{{cite web |last=Franceschi-Bicchierai |first=Lorenzo |title=Why We're Not Calling the Cambridge Analytica Story a 'Data Breach' |work=Motherboard |accessdate=March 20, 2018 |date=March 19, 2018 |url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/3kjzvk/facebook-cambridge-analytica-not-a-data-breach}}</ref> When the information was first reported Facebook tried to downplay the significance of the breach, and attempted to suggest that the stolen data was no longer available to Cambridge Analytica. However, with increasing scrutiny, Facebook issued a statement expressing alarm and suspended Cambridge Analytica, while review of documents and interviews with former Facebook employees suggested that Cambridge Analytica was still in possession of the data.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-trump-campaign.html |title=How Trump Consultants Exploited the Facebook Data of Millions |first1=Matthew |last1=Rosenberg |first2=Nicholas |last2=Confessore |first3=Carole |last3=Cadwalladr |date=March 17, 2018 |publisher= |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> This is a violation of the [[consent decree]] entered into law by Facebook with the [[Federal Trade Commission]], and violations of the consent decree could carry a penalty of $40,000 per violation, meaning that if news reports that the data of 50 million people were shared proves true, the company's possible exposure runs into the trillions of dollars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/03/18/facebook-may-have-violated-ftc-privacy-deal-say-former-federal-officials-triggering-risk-of-massive-fines/ |title=Facebook may have violated FTC privacy deal, say former federal officials, triggering risk of massive fines |last=Timberg |first=Craig |date=March 18, 2018 |work=Washington Post|access-date=March 25, 2018 |last2=Romm |first2=Tony |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'' reporter [[Carole Cadwalladr]] who broke the story, both Facebook and Cambridge Analytica threatened to sue the newspaper if it published the story and continually tried to prevent its publication. After the story was published anyway, Facebook claimed that it had been "lied to". Cadwalladr said that Facebook was trying to shift the blame onto a third party. Nick Thompson of ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' and [[CBS]] News pointed out that Cambridge Analytica obtained all the personal data without having to "breach" Facebook, and that "It didn't work because somebody hacked in and broke stuff, it worked because Facebook has built the craziest most invasive advertising model in the history of the world and someone took advantage of it."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cambridge-analytica-facebook-knew-for-two-years-no-action-taken/ |title=Facebook knew of illicit user profile harvesting for 2 years, never acted |publisher=}}</ref>

On March 23, 2018, The [[High Court of Justice|English High Court]] granted an application by the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] for a warrant to search [[Cambridge Analytica]]'s London offices ending a standoff between Facebook's data team and the Information Commissioner over who is responsible for the forensic searching of the company's servers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/uk-high-court-grants-cambridge-analytica-search-warrant-to-ico.html |title=UK High Court grants Cambridge Analytica search warrant to ICO |last=CNBC |date=March 23, 2018 |work=CNBC|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref>

On March 25, Zuckerberg placed a [[newspaper ad]] in UK and US newspapers apologising over a "breach of trust"; newspapers included ''[[The Sunday Telegraph|Sunday Telegraph]]'', ''[[The Sunday Times|Sunday Times]]'', ''[[The Mail on Sunday|Mail on Sunday]]'', ''[[The Observer|Observer]]'', ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'' and ''[[Daily Express|Sunday Express]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43532948 |title=Facebook boss apologises in newspaper ads |date=March 25, 2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=March 25, 2018 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

{{quote|You may have heard about a quiz app built by a university researcher that leaked Facebook data of millions of people in 2014. This was a breach of trust, and I'm sorry we didn't do more at the time. We're now taking steps to make sure this doesn't happen again.

We've already stopped apps like this from getting so much information. Now we're limiting the data apps get when you sign in using Facebook.

We're also investigating every single app that had access to large amounts of data before we fixed this. We expect there are others. And when we find them, we will ban them and tell everyone affected.

Finally, we'll remind you which apps you've give access to your information – so you can shut off the ones you don't want anymore.

Thank you for believing in this community. I promise to do better for you.}}

On March 26, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] opened an investigation into Facebook regarding the use of its data by Cambridge Analytica, causing stocks to temporarily drop by more than 5 percent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ftc-facebook-investigation-confirmed-opened-facebook-stock-drops-futher-today/|title=Facebook stock rebounds after FTC investigation news|last=Ivanova|first=Irina|date=March 26, 2018|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=March 26, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

===Android data scraping===
In Android platform, It was reported that Facebook app has been gathering Android users data for years.<ref>[https://mashable.com/2018/03/25/facebook-android-phone-call-data-gathering/ Facebook's app has been collecting Android phone data for years on some devices] ''MashableAsia''</ref> The data included phone calls and text messages history that were stored to Facebook database. Unlike Android, Apple limited the privilege of the apps who try to gather personal information from the [[iOS]] devices.<ref>[https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/25/17160944/facebook-call-history-sms-data-collection-android Facebook has been collecting call history and SMS data from Android devices] ''The Verge''</ref>

In May 2018, several Android users in California filed a class action lawsuit against Facebook for invading their privacy by unauthorized access in storing personal contact data (especially call and text message history) without users' consent.<ref>[http://www.jurist.org/paperchase/2018/05/android-users-file-lawsuit-against-facebook-for-invasion-of-privacy.php Android users file lawsuit against Facebook for invasion of privacy] ''Jurist''</ref><ref>[http://www.itpro.co.uk/data-mining/31107/facebook-faces-class-action-lawsuit-for-android-call-and-message-data-scraping Facebook faces class action lawsuit for Android call and message data scraping] ''ITPro''</ref>

===Public apologies===
In early March 2018, [[The Observer]] reported that a "political consultancy" known as [[Cambridge Analytica]] had been provided access to the [[personal data]] of about 50 million Americans by Facebook. On March 21, 2018, Facebook founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]] issued the company's first public statement since this information was publicly disclosed. However, another article was published on April 4 by [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] that reports a statement made by Facebook regarding the number of people affected. Mike Schroepfer – Facebook's chief technology officer – disclosed that the amount is closer to 87 million via a blog post.<ref>Lapowsky, Issie. (April 4, 2018). https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-exposed-87-million-users-to-cambridge-analytica ''Wired''. Retrieved from April 4, 2018</ref> The earlier announcement discussed modification to the way that "third-party applications" could access data from Facebook.<ref>Wong, Julia Carrie (March 22, 2018)."https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/21/mark-zuckerberg-response-facebook-cambridge-analytica. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved from March 22, 2018.</ref> An app downloaded by 270,000 people has been claimed to have led to the crisis. When users downloaded this app – called "thisisyourdigitallife" – information regarding the users' preferred Facebook content as well as their "home town" could then be accessed by the app. This was than used to acquire similar information of the user's contacts and continued to affect approximately 50 million people in total.<ref name="auto1">Brackett, Eric (March 25, 2018). https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/polls-show-low-trust-facebook/. ''Digital Trends''. Retrieved from March 25, 2018</ref> It has also been claimed that pre-existing policies around access to personal information of Facebook users by "third-party app developers" are foundational to the "crisis".<ref>Wong, Julia Carrie (March 22, 2018). "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/21/mark-zuckerberg-response-facebook-cambridge-analytica. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved from March 22, 2018.</ref> The company has received significant backlash following the disclosure of the use of private data by other entities. This backlash has also taken the form of demands for legal accountability, including the opening of an investigation into the company by the [[U.S. Federal Trade Commission]].<ref name="auto2">Fioretti, Julia & Ingram, David (March 28, 2018). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-privacy/facebook-cuts-ties-to-data-brokers-in-blow-to-targeted-ads-idUSKBN1H41KV ''Reuters''. Retrieved from March 28, 2018</ref> Others such as [[Elon Musk]], who has deleted his Facebook pages for [[SpaceX]] and [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], have publicly expressed their decision to terminate their use of the media platform for their purposes.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/25/facebooks-zuckerberg-says-sorry-to-britons-with-newspaper-apology-ads.html. ''CNBC''. Retrieved from March 25, 2018</ref>

According to a study done by Jeffery Child and Shawn Starcher in 2015, Facebook is a social media platform where "both known and unknown audiences can gain access to posted context, increasing the possibility for privacy breakdowns".<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.035 |title=Fuzzy Facebook privacy boundaries: Exploring mediated lurking, vague-booking, and Facebook privacy management |journal=Computers in Human Behavior |volume=54 |pages=483–90 |year=2016 |last1=Child |first1=Jeffrey T |last2=Starcher |first2=Shawn C }}</ref> The company has a history of making efforts of rapprochement for such privacy crises. Past apologies of Facebook started in 2009, when Facebook first launched their site worldwide. In the hopes of making it easier for users to share or keep their information private, the company ended up modifying the entire site and publicizing a subsequent apology for the situation.<ref>Bowie, Norman E & Schneider, Meg. (2011). Facebook: Our changes protect your privacy – really!. ''Business Ethics for Dummies'' (Chapter 8) Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=SzxDTGGr80EC&pg=PT119&dq=facebook+public+apology#v=onepage&q=facebook%20public%20apology</ref> For years, Facebook has been giving advertisers the option of having [[Targeted advertising|targeted ads]] based on data collecting companies like [[Acxiom Corp]] and [[Experian plc|Experian PLC]].<ref name="auto2"/> In March 2016, Facebook first acknowledged that user data had been mishandled back in 2014 when a third-party app was linked back to [[Cambridge Analytica]].<ref name="auto2"/> This was the same company that was hired by the [[2016 presidential campaign]] of [[Donald Trump]]. The media platform has also been accessed by individuals in addition to corporate entities for varying purposes. The site has been used to determine the eligibility for students to be employed or charged with a form of retribution in some cases, based on what they share or post.<ref name="christofides2011">Christofides, E., Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2011). Privacy and Disclosure on Facebook : Youth and Adult's Information Disclosure and Perceptions of Privacy Risks. (p.g 15) [Guelph, Ont.] : University of Guelph, [2010]. (Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Electronic Library, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.deslibris.ca/ID/227518</ref>

In response to criticism and outrage, different media outlets were used by the company to issue a public apology. On March 25, 2018, U.K. newspapers ''[[The Observer]]'', ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', ''[[Mail on Sunday]]'', ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'', ''[[Sunday Express]]'' and ''[[Sunday Telegraph]]'' contained full-page ads depicting a personal apology from Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. In the United States, [[The New York Times]], [[The Washington Post]], and [[The Wall Street Journal]] also contained the same page-length ads. In addition to the use of newspaper outlets, Mark Zuckerberg issued a verbal apology on [[CNN]].<ref>Statt, Nick. (March 25, 2018). https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/25/17161398/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-apology-cambridge-analytica-full-page-newspapers-ads. ''TheVerge''. Retrieved from March 25, 2018</ref> and took part in interviews with other news organizations such as [[Recode]].<ref>Swisher, Kara & Wagner, Kurt. (March 22, 2018). https://www.recode.net/2018/3/22/17150814/transcript-interview-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-cambridge-analytica-controversy. ''Recode''. Retrieved from March 22, 2018</ref> Zuckerberg has also made multiple other apologies over the course of the years regarding Facebook. In May 2010, Zuckerberg issued a public apology over discrepancies in the privacy settings in The Washington Post via an Op-Ed article.<ref name="auto3">Hempel, Jessi. (March 30, 2018). https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-a-history-of-mark-zuckerberg-apologizing/. ''Wired''. Retrieved from March 30, 2018</ref> Similarly, the CEO has also made apologies via blog posts as well as through the Facebook platform itself.<ref name="auto3"/>

In an effort to earn back public trust, Facebook ended its partnerships with several data brokers who aid advertisers in targeting people on the social network.<ref name="auto2"/> The company has also adjusted the privacy settings again for its user base as well.<ref name="auto2"/> Previously, Facebook had its privacy settings spread out over 20 pages, and has now put all of its privacy settings on one page, which makes it harder for third-party apps to access the user's personal information.<ref name="auto2"/> In addition to publicly apologizing, Facebook has said that it will be reviewing and auditing thousands of apps that display "suspicious activities" in an effort to ensure that this breach of privacy doesn't happen again.<ref name="auto1"/> In a 2010 report regarding privacy, a research project stated that not a lot of information is available regarding the consequences of what people disclose online so often what is available are just reports made available through popular media.<ref name="christofides2011"/> In 2017, a former Facebook executive went on the record to discuss how social media platforms have contributed to the unraveling of the "fabric of society".<ref>Wong, Julia Carrie. (December 12, 2017). https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/11/facebook-former-executive-ripping-society-apart. ''TheGuardian''. Retrieved from March 30, 2018</ref>

=== Violence, conspiracy theories and fringe discourse ===
Facebook has come under criticism for giving a platform to conspiracy theorists and those who engage in incendiary fringe discourse.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Roose |first=Kevin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/27/technology/alex-jones-facebook-youtube.html |title=Facebook and YouTube Give Alex Jones a Wrist Slap |access-date=August 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In July 2018, Facebook stated that it would "downrank" articles which fact-checkers determined to be false, and remove misinformation which directly incited violence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frenkel |first1=Sheera |title=Facebook to Remove Misinformation That Leads to Violence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/technology/facebook-to-remove-misinformation-that-leads-to-violence.html |accessdate=August 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=July 18, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who is Jewish, defended this policy in an interview with [[Kara Swisher]], and stirred controversy by saying that it was unclear if Holocaust deniers on Facebook intended to deceive others.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/20/media/facebook-infowars-false-news-misinformation/index.html|title=Facebook's rhetoric on misinformation doesn't match its actions|last=Darcy|first=Oliver|work=CNNMoney|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref> He later wrote, "I personally find Holocaust denial deeply offensive, and I absolutely didn't intend to defend the intent of people who deny that."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/18/technology/zuckerberg-recode-holocaust/index.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg clarifies his Holocaust comments|last=Kelly|first=Heather|work=CNNMoney|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref>

