EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki - User contributions [en]

Kim Howe

2026-06-27T10:31:56Z

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2026-06-27T02:37:24Z

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*[[ZCAS University]]
*[[Zambia University College Of Technology]]
*[[Yassine Bouchama]]
*[[William ApMadoc]]
*[[West Java (1950-2000)]]
*[[Thelliyaragaram]]
*[[The Continental Walk for Disarmament & Social Justice]]
*[[Shahdad Rind]]
*[[Shahbaz Ali Malik]]
*[[Saidapet taluk]]
*[[Protected areas of Washington (state)]]

ZCAS University

2026-06-26T15:25:07Z

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox university
| name = ZCAS University
| native_name =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = Aspire, Acquire and Prosper
| mottoeng =

| established = {{Start date|2016}} (Parent institution founded in 1989)
| type = [[Private university]] (State-owned subsidiary)
| affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA)
| chancellor = Dr. Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula
| vice_chancellor = Prof. Edwin Kachesa Bbenkele
| city = [[Lusaka]]
| country = [[Zambia]]

| coor = {{coord|15.412|S|28.308|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Urban (Dedan Kimathi Road, Lusaka)

| colors = {{colorbox|Navy}} {{colorbox|Gold}}
| nickname = ZCASU

| website = {{URL|https://zcasu.edu.zm/}}
}}

'''ZCAS University''' ('''ZCASU''') is a higher education institution located in [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]].<ref name="HEARegistry">{{cite report |title=Registered Private Higher Education Institutions |url=https://hea.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Advert-of-Gazette-Notice-of-List-of-HEIs-1st-Qtr-2020-15.04.20.pdf |publisher=Higher Education Authority (HEA) |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> It is formally recognized by the [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA) as a ZQF Level 10 Tier-1 institution, legally permitted to offer learning programs up to the doctoral (PhD) degree level.<ref name="HEAGazette2026">{{cite web |title=HEA Gazettes 2026 University Classifications |url=https://hea.org.zm/hea-gazettes-2026-university-classifications/ |publisher=Higher Education Authority (HEA) |date=12 May 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== History ==
The university operates as a primary academic subsidiary of the **Zambia Centre for Accountancy Studies** (ZAS), which was originally established by an Act of Parliament in 1989 to train professional accountants.<ref name="ZCASProfile">{{cite web |title=Our Profile – ZCAS University |url=https://zcasu.edu.zm/our-profile/ |publisher=ZCAS University |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

To expand its mandate from purely professional qualifications to academic paths, ZCAS University was incorporated and officially registered as a higher education provider in 2016.<ref name="HEARegistry"/> In late 2025, the university officially attained Tier One classification status under the Zambian national qualifications framework.<ref name="Appointments2025">{{cite web |title=ZCAS University Attains Tier One Status, Appoints Leadership |url=https://www.facebook.com/emmanuel.mwamba.35/posts/appointmentsdr-edwin-bbenkelea-professor-emeritus-of-marketing-and-entrepreneurs/10238980375308543/ |publisher=Falcon News via Socials |date=9 October 2025 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Campus ==
The university's main urban campus is located at Plot 5309, **Dedan Kimathi Road**, in the central business region of Lusaka.<ref name="HEARegistry"/> The infrastructure features computer laboratories, modern lecture theaters, and a specialized electronic library to aid distance learning.

== Academics ==
ZCAS University runs over 40 undergraduate options and 14 postgraduate programs.<ref name="ZCASProfile"/> It utilizes a dual-delivery method, giving students options for full-time face-to-face instruction or Open and Distance Learning (ODL) formats.<ref name="HEARegistry"/>

The university divides its courses among four core faculties:<ref name="ZCASProfile"/>
* School of Business
* School of Computing
* School of Law
* School of Social Sciences

== Governance ==
The institution is overseen by the University Council and directed by its chief executive panels:<ref name="ZCASProfile"/>
* **Chancellor:** Dr. Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula (Former Deputy Governor of the Bank of Zambia)<ref name="Appointments2025"/>
* **Vice-Chancellor:** Prof. Edwin Kachesa Bbenkele<ref name="HEABbenkele">{{cite web |title=SPEAKER SPOTLIGHT: Professor Bbenkele Champions Sustainable Investment |url=https://hea.org.zm/speaker-spotlight-professor-bbenkele-champions-sustainable-investment-in-higher-education/ |publisher=Higher Education Authority (HEA) |date=24 September 2025 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of universities in Zambia]]
* [[Education in Zambia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://zcasu.edu.zm/}}

{{Universities in Zambia}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Universities in Zambia]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2016]]
[[Category:Lusaka]]
}}

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Edithistory:ZCAS University

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{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361099588 || 2026-06-25T16:46:02Z || Zackmann08 || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361099580 || 2026-06-25T16:46:01Z || Zackmann08 || <nowiki>Zackmann08 moved page [[ZCAS University]] to [[Draft:ZCAS University]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: promotional/ad, machine-generated</nowiki>
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| 1361098780 || 2026-06-25T16:40:29Z || Munjunga || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361094585 || 2026-06-25T16:11:34Z || Munjunga || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Infobox university | name = ZCAS University | motto = Aspire, Acquire and Prosper | established = {{Start date|2016}} (Parent institution 1989) | type = [[Public university|State-owned university]] (Subsidiary) | affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA) - Tier 1 | chancellor = Dr. Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula | vice_chancellor = Prof. Edwin Bbenkele | city = [[Lusaka]] | country = Zambi...'</nowiki>
|}

Zambia University College Of Technology

2026-06-26T15:24:47Z

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{{Infobox university
| name = Zambia University College of Technology
| native_name =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption =

| established = {{Start date|1972}} (Opened as training facility) {{Start date|2022}} (Established as university college)
| type = [[Public university|Public University College]]
| affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA)
| executive_director = Dr. Betty Shitima Bweupe
| head_academics = Gabriel Musonda
| city = [[Ndola]]
| state = [[Copperbelt Province]]
| country = [[Zambia]]

| coor = {{coord|12.964|S|28.653|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Urban (Northrise, Ndola)
| nickname = ZUT
| motto = Peak of Technical and Business Excellence

| website = {{URL|https://www.zut.ac.zm/}}
}}

'''Zambia University College of Technology''' ('''ZUT'''), formerly known as the '''Zambia ICT College''' or '''Zamtel College''', is a public higher education institution located in [[Ndola]], [[Copperbelt Province]], [[Zambia]].<ref name="ZUTAbout">{{cite web|title=About Us - Zambia University College of Technology|url=https://zut.ac.zm/about-us|publisher=Zambia University College of Technology|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> It is formally recognized by the government as a National ICT Centre of Excellence, offering specialized degree, diploma, and professional programs in technology, engineering, and business.<ref name="ZUTAbout"/>

== History ==
The institution was officially opened in 1972 by Fwanyanga Mulikita, the then Minister of Power, Transport, and Communication.<ref name="LinkedInProfile">{{cite web|title=Zambia University College of Technology Overview|url=https://zm.linkedin.com/company/zambia-ict-college|publisher=LinkedIn|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> It was constructed with technical support from the [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) to provide specialized in-service training for staff working under the Post and Telecommunications Corporation (PTC), which then managed Zamtel and Zampost.<ref name="LinkedInProfile"/>

In 2010, following the privatization of Zamtel, the Zambian government transferred the caretaker responsibilities of the college over to the [[Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority]] (ZICTA) under the Ministry of Transport and Communications.<ref name="LinkedInProfile"/> It was subsequently rebranded as the '''Zambia Information and Communication Technology College''' (ZICTC).

In 2022, the facility was structurally reorganized and formally transformed into a public university college, gaining its current name: the '''Zambia University College of Technology''' (ZUT). It stands as a registered higher education provider under the Higher Education (Amendment) Act.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Director-General's Familiarisation Tour of HEIs|url=https://hea.org.zm/picture-diary-the-director-generals-familiarisation-tour-of-heis/|publisher=Higher Education Authority (HEA) Zambia|date=28 August 2023|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Campus ==
The university campus is located in the Northrise suburb of Ndola, situated along Kalewa Road near the Arthur Davison Children's Hospital. The urban campus houses modern engineering laboratories, specialized computing hubs, a digital library, and testing facilities.

== Academics ==
ZUT operates specialized academic sections focused on digital transformation and industry-driven curricula. It has prominent institutional training partnerships, functioning as a registered Huawei Academy Centre and a CISCO Certified Network Associate (CCNA) training hub.

=== Academic Programs ===
The institution awards certificates, diplomas, and undergraduate degrees including:<ref name="LinkedInProfile"/>
* [[Computer Science]]
* [[Cyber Security]]
* [[Software Engineering]]
* [[Electrical engineering|Electrical and Electronics Engineering]]
* [[Robotics]] and Automation
* [[Telecommunication]] Engineering
* Purchasing and Supply Chain Management
* Business Administration

== Governance ==
The institution's administrative team is led by:
* **Executive Director:** Dr. Betty Shitima Bweupe<ref name="ZUTAbout"/>
* **Head of Academics:** Gabriel Musonda<ref name="ZUTAbout"/>
* **Head of Finance:** Charles M'shanga<ref name="ZUTAbout"/>

== See also ==
* [[List of universities in Zambia]]
* [[Education in Zambia]]
* [[Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.zut.ac.zm/}}

{{Universities in Zambia}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Universities in Zambia]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1972]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2022]]
[[Category:Ndola]]
[[Category:Copperbelt Province]]
}}

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{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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Edithistory:Zambia University College Of Technology

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{| class="wikitable"
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| 1361099658 || 2026-06-25T16:46:26Z || Zackmann08 || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361099651 || 2026-06-25T16:46:25Z || Zackmann08 || <nowiki>Zackmann08 moved page [[Zambia University College Of Technology]] to [[Draft:Zambia University College Of Technology]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: machine-generated</nowiki>
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| 1361095324 || 2026-06-25T16:17:05Z || Munjunga || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Infobox university | name = Zambia University College of Technology | native_name = | image_name = | image_size = | caption = | established = {{Start date|1972}} (Opened as training facility) {{Start date|2022}} (Established as university college) | type = [[Public university|Public University College]] | affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA) | executive_director = Dr. Betty Shitima...'</nowiki>
|}

Yassine Bouchama

2026-06-26T15:24:24Z

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
'''Yassine Bouchama''' ({{Langx|ary|ياسين بوشامة}}) is a [[Moroccans in Germany|Moroccan-German]] professional [[footballer]] who plays as a [[Central midfield|central midfielder]] for [[3. Liga]] club [[Preußen Münster]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yassine Bouchama - Player profile 25/26 |url=https://www.transfermarkt.us/yassine-bouchama/profil/spieler/440108 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=www.transfermarkt.us |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox football biography
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|5|28}}
| birth_place = [[Essen]], [[Germany]]
| height = 1,84 m
| position = Central midfield
| currentclub = [[Preußen Münster]]
| clubnumber = 5
| youthclubs1 = SpVg Schonnebeck
| youthclubs2 = [[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]]
| youthclubs3 = [[FC Kray]]
| youthyears2 = –2013
| youthyears3 = 2013–2016
| clubs1 = [[FC Bocholt]]
| clubs2 = FC Kray
| clubs3 = [[SV Straelen]]
| clubs4 = [[Phönix Lübeck]]
| clubs5 = [[VfB Homberg]]
| clubs6 = [[Preußen Münster]]
| years1 = 2016
| years2 = 2016–2020
| years3 = 2020–2021
| years4 = 2021
| years5 = 2022
| years6 = 2022–
| caps1 = 3
| goals1 = 0
| caps2 = 84
| goals2 = 33
| caps3 = 29
| goals3 = 0
| caps4 = 6
| goals4 = 1
| caps5 = 17
| goals5 = 3
| caps6 = 112
| goals6 = 14
}}