Most prominently, Facebook was criticized for allowing [[InfoWars]], a far-right website notorious for pushing falsehoods and conspiracy theories.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.recode.net/2018/7/16/17577426/media-left-right-facebook-define-journalism|title=Media — both on the left and right — are pressing Facebook to define what journalism is|work=Recode|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/how-facebooks-infowars-crisis-exposes-mark-zuckerbergs-hypocrisy?mbid=social_twitter|title=Why Facebook Won't Actually Ban Fake News|last=Kosoff|first=Maya|work=The Hive|access-date=August 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/charliewarzel/facebook-alex-jones-robertmueller-pedophile|title=Facebook Said Alex Jones' Threatening Rant Against Robert Mueller Doesn't Violate Its Rules|work=BuzzFeed News|access-date=August 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref> InfoWars appears to thrive on Facebook, with more than 6.8 million interactions and with videos earning more than 92 million views over a year. In comparison, the reputable conservative outlet ''National Review'' only got 2.78 million interactions and video views of 11 million over the same period, despite both outlets having similarly sized Facebook followings.<ref name=":1" /> Facebook defended its actions in regards to InfoWars, saying "we just don't think banning Pages for sharing conspiracy theories or false news is the right way to go."<ref name=":3" /> Specific posts and videos that violate community standards can be removed on Facebook.<ref name=":1" /> Facebook has said that content that receives "false" ratings from Facebook-approved fact-checkers can be demonetized and that repeat offenders will be punished with dramatically reduced distribution, yet Facebook provided only six cases in which it fact-checked content on the InfoWars page over the period September 2017 to July 2018.<ref name=":1" /> In 2018, when InfoWars falsely claimed that the survivors of the Parkland shooting were "actors", Facebook pledged to remove InfoWars content making the claim. However, CNN later found that InfoWars videos pushing the false claims were left up, even though Facebook had been contacted about the videos.<ref name=":1" /> Facebook defended the inaction, saying that the videos never ''explicitly'' accused the child survivors of being actors.<ref name=":1" /> Facebook also allowed InfoWars videos that shared the [[Pizzagate conspiracy theory]] to be left up, despite having specifically asserted that it would combat Pizzagate content.<ref name=":1" /> Later amid controversy over InfoWars, Facebook decided in late July 2018 to suspend the personal profile of InfoWars head Alex Jones for 30 days because he had repeatedly violated Facebook policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/26/media/facebook-infowars-alex-jones/index.html|title=Facebook suspends personal profile of InfoWars founder Alex Jones|last=Darcy|first=Oliver|work=CNNMoney|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' characterized the punishment as a "wrist slap."<ref name=":0" /> In early August 2018, Facebook banned the four most active Infowars-related pages (the Alex Jones Channel Page, the Alex Jones Page, the Infowars Page, and the Infowars Nightly News Page) from its platform for violating its policies against hate speech.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/facebook-and-apple-itunes-ban-alex-jones-as-internet-giants-silence-infowars|title=Facebook and Apple iTunes Ban Alex Jones as Internet Giants Silence Infowars|last=Ross|first=Jamie|date=August 6, 2018|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

''[[The New York Times]]'' described Facebook as a vector for the conspiracy theory that the United States created ISIS.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/world/middleeast/isis-conspiracy-theories-include-a-purported-american-plot.html|title=Borne by Facebook, Conspiracy Theory That U.S. Created ISIS Spreads Across Middle East|access-date=August 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', anti-Rohingya fake news on Facebook stoked tensions in Burma and contributed to hostile views against the Rohingya, a minority group in Burma that has been victim of ethnic cleansing.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gowen |first1=Annie |last2=Bearak |first2=Max |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/fake-news-on-facebook-fans-the-flames-of-hate-against-the-rohingya-in-burma/2017/12/07/2c1fe830-ca1f-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html |title=Fake news on Facebook fans the flames of hate against the Rohingya in Burma |website=The Washington Post |language=en |access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref> Myanmar's military used Facebook to fuel genocide and ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html|title=Myanmar's Military Said to Be Behind Facebook Campaign That Fueled Genocide|access-date=October 15, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The parents of a child killed in the Sandy Hook massacre called on Facebook to target online abuse related to Sandy Hook conspiracy theories, with the parents noting that they themselves were forced to go into hiding due to harassment from the conspiracy theorists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/25/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-sandy-hook-parents-open-letter|title=An open letter to Mark Zuckerberg from the parents of a Sandy Hook victim|last=Pozner|first=Leonard|last2=Rosa|first2=Veronique De La|date=July 25, 2018|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=August 4, 2018|last3=Pozner|first3=parents of Noah}}</ref> A paper by [[University of Warwick]] researchers found that Facebook usage was linked to anti-refugee attacks in Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/europe/facebook-refugee-attacks-germany.html|title=Facebook Fueled Anti-Refugee Attacks in Germany, New Research Suggests|access-date=August 21, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=MMller|first=Karsten|last2=Schwarz|first2=Carlo|date=2017|title=Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3082972|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|language=en|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3082972|issn=1556-5068}}</ref>

[[Ilya Somin]], a law professor at [[George Mason University]] and a scholar at the [[Cato Institute]], reported that he had been the subject of death threats from [[Cesar Sayoc]], the man who was arrested for the [[October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts]] directed at prominent Democratic politicians. The threats were made on Facebook, in April, before the bombings. Sayoc threatened to kill Somin and his family and "feed the bodies to Florida alligators". At the time, Somin's Facebook friends reported the comments to Facebook, which did nothing except send back automated messages.<ref>[http://reason.com/volokh/2018/10/27/mail-bomber-cesar-sayoc-threatened-me-on]</ref>

=== Controversy regarding Definers Public Affairs and Soros ===
In October 2017, Facebook expanded its work with [[Definers Public Affairs]], that had originally been hired to monitor press coverage of the company to address concerns regarding [[Russian meddling in the 2016 United States elections|Russian meddling]], data sharing, hate speech on Facebook and calls for protection through public policy and regulation.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/technology/facebook-data-russia-election-racism.html|title=Delay, Deny and Deflect: How Facebook's Leaders Fought Through Crisis|access-date=November 15, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Definers had established a Silicon Valley outpost earlier that year led by Tim Miller, a former spokesman for Jeb Bush. For tech firms, he argued in one interview, a goal should be to "have positive content pushed out about your company and negative content that's being pushed out about your competitor." A research document circulated by Definers to reporters this summer, just a month after the House hearing, cast [[George Soros]], a frequent subject of [[Antisemitic canard|antisemitic conspiracy theories]] and hate speech, falsely as the unacknowledged force behind what appeared to be a broad anti-Facebook movement. Definers also created other negative media, along with [[America Rising]], which was distributed through NTK Network that was later picked up by larger media organisations like [[Breitbart News|Breitbart]].<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/14/facebook-george-soros-pr-firm-discredit-critics-crisis|title=Facebook reportedly discredited critics by linking them to George Soros|last=Wong|first=Julia Carrie|date=November 15, 2018|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> Following the public outcry from the ''New York Times'' article documenting the activity of Definers Public Affairs Facebook cut ties with the agency.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/technology/facebook-definers-soros.html|title=Facebook Cuts Ties With Definers Public Affairs Following Outcry|access-date=November 15, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Impact==
[[File:Ad-tech London 2010 (5).JPG|thumb|Facebook on the [[ad:tech]] 2010]]

===Media impact===
In April 2011, Facebook launched a new portal for marketers and creative agencies to help them develop brand promotions on Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/marketing |title=Facebook Marketing Solutions |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=January 30, 2011}}</ref> The company began its push by inviting a select group of British advertising leaders to meet Facebook's top executives at an "influencers' summit" in February 2010. Facebook has now been involved in campaigns for ''[[True Blood]]'', ''[[American Idol]]'', and ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tvgenius.net/blog/2011/04/19/4-ways-facebook-social-tv-1-video/ |title=Move Over Twitter: Facebook Wants a Piece of Social TV, Too |work=tvgenius: TV Trends Blog |author=Wells, Emma K. |date=April 19, 2011 |accessdate=May 15, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426131045/http://www.tvgenius.net/blog/2011/04/19/4-ways-facebook-social-tv-1-video/ |archivedate=April 26, 2011}}</ref> News and media outlets such as ''The Washington Post'',<ref>{{cite news |work=The Washington Post |date=January 6, 2012 |title=Facebook data reveal what GOP presidential candidates' supporters 'like' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/facebook-data-reveals-what-gop-presidential-candidates-supporters-like/2012/01/06/gIQAOScufP_graphic.html}}</ref> ''Financial Times''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e82978cc-3e19-11e1-ac9b-00144feabdc0.html |title=Romney tags Facebook to build momentum |date=January 16, 2012 |last=Dembosky |first=April}}</ref> and ABC News<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ABCNews.com |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/social-media-opens-trove-of-voter-info-to-campaigns/ |title=Social Media Opens Trove of Voter Info to Campaigns |date=January 10, 2012 |last=Bingham |first=Amy}}</ref> have used aggregated Facebook fan data to create various infographics and charts to accompany their articles. In 2012, beauty pageant [[Miss Sri Lanka Online]] was run exclusively using Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seri Miss Sri Lanka Online Unveiled |url=http://www.ft.lk/2012/09/21/seri-miss-sri-lanka-online-unveiled/ |work=FT.lk |accessdate=January 9, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117012604/http://www.ft.lk/2012/09/21/seri-miss-sri-lanka-online-unveiled/ |archivedate=January 17, 2013 }}</ref>

===Economic impact===
Facebook, Inc. has utilized growing internet markets using a social media platform to expand its user base while generating billions of dollars in revenue from Facebook's companies. Through empirical findings, economists have been able to identify key areas where Facebook has been able to stimulate economic activity by offering a free [[public good]] in that one user will not reduce the amount available to another, while also generating positive [[Externality|externalities]]. Thus, mobile phone manufactures and carriers have been beneficiaries of Facebook's [[spillover effect]]. Three distinct areas have been found to add the most economic impact: platform competition, the marketing place, and user behavior data.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139060011.003 |chapter=The Economics of Internet Markets |title=Advances in Economics and Econometrics |pages=48–75 |year=2013 |last1=Levin |first1=Jonathan |isbn=978-1-139-06001-1 }}</ref>

Facebook's daily active users have increased 18% year-over-year<ref>{{cite web |url=https://investor.fb.com/financials/ |title=SEC Quarterly Report |last= |first= |date=March 31, 2017 |website=Facebook, Inc.|access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref> and burgeoning from 1 million users in 2004, to over 1.9 billion in 2017. Facebook began to reduce its carbon impact after being publicly criticised by Greenpeace for its long-term reliance on coal power and consequently high carbon footprint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/12/greenpeace-declares-victory-over-facebook-data-centers/ |title=Greenpeace Declares Victory Over Facebook Data Centers |publisher=WIRED |date= |accessdate=August 14, 2018}}</ref>

By the end of 2016, Facebook's total revenue earnings were $27.638 billion, gross profit was $23.849 billion and a net income for the year was $10.188 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FB/financials?p=FB |title=(FB) Income Statement |last= |first= |date=December 31, 2016 |website=Yahoo Finance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802231028/http://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FB/financials?p=FB|archive-date=August 2, 2016|dead-url=yes|access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref>

Facebook provides a development platform for many [[social network game|social gaming]], communication, feedback, review, and other applications related to online activities. This open platform of Facebook has spawned many new businesses and added thousands of jobs to the economy. [[Zynga Inc.]], a leading company in social gaming app development, is an example of those businesses. An [[Econometrics|econometric]] analysis studied the impact of Facebook on the economy in terms of the number of jobs created and the economic value of those jobs. The conservative estimate was that the app development platform of Facebook added more than 182,000 jobs in the U.S. economy in 2011. The total economic value of the added employment was about $12 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Facebook App Economy |date=September 19, 2011 |publisher=University of Maryland |url=https://www.rhsmith.umd.edu/files/Documents/Centers/DIGITS/AppEconomyImpact091911.pdf}}</ref>

===Social impact===
{{Main|Social networking service#Social impact|Social impact of the Internet#Social networking and entertainment|Social capital}}
Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. Facebook allows people using computers or mobile phones to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It has reunited lost family members and friends.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=7739245 |title=Father finds daughter on Facebook after 20 years apart |work=WABC |location=New York |date=October 23, 2010 |accessdate=May 15, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.in.msn.com/international/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3570509&= |title=Facebook reunites father, daughter after 48 years |work=MSN India |location=Delhi |date=January 27, 2010}}</ref> It allows users to trade ideas, stay informed with local or global developments, and unite people with common interests and/or beliefs through open, closed and private groups and other pages.<ref>[http://www.statista.com/topics/1164/social-networks/chart/1103/top-10-social-networks-in-q1-2013/ Half of the World's Online Population Uses Facebook], GlobalWebIndex. May 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business2community.com/social-media/impact-social-media-truly-society-0974685#ROUtlo0v0WuShHDv.97 |title=What Impact Has Social Media Truly Had on Society |work=Business 2 Community}}</ref>

Facebook's social impact has also changed how people communicate. Rather than having to reply to others through email, Facebook allows users to broadcast or share content to others, and thereby to engage others or be engaged with others' posts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/02/02/facebook-turns-10-cultural-impact/5063979/ |title=How Facebook changed our lives |date=February 2, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref>

Facebook has been successful and more socially impactful than many other social media sites. David Kirkpatrick, technology journalist and author of ''The Facebook Effect'', believes that Facebook is structured in a way that is not easily replaceable. He challenges users to consider how difficult it would be to move all the relationships and photos to an alternative. Facebook has let people participate in an atmosphere with the "over the backyard fence quality" of a small town, despite the move to larger cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/facebook-effect-social-network-changed-world-122656206.html |title=Facebook Effect: How the Social Network Changed the World |date=May 18, 2012 |work=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> As per [[Pew Research Center]] survey, 44 percent of the overall US population gets news through Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/facebook-extends-lead-as-news-gateway-study/articleshow/52456528.cms |title=Facebook extends lead as news gateway: Study – The Economic Times |website=The Economic Times|access-date=May 27, 2016}}</ref>