== Personal life ==
Bouchama's cousin, [[Amin Bouzraa]], plays as a [[right winger]] for [[Wuppertaler SV]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{SC Preußen Münster squad}}
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Yassine Bouchama

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{| class="wikitable"
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|----
| 1361131333 || 2026-06-25T21:14:21Z || JTtheOG || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361131328 || 2026-06-25T21:14:20Z || JTtheOG || <nowiki>JTtheOG moved page [[Yassine Bouchama]] to [[Draft:Yassine Bouchama]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: more sources needed</nowiki>
|----
| 1361066770 || 2026-06-25T11:46:41Z || SVS Shadow || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with ''''Yassine Bouchama''' ({{Langx|ary|ياسين بوشامة}}) is a [[Moroccans in Germany|Moroccan-German]] professional [[footballer]] who plays as a [[Central midfield|central midfielder]] for [[3. Liga]] club [[Preußen Münster]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yassine Bouchama - Player profile 25/26 |url=https://www.transfermarkt.us/yassine-bouchama/profil/spieler/440108 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=www.transfermarkt.us |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox foot...'</nowiki>
|}

William ApMadoc

2026-06-26T15:23:57Z

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{{Short description|Welsh-American musician and lyricist (1844–1916)}}
{{Draft topics|biography|north-america}}
{{AfC topic|bdp}}
{{AfC submission|||ts=20260626003502|u=Apmadoc|ns=118}}
{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = William ApMadoc
| birth_date = {{birth date|1844|3|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Maesteg]], [[Glamorganshire]], Wales
| death_date = {{death date and age|1916|8|12|1844|3|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S.
| resting_place = Mt. Hope Cemetery, Chicago
| occupation = Musician, lyricist, music educator
| spouse = Elizabeth Jones (m. c. 1870; d. 1923)
}}

'''William ApMadoc''' (19 March 1844 – 12 August 1916) was a Welsh-American musician, lyricist, music educator, and choral adjudicator. Born in [[Maesteg]], [[Glamorganshire]], Wales, he emigrated to the United States in 1864 and settled in [[Chicago]], where he worked as a music educator and wrote texts for choral and sacred works. He is noted for writing the libretto and song texts for several works by composer [[William Rhys-Herbert]], including the cantata ''Bethany'' (1909); for serving as an official judge at the choral competitions of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] (Chicago, 1893) and the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] (St. Louis, 1904); and for publishing what has been identified as the earliest known print version of the anecdote behind the phrase "[[The dog ate my homework]]."<ref name="slate">Forrest Wickman, [http://www.slate.com/articles/life/explainer/2012/10/did_anybody_ever_believe_the_excuse_the_dog_ate_my_homework_.html "Why Do We Say 'The Dog Ate My Homework'?"], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', 9 October 2012.</ref>

== Early life ==

William ApMadoc was born on 19 March 1844 in [[Maesteg]], Llangyniwd Parish, [[Glamorganshire]], Wales, the son of John Maddock (b. 1814, [[Pembrokeshire]]) and Frances (b. 1843, Wales). He was baptised on 13 July 1848. His surname is a Welsh [[patronymic]] meaning "son of Madoc."

== Immigration and early career ==

ApMadoc emigrated to the United States in 1864, settling first in [[Utica, New York]], which had a substantial Welsh immigrant community. Passenger records also show him arriving aboard the SS ''City of Montreal'' on 12 October 1878, suggesting a return visit to Wales and subsequent re-emigration.

During his time in Utica, he co-founded a Welsh-language children's monthly periodical, ''Blodau Yr Oes A'r Ysgol'' ("Flowers of the Age and the School"), co-published with T. Solomon Griffiths and printed by T. J. Griffiths of Utica from 1872 to 1875, when it was sold to new editors. The publication is catalogued in the Welsh Imprints collection at Utica College.<ref>Eugene Paul Nassar, ''Welsh Imprints of Central New York'', Utica College Ethnic Heritage Studies Center, 1998.</ref>

He subsequently moved to [[Chicago]], Illinois.

== Career ==

=== Music education ===

In Chicago, ApMadoc served as music director of the city's public high schools, holding the title of Professor. He is also listed as instructor of Public School Music on the faculty of the [[Conservatory of Chicago|Conservatory of Chicago]] (located in the [[Auditorium Building, Chicago|Auditorium Building]]) in an advertisement published in the ''Fine Arts Journal'' in December 1912, alongside other faculty members including Walton Perkins and Arthur Dunham.<ref>''Fine Arts Journal'', Vol. 27, No. 6 (December 1912), advertisement for The Conservatory of Chicago.</ref>

=== Music journalism ===

ApMadoc contributed a regular music column to ''[[The Cambrian (magazine)|The Cambrian]]'', a magazine for [[Welsh Americans]] published between 1880 and 1919. Contributions are documented in at least Volume 21 (1901) and Volume 25 (1905).<ref>''The Cambrian'', Vol. 21 (1901), p. 310; Vol. 25, No. 9 (September 1905), p. 396.</ref>

=== Adjudication ===

ApMadoc served as a choral adjudicator at Welsh-American eisteddfodau and [[Chautauqua]] circuit events across the United States from the 1880s through the 1910s. Contemporary newspaper reports document adjudication appearances in Ohio, Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and other states.