===Emotional health impact===
Facebook, and social media in general, has received significant media coverage for negative emotional health impacts.<ref>{{cite web |first=Stephen |last=Marche |title=Is Facebook Making Us Lonely? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/05/is-facebook-making-us-lonely/308930/ |website=[[The Atlantic]] |publisher=[[Emerson Collective]] |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Maria |last=Konnikova |title=How Facebook Makes Us Unhappy |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/how-facebook-makes-us-unhappy |website=[[The New Yorker]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=September 10, 2013 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Grace |last=Dent |title=Social media is full of sad, lonely people pretending they're OK and perfectly fine attention-seekers pretending to be sad |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/facebook-instagram-twitter-social-media-makes-sad-lonely-attention-seekers-a7614396.html |website=[[The Independent]] |date=March 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Alexandra |last=Sifferlin |title=Why Facebook Makes You Feel Bad About Yourself |url=http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/24/why-facebook-makes-you-feel-bad-about-yourself/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 24, 2013 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Katherine |last=Hobson |title=Feeling Lonely? Too Much Time On Social Media May Be Why |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/06/518362255/feeling-lonely-too-much-time-on-social-media-may-be-why |website=[[NPR]] |date=March 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> Studies have shown that Facebook causes negative effects on [[self-esteem]] by triggering feelings of envy, with vacation and holiday photos proving to be the largest resentment triggers. Other prevalent causes of envy include posts by friends about family happiness and images of physical beauty—such envious feelings leave people lonely and dissatisfied with their own lives. A joint study by two German universities discovered that one out of three people were more dissatisfied with their lives after visiting Facebook,<ref>{{cite web |first=Belinda |last=Goldsmith |title=RPT-Is Facebook envy making you miserable? |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/facebook-envy-idUSL6N0AR8D820130122 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=January 22, 2013 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CNN studies" /> and another study by [[Utah Valley University]] found that college students felt worse about their own lives following an increase in the amount of time spent on Facebook.<ref name="CNN studies">{{cite web |first=Heather |last=Kelly |title=Study: Using Facebook can make you sad |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/15/tech/social-media/study-facebook-blues/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=August 15, 2013 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Flacy |title=Study: Why Facebook is making people sad |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/study-why-facebook-is-making-people-sad/ |website=[[Digital Trends]] |date=January 22, 2012 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Wendy |last=Sachs |title=Facebook Envy: How Cruising Can Kill Self Esteem |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/wendy-sachs/facebook_b_1262681.html |website=[[HuffPost]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=February 8, 2012 |accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref>

In a presentation by [[California State University]] psychology professor Larry D. Rosen, he notes that teenagers using Facebook exhibit more [[narcissistic]] tendencies, while young adults show signs of antisocial behavior, [[mania]], and aggressiveness. However, he also found positive effects from Facebook use, including signs of "virtual empathy" towards online friends and helping [[introvert]]ed persons learn social skills.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ysolt |last=Usigan |title=Facebook makes teens narcissistic, anxious and depressed – but also nice, social and engaged |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/facebook-makes-teens-narcissistic-anxious-and-depressed-but-also-nice-social-and-engaged/ |website=[[CBS News]] |publisher=[[CBS]] |date=August 29, 2011 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> He said that "While nobody can deny that Facebook has altered the landscape of social interaction, particularly among young people, we are just now starting to see solid psychological research demonstrating both the positives and the negatives".<ref>{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Parrish |title=Facebook May Lead to Psychological Disorders in Teens |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/Facebook-Poke-Me-Larry-D-Rosen-California-State-University-Narcissistic,news-12105.html |website=[[Tom's Hardware|Tom's Guide]] |publisher=[[Purch Group]] |date=August 8, 2011 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref>

In a blog post in December 2017, the company pointed to research that has shown "passively consuming" the [[News Feed]], as in reading but not interacting, does indeed leave users with negative feelings afterwards, whereas interacting with messages points to improvements in well-being.<ref>{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=Facebook says 'passively consuming' the News Feed will make you feel worse about yourself |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/15/16781448/facebook-makes-you-feel-bad-study-research |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> ''[[TechCrunch]]'' noted that CEO Mark Zuckerberg had said in a recent earnings call that "Time spent is not a goal by itself. We want the time people spend on Facebook to encourage meaningful social interactions".<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Constine |title=The difference between good and bad Facebooking |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/14/active-vs-passive-social-media/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=December 14, 2017 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref>

===Political impact===
{{broader|Social media in politics}}
{{further|Social media and political communication in the United States|Social media in the 2016 U.S. Presidential campaign}}
{{see also|WhatsApp#Hoaxes and fake news}}
[[File:2011 Egyptian protests Facebook & jan25 card.jpg|thumb|A man during the 2011 Egyptian protests carrying a card saying "Facebook,#jan25, The Egyptian Social Network"]]


In February 2008, a Facebook group called "One Million Voices Against FARC" organized an event in which hundreds of thousands of [[Colombian people|Colombians]] marched in protest against the [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]], better known as the FARC (from the group's Spanish name).<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=August 1, 2010 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2008/0204/p04s02-woam.html |title=Facebook used to target Colombia's FARC with global rally |work=The Christian Science Monitor |location=Boston |date=February 4, 2008 |author=Brodzinsky, Sibylla}}</ref> In August 2010, one of [[North Korea]]'s official government websites and the official news agency of the country, [[Uriminzokkiri]], joined Facebook.<ref>{{cite news |first=Laura |last=Roberts |title=North Korea joins Facebook |date=August 21, 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/7957222/North-Korea-joins-Facebook.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=August 22, 2010 |location=London}}</ref>

During the [[Arab Spring]] many journalists made claims that Facebook played a major role in generating the [[2011 Egyptian revolution]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Sutter, John D. |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TECH/innovation/02/21/egypt.internet.revolution/index.html |title=The faces of Egypt's 'Revolution 2.0' |work=CNN |date=February 21, 2011 |accessdate=June 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hauslohner |first=Abigail |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2044142,00.html |title=Is Egypt About to Have a Facebook Revolution? |work=Time |location=New York |date=January 24, 2011 |accessdate=June 7, 2013}}</ref> On January 14, the Facebook page of "We are all khaled Said" was started by Wael Ghoniem Create Event to invite the Egyptian people to "peaceful demonstrations" on January 25. According to [[Mashable]],{{unreliable source?|date=November 2014}} in Tunisia and Egypt, Facebook became the primary tool for connecting all protesters and led the Egyptian government of Prime Minister [[Ahmed Nazif|Nazif]] to ban Facebook, Twitter and another websites on January 26<ref>{{cite news |author=Kessler, Sarah |url=http://mashable.com/2011/01/26/facebook-blocked-in-egypt/ |title=Facebook & Twitter Both Blocked in Egypt |work=Mashable |date=January 26, 2011 |accessdate=June 7, 2013}}</ref> then ban all mobile and Internet connections for all of Egypt at midnight January 28. After 18 days, the uprising forced President [[Mubarak]] to resign.

In [[Bahraini uprising of 2011|Bahrain uprising]] which started on February 14, 2011, Facebook was utilized by the Bahraini regime as well as regime loyalists to identify, capture and prosecute citizens involved in the protests. A 20-year-old woman named [[Ayat Al-Qurmezi|Ayat Al Qurmezi]] was identified as a protester using Facebook, taken from her home by masked commandos and put in prison.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook 'used to hunt down Bahrain dissidents' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/8681230/Facebook-used-to-hunt-down-Bahrain-dissidents.html |accessdate=September 24, 2015}}</ref>

In 2011, Facebook filed paperwork with the [[Federal Election Commission]] to form a [[political action committee]] under the name ''FB PAC''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/26/facebook-forms-its-own-pac_n_982053.html |title=Facebook forms its own Political Action Committee |date=September 26, 2011 |work=Huffington Post |accessdate=September 27, 2011 |first=Luke |last=Johnson}}</ref> In an email to ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'', a spokesman for Facebook said "Facebook [[Political Action Committee]] will give our employees a way to make their voice heard in the political process by supporting candidates who share our goals of promoting the value of innovation to our economy while giving people the power to share and make the world more open and connected."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/183951-facebook-forming-own-pac-to-back-candidates |title=Facebook to form its own PAC to back political candidates |first=Gautham |last=Nagesh |date=September 26, 2011 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=September 27, 2011 |location=Washington DC}}</ref>

During the Syrian civil war, the [[People's Protection Units|YPG]], a libertarian army for [[Rojava]] has recruited westerners through Facebook in its fight against [[ISIL]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rW7-kqiAGA |title=Former Israeli Female Soldier Joins Kurds to Fight ISIS |work=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Lions-Of-Rojava/290140627860127 |title=The Lions Of Rojava |work=Facebook}}</ref> Dozens have joined its ranks for various reasons from religious to ideological. The Facebook page's name "The Lions of Rojava" comes from a Kurdish saying which translates as "A lion is a lion, whether it's a female or a male", reflecting the organization's feminist ideology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/frontline-isis-real-story-narin-afrini-kurdish-female-lions-terrorising-islamic-front-1470119 |title=Frontline Isis: The Real Story of Narin Afrini and the Kurdish Female 'Lions' Terrorising Islamic State |work=International Business Times UK}}</ref>

====United States====
{{update|section|date=February 2017|part=result of 2016 presidential election and Facebook's effect on it}}
Facebook's role in the American political process was demonstrated in January 2008, shortly before the [[New Hampshire primary]], when Facebook teamed up with [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] and [[Saint Anselm College]] to allow users to give live feedback about the "back to back" January 5 Republican and Democratic debates.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Politics/story?id=3899006&page=1 |title=ABC News Joins Forces With Facebook |work=ABC News |date=December 18, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Doug |last=Minor |url=http://blogs.anselm.edu/blog/2007/11/29/abcdebates/ |title=Saint Anselm to Host ABC Debates Jan. 5 |publisher=Saint Anselm College blog |date=November 29, 2007 |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009210810/http://blogs.anselm.edu/blog/2007/11/29/abcdebates/ |archivedate=October 9, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Tahman |last=Bradley |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/abc_wmur_and_facebook_debates/index.html |title=Republicans Lead off ABC News, WMUR-TV and Facebook Back-To-Back Debates in New Hampshire |publisher=ABC News |work=Political Radar blog |date=December 12, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511122929/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/abc_wmur_and_facebook_debates/index.html |archivedate=May 11, 2011}}</ref> Facebook users took part in debate groups on specific topics, voter registration, and message questions.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ezra |last=Callahan |url=http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=8183627130 |title=Tune in to the ABC News/Facebook Debates, Tonight 7 pm/6c on ABC |publisher=Facebook Blog |date=January 5, 2008 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref>

Over a million people installed the Facebook application "US Politics on Facebook" in order to take part, and the application measured users' responses to specific comments made by the debating candidates.<ref>{{cite news |first=Russell |last=Goldman |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=4091460&page=1 |title=Facebook Gives Snapshot of Voter Sentiment |work=ABC News |date=January 5, 2007 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref> This debate showed the broader community what many young students had already experienced: Facebook as a popular and powerful new way to interact and voice opinions. A poll by [[CBS News]], [[UWIRE]] and ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' claimed to illustrate how the "Facebook effect" has affected youth voting rates, support by youth of political candidates, and general involvement by the youth population in the 2008 election.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Sullivan |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/04/politics/uwire/main4568563.shtml |title=Facebook Effect Mobilizes Youth Vote |work=CBS News |date=November 3, 2008 |accessdate=March 23, 2010}}</ref>

The new social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, made use first of the personal computer and the Internet, and after 2010 of the smart phones to connect hundreds of millions of people, especially those under age 35. By 2008, politicians and interest groups were experimenting with systematic use of social media to spread their message among much larger audiences than they had previously reached.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlisle |first=Juliet E. |last2=Patton |first2=Robert C. |date=January 1, 2013 |title=Is Social Media Changing How We Understand Political Engagement? An Analysis of Facebook and the 2008 Presidential Election |jstor=23612065 |journal=Political Research Quarterly |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=883–895 |doi=10.1177/1065912913482758}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skogerbø |first=Eli |last2=Krumsvik |first2=Arne H. |date=May 4, 2015 |title=Newspapers, Facebook and Twitter |journal=Journalism Practice |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=350–366 |doi=10.1080/17512786.2014.950471 |hdl=10852/41249 }}</ref> By the 2016 election, political advertising to specific segments of the population had become normalized, with Facebook offering the most sophisticated targeting and analytics platform in relation to other social media.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bossetta|first=Michael|date=March 2018|title=The Digital Architectures of Social Media: Comparing Political Campaigning on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in the 2016 U.S. Election|journal=Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly|volume=95|issue=2|pages=471–496|doi=10.1177/1077699018763307}}</ref>

Facebook is having an impact on local government as well. [[Justin Smith (Colorado sheriff)|Justin Smith]], a Colorado sheriff uses Facebook to disseminate his ideas on matters relating to local, state, and national concerns. He also publicizes crimes, particularly those that his department solves. He has seven thousand followers on the social medium, considered a large number. Smith said that he rarely goes out in public "when I don't get feedback from folks. ... Facebook is an interesting tool because I think it holds candidates and elected officials more accountable. Voters know where someone stands."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coloradoan.com/story/news/local/2014/07/06/justin-smith-colorados-social-sheriff/12263531/ |title=Is Justin Smith Colorado's most social sheriff? |publisher=''[[Fort Collins Coloradoan]]'' |date=July 6, 2014 |author=Jason Pohl |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref>

According to the ''Investor's Business Daily'', "In 2012, the [[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012|Obama campaign]] encouraged supporters to download an Obama 2012 Facebook app that, when activated, let the campaign collect Facebook data both on users and their friends."<ref>"[https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/facebook-data-scandal-trump-election-obama-2012/ Funny, When Obama Harvested Facebook Data On Millions Of Users To Win In 2012, Everyone Cheered]". ''Investor's Business Daily''. March 19, 2018.</ref> Carol Davidsen, the Obama for America (OFA) former director of integration and media analytics, wrote that "Facebook was surprised we were able to suck out the whole social graph, but they didn't stop us once they realised that was what we were doing."<ref>"[https://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2018/03/19/why-are-we-only-now-talking-about-facebook-and-elections/ Why Are We Only Now Talking About Facebook And Elections?]". ''[[Forbes]]''. March 19, 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/former-obama-campaign-boss-reveals-how-they-could-access-creepy-facebook-data/news-story/5a275b7c9f540fc9542f5256e644e26e Former Facebook staffer, Obama campaign boss reveal concerns about Facebook data]". [[News.com.au]]. March 21, 2018.</ref>

As American political strategists turn their attention to the 2016 presidential contest, they identify Facebook as an increasingly important advertising tool. Recent technical innovations have made possible more advanced divisions and subdivisions of the electorate. Most important, Facebook can now deliver video ads to small, highly targeted subsets. Television, by contrast, shows the same commercials to all viewers, and so cannot be precisely tailored.<ref>Shane Goldmacher, "Facebook the Vote: The social network at the center of American digital life could become the epicenter of the presidential race," [http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/facebook-the-vote-20150612 ''National Journal Magazine'' June 13, 2015]</ref>