He was one of five official music judges at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] International Eisteddfod choral competition in Chicago in 1893, and again served as an official judge at the international choral contest of the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] in St. Louis in 1904, alongside William Pommer, Charles E. Allum, Edward Broome, and John Towers.<ref>World's Fair choral contest newspaper report (1904), ApMadoc family archive, www.apmadoc.net.</ref>

=== The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition ===

At the 1893 World's Fair, ApMadoc was appointed '''''Cofiadur''''' (Bardic Scribe) of an American branch of the [[Gorsedd|Welsh Gorsedd]] established in Chicago under the aegis of the Cymmrodorion Society of Chicago. The ''Galveston Daily News'' reported on 6 September 1893: "William Apmadoc of this city will be bardic scribe. Hereafter candidates will not find it necessary to go to Wales to be admitted."<ref>''Galveston Daily News'', 6 September 1893.</ref> This branch of the Gorsedd was subsequently abolished.

ApMadoc also wrote the libretto for a planned grand opera, ''The Maid of Cefn Ydfa'', with music by Dr. D. J. J. Mason of Wilkes-Barre, based on the Welsh legend of [[Ann Thomas (Maid of Cefn Ydfa)|Ann Thomas of Cefn Ydfa]]. The ''History of Luzerne County, Pa.'' (1893) records that "the libretto has been written by Prof. Apmadoc, of Chicago."<ref>H. C. Bradsby, ''History of Luzerne County, Pa.'' (1893), entry on Dr. D. J. J. Mason.</ref> The opera does not appear to have been performed.

== Lyrical work ==

ApMadoc wrote texts in both English and Welsh for choral works by other composers, most extensively for the Welsh-American composer [[William Rhys-Herbert]] (1868–1921). The Wikipedia article on Rhys-Herbert describes ApMadoc as his principal lyricist and notes that ApMadoc also co-founded a Welsh-language periodical in Utica, served as a music teacher in Chicago, and acted as ''Cofiadur'' at the 1893 World's Fair Gorsedd.<ref>[[William Rhys-Herbert]] (Wikipedia article), citing ApMadoc as lyricist and ''Cofiadur''.</ref>

His text for Rhys-Herbert's sacred cantata ''Bethany'' (1909) — part of a five-work cycle including ''Bethlehem'', ''The Nazarene'', ''Calvary'', and ''Olivet'' — was performed across the United States into the 1950s. A vocal duet, ''Ffarwel i'r Gwynt a'r Eira'' ("Farewell to the Wind and Snow"), with text by ApMadoc and music by Rhys-Herbert, was included in the syllabus of the [[Urdd Eisteddfod]] in Llandudno, Wales, in 2008.

ApMadoc also adapted Welsh texts for works by Dr. D. J. J. Mason, including the cantata ''O Be Joyful in God'', and wrote the libretto for Mason's opera ''The Maid of Cefn Ydfa''.<ref>Bradsby, ''History of Luzerne County'' (1893).</ref>

== "The dog ate my homework" ==

In September 1905, ApMadoc's music column in ''The Cambrian'' (Vol. XXV, No. 9, p. 396) contained an anecdote about a Welsh minister whose dog had eaten part of his sermon before a service. When the minister told the parish clerk, the clerk replied (in Welsh dialect English): "Couldn't you give our wicar a pup o' that 'ere dawg, sir?" ApMadoc used the story as a comment on over-long musical compositions.<ref name="cambrian">ApMadoc, William. "Music." ''The Cambrian'', Vol. XXV, No. 9, September 1905, p. 396. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hHkOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA396 Available at Google Books].</ref>

The ''Slate'' investigation into the origins of the phrase "the dog ate my homework" identified this column as the earliest known print version of the concept.<ref name="slate"/> The Wikipedia article on "[[The dog ate my homework]]" also cites the column on this basis. The [[Oxford English Dictionary]]'s first citation for the phrase as a student excuse dates to 1929, twenty-four years later.

== Family ==

ApMadoc married Elizabeth Jones (b. 12 January 1843, [[Llanddeiniolen]] Parish, [[Caernarvonshire]], Wales; d. 19 November 1923, Chicago). They had three sons: Oliver ApMadoc, Maurice Peris ApMadoc, and William Tudor ApMadoc Sr. Both William and Elizabeth are buried at Mt. Hope Cemetery, Chicago.

William Tudor ApMadoc Sr. (b. 20 September 1873, Utica, NY) graduated from the [[University of Michigan]] in 1896 and became an Illinois lawyer and civic official. He chaired the public dedications of the Alexander Hamilton Monument in [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]] (28 September 1918) and the Illinois Centennial Monument in [[Logan Square, Chicago|Logan Square]] (13 October 1918), both funded by the B. F. Ferguson Fund, as reported in the ''[[Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago]]''.<ref>''Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago'', Vol. 12, No. 8 (November 1918), pp. 131–132.</ref>

== Death ==

William ApMadoc died in Chicago on 12 August 1916, aged 72. His wife Elizabeth died on 19 November 1923. Both are buried at Mt. Hope Cemetery, Chicago.

== Selected works ==

=== As lyricist / librettist ===
* ''Bethany'' (cantata, 1909) — music by [[William Rhys-Herbert]]
* ''The Maid of Cefn Ydfa'' (opera libretto, 1893) — music by D. J. J. Mason
* ''O Be Joyful in God'' (cantata, Welsh text) — music by D. J. J. Mason
* ''Ffarwel i'r Gwynt a'r Eira'' (vocal duet) — music by [[William Rhys-Herbert]]
* Texts for other works by William Rhys-Herbert