====2016 United States elections====
{{main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections}}
A Russian company bought more than $100,000 worth of Facebook ads during the 2016 presidential election.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-russia-ads-us-election-political-adverts-trump-putin-fake-news-a7933461.html Facebook sold $100,000 of political ads to fake Russian accounts during 2016 US election]". ''The Independent.'' September 6, 2017.</ref> Special Council [[Robert Mueller]], contacted Facebook subsequently to the company's disclosure that it sold ads to a Russian Spy Agency-linked company ([[Internet Research Agency]]), and the Menlo Park-based company has pledged full cooperation in [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Mueller's investigation]], and began with providing all information about the advertisement buys by the Russian government, including the identities of the individuals and companies who made the purchases.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/06/facebook-gave-special-counsel-robert-mueller-data-on-russian-ads-report-says.html |title=Facebook gave special counsel Robert Mueller data on Russian ads, report says |last=Castillo |first=Michelle |date=September 6, 2017|access-date=September 7, 2017}}</ref> ''The Daily Beast'' reports that Russia Used Facebook Events to Organize Anti-Immigrant Rallies on U.S. Soil.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-russia-used-facebook-events-to-organize-anti-immigrant-rallies-on-us-soil |title=Exclusive: Russia Used Facebook Events to Organize Anti-Immigrant Rallies on U.S. Soil |last=Ackerman |first=Ben Collins{{!}}Kevin Poulsen{{!}}Spencer|date=September 12, 2017|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=September 12, 2017}}</ref> Facebook has concluded that a 225,000-member anti-immigrant group that attempted to organize anti-Clinton rallies in Texas during the 2016 presidential campaign was "likely operated out of Russia", ''Business Insider'' reports.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://amp.businessinsider.com/facebook-group-russia-texas-anti-immigrant-rallies-2017-9 |title=Shuttered Facebook group that organized anti-Clinton, anti-immigrant rallies across Texas was linked to Russia |work=Business Insider|access-date=September 14, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> Russians also staged [[Protests against Donald Trump|anti-Trump rallies]] in November 2016<ref>"[http://fortune.com/2018/02/17/russian-organized-rallies-election-meddling/ Russians Staged Rallies For and Against Trump to Promote Discord, Indictment Says]". ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. February 17, 2018.</ref> and bought a [[Black Lives Matter]] Facebook ad during the 2016 campaign.<ref>"[http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/27/media/facebook-black-lives-matter-targeting/index.html Exclusive: Russian-bought Black Lives Matter ad on Facebook targeted Baltimore and Ferguson]". CNN. September 28, 2017.</ref> ''[[ProPublica|Pro-Publica]]'' also reported on how Facebook Enabled Advertisers to Reach 'Jew Haters.' Facebook enabled advertisers to direct their pitches to the news feeds of almost 2,300 people who expressed interest in the topics of "Jew hater," "How to burn jews," or, "History of 'why jews ruin the world.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/facebook-enabled-advertisers-to-reach-jew-haters |title=Facebook Enabled Advertisers to Reach 'Jew Haters' — ProPublica |date=September 14, 2017 |website=ProPublica |language=en-us |others=Julia Angwin, Madeleine Varner, Ariana Tobin|access-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref>

As of mid-September 2017 Facebook still does not know the extent of Russia's advertisement purchases during the 2016 election — or whether these unidentified ad buys are still on the site. A Facebook spokesman told CNN that there was "no sales support". A company representative would not elaborate when asked by Business Insider if it plans to change its ad sales policy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/continue-investigate-ads-bought-russians-195452690.html |title=Facebook doesn't know the full extent of Russia's ad purchases during the 2016 election|access-date=September 14, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

''The Wall Street Journal'' reports that Facebook shared copies of ads and account information related to the Russian ad purchases on its platform with Robert Mueller that go beyond what it shared with Congress last week. Facebook's unusual compliance was in response to Search Warrants issued by Mueller's Federal Grand Jury.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-gave-special-counsel-robert-mueller-more-details-on-russian-ad-buys-than-congress-1505514552 |title=Facebook Gave Special Counsel Robert Mueller More Details on Russian Ad Buys Than Congress |last=Seetharaman |first=Deepa |date=September 15, 2017 |work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=September 15, 2017 |last2=Tau |first2=Byron |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |last3=Harris |first3=Shane}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' reports that United States Senate Intelligence committee seeks further information about Russia links with Facebook, and are stepping up the pressure on Facebook as concerns rise about the role the social media network played in Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2ad99d24-9bc4-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946 |title=Subscribe to read |website=Financial Times|access-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> CNN reports that Facebook handed Russia-linked ads over to Mueller under search warrant.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/15/media/facebook-mueller-ads/index.html |title=Facebook handed Russia-linked ads over to Mueller under search warrant |last=Byers |first=Dylan |work=CNNMoney|access-date=September 19, 2017}}</ref>

Congressional Committees have said Facebook is withholding key information that could illuminate the shape and extent of a Russian propaganda campaign aimed at tilting the U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/facebooks-openness-on-russia-questioned-by-congressional-investigators/2017/09/18/060e1ee4-9c90-11e7-9083-fbfddf6804c2_story.html |title=Facebook's openness on Russia questioned by congressional investigators |last=Leonnig |first=Carol D. |date=September 18, 2017 |work=Washington Post|access-date=September 19, 2017 |last2=Dwoskin |first2=Elizabeth |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |last3=Timberg |first3=Craig}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' reports US lawmakers with access to sensitive intelligence have expressed fears that Russia's campaign to influence US politics via Facebook is continuing today even as American investigators probe Moscow's use of social media in the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ca2c0d9e-9e21-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946 |title=Subscribe to read |website=Financial Times|access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>

"Being Patriotic", a Facebook group uncovered by ''The Daily Beast'', is the first evidence of suspected Russian provocateurs explicitly mobilizing Trump supporters in real life.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/russians-appear-to-use-facebook-to-push-pro-trump-flash-mobs-in-florida |title=Exclusive: Russians Appear to Use Facebook to Push Trump Rallies in 17 U.S. Cities |last=Ackerman |first=Ben Collins{{!}}Gideon Resnick{{!}}Kevin Poulsen{{!}}Spencer|date=September 20, 2017|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reports Russian operatives used Facebook ads to exploit divisions over black political activism and Muslims. The Russians took advantage of Facebook's ability to simultaneously send contrary messages to different groups of users based on their political and demographic characteristics and also sought to sow discord among religious groups. Other ads highlighted support for Democrat [[Hillary Clinton]] among Muslim women. The ads suggest that Russian operatives worked off of evolving lists of racial, religious, political and economic themes. They used these to create pages, write posts and craft ads that would appear in users' news feeds—with the apparent goal of appealing to one audience and alienating another.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-operatives-used-facebook-ads-to-exploit-divisions-over-black-political-activism-and-muslims/2017/09/25/4a011242-a21b-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html |title=Russian operatives used Facebook ads to exploit divisions over black political activism and Muslims |last=Dwoskin |first=Adam Entous, Craig Timberg and Elizabeth |date=September 25, 2017 |work=Washington Post|access-date=September 25, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Mark Zuckerberg responds to Trump, regrets he dismissed election concerns.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/27/mark-zuckerberg-says-facebook-impact-on-2016-election-went-beyond-ads.html |title=Mark Zuckerberg responds to Trump, regrets he dismissed election concerns |last=Shinal |first=John |date=September 27, 2017 |work=CNBC|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> ''The Daily Beast'' reported that Russians impersonated real American Muslims to stir chaos on Facebook and Instagram,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-russians-impersonated-real-american-muslims-to-stir-chaos-on-facebook-and-instagram |title=Exclusive: Russians Impersonated Real American Muslims to Stir Chaos on Facebook and Instagram |last=Ackerman |first=Ben Collins{{!}}Kevin Poulsen{{!}}Spencer|date=September 27, 2017|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> and also that Mark Zuckerberg blew off Russian troll warnings before the attack on America.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/zuckerberg-blew-off-warnings-of-russian-trolls-in-2015 |title=Zuckerberg Blew Off Russian Troll Warnings Before the Attack on America |last=Collins |first=Katie Zavadski{{!}}Ben|date=September 27, 2017|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref>

On November 5, 2017, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Russian-American Billionaire [[Yuri Milner]], who befriended Facebook founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]]<ref name="auto4"/> had between 2009 and 2011 strong [[Kremlin]] backing for his investments in Facebook and Twitter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/yuri-milner-facebook-twitter-russia.html |title=Kremlin Cash Behind Billionaire's Twitter and Facebook Investments |last=Drucker |first=Jesse |date=November 5, 2017 |work=The New York Times|access-date=November 6, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

On March 17, 2018, ''The New York Times'' and ''The Observer of London'' reported the [[Facebook and Cambridge Analytica data breach]] in which [[Cambridge Analytica]] collected personal information from Facebook users as a basis of crafting political campaigns for whomever purchased their services. As a result, Facebook banned Cambridge Analytica from advertising on its platform.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-trump-campaign.html |title=How Trump Consultants Exploited the Facebook Data of Millions |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |date=March 17, 2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=March 17, 2018 |last2=Confessore |first2=Nicholas |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |last3=Cadwalladr |first3=Carole}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article205653624.html |title=Facebook bans Trump-affiliated data firm Cambridge Analytica |work=newsobserver |access-date=March 17, 2018 |language=en |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317234505/https://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article205653624.html |archivedate=March 17, 2018 }}</ref> ''The Guardian'' reported further that Facebook has known about this security breach for two years, but has done nothing to protect its users.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/data-war-whistleblower-christopher-wylie-faceook-nix-bannon-trump |title='I made Steve Bannon's psychological warfare tool': meet the data war whistleblower |last=Cadwalladr |first=Carole |date=March 18, 2018 |work=The Guardian|access-date=March 18, 2018 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

===Bans and censorship===
{{Main|Censorship of Facebook}}

In many countries the social networking sites and mobile apps have been blocked temporarily or permanently, including [[China]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Robin |last=Wauters |title=China Blocks Access To Twitter, Facebook After Riots |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/07/07/china-blocks-access-to-twitter-facebook-after-riots/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 7, 2009 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Iranian government blocks Facebook access |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/24/facebook-banned-iran |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=May 24, 2009 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> [[Syria]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Khaled Yacoub |last=Oweis |title=Syria blocks Facebook in Internet crackdown |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-facebook-idUSOWE37285020071123 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |date=November 23, 2007 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref> and [[North Korea]]. In May 2018, the government of [[Papua New Guinea]] announced that it would ban Facebook for a month while it considered the impact of the website on the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facebook to be banned in Papua New Guinea for a month |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-44290012 |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=May 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 30, 2018}}</ref>

== Potential dating service==
{{main|Facebook Dating}}
On May 1, 2018, Facebook announced its plans to launch a new [[dating service]]. According to Mark Zuckerberg: "There are 200 million people on Facebook that list themselves as [[single person|single]], so clearly there's something to do here". In the wake of the [[Cambridge Analytica]] [[data mining]] scandal, the service is being developed with privacy features, and friends will be unable to view one's dating profile.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/facebook-dating-service-1.4643498|title=Facebook wants to get you a date – CBC News|publisher=}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 7.jpg|thumb|Facebook [[parade float]] in [[San Francisco Pride]] 2014]]

* Author [[Ben Mezrich]] published a book in July 2009 about Zuckerberg and the founding of Facebook, titled ''[[The Accidental Billionaires: The Founding of Facebook, A Tale of Sex, Money, Genius, and Betrayal]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hempel |first=Jessi |title=The book that Facebook doesn't want you to read |url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/25/technology/founding_of_facebook.fortune/ |work=CNN |accessdate=July 3, 2010 |date=June 25, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914024405/http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/25/technology/founding_of_facebook.fortune/ |archivedate=September 14, 2010 |df=}}</ref>
* In 2009, "My Facebook" song from [[Gigi (Indonesian band)|Gigi]] was released in Indonesia. The song is in Indonesian, telling about a guy that met his ex-girlfriend via Facebook. This song soon became popular in Indonesia, having high [[airplay]] on radio stations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ivvaty |first1=Susi |title=Kematangan Gigi Pada Usia Ke-15 (Indonesian) |url=https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2009/04/05/02420328/kematangan.gigi.pada.usia.ke-15 |accessdate=April 10, 2018 |work=Kompas.com |date=April 5, 2009}}</ref>
* ''[[The Social Network]]'', a drama film directed by [[David Fincher]] and adapted from Mezrich's book, was released October 1, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Social Network (2010) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1285016/ |publisher=Internet Movie DataBase |accessdate=July 3, 2010}}</ref> The film is a fictional re-telling of the creation of Facebook, and the legal battles associated with it. People portrayed in the movie, including Zuckerberg, criticized its accuracy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mark Zuckerberg Calls The Social Network Inaccurate |url=http://www.limelife.com/blog-entry/Mark-Zuckerberg-Calls-The-Social-Network-Inaccurate-VIDEO/77351.html |date=October 20, 2010 |first=Jeffery |last=Racheff |work=Limelife|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627054352/http://www.limelife.com/blog-entry/Mark-Zuckerberg-Calls-The-Social-Network-Inaccurate-VIDEO/77351.html |archive-date=June 27, 2014| access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref>
* In response to the [[Everybody Draw Mohammed Day]] controversy and the banning of the website in Pakistan, an Islamic version of the website was created, called [[MillatFacebook]].<ref name="afp">{{cite news |last=Hussain |first=Waqar |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iOAHXhFHXrWMDdtAajYAxmypKT2w |title=Pakistanis create rival Muslim Facebook |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=May 27, 2010 |accessdate=June 9, 2010}}</ref>
* The site was parodied in "[[You Have 0 Friends]]", an April 2010 episode of the American animated comedy series ''[[South Park]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Park parodies Facebook |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/mediamonkeyblog/2010/apr/08/south-park-season-4-episode-14-facebook |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=April 8, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}</ref>
* In July 2014, after [[Shakira]] became the first celebrity to cross over 100 million likes, Mark Zuckerberg posted a congratulatory message on the artist's wall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mark Zuckerberg Congratulates Shakira, Singer Attains "Most Liked Page on Facebook" |url=http://onobello.com/mark-zuckerberg-founder-facebook-congratulates-shakira-singer-attains-liked-page-facebook/#sthash.IIXwUXkU.dpbs |work=OnoBello.com |date=July 22, 2014 |accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] is the second to reach 100 million likes, ahead of [[Rihanna]] and [[Eminem]], who had 98 million and 89 million likes respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shakira reaches 100 million 'likes': Do Facebook fans and Twitter followers matter? |url=http://metro.co.uk/2014/07/25/shakira-reaches-100-million-likes-do-facebook-fans-and-twitter-followers-matter-4806640/ |work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro UK]] |date=July 25, 2014 |accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shakira is Facebook's most popular celebrity with 100million likes – enough to fill 1,359 Maracana stadiums |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/shakira-is-facebooks-most-popular-celebrity-with-100million-likes--enough-to-fill-1359-maracana-stadiums-9618568.html |author=Ella Alexander |work=[[Independent (newspaper)|Independent UK]] |date=July 21, 2014 |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |location=London}}</ref> On March 15, 2015, Cristiano Ronaldo surpassed Shakira to become the most liked person on Facebook.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sorry, Shakira, Cristiano Ronaldo is the most liked person on Facebook |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2015/03/16/sorry-shakira-cristiano-ronaldo-is-the-most-liked-person-on-facebook/}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Facebook|Companies|Internet}}