=== As songwriter ===
Sheet music for the following songs, with words and music attributed to ApMadoc, is held in the Library of Congress and other collections:
* ''Abide With Me'' (White, Smith & Company, Boston, 1877) — Albany Institute of History & Art collection
* ''I Thought You Loved Me''
* ''Only a Face at the Window''
* ''She Never Blamed Him, Never''
* ''Soft Through the Night''
* ''Sun of My Soul''
* ''The Mother to Her Sleeping Child''
* ''The Reformed Blacksmith''
* ''Upon the Shore''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bradsby, H. C. ''History of Luzerne County, Pa.'' (1893)
* ''Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago'', Vol. 12, No. 8 (November 1918)
* ''Fine Arts Journal'', Vol. 27, No. 6 (December 1912)
* Nassar, Eugene Paul. ''Welsh Imprints of Central New York''. Utica College Ethnic Heritage Studies Center, 1998
* Wickman, Forrest. "Why Do We Say 'The Dog Ate My Homework'?" ''Slate'', 9 October 2012

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hHkOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA396 ApMadoc's ''Cambrian'' column, September 1905, p. 396] — Google Books

[[:Category:1844 births]]
[[:Category:1916 deaths]]
[[:Category:People from Maesteg]]
[[:Category:Welsh emigrants to the United States]]
[[:Category:Welsh-American musicians]]
[[:Category:American choral conductors]]
[[:Category:American music educators]]
[[:Category:Welsh composers]]
[[:Category:Temperance advocates]]
[[:Category:People from Chicago]]
[[:Category:People from Utica, New York]]
[[:Category:Burials in Illinois]]
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:William ApMadoc

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West Java (1950-2000)

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2026}}
{{unsourced|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| conventional_long_name = Province of West Java
| native_name = Provinsi Jawa Barat
| status_text = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province of Indonesia]]
| era =
| year_start = 1950
| date_start = 14 July
| event_start = Province established
| year_end = 2000
| date_end = 4 October
| event_end = Division of Banten
| capital = [[Bandung]]
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| p1 = State of Pasundan
| p2 = United States of Indonesia
| s1 = West Java
| s2 = Banten
| s3 = Jakarta
| flag_p1 = Coat of arms of the State of Pasundan.svg
| flag_p2 = Coat_of_arms_of_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg
| flag_s1 = Coat of arms of West Java.svg
| flag_s2 = Coat of arms of Banten.svg
| flag_s3 = Coat of Arms of Jakarta (1951-1963).svg
| image_flag =
| image_coat = Coat of arms of West Java.svg
| image_map = Eight Indonesian provinces - 1945.svg
| image_map_caption = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#FF8000|outline=#FF8000}} '''West Java''' before 1961}}
| image_map2 = Old map of West Java (before 2000).svg
| image_map2_caption = Map of West Java before 2000.
| stat_area1 = {{convert|17645|mi2|km2|0|disp=number}}
| stat_year1 = until 1961
| stat_area2 = {{convert|17389.65|mi2|km2|0|disp=number}}
| stat_year2 = until 2000
| stat_pop3 = 35,384,352
| stat_year3 = [[1990 Indonesian census|1990]]
| footnotes =
| common_name =
| flag_type =
| flag = State
| government_type = [[Province]]
| title_leader = Governor
| leader1 = Sewaka
| year_leader1 = 1950–1951
| leader2 = [[Nana Nuriana|Nana Nuriana]]
| year_leader2 = 1993–2000
| title_deputy = [[Governor_of_West_Java#List_of_governors|Vice Governor]]
| deputy1 = [[Ipik Gandamana]]
| year_deputy1 = 1950-1952
| deputy2 = Husein Jachjasaputra
| year_deputy2 = 1998-2000
| native_name_lang = [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]/[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
}}

'''West Java''', also referred to as '''Greater West Java''' or '''Old West Java''', was a [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] in [[Indonesia]] formed in 14 July 1950 by Law No. 11 of 1950 with Bandung as its capital. The province's territory includes the current provinces of [[West Java]] (1950-2000), [[Banten]] (1950-2000), and the autonomous city of [[Jakarta]] (1950-1961). The culture of this province is very diverse with the [[Bantenese people]] inhabiting the western region of this province, the [[Baduy people]] inhabiting the interior of [[Lebak Regency|Lebak]], the [[Betawi people]] inhabiting the area around [[Jakarta metropolitan area|Greater Jakarta]], and the [[Sundanese people]] inhabiting the eastern and northern regions of this province.

== Creation of West Java (1945-1950, 1950-present) ==

At the beginning of the founding of the [[:id:Sejarah_Indonesia_(1945–1949)|Republic of Indonesia]], West Java was one of the eight original provinces formed during the independence era through the PPKI ([[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence]]) session on 19 August 1945, with its first governor being [[Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo|Sutardjo Kertohadikusumo]]. This province consisted of five [[residencies]]: the [[:id:Keresidenan_Banten|Bantam Residency]] (Banten), the [[:id:Keresidenan_Jakarta|Batavia Residency]] (Jakarta), the [[:id:Keresidenan_Bogor|Buitenzorg Residency]] (Bogor), the [[:id:Keresidenan_Priangan|Preanger Residency]] (Priangan), and the [[:id:Keresidenan_Cirebon|Cheribon Residency]] (Cirebon).

Territories of West Java as of 1945:

* Bantam Residency
** Serang Regency
** Pandeglang Regency
** Lebak Regency
* Batavia Residency
** Tangerang Regency
** Bekasi Regency
** Stadsgemeente Batavia

In 1947, the Dutch attempted to establish a pro-Dutch state in the West Java region in the form of a republic called the Pasundan Republic, which would be led by [[:id:Musa_Suria_Kertalegawa|Raden Adipati Aria Moehammad Moesa Soeria Kartalegawa]], but this attempt failed.

In 1948, the Dutch tried again to establish a pro-Dutch state in the West Java region in the form of a federal state called the State of West Java, comprising the regions of Banten, Batavia Federal District, and Pasundan, and led by [[Wiranatakusumah V|Raden Aria Adipati Wiranatakusumah V]], and on 26 February 1948 this state was successfully established, and on 24 April 1948, the State of West Java officially changed its name to the State of Pasundan. But even though Wiranatakusumah V became the leader of the State of Pasundan, he did not hesitate to support the struggle for Indonesian independence, and on March 11, 1950, Wiranatakusumah V handed over the State of Pasundan to Indonesia, represented by his deputy, Djuarsa.