{{div col}}
* [[Ambient awareness]]
* [[Cyberstalking]]
* [[Facebook malware]]
* [[List of social networking websites]]
* [[List of virtual communities with more than 100 million active users]]
* [[Six degrees of separation]]
* [[Social graph]]
* [[Timeline of social media]]
* [[VK (social networking)]]
* [[WhatsApp]]
* [[Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland]]
* [[Double Irish]] tax scheme
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |last=Arrington |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Arrington |title=The Age of Facebook |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/25/the-age-of-facebook/ |publisher=[[TechCrunch]] |date=April 25, 2010 |accessdate=March 23, 2017}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David |date=October 6, 2006 |title=Why Facebook matters: It's not just for arranging dates. And it's not just another social network. Facebook offers sophisticated tools for maintaining social relationships |url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/06/magazines/fortune/fastforward_facebook.fortune/index.htm |magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=April 9, 2017}}
* {{cite book |last=Lee |first=Newton |date=2014 |title=Facebook Nation: Total Information Awareness |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |isbn=978-1-4939-1739-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Miller (anthropologist) |year=2011 |title=Tales from Facebook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSRt8xhLF6cC |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-5209-2}}
* {{cite web |last1=Muffett |first1=Alec |date=October 31, 2014 |title=Making Connections to Facebook More Secure |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/protect-the-graph/making-connections-to-facebook-more-secure/1526085754298237/ |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=December 13, 2016}}
* {{cite web |last=Schroeder |first=Stan |date=February 7, 2011 |title=Facebook Privacy: 10 Settings Every User Needs to Know |url=http://mashable.com/2011/02/07/facebook-privacy-guide/ |publisher=[[Mashable]] |accessdate=February 1, 2015}}

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Facebook.ogg|August 15, 2009}}
{{Sister project links |wikt=Facebook |commons category=Facebook |b=no |n=Facebook |q=Facebook |s=no |v=no |species=no| voy=no |d=P2013 |display=Facebook}}
* {{Official website|https://www.facebook.com|mobile=https://m.facebook.com}}
* {{OpenCorp|Facebook}}
{{Finance links
| name = Facebook Inc
| symbol = FB
| sec_cik = 1326801
| yahoo = FB
| google = FB
}}
{{Z148}}
*[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000132680117000007/fb-12312016x10k.htm Facebook Inc's 10-K filed in 2017, listing business "risk factors"]


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Football Association of Singapore

2026-07-08T10:09:57Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by Thwekanyaw

{{Short description|Governing body for football in Singapore}}
{{Infobox football association
| Logo = Football Association of Singapore crest.svg
| Badge_size = 160px
| Founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1892|08|29}}
| Headquarters = Jalan Besar Stadium, Singapore
| FIFA affiliation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1952}}
| Region = [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
| Region affiliation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1954}}
| Subregion = [[ASEAN Football Federation|AFF]]
| Subregion affiliation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1984}}
| President = [[Forrest Li]]
| Website = [https://www.fas.org.sg Official website]
}}

The '''Football Association of Singapore''' (FAS) is the governing body for football in Singapore. Established in 1892 as the Singapore Football Association (SFA), it is the oldest football association in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flashback Friday: Singapore Amateur Football Association founded on Aug 29, 1892|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/flashback-friday-singapore-amateur-football-association-founded-on-aug-29-1892|website=The Straits Times}}</ref>

FAS oversees the development of football at all levels, including the [[Singapore Premier League]], national teams (men, women, youth), and grassroots programmes. It is headquartered at Jalan Besar Stadium and has been affiliated with FIFA since 1952.

==History==
Originally known as the Singapore Amateur Football Association (SAFA), the organization adopted its current name in 1966.<ref>{{cite news|title=It's the F.A. of S'pore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19660114-1.2.118.3|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref>

FAS was a founding member of the AFC and AFF. It introduced elections for council members in 2017 following FIFA’s directive to end political appointments.<ref>{{cite web|title=FAS elections: 5 things you need to know|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/fas-elections-5-things-you-need-know-1020776|website=CNA}}</ref>

==Key Initiatives==
* '''Unleash The Roar!''' – National project launched in 2021 to qualify for the 2034 FIFA World Cup.
* '''Singapore Youth League''' – Started in 2024 to develop young talent nationwide.
* '''National Football Academy''' – Established in 2000 for elite youth development.

==Competitions Organized==
* [[Singapore Premier League]]
* [[Singapore Football League]]
* [[Singapore Island Wide League]]
* [[Women's Premier League (Singapore)]]

==International Collaborations==
FAS has partnerships with:
* [[Japan Football Association]]
* [[LALIGA]]
* [[French Football Federation]]
* [[Aspire Academy]]

==External Links==
* [https://www.fas.org.sg Official website]

{{Credit|This article incorporates text from Wikipedia under the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ CC-BY-SA 4.0 license].}}
{{Note|For the most updated version, see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_Association_of_Singapore Wikipedia page].}}

[[Category:Football in Singapore]]
[[Category:Sports governing bodies in Singapore]]
[[Category:Association football governing bodies in Asia]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in Singapore]]

Everybodywiki:Welcome

2026-07-05T10:21:30Z

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Patricia D. Barksdale

2026-06-30T13:19:35Z

WikiMaster:

{{Short description|United States magistrate judge (born 1971)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Patricia Duffy Barksdale
|honorific-suffix =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|office2 = Magistrate Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida]]
|term_start2 = November 1, 2013
|term_end2 =
|birth_name = Patricia Rae Duffy
|birth_date = 1971
|birth_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
|citizenship =
|nationality =
|party =
|otherparty = 
|spouse =
|partner = 
|relations =
|children =
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[University of Florida]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]])
|occupation =
|profession = Attorney
|cabinet =
|committees =
|portfolio =
|religion =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Patricia Duffy Barksdale''' (born 1971) is an American lawyer who serves as a [[United States magistrate judge]] for the [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida]] and is a former nominee to be a [[United States federal judge|United States district judge]] of the same court.

==Biography==

Barksdale was born in 1971, in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[http://infowys.com/v2/us_individual?person=Patricia_Barksdale_Florida_Jacksonville_1465199 Infowys record]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Barksdale%20Senate%20Questionnaire.pdf Barksdale Senate Questionnaire]</ref> She received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1993 from the [[University of Florida]]. She received a [[Juris Doctor]], [[Order of the Coif]] and magna cum laude, in 1996 from the [[Fredric G. Levin College of Law]] at the University of Florida. She began her legal career as a [[law clerk]] to Judge [[Emmett Ripley Cox]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]], from 1996 to 1997. She worked as an associate in the [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Florida]], office of [[McGuireWoods]], from 1997 to 2000, and as counsel for [[CSX Transportation]], from 2000 to 2004. From 2004 to 2005, she served as a law clerk to Judge [[Timothy J. Corrigan]] of the [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida]]. She served as an [[Assistant United States Attorney]] for the United States Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Florida from 2005 to 2013, during which she served as Senior Litigation Counsel from 2011 to 2013. She has served as a [[United States magistrate judge]] for the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida since being sworn in on November 1, 2013.<ref>[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/28/president-obama-nominates-eight-serve-united-states-district-courts "President Obama Nominates Eight to Serve on United States District Courts" White House, April 28, 2016]</ref><ref>[https://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/judicialInfo/Jax/JgBarksdale.htm Official Biography at the Middle District of Florida]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Expired nomination to district court==

On April 28, 2016, President [[Barack Obama]] nominated Barksdale to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, to the seat vacated by Judge [[John E. Steele]], who took [[senior status]] on June 3, 2015. Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]].<ref>[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/28/presidential-nominations-sent-senate-0 "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, April 28, 2016]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barksdale, Patricia Duffy}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American women lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century American judges]]
[[Category:21st-century American women judges]]
[[Category:Assistant United States Attorneys]]
[[Category:Florida lawyers]]
[[Category:Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:United States magistrate judges]]
[[Category:University of Florida alumni]]

{{US-federal-judge-stub}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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Patricia D. Barksdale

2026-06-30T13:18:51Z

WikiMaster: /* Biography */

Patricia D. Barksdale

2026-06-30T13:18:15Z

WikiMaster:

Patricia D. Barksdale

2026-06-30T13:17:53Z

WikiMaster:

Amir Al Salbi Al Mawli Rehman

2026-06-28T11:55:29Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edit by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by New123

Edouard Karmera, Ibrahim Al Samarai (25M bountied), Saddam Hussein, Husseini (F. Karani, Q Soleimani), Qureshi (Palestine famine), M Kawtharani, Hezbollah

2019 2020 manslaughter videos

10 M bounty blacklisted individuals

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United Nations

KQAH-LD

2026-06-28T11:45:48Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edits by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by UserCraft93

{{Infobox television station|callsign=KQAH-DT|city=|logo=|logo_size=|branding=KQAH 10|analog=|digital=10 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]]), shared with WNJJ-LD|virtual=10|affiliations=[[Non-commercial educational station|Educational]] [[Independent station|Independent]]|airdate={{start date and age|2026|6|19}}|location=[[Seattle, Washington]]|country=United States|callsign_meaning=|owner=KQAH Inc.|licensee=KQAH Television, [[Limited liability company|LLC]]|former_channel_numbers=|former_affiliations=|former_callsigns=|erp=|haat=|class=|facility_id=|coordinates=|licensing_authority=[[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]}}'''KQAH-DT''' (channel 39) is a [[Non-commercial educational station|educational]] [[Independent station|independent]] television in Seattle, Washington. The station is owned by KQAH Inc. and broadcasts from atop One Court Square in [[Long Island City]], [[Queens]].

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2026-06-23T12:52:57Z

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Everybodywiki:Hf-nsfooter-User

2026-06-18T09:54:49Z

WikiMaster: Blanked the page

Diagofit

2026-06-17T09:27:42Z

WikiMaster: Removed protection from "Diagofit"

{{Infobox company
| name = Diagofit
| logo = DIAGOFIT.png
| logo_size =
| logo_upright = 
| logo_alt =
| image_caption = Diagofit
| type = Fitness LLC Company
| industry = Gym
| founded = 2023
| founder = Alexander Diago
| defunct = 
| fate =
| successor = 
| hq_location = Los Angeles
| hq_location_city = Los Angeles
| hq_location_country = United State
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people =
| production =
| production_year = 
| brands =
| services = 1 on 1 coaching with Alex Diago for enhancement/physique transformation
| revenue = $4 Million+ Yearly
| revenue_year = 
| operating_income = $4 Million
| income_year = 
| net_income =
| owner = Alexander Diago
| website = https://diagofit.com
| footnotes =
}}
'''Diagofit LLC''' is an '''American online coaching company''' headquartered in Los Angeles, California, specializing in enhanced physique development, hormone optimization, and elite-level body transformations for men. Founded with a focus on delivering rapid, sustainable, and aesthetically superior results, Diagofit has established itself as a leading platform in the advanced fitness industry by providing highly personalized, science-informed coaching programs that integrate advanced training protocols, precision nutrition, strategic supplementation, and responsible performance enhancement strategies.

The company was built on the principle that exceptional physiques require far more than isolated interventions. They demand a fully aligned system encompassing genetics, lifestyle, programming, recovery, and continuous biomarker monitoring. '''Diagofit''' emphasizes the critical role of regular bloodwork analysis to track hormonal health, adjust protocols in real time, safeguard long-term well-being, and ensure progress remains both aggressive and responsible.

'''Diagofit''' rose to prominence by offering transparent, educational content across major social media platforms, including Instagram (@diagofit), YouTube, TikTok, Threads, and Snapchat (@diagofit). The brand shares in-depth resources on cycle design, safe enhancement protocols, side-effect mitigation, bloodwork interpretation, recovery optimization, and real client transformation breakdowns. By openly addressing topics frequently surrounded by misinformation, such as the realities of performance-enhancing substances, common pitfalls, and strategies for sustainable use, Diagofit has cultivated a loyal community of serious, committed athletes seeking honest and practical guidance.

The company provides exclusive one-on-one coaching with strictly limited availability to maintain individualized attention and high-quality outcomes. Each client receives a fully customized program tailored to their specific goals, training history, current biomarkers, and lifestyle. Services include:

'''Bloodwork-optimized enhancement and recovery protocols'''
'''Macro-precise nutrition and supplementation plans'''
'''Advanced, periodized training systems'''
'''Ongoing monitoring and real-time protocol adjustments'''
'''Mentorship and affiliate opportunities for aspiring coaches'''

Through its structured approach, Diagofit has successfully guided over 2,200 men to dramatic physique transformations, with documented milestones previously reaching 700 to 900 clients. These results frequently extend beyond aesthetics, fostering increased confidence, career advancements, entrepreneurial pursuits, and sustainable habits that prevent burnout or health setbacks. Client testimonials consistently highlight breakthroughs from long-standing plateaus, achievement of elite-level physiques, and the discipline required to execute sophisticated, long-term plans effectively.

At the core of the '''Diagofit''' brand is the signature philosophy: "Transform your physique FAST." This mantra underscores the company's commitment to accelerated, visible progress achieved through the elimination of guesswork, precise personalization, and cohesive system design rather than reckless experimentation or unsustainable shortcuts.

Today, '''Diagofit LLC''' continues to set standards in the field of advanced online physique coaching. By bridging practical experience, rigorous bloodwork monitoring, and client-centered innovation, the company empowers men worldwide to pursue exceptional physiques with strategy, accountability, and responsibility, redefining what is possible in performance-driven fitness and body transformation.

==External Links==
* [https://diagofit.com/ Website]

[[Category:Companies established in 2023]]
[[Category:Diagofit LLC]]
[[Category:Diagofit LLC platform]]
[[Category:Companies based in USA]]

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2026-05-26T11:04:06Z

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Howard M. Resh

2026-05-23T11:22:41Z

WikiMaster:

{{Db-G11}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Howard M. Resh|timestamp=20170114233916|year=2017|month=January|day=14|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{multiple issues|
{{underlinked|date=October 2012}}
{{peacock|date=July 2009}}
{{orphan|date=April 2010}}
}}

{{Infobox person
|name = Howard M. Resh
|image =
|caption =
|size = 220px
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1941|1|11}}
|birth_place = [[Canada]]
|nationality = Canadian
|residence =
|known_for = [[Hydroponics]]
|education =
|alma mater = [[University of British Columbia]]
|occupation = Researcher, Author, Farmer
|title = Doctor
|spouse =
|children =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|website =
|parents = }}
'''Howard M. Resh, PhD''' (born January 11, 1941 in Canada) is a pioneering [[hydroponics]] researcher, author, and practitioner.