The re-establishment of this provincial area was based on Law No. 11 of 1950, the territory of this province includes the former areas of the Banten Residency, Batavia Residency, Buitenzorg Residency, Priangan Residency, and Cirebon Residency.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:West Java (1950-2000)

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| 1361138226 || 2026-06-25T22:19:03Z || Significa liberdade || <nowiki>Significa liberdade moved page [[West Java (1950-2000)]] to [[Draft:West Java (1950-2000)]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: no sources</nowiki>
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Thelliyaragaram

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2026}}
'''Thelliyaragaram''' is a revenue village in [[Kancheepuram district]], [[India]].

Thelliyaragaram stretches along the northern banks of the [[Porur Lake]] from [[Karambakkam]] in the east to [[Iyyappanthangal]] in the west. The [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]] and [[Dr. M. S. Swaminathan Eco Park]] are located in Thelliyaragaram. Thelliyaragaram is served by the [[Thelliyaragaram metro station]]. While in use for administrative purposes, the name "Thelliyaragaram" is not popular in common usage.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Villages in Kanchipuram district]]
[[Category:Revenue blocks in Kanchipuram district]]

}}
{{Kanchipuram-geo-stub}}
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{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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| 1360426593 || 2026-06-21T12:24:16Z || Ravichandar84 || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with ''''Thelliyaragaram''' is a revenue village in [[Kancheepuram district]], [[India]]. It stretches along the northern banks of the [[Porur Lake]] from [[Karambakkam]] in the east to [[Iyyappanthangal]] in the west. The [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]] and [[Dr. M. S. Swaminathan Eco Park]] are located in Thelliyaragaram. Thelliyaragaram is served by the [[Thelliyaragaram metro station]]. While in use for administrative purposes,...'</nowiki>
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The Continental Walk for Disarmament & Social Justice

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
During the 1976 U.S. Bicentennial, the [[War Resisters League]] (WRL) along with other organizations created an ambitious project to initiate the peace movement’s post-Vietnam War era. This project — The Continental Walk for Disarmament and Social Justice — demanded the United States begin the process of unilaterally disarming and reallocating tax dollars to fund programs providing inexpensive housing, guaranteed jobs, free education, accessible medical care for all, while combating blatant discrimination against women, people of color, immigrants, and other victims of wars and militarism.<ref>''The Continental Walk for Disarmament and Social Justice'', edited by Vickie Leonard and Tom MacLean, 112 pp, New York, NY, 1977</ref>

The Walk was a complex and massive project (the organizing of which lasted 23 months, including a year before the walking began) and not only because of the estimated 20,000 people who participated, whether for a day or the entire nine months. The three main routes converging on Washington DC — starting from San Francisco, New Orleans, and Boston — along with 19 other routes that fed into them covered 34 states and 8,000 miles before ending in Washington DC on October 16, 1976.

Though initiated by the WRL, the project grew into a broad coalition of a couple dozen national organizations as well as a half dozen international organizations. But, crucially, most of the day-to-day organizing was carried out by dozens (if not hundreds) of regional and local groups throughout the country.

==The Beginnings==
In September 1974 the U.S. war in Vietnam was nearing an end after having dominated WRL’s program for more than a decade. A new focus was in order, so a task force was set up during that fall to explore several anti-militarism/disarmament project ideas.<ref>https://www.warresisters.org/origins-reminiscences-of-the-continental-walk-50-years-later/</ref>

In January 1975 the task force decided the project consist of consecutive marches from community to community across the United States into one long walk with the focus on disarmament and a redistribution of tax money to underfunded social programs. The next month WRL's Executive Committee endorsed the Walk and began the process of reaching out to other organizations to co-sponsor.

The Walk was inspired, in part, by the 1961 San Francisco to Moscow Walk for Peace<ref> https://www.voluntownpeacetrust.org/a-peace-of-history-blog/organizing-the-san-francisco-to-moscow-walk-for-peace-1960-1961</ref><ref>''You Come with Naked Hands: The Story of the San Francisco to Moscow March for Peace'', Bradford Lyttle, 247 pp, Greenleaf Books, Raymond, NH, 1966</ref> 15 years earlier, but with the crucial difference that this new project would be coordinated relays between communities not just a single group of people crossing the entire country.

But even before the walking was set to begin, The Walk was attacked December 1975 in the ‘’Congressional Record’’ by Rep. [[Larry McDonald]] (D-GA) who remarked, “The call for the Continental Walk for Disarmament and Social Justice — the word ‘social’ was recently added lest the public mistakenly conclude that these activists were concerned with equal justice under law rather than with Marx’s plan for ‘social justice’ in a ‘classless’ Communist society — initiated with the War Resisters League” (p. 38047).<ref>https://www.congress.gov/94/crecb/1975/12/01/GPO-CRECB-1975-pt29-4-3.pdf</ref>

On the other hand, a few months later Senator [[Mike Gravel]] (D-AK) entered the entire call for The Walk into the ‘’Congressional Record’’<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1976-pt6/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1976-pt6-4-2.pdf</ref> stating “I am pleased to add my own name as a supporter of the Continental Walk” (p. 7134).

==Long Distance Walkers==
At first, there was no thought of long distance walkers but that changed very quickly when it was realized that extended stretches through deserts and unpopulated areas required a core of walkers who not only would fill in the gaps but also have available basic signs, banners, literature, provide political continuity, and be the adhesive that held the Walk together.