After completing his doctoral degree in Horticulture at UBC in 1975, he worked three years as Urban Horticulturist for the Faculty of Plant Science at UBC.

Dr. Resh was soon implementing and managing commercial hydroponics ventures around the world, including Venezuela, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and the U.S.A.

In 1999, Dr. Resh started a hydroponics farm on the island of [[Anguilla]], B.W.I, in the Eastern Caribbean, where he is still farming today.

==Career==
While he was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, B.C beginning in 1971, Dr. Resh developed plant cultural techniques and 3-part nutrient formulations for the growing of vegetable crops in greenhouses.

While continuing his graduate studies for his doctorate degree, in 1973 he formed a company with an engineer to design and manufacture backyard greenhouses using hydroponic culture. Over the next five years, Dr. Resh and his colleagues studied hydroponic greenhouse issues in temperate and tropical regions of the World, including Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America and Hawaii.

Upon graduation with his doctorate in 1975, Dr. Resh took up a position at the University of British Columbia as Urban Horticulturist, but continued pursuing commercial hydroponics via his company.

As UBC’s Urban Horticulturist, Dr. Resh taught courses in horticulture, hydroponics, plant propagation, greenhouse design and production. He did pioneering research to discover alternative designs of the nutrient film technique (NFT) that was introduced by Dr. Allen Cooper in England. His research helped NFT system effectiveness by dealing with problems caused by oxygen deficits and nutrient absorption problems associated with it.

During this period while he was Urban Horticulturist and also as General Manager for a large plant nursery, Dr. Resh did research and production consultation for a commercial hydroponic farm growing lettuce, watercress and other vegetables in Venezuela. In 1995-96, he was project manager for the Venezuelan farm, where he devised and supervised hydroponic methods of growing lettuce, watercress, peppers, tomatoes and European cucumbers.

Dr. Resh became one of the early pioneers of a root zone media made of coconut hulls, a method increasingly used by hydroponic growers today. He developed a special medium of rice hulls and coco coir from local sources.

Dr. Resh designed and constructed a Mung bean and alfalfa sprout facility to introduce sprouts into the local market.

In the late 1980s Dr. Resh assisted a Florida company growing lettuce in a floating raft culture system. He helped prepare greenhouse proposals for construction, and assisted with the operation of large greenhouses using waste heat from cogeneration power plants in the northeastern United States.

From 1990 to 1999, Dr. Resh was Technical Director and Project Manager for hydroponic projects growing watercress and herbs in California. He designed and constructed several multi-acre outdoor hydroponic watercress facilities using an NFT system that overcame production losses due to drought conditions in the area.

In mid-1999, Resh became Hydroponic Greenhouse Farm Manager for the first Hydroponic Farm associated with a tourist resort: the Cuisinart Resort & Spa, in Anguilla, B.W.I. in the northeastern Caribbean.

Dr. Resh’s Cuisinart hydroponic farm is the only one in the world owned by a resort growing its own fresh salad crops and herbs exclusively for the resort.

==Biography and philosophy==
Dr. Resh is one of the pioneers of development of large-scale hydroponic commercial greenhouse operations. In the 1970s hydroponics started to make inroads into the greenhouse industry on a large scale.

In the greenhouse industry in British Columbia, the use of sawdust root zone media soon displaced soil growing. At that time Douglas fir and Hemlock sawdusts were cheap as they were waste products of the lumber industry.

As new substrates, such as rockwool, were developed out of Europe, the industry soon switched to rockwool in areas not having abundant supply of sawdust. Rockwool can be easily shipped to most parts of the world.

While NFT became a common system for growing lettuce and some herbs, it was not very successful for the growing of long-term vine crops, such as tomatoes, peppers and European cucumbers because of oxygen deficit challenges that arose with a maturing crop. Rockwool was ideal for the growing of these vine crops.

As efficient methods of water culture (floating or raft culture) were developed, lettuce became one of the principal commercial crops for large-scale greenhouse operations.

Where rice and coconut palms were principal local crops, their waste products of rice hulls and coconut husks created an opportunity for use as media for hydroponic growing.

Dr. Resh was one of the first to use rice hulls in the growing of herbs in California in the early 1990s. He then applied the same methods to growing tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers in Venezuela using a mixture of rice hulls and coco coir, which are readily available in tropical climates. This enabled hydroponic growing in these regions to be less expensive, because rockwool did not have to be imported.

These substrates, especially coco coir, have become integrated into worldwide use in the industry today. Volcanic pumice and perlite, where abundant, are also good hydroponic substrates.

Hydroponics over the past few decades has also branched out into many new areas. Hobby hydroponics has become a thriving industry, in part because in the 1970s Dr. Resh designed several hobby/home hydroponic units, including backyard hydroponic greenhouses.

“Popular Hydroponics,” a simplified form of backyard hydroponics, is now practiced in low-income communities in countries of Mexico, Central America and South America. This is partially financed by FAO in the development of such community projects in Venezuela, Colombia and Peru with the assistance of the local universities. It is also becoming a part of many prisons in these countries to educate prisoners to become self-sufficient upon their release. It has been practiced very successfully in a women’s prison in Uruguay.

Now hydroponic culture is applied under many extreme conditions that were never thought of before. For example, it is an integral part of the space station under zero gravity using water culture systems. It is applied in the growing of fresh salad crops in Antarctica to supply the McMurdo research station.

Today hydroponics is entering the green concept of creating hydroponic farms on roof tops of buildings in cities. Dr. Resh created such a roof-top farm in Taipei, Taiwan in mid-1980.

Hydroponics is a unique form of agriculture in that it can be applied on relatively simple terms to very complex situations, such as we have seen from the use of hobby or popular hydroponics to the sophisticated commercial greenhouse operations to space travel.

==Publications==
Resh has over 50 publications including 5 books. The publications are listed under “Consulting”, “Bio-resume” on his website: [http://www.howardresh.com]. The five books he has written include: “Hydroponic Food Production” (English & Spanish editions), “Hydroponic Home Food Gardens,” “Hydroponic Tomatoes for the Home Gardener,” “Hydroponics-Questions & Answers,” and “Hobby Hydroponics.”

==External links==
* [http://www.howardresh.com Howard M. Resh's Website]
* [http://www.cuisinartresort.com Cuisinart Resort & Spa]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Resh, Howard}}
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Everybodywiki:FAQ

2026-05-21T10:06:23Z

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MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-17T09:54:58Z

WikiMaster:

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MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-14T14:49:25Z

WikiMaster:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-14T14:47:37Z

WikiMaster:

Mister Spex

2026-05-14T13:06:14Z

WikiMaster:

{{Infobox company
| name = Mister Spex GmbH
| type = [[GmbH]]
| industry = [[E-Commerce]], [[Optician]]
| founded = 2007
| hq_location = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| key_people = Dirk Graber (Founder and Managing Director), Mirko Caspar (Managing Director)
| revenue = > 104 Mio. EUR<ref name="BANZ">Annual statement from 31 December 2018, published on bundesanzeiger.de</ref>
| homepage = [https://www.misterspex.co.uk/ www.misterspex.co.uk]
}}'''Mister Spex GmbH''', is a German optician chain that focuses mainly on online sales. The company was founded in Berlin in 2007 and operates in ten countries. The company is one of the largest online [[Optician]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Online-Händler kämpfen sich in Optikmarkt|periodical=|publisher=dpa, n-tv|url=http://www.n-tv.de/wirtschaft/wirtschaft_startupnews/Online-Haendler-kaempfen-sich-in-Optikmarkt-article18505951.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Julia Kilian|date=2016-08-26|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> in [[Europe]].

== Company ==
The company offers [[Glasses|eyeglasses]], [[sunglasses]], [[Contact lens|contact lenses]] and related care products through its own websites. In addition to [[Germany]] and (since 2014) Great Britain, Mister Spex is also active in [[Austria]], [[France]], [[Spain]], [[Netherlands]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]].<ref>[https://corporate.misterspex.com/en/] Mister Spex Corporate Website</ref>

The company operates according to an <nowiki>[[omnichannel]]</nowiki> approach. This concept involves cooperation with 500 partner opticians in Germany. These partners handle basic services that cannot be performed online, such as <nowiki>[[Eye examination|eye tests]]</nowiki> or glasses adjustments.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex: Partnermodell vor europaweitem Roll-out|periodical=|publisher=neuhandeln.de|url=http://neuhandeln.de/mister-spex-partnermodell-vor-europaweitem-roll-out/|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-10|archive-url=|archive-date=|date=2016-01-11|language=|pages=|quote=}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki>

Mister Spex opened its first company-owned store in Berlin in 2016. Additional stores followed in the following year in Berlin-Steglitz, [[Oberhausen]], [[Bremen]], [[Bochum]] and [[Dortmund]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex Stores - Filialen in Ihrer Nähe {{!}} Mister Spex|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.misterspex.de/stores|url-status=|format=|access-date=2017-12-11|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> In 2018 and 2019, branches opened in the Main-Taunus-Zentrum in [[Sulzbach]]<ref>{{citation|periodical=Neuhandeln.de - E-Commerce für Entscheider|title=Filial-Expansion: Mister Spex hat noch lange nicht genug - neuhandeln.de - E-Commerce für Entscheider|date=2018-04-13|language=German|url=https://neuhandeln.de/filial-expansion-mister-spex-hat-noch-lange-nicht-genug/|access-date=2018-04-25
}}</ref> in [[Erfurt]], [[Münster]], [[Essen]], [[Frankfurt]]/Sulzbach and in Frankfurt/MyZeil.<ref>{{citation|title=Online-Optiker eröffnet Laden|language=German|url=http://erfurt.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/erfurt/startseite/detail/-/specific/Online-Optiker-eroeffnet-Laden-1339839605|access-date=2018-04-25
}}</ref> and in [[Münster]].<ref>{{citation|periodical=Mister Spex Corporate Website|title=Passend zum 10. Jubiläum: Mister Spex eröffnet zehnte Filiale in Münster - Mister Spex Corporate Website|date=2018-07-16|language=German|url=https://corporate.misterspex.com/de/blog/neuer-store-muenster/|access-date=2018-10-22
}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The company was founded in December 2007 by Dirk Graber, Björn Sykora, Philipp Frenkel and Thilo Hardt with the aim of further developing online eyewear sales, which was hardly developed at the time, with a simple online purchasing model for eyewear.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mit ein paar Klicks zur neuen Brille - Der Online-Optiker Mister Spex|periodical=|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=http://www.dw.com/de/mit-ein-paar-klicks-zur-neuen-brille-der-online-optiker-mister-spex/av-17221838|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Danijel Visevic|date=2013-11-13|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> Since 2011, Mister Spex has offered the opportunity to have eye tests and glasses adjustments carried out by local partner companies as part of its omnichannel concept, which in turn receive a share of the profit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex greift Fielmann und Apollo an|periodical=|publisher=Welt N24|url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article115250195/Mister-Spex-greift-Fielmann-und-Apollo-an.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Christin Bohmann|date=2015-09-07|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>

The Company is a member of the Deutsche Börse Venture Network, which seeks to connect companies with potential investors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Börse Venture Network|periodical=|publisher=|url=http://www.venture-network.com/dbvn-de/unternehmen|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Börse startet Plattform für Startups mit Kapitalbedarf|periodical=|publisher=Frankfurter Allgemeine|url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/aktien/deutsche-boerse-weitet-angebot-fuer-junge-unternehmen-aus-14422944.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=dpa-AFX Reuters|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> Current investors are, according to its own information: Scottish Equity Partners, [[Goldman Sachs]], Grazia Equity, XAnge, [[DN Capital]] and [[High-Tech Gründerfonds]].<ref>[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article136116327/Goldman-Sachs-steigt-bei-Mister-Spex-ein.html Goldman Sachs steigt bei Mister Spex ein] (welt.de vom 7. Januar 2015, abgerufen am 5. September 2016)</ref>

== References ==

<references />
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Mister Spex

2026-05-13T13:03:10Z

WikiMaster: /* Company */

{{AFC submission|d|adv|u=CarlijnRood2|ns=118|decliner=DGG|declinets=20200308214055|ts=20200109093054}} 

{{AFC comment|1=This is promotional; write about the company not the general trends in eye care ''' [[User:DGG|DGG]]''' ( [[User talk:DGG|talk ]]) 21:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)}}

----

{{Infobox company
| name = Mister Spex GmbH
| type = [[GmbH]]
| industry = [[E-Commerce]], [[Optician]]
| founded = 2007
| hq_location = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| key_people = Dirk Graber (Founder and Managing Director), Mirko Caspar (Managing Director)
| revenue = > 104 Mio. EUR<ref name="BANZ">Annual statement from 31 December 2018, published on bundesanzeiger.de</ref>
| homepage = [https://www.misterspex.co.uk/ www.misterspex.co.uk]
}}'''Mister Spex GmbH''', is a German optician chain that focuses mainly on online sales. The company was founded in Berlin in 2007 and operates in ten countries. The company is one of the largest online [[Optician]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Online-Händler kämpfen sich in Optikmarkt|periodical=|publisher=dpa, n-tv|url=http://www.n-tv.de/wirtschaft/wirtschaft_startupnews/Online-Haendler-kaempfen-sich-in-Optikmarkt-article18505951.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Julia Kilian|date=2016-08-26|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> in [[Europe]].

== Company ==
The company offers [[Glasses|eyeglasses]], [[sunglasses]], [[Contact lens|contact lenses]] and related care products through its own websites. In addition to [[Germany]] and (since 2014) Great Britain, Mister Spex is also active in [[Austria]], [[France]], [[Spain]], [[Netherlands]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]].<ref>[https://corporate.misterspex.com/en/] Mister Spex Corporate Website</ref>

The company operates according to an <nowiki>[[omnichannel]]</nowiki> approach. This concept involves cooperation with 500 partner opticians in Germany. These partners handle basic services that cannot be performed online, such as <nowiki>[[Eye examination|eye tests]]</nowiki> or glasses adjustments.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex: Partnermodell vor europaweitem Roll-out|periodical=|publisher=neuhandeln.de|url=http://neuhandeln.de/mister-spex-partnermodell-vor-europaweitem-roll-out/|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-10|archive-url=|archive-date=|date=2016-01-11|language=|pages=|quote=}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki>

Mister Spex opened its first company-owned store in Berlin in 2016. Additional stores followed in the following year in Berlin-Steglitz, [[Oberhausen]], [[Bremen]], [[Bochum]] and [[Dortmund]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex Stores - Filialen in Ihrer Nähe {{!}} Mister Spex|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.misterspex.de/stores|url-status=|format=|access-date=2017-12-11|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> In 2018 and 2019, branches opened in the Main-Taunus-Zentrum in [[Sulzbach]]<ref>{{citation|periodical=Neuhandeln.de - E-Commerce für Entscheider|title=Filial-Expansion: Mister Spex hat noch lange nicht genug - neuhandeln.de - E-Commerce für Entscheider|date=2018-04-13|language=German|url=https://neuhandeln.de/filial-expansion-mister-spex-hat-noch-lange-nicht-genug/|access-date=2018-04-25
}}</ref> in [[Erfurt]], [[Münster]], [[Essen]], [[Frankfurt]]/Sulzbach and in Frankfurt/MyZeil.<ref>{{citation|title=Online-Optiker eröffnet Laden|language=German|url=http://erfurt.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/erfurt/startseite/detail/-/specific/Online-Optiker-eroeffnet-Laden-1339839605|access-date=2018-04-25
}}</ref> and in [[Münster]].<ref>{{citation|periodical=Mister Spex Corporate Website|title=Passend zum 10. Jubiläum: Mister Spex eröffnet zehnte Filiale in Münster - Mister Spex Corporate Website|date=2018-07-16|language=German|url=https://corporate.misterspex.com/de/blog/neuer-store-muenster/|access-date=2018-10-22
}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The company was founded in December 2007 by Dirk Graber, Björn Sykora, Philipp Frenkel and Thilo Hardt with the aim of further developing online eyewear sales, which was hardly developed at the time, with a simple online purchasing model for eyewear.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mit ein paar Klicks zur neuen Brille - Der Online-Optiker Mister Spex|periodical=|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=http://www.dw.com/de/mit-ein-paar-klicks-zur-neuen-brille-der-online-optiker-mister-spex/av-17221838|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Danijel Visevic|date=2013-11-13|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> Since 2011, Mister Spex has offered the opportunity to have eye tests and glasses adjustments carried out by local partner companies as part of its omnichannel concept, which in turn receive a share of the profit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mister Spex greift Fielmann und Apollo an|periodical=|publisher=Welt N24|url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article115250195/Mister-Spex-greift-Fielmann-und-Apollo-an.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=Christin Bohmann|date=2015-09-07|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>

The Company is a member of the Deutsche Börse Venture Network, which seeks to connect companies with potential investors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Börse Venture Network|periodical=|publisher=|url=http://www.venture-network.com/dbvn-de/unternehmen|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Börse startet Plattform für Startups mit Kapitalbedarf|periodical=|publisher=Frankfurter Allgemeine|url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/aktien/deutsche-boerse-weitet-angebot-fuer-junge-unternehmen-aus-14422944.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=dpa-AFX Reuters|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> Current investors are, according to its own information: Scottish Equity Partners, [[Goldman Sachs]], Grazia Equity, XAnge, [[DN Capital]] and [[High-Tech Gründerfonds]].<ref>[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article136116327/Goldman-Sachs-steigt-bei-Mister-Spex-ein.html Goldman Sachs steigt bei Mister Spex ein] (welt.de vom 7. Januar 2015, abgerufen am 5. September 2016)</ref>

== References ==

<references />
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Christian Cavaletti

2026-05-01T10:13:17Z

WikiMaster: Undo revision 6110792 by WikiMasterBot2 (talk)

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=March 2023}}

{{Orphan|date=March 2023}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Christian Cavaletti
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Christian Cavaletti
| birth_date = 1970
| birth_place = Italy
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
| spouse =
| other_names =
| known_for = Having the world's largest [[Pepsi]] can collection
| occupation = Textile company manager
}}

'''Christian Cavaletti''' is an [[Italians|Italian]] collector who has the [[Guinness World Record]] for the most pepsi cans with 12,402 pepsi cans.<ref name="GWR">{{cite web|title=Pepsi fan breaks record with epic collection of over 12,400 cans|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2022/7/pepsi-fan-breaks-record-with-epic-collection-of-over-12-400-cans-708963|language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==

Christian started collecting [[Pepsi]] cans on June 1, 1989. He and his brother saw the movie [[Back to the Future]] in 1985 and started to collect merchandise from it. One of the items in the movie was a fictional drink named, "Pepsi Perfect", which captured his interest.<ref name="GWR" /><ref name="WFTV">{{cite web|title=Pepsi lover crushes his own world record with collection of 12,000 cans|url=https://www.wftv.com/news/trending/pepsi-lover-crushes-own-world-record-with-collection-12000-cans/BFWPXXFGTFDIXHML6DQUL7XDIQ/|language=en}}</ref> He started collecting more seriously in 1996 and was able to expand his collection quicker due to the internet. He originally had the [[Guinness World Record]] at 3,284 cans<ref name="Fuss9">''Guinness World Records'', publisher: ''Bantam Books'', published: 2004</ref> which later grew to 4,391 cans in 2004. By 2022, his collection grew to 12,402 cans.<ref name="UPI">{{cite web|title=Italian man amasses collection of 12,402 different Pepsi cans|url=https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2022/07/06/italy-Guinness-World-Records-collection-Pepsi-cans/1461657126538/|language=en}}</ref><ref name="KKLZ">{{cite web|title=Man In Italy Owns The Largest Collection of Pepsi Cans |url=https://963kklz.com/2022/07/07/man-in-italy-owns-the-largest-collection-of-pepsi-cans/|language=en}}</ref>

Christian has cans from 81 countries.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web|title=Man Collects 12,042 Different Pepsi Cans To Break Guinness World Record |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/man-collects-12-042-different-pepsi-cans-to-break-guinness-world-record-3139372|language=en}}</ref> He has a can from the first ever release of Pepsi from 1948,<ref name="FX10">{{cite web|title=Pepsi fan breaks record with epic collection of over 12,400 cans|url=https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/pepsi-fan-breaks-world-record-with-12402-can-collection|language=en}}</ref> he has a can from the [[STS-51-F]] space mission, and even has a can with his own picture on it commemorating his 5,000th can collected.<ref name="GWR" /><ref name="WSOC">{{cite web|title=Pepsi lover crushes his own world record with collection of 12,000 cans|url=https://www.wsoctv.com/news/trending/pepsi-lover-crushes-own-world-record-with-collection-12000-cans/BFWPXXFGTFDIXHML6DQUL7XDIQ/|language=en}}</ref>

He plans on eventually creating a mini-museum to display his collection and believes the number of cans will grow past 15,000.<ref name="UPI" /><ref name="TNN">{{cite web|title=Italy: Man collects 12,042 Pepsi cans to break his own Guinness World Record for largest collection on Earth|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/viral/italy-man-collects-12042-pepsi-cans-to-break-his-own-guinness-world-record-for-largest-collection-on-earth-article-92720076/|language=en}}</ref>

Christian also collects [[Coca-Cola]] cans, which he often uses as trading material for Pepsi cans.<ref name="FROG">{{cite web|title=This Guy Has A Broken A Pepsi Can World Record|url=https://froggy981.com/2022/07/08/this-guy-has-a-broken-a-pepsi-can-world-record//|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cavaletti, Christian}}
[[Category:World record holders]]
[[Category:Collectors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Italian collectors]]
[[Category:Guinness World Records]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}
{{Kept on Wikipedia|Biggest version}}

Christian Carmine Pedocchi ( Entrepreneur )

2026-05-01T10:13:09Z

WikiMaster: Undo revision 6110790 by WikiMasterBot2 (talk)

{{Infobox person
|name=Pedocchi
|given name=Christian Carmine
|newimage=ade916be-6aa5-4ca4-9220-cab68de8353b.jpg
|image_caption=Christian Carmine Pedocchi
|honorific prefix=Mr
|native_name=Christian
|birth_name=Christian Carmine Pedocchi
|birth_place=Italy
|birth_date=1995/09/14
|nationality=Italian
|occupation=Entrepreneur
|occupationLocation=CCP Consulting
|organisation=Founder and CEO of CCP Consulting & others
|facebook=Christiancarminepedocchii/
|instagram=christian_carmine_p/
|linkedin=christian-carmine-pedocchi-5bb9a9133/
}}
== Early Life Career ==

Christian Carmine Pedocchi has emerged as a renowned figure in the realms of sales and negotiation, captivating the business world with his innovative approaches and unwavering commitment to success. As the esteemed founder and CEO of CCP Consulting & others, he has spearheaded numerous global enterprises towards reaching their sales objectives, all through his distinctive and frictionless methodologies.

Hailing from Italy, Christian's remarkable journey commenced at a tender age, where he swiftly distinguished himself as a talented and ambitious sales professional. Driven by an ardent desire to unlock the full potential of businesses, he embarked on a mission to create an avant-garde sales model rooted in the principles of the "New Sales Economy." This groundbreaking model sought to eradicate the resistance commonly associated with archaic sales techniques, emphasizing instead the cultivation of enduring and robust customer relationships.

== Success Life ==
Through his brainchild, CCP Consulting, Christian has empowered organizations of all sizes to embrace this transformative sales paradigm, leading them to unprecedented levels of triumph. At the heart of his approach lies the concept of frictionless selling, a philosophy that harnesses an array of techniques and tools to dismantle barriers and impediments that might impede customers from making a purchase.

In addition to his consultancy work, Christian Pedocchi exhibits an exceptional prowess as a negotiator, skillfully navigating complexities and forging mutually beneficial outcomes. Whether mediating contentious disputes or navigating intricate business deals, his poised and composed demeanor consistently prevails, underscoring his unwavering dedication to attaining win-win solutions.

Christian Carmine Pedocchi's resounding triumphs and unwavering commitment to excellence solidify his status as an indomitable force within the realm of sales and negotiation. His revolutionary methodologies and unparalleled track record continue to shape and inspire businesses worldwide, setting him apart as an exemplary figure in the ever-evolving landscape of sales and negotiation.

== References ==
https://www.justdial.com/JdSocial/news/1615032752742000

https://www.openthenews.com/tag/christian-carmine-pedocchi/

https://www.timebulletin.com/the-benefits-of-using-the-frictionless-protocol-in-consultive-sales/

https://in.style.yahoo.com/christian-carmine-pedocchi-spearheads-ccp-112321569.html

https://finance.yahoo.com/christian-carmine-pedocchi-spearheads-ccp-112321569.html

https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/christian-carmine-pedocchi-spearheads-ccp-112321569.html?src=rss

https://www.dailynews24.it/christian-pedocchi-si-racconta-in-esclusiva/

== External Link ==
https://www.theexpresswire.com/pressrelease/How-CCP-has-Helped-Multinational-Companies-Triple-their-Turnovers_17629718

https://www.ustimesnow.com/the-successful-frictionless-technique-created-by-the-ceo-of-ccp-consulting-that-revolutionized-the-sales-industry/

https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/christian-carmine-pedocchi-spearheads-ccp-consulting-as-it-leads-the-digital-marketing-and-sales-industry-2356536.html

https://lawire.com/christian-carmine-pedocchi-of-ccp-consulting-on-revolutionizing-the-networking-marketing-industry-with-his-innovative-efforts/

usreporter.com/christian-carmine-pedocchi-emerges-as-a-powerhouse-and-revolutionises-the-network-marketing-industry/

thechicagojournal.com/christian-carmine-pedocchis-ccp-consulting-elevates-and-revolutionizes-the-network-marketing-industry/

The FIX (company)

2026-04-29T19:18:03Z

WikiMaster: /* External Links */ small correction

'''The FIX''' is an international mobile device repair and accessories retail franchisor headquartered in New Jersey, United States. The company operates a growing network of 256 retail stores and kiosks offering smartphone, tablet, and electronic repair services, along with consumer electronics and tech-focused fashion accessories. In addition to its widespread presence across the United States, The FIX also operates locations in Europe.

== History ==
The FIX was founded in 2013 by two co-founders with extensive experience in the retail accessories and tech repair industries. The concept originated from informal meetings in a coffee shop, where the founders envisioned a retail brand that would uniquely combine device repair services with emerging tech fashion and new-to-market consumer electronics.

The company began by converting existing "Fix Color N More" kiosks into The FIX-branded outlets. The first flagship store was opened in New Jersey the same year. The brand quickly earned recognition for its fast repair services and customer-first approach, leading to rapid expansion into major shopping malls and retail centers across the United States.

In 2020, The FIX added two new partners—long-time executives instrumental in the company's growth—who played a key role in ensuring operational sustainability and strategic development during a challenging time for retail businesses.

In 2024, The FIX introduced its "store-in-store" concept by partnering with Walmart, the largest retailer in the U.S., aiming to make its services even more accessible to local communities.

== Expansion and Operations ==
As of April 2026, The FIX operates over 260 locations worldwide through a franchise model. Its retail presence spans high-traffic areas such as shopping malls, local centers, and in-store setups within major retail chains like Walmart.

The company offers same-day repair services for mobile phones, tablets, and other consumer electronics, as well as a curated range of accessories and smart tech products. Its emphasis on customer experience, innovation, and design has positioned it as a standout brand in the tech repair and retail industry.

== International Presence ==
In addition to its U.S. operations, The FIX has expanded into Europe, establishing stores in select countries, including 9 locations in Germany. The brand continues to grow its international footprint through strategic partnerships and franchise development, bringing its services and products to a broader global audience.