The first person to express interest in walking the entire main route contacted the project in May 1975, almost nine months before any walking began. By early September there were about a dozen — an optimal size it was thought — who expressed interest. However, that number continued to grow, such that even before walking had begun, it had swollen to an unmanageable 100. Furthermore, in December Japan Buddha Sangha/[[Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga]] offered to send peace monks from Japan to each of the three main routes.

==The Walking Begins==
'''San Francisco to Washington DC.''' Though the official onset of The Walk began on January 31, 1976 in San Francisco, a feeder route of walkers from Ukiah CA started 120 miles north on January 23. And that had been proceeded by a car caravan on January 1, which left from the Canadian-U.S. border heading to Ukiah.

Aside from the Washington DC finale, Bay Area organizers put together the largest and most extensive series of events during the entire Walk. These included an evening of Women’s Culture in San Francisco involving 400, a rally of 800 at UC Berkeley before the Walk crossed the Golden Gate Bridge into San Francisco. Following the January 31st rally, 1,000 walkers took the first steps on that nine-month 3,700-mile trek to Washington, DC. About 300 of those marchers walked the entire nine miles that first day through the city.

'''New Orleans to Washington DC.''' On April 5, 1976 the day after observances on the eighth anniversary of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference-organized southern route stepped off from Dillard University. Over the next six months the route passed through seven states on its way to Washington, including some very conservative areas harboring still-active [[KKK]] strongholds. Walkers were frequently harassed, even including being arrested by police six times attempting to walk into some downtowns, and the late-night torching of a car belonging to supporters.

'''Boston to Washington DC.''' The Boston to Washington route kicked off on August 7, 1976 with 100 rain-soaked marchers. The day before a series of Hiroshima Day events was held. The 500-mile Boston to Washington route went through the largest and densest population centers of all the Walk routes.

'''Feeder Routes.''' There were 19 other routes that fed into these three main routes, including Canada/U.S. border to Ukiah CA [driven], Spokane WA to Portland OR [driven], Ukiah CA to San Francisco, Concord CA to San Francisco, Mexico/U.S. border to San Diego, San Diego to Riverside [driven], Boulder/Denver to Los Alamos NM, Santa Fe to Albuquerque [driven], Lincoln NB to Bloomington IL, Stillwater/Minneapolis MN to Chicago, Muncie IN to Ft. Wayne IN, Syracuse NY to Niagara NY, Canada/Niagara NY border to Cleveland; Oak Ridge TN to Fredericksburg VA; Worcester MA to Boston, Brattleboro VT to New Haven CT, Saratoga NY to New York City, Stony Brook NY to New York City, Bethlehem PA to Philadelphia, Harrisburg PA to Baltimore. Also, there were three unconnected routes: Glen Rose to Dallas in Texas, Evansville to Bloomington in Indiana, and Pearl Harbor to Waikele in Hawaii.

==The Washington DC Finale==
On October 16, 1976, hundreds of people — accompanied by signs, banners, puppets, flags, musical instruments — crossed the city from three directions to converge on the Lincoln Memorial. All went smoothly that Saturday morning as each of the three routes started off with 150 to 200 people at staggered times from borders surrounding the District of Columbia.

This began a flurry of activities over a three-day period, which included a rally at the Sylvan Theater, a political film festival, an ecumenical service, a peace and justice fair, delegations to [[HEW]], [[HUD]], and the White House, as well as a march on the Pentagon concluding with a rally and civil disobedience.

The most dramatic of all those events was the final joining of those 22 routes. The Southern route carried the “Trident Monster” (408 black streamers, one for each nuclear warhead carried by every Trident submarine, connected by rope stretching 525 feet (the length of the submarine) and held aloft by bamboo poles) as it passed through Georgetown, and later on the march from the Lincoln Memorial to the Sylvan Theater.

At Dupont Circle, the Powder Horn Puppet Theater with its herd of ‘‘bison,’’ a puppet of the Mississippi River, a bird man on 6-foot stilts, and banners joined the San Francisco route as it passed by the White House.

On the Capitol grounds the [[Bread and Puppet Theater]] with its procession in two parts — “yes and no’’ — joined the Boston route. ‘‘No’’ was represented by a military band, Uncle Fatso (capitalism), and specters of death. ‘’Yes’’ was represented by a soft music band, a herd of ‘‘horses,’’ flower banners, sun, stars, flowing white birds held aloft on 25-foot poles.

Representatives of the Japanese peace movement — split among the three routes — added immeasurably to the power of the Walk, especially with the Japan Buddha Sanga monks solemn beating of their drums.

The rally at the Sylvan Theater allowed for a well-deserved rest that afternoon and a chance to listen to speakers, including [[Dick Gregory]], [[Grace Paley]], [[Ralph Abernathy]], [[Daniel Ellsberg]], [[Sidney Lens]], [[Barbara Ehrenreich]], [[David Dellinger]], [[David McReynolds]], [[Sam Lovejoy]], as well as entertainers, including Rev. [[Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick]] and [[Charlie King (folk singer)]].<ref>https://archive.org/details/sim_war-resisters-league-wrl-news_november-december-1976_197</ref>

==March to the Pentagon==
The final day of walking — Monday October 18, 1976 — began at the Lincoln Memorial, then across the Memorial Bridge, past Arlington Cemetery, and on to the Pentagon. Marchers filed onto the grassy ceremonial area at the River Entrance of the Pentagon. When the speeches ended, about 100 people crossed the small executive parking lot carrying mock coffins, a full-scale model of “[[Little Boy]],” the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, and the Declaration of Nonviolence to the steps of the Pentagon.

As Charlie King began singing ‘‘Gonna Lay Down My Coffins and Bombs, Down by the Pentagon,” about 30 police in riot gear with yard-long night sticks ran from two buses parked nearby to block the River entrance to the Pentagon and arrested 54 people, including Daniel Ellsberg.