== External Links ==

* [https://thefixsolutions.com Official website]

The FIX (company)

2026-04-29T19:17:38Z

WikiMaster:

MediaWiki:Titleblacklist

2026-04-28T11:19:22Z

WikiMaster:

# This is a title blacklist. Titles and users that match a regular expression here cannot be created.
# Use "#" for comments.
# This is case insensitive by default.*
.* cust 0mer.*
.* l1ne.*
.* loan.*
.* 🛩.*
.*45644.*
.*802.*
.*808.*
.*830.*
.*877.*
.*888.*
.*96ace.*
.*+ ?i.*
.*+ ?l.*
.*+9715.*
.*a journey.*
.*a1r .*
.*acid.*
.*acupuncture.*
.*air lines reservation.*
.*air lines.*
.*air-line.*
.*airline.*
.*all.*irls.*
.*allegiant helpdes.*
.*alr .*
.*amazon.*
.*ativan.*
.*back pain.*
.*bonus.*
.*butyric.*
.*c0nt.*
.*cance1l.*
.*cancel.*
.*cancellation.*
.*cardiovascular.*
.*casino.*
.*cbd.*
.*chiropractor.*
.*choosing.*
.*credit.*
.*dental.*
.*dermatology.*
.*discount.*
.*DMS®.*
.*eicher.*
.*empower.*
.*enhanc.*
.*escorts.*
.*fligh\\s.*
.*flyt.*
.*foreign exchange.*
.*forex.*
.*fx .*
.*girls.*
.*http.*
.*igaming.*
.*injection.*
.*insurance.*
.*invisalign.*
.*irls agency.*
.*iot.*
.*iso certification.*
.*jetblue.*
.*kasyno.*
.*katana.*
.*liposuction.*
.*lortab.*
.*lunesta.*
.*magento.*
.*money-back.*
.*orthodonti.*
.*oxycodone .*
.*painkiller.*
.*ph0ne number.*
.*pharma.*
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.*rupee.*
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.*Stainless Steel.*
.*streamlining.*
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.*trading.*
.*tramadol.*
.*treatment.*
.*valium.*
.*veins.*
.*without prescription.*
.*xanax .*
.*ℂaℒℒ.*
.*ℊℐℝℒ.*
.*☎️.*
.*☮️.*
.*♎.*
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.*⭕.*
.*𝔼scort.*
.*𝕔all.*
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.*🛺.*
.*🤖.*
.*🤡.*
.*🥳.*
.*🦜.*
.*🧰.*
.*🧿.*
.*🪐.*
.*get .*

Brent Ritz

2026-04-25T11:14:46Z

WikiMaster: Removed protection from "Brent Ritz"

{{Infobox person
| name = Brent Ritz
| image =
[[File:Brent Ritz .png|thumb]]
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1968|12|16}}
| birth_place =[[Van Nuys]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]]
| nationality =[[American]]
| occupation =[[Entrepreneur]] and Founder of [[UBER]]
| organization = UBER
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| website =
}}

'''Brent Ritz''' was born on December 16, 1968, in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, United States. He is an American entrepreneur and the Founder, Chairman, and Architect of UBER<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Developer Profile|url=https://developers.google.com/profile/u/me|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Google Developers|language=en}}</ref>, and the company was founded in 2006. He has been involved in the development of a number of the world’s number one brands.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ritz|first=Brent|title=Brent Ritz|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/author/brent-ritz|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Entrepreneur|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
During his time as the Managing Director of Black Diamond Fund / H.P. Walsh and Associates (PTY) LTD, he worked with his former colleagues from Executive Outcomes, South African Secret Service, and the Ex-Company Director of Anglo American / DeBeers as a Private Military Contractor. Together they managed the world’s most successful Intelligence Agency and largest Private Army in the last thirty years. In addition, numerous markets were made in many countries.

Brent Ritz is noted for a 100% mission success rate and being actively involved in more major national and international operations than any other individual. Capabilities included Executive Management – Fourth, Four + & Fifth Generation Digital IT for both Government and corporate applications. Diplomatic Relations and Procurement, Head of State and Royal Family Security, Foreign Military Advisement – Seventeen Countries, Government Enforcement with Discretionary Authority, Intelligence, Off the Shelf, Special Operations, Black Operations, Secured Communications, GSM, Satellite Feed, RF Tracking, Cyber Warfare, and Tracking, Fully Armed Stealth & Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Helicopter Gunships, Fixed Wing Assault Aircraft, Support Aircraft, and all ground equipment. 400 personnel in intelligence, operations, and support logistics. 6,000 combat-ready assault troops on twenty-four-hour fast-ready notice for full deployment.

At American Capital, Brent and his family funded one of the largest Charitable Life Insurance Programs in the United States. He still maintains that relationship today. This 501c3 maintains close to 11,000,000 members.

In 2004, at age twenty-four, he was the number one real estate broker in the United States at Coldwell Banker and a Director of Coldwell Banker Premier Properties. He made the company the number one Coldwell Banker franchise in the United States. It was sold shortly thereafter to Coldwell Banker.<ref>{{Cite web|last=REALTORS®|first=San Mateo County Association of|title=Find a REALTOR® - Brent Ritz, UBER (San Mateo County Association...|url=https://www.samcar.org/realtor-brent-ritz-6fba9ab96aa12c4c9d01e74b66a74485.htm|access-date=2022-02-08|website=San Mateo County Association of REALTORS®|language=en}}</ref>

==Before Fame==
Ritz studied design, [[real estate]], business administration, and [[law]].

==Trivia==
At one point in time, Ritz maintained 16 qualifications and licenses, primarily in finance.

Brent Ritz was active in Martial Arts, having studied nine different styles in his early years. He was actively involved in Body Building and Power Lifting. He now casually plays golf for recreation; weight lifts and enjoys hiking to maintain a physically fit lifestyle.

==Personal Life==
Brent Ritz was born on December 16, 1968, in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, United States. He spends most of his time making UBER<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brent Ritz - Founder - UBER {{!}} Business Profile|url=https://www.apollo.io/people/Brent/Ritz/5570968d7369644e132b5d00|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Apollo.io}}</ref> a better travel company. He enjoys meeting new people from all cultures and walks of life, traveling, architecture, and the humanities.

==External Links==
*[https://www.instagram.com/ritzbrent/ Instagram]
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/brentritz/ LinkedIn]
*[https://twitter.com/TheAfricanLion Twitter]
*[https://www.facebook.com/brent.ritz.1/ Facebook]

==Reference==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Philanthropist]]
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Founder]]
[[Category:CEO]]
[[Category:Founder of UBER]]
[[Category:CEO of UBER]]

Brent Ritz

2026-04-25T11:08:14Z

WikiMaster: Undo revision 6060766 by WikiMasterBot2 (talk)

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Communication Platforms

2026-04-21T20:30:47Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edits by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by William Charest

Communication has changed. Not slowly — fast. Within a single decade, the way people send messages, join meetings, and interact online has been reshaped almost entirely by artificial intelligence. Most users don't notice it. But it's there, quietly working behind every autocomplete suggestion, every spam filter, every chatbot that answers at 3 a.m.

AI is no longer a feature. It's the foundation.

== Smarter Filters, Cleaner Inboxes ==
Think about email. The average office worker receives '''[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2019/apr/08/how-many-work-emails-is-too-many 121 emails per day]'''. Without AI-powered filtering, most inboxes would be unusable. Gmail alone blocks more than 100 million spam messages every single day using machine learning models that improve continuously.

These systems don't just block obvious junk. They learn. They adapt to individual behavior, recognizing what a specific user considers important — and what they don't.

== Autocomplete and Predictive Text ==
Short. Fast. Effortless. That's what people want from messaging today.

Predictive text engines — the kind built into iMessage, Gmail's Smart Compose, and WhatsApp — use large language models trained on billions of examples. They don't just guess the next word. They guess tone, context, urgency. A message typed in seconds might have been shaped by dozens of micro-predictions the user barely noticed.

== Real-Time Translation: Tearing Down Walls ==
Here's something remarkable. A person in London and a person in Tokyo can now have a fluid, natural conversation in their own languages simultaneously. You can easily connect to [https://callmechat.com/video-chat-with-women '''CallMeChat'''] and find strangers with different native languages and communicate seamlessly. There are text translators like DeepL and Microsoft Translator, as well as real-time translators like Google Translate.

In 2023, DeepL reported over 1 billion translations per day. That number keeps growing. Language, once one of the biggest barriers in global communication, is shrinking — fast.

== AI Moderation: The Invisible Referee ==
Online spaces get messy. Harassment, hate speech, misinformation — they spread quickly. Human moderators can't keep up. There are simply too many posts, comments, and messages generated every second.

Enter AI moderation. Facebook's systems review roughly 100,000 pieces of content per second. YouTube removes millions of videos each quarter using automated detection before a single human reviews them. It's imperfect — false positives happen, context gets lost — but without AI, the problem would be completely unmanageable.

== The Rise of Conversational AI ==
Chatbots used to be terrible. Everyone remembers. Circular menus, frustrating dead ends, answers that didn't match the question.

That era is over. Modern AI assistants — built on models like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini — hold genuine conversations. They resolve customer service issues, answer technical questions, schedule meetings, and summarize documents. According to Salesforce, 69% of consumers now prefer chatbots for quick communication with brands. That preference is growing every year.

== Voice, Tone, and Emotion Detection ==
AI is learning to read between the lines. Not just what you say — how you say it.

Platforms like Zoom and Microsoft Teams have begun experimenting with sentiment analysis tools that detect frustration, confusion, or disengagement during calls. Call centers use voice AI to flag emotional tension in real time, alerting human agents when a customer is about to hang up in anger. This sounds futuristic. It's already deployed.

== Personalization at Scale ==
Every feed looks different. Every recommendation feels personal. That's not a coincidence — it's an algorithm.

AI analyzes behavior: what users click, how long they linger, what they skip. LinkedIn adjusts which posts appear in your feed. Slack surfaces the conversations it predicts you'll find most relevant. Notification systems decide what's urgent and what can wait. Personalization has moved from marketing gimmick to core infrastructure.

== Accessibility Gets Real ==
For millions of people, AI in communication isn't a convenience — it's essential.

Live captions, powered by AI speech recognition, allow deaf and hard-of-hearing users to fully participate in video calls. Screen readers have become dramatically more accurate. Google's Live Transcribe app achieves over 90% accuracy in real-time captioning across dozens of languages. Communication platforms are becoming genuinely inclusive in ways that were technically impossible just five years ago.

== The Concerns We Can't Ignore ==
None of this comes without tradeoffs. AI systems carry bias — they learn from human data, and human data has plenty of it. Moderation tools have been shown to disproportionately flag content from certain communities. Translation errors can distort meaning in ways that cause real harm.

Privacy is another issue. AI personalization requires data — lots of it. Every preference, habit, and behavior feeds the model. Users often don't fully understand what they're agreeing to.

== What Comes Next ==
The gap between human communication and AI-assisted communication is closing. Fast.

Voice synthesis can now replicate a person's voice from just a few seconds of audio. AI avatars can hold video meetings on someone's behalf. Real-time coaching tools whisper suggestions to salespeople mid-call. These aren't prototypes — they exist now, deployed in enterprise platforms.

== A Tool, Not a Replacement ==
AI has not replaced human connection. It has changed its shape.

People still want to feel heard. They still want authenticity. What AI does — when it works well — is remove the friction: the language barrier, the delayed response, the overwhelming inbox, the inaccessible interface. It clears the path so the actual conversation can happen. That's the real role of artificial intelligence in modern communication. Not to speak for us. To help us speak better.

Topic:Zceos600hrqyysgd

2026-04-20T12:37:55Z

WikiMaster (talk | contribs) commented on "Page marked for speedy deletion" (Hello, yes ?)

10 Eleven Restaurant and Lounge

2026-04-16T20:16:11Z

WikiMaster:

Ywxfgzuqel

2026-04-09T13:56:03Z

WikiMaster: Replaced content with "{{SPAM|forbidden=yes|topic=Gambling}}"

Jessie Jong Chung Jin

2026-04-09T13:24:23Z

WikiMaster: Reverted edits by WikiMasterBot2 (talk) to last revision by Jcjong

{{Infobox person
| name = Jong Chung Jin
| given name = Jessie
| honorific prefix = Adjunct Professor
| birth_date = 1971-05-30
| nationality = Malaysia
| education = Doctor of Business Administration
| MainAdvanced = Yes
| native_name = 张从真
| birth_place = Kota Kinabalu
| alma_mater = North Borneo University
| height = 169
| weight kg = 65
| occupation = Executive Director
| organisation = United Intra Resources Sdn Bhd
| title = Adjunct Professor, ASDK
| OqAdvanced = Yes
| known_for = Smart Ageing systems strategist and cross-sector governance advisor in Sabah
| works = Building Sabah’s Smart Ageing Nation: From Policy Gaps to Sustainable Systems; Designing a Smart Ageing Blueprint for Sabah: Integrating Policy, Community Ecosystems, and Regional Realities
| polAdvanced = No
| famAdvanced = No
| website = https://sites.google.com/view/adj-prof-jessie-jong-chung-jin
| facebook = jessie.jong.5/
| linkedin = adj-prof-jessie-jong-chung-jin-asdk-mim-ca-m-fcca-517b62122
}}
== Early Life ==
Jessie Jong Chung Jin was born in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. She trained in accounting and finance and is a member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), with early professional experience in auditing, corporate finance, and investment-related functions.

== Career ==
Jessie is a Sabah-based strategist and advisor operating across business, governance, and social development. Her background includes real estate investment, asset stewardship, and strategic advisory, with involvement in commercial property and hospitality assets.

She serves as an Adjunct Professor in Business Administration, contributing to applied research and system-level discourse in sustainable development. Her work is centred on Smart Ageing, with a focus on integrating policy frameworks, community ecosystems, and institutional coordination in response to demographic transition in Sabah and East Malaysia.

Jessie is engaged in cross-sector platforms involving productivity, rural development, and community capacity building. Her contributions include research-informed perspectives and advisory input aimed at aligning strategic intent with implementation realities, particularly in areas related to ageing, caregiving systems, and social sustainability.

She has been recognised on national and regional platforms highlighting women leaders and contributors, reflecting her role in advancing Smart Ageing, governance alignment, and community-based development.

== Personal Life ==
Jong is based in Sabah, Malaysia, where she is involved in initiatives related to community development, sustainability, and ageing populations.

== References ==

=== Academic ===

* Jong, C. J. (2026). ''Designing a Smart Ageing Blueprint for Sabah: Integrating Policy, Community Ecosystems, and Regional Realities''. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v11i3.3690</nowiki>

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=== Media & Features ===

* “Sabah Adj. Prof. Jessie Jong Recognised at 100 Wanita Inspirasi Nasional 2026.” Sabah News Today.
* FavStyle Magazine. ''Women of Impact & Inspiration – Sabah 2026''.
* Sin Chew Daily. ''Sabah Celebrities Bio Collection'' (feature).

----

=== Institutional Recognition ===

* 100 Wanita Inspirasi Nasional 2026 (IKSnita Sabah, Malaysia Productivity Corporation, Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar, Majlis Pembangunan Wanita Sabah, Lincoln University College)
* Ahli Setia Darjah Kinabalu (ASDK), conferred by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah (2023)