Following the arrests, the procession of death was converted to one of life with the unfurling of banners and releasing of balloons, as the march headed back to DC, stopping by the [[Department of Health Education and Welfare]], [[Housing and Urban Development]], and the White House where delegations met with officials at each location.

The next day President Gerald Ford denounced those calling for the slashing of military spending to meet domestic needs.<ref>https://archive.org/details/sim_war-resisters-league-wrl-news_november-december-1976_197</ref>

==Sponsoring Organizations==

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[American Friends Service Committee]]
* [[Catholic Peace Fellowship]]
* [[Catholic Worker]]
* [[Clergy and Laity Concerned]]
* [[Episcopal Peace Fellowship]]
* [[Fellowship of Reconciliation]]
* [[Gray Panthers]]
* [[Lutheran Peace Fellowship]]
* Mass Party Organizing Committee
* National Assembly of Women Religious
* National Council for Universal Unconditional Amnesty
* [[National Indian Youth Council]]
* [[Pax Christi]] USA
* [[People’s Party]]
* [[Promoting Enduring Peace]]
* SANE, The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy
* [[Socialist Party, USA]]
* [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]]
* Southern Organizing Committee
* [[War Resisters League]]
* War Tax Resistance
* [[Women Strike for Peace]]
* [[Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom]]
* World Fellowship
ENDORSING ORGANIZATIONS
* [[International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace]]
* [[International Fellowship of Reconciliation]]
* Japan Buddha Sangha ([[Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga]])
* Japan Council Against A & H Bombs ([[Gensuikyo]])
* [[War Resisters' International]]
{{div col end}}

==Signers of the Call==

[[Ralph Abernathy]], [[Bella Abzug]], Robert Alperin, [[Michael Anania]], [[Joan Baez]], [[Richard Barnet]], [[Norma Becker]], [[Harry Belafonte]], Anne Bennett, [[Dan Berrigan]], [[Philip Berrigan]], [[Albert Bigelow]], [[Robert Bly]], [[Julian Bond]], [[Kay Boyle]], Harry Boyte, [[Anne Braden]], [[Millen Brand]], [[David Brower]], [[Robert McAfee Brown]], Stephen Cary, [[Joseph Chaikin]], [[Cesar Chavez]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[William Sloan Coffin]], [[Dorothy Day]], [[Karen DeCrow]], [[Dave Dellinger]], [[Ron Dellums]], [[James W. Douglass]], [[Shelley Douglass]], [[Martin Duberman]], [[Daniel Ellsberg]], [[Barbara Ehrenreich]], [[Don Edwards]], [[Richard Falk]], [[Sissy Farenthold]], [[Mimi Farina]], [[Jules Feiffer]], [[Wilbur Hugh Ferry]], [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]], [[Jim Forest]], [[Howard Frazier]], [[Larry Gara]], [[Nicola Geiger]], [[Freda Gibbons]], [[Allen Ginsberg]], [[Sen. Mike Gravel]], [[Dick Gregory]], [[Ed Guinan]], Bishop [[Thomas Gumbleton]], [[Mike Harrington]], [[David Harris]], [[James Haughton (activist)]], [[Tom Hayden]], [[Dorothy Healey]], [[Nat Hentoff]], [[Donald Kalish]], [[Ying Lee Kelley]], [[Fay Honey Knopp]], [[Maggie Kuhn]], [[Douglas LaFollette]], [[Corliss Lamont]], [[Bernard Lee]], [[Shirley Lens]], [[Sidney Lens]], [[Walter Lowenfels]], [[Bradford Lyttle]], [[Dwight Macdonald]], [[Paul Mayer]], [[Elizabeth McAlister]], [[David McReynolds]], [[Stewart Meacham]], [[Seymour Melman]], [[Eve Merriam]], [[Joe Miller]], [[Parren Mitchell]], Rt. Rev. [[Paul Moore, Jr.]], [[Holly Near]], [[Grace Paley]], [[Rosa Parks]], [[James Peck]], [[Sidney Peck]], [[Charles Rangel]], [[Marcus Raskin]], [[Brewster Rhoads]], [[Muriel Rukeyser]], [[Ed Sanders]], [[Martin Sostre]], [[Benjamin Spock]], Archbishop [[Robert Sanchez]], [[Dorothy Steffens]], [[Gloria Steinem]], [[I.F. Stone]], [[Paul Sweezey]], [[John Swomley]], [[Ethel Taylor]], [[Studs Terkel]], [[Ruth MacLennan Uphaus]], [[Willard Uphaus]], Rt. Rev. [[Richard M. Trelease Jr.]], [[Reis Lopez Tijerina]], [[Pete Seeger]], [[Jean-Claude van Itallie]], [[George Wald]], [[Arthur Waskow]], [[Cora Weiss]], [[Beverly Woodward]], [[Margaret Wright (American politician)]], [[Peter Yarrow]], [[Andrew Young]], [[Ronald N. Young]], [[Frank Zeidler]], [[Carl Zietlow]], [[Irma Zigas]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further Reading==
Leonard, Vickie, and MacLean, Tom, eds., ''The Continental Walk for Disarmament and Social Justice'', 112 pp, New York, NY, 1977

''WIN Peace and Freedom Thru Nonviolent Action'', "Special Issue: Looking Back at the Continental Walk, "Jan. 27, 1977, 24 pp, Brooklyn, NY

Poston, Chip, ''The Bomb That Fell on America: A peace walk journal from America and Japan'', 60 pp, Celo Press, Celo, North Carolina, 1977

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:The Continental Walk for Disarmament & Social Justice

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| 1361112418 || 2026-06-25T18:29:21Z || JSFarman || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
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| 1361112409 || 2026-06-25T18:29:19Z || JSFarman || <nowiki>JSFarman moved page [[The Continental Walk for Disarmament & Social Justice]] to [[Draft:The Continental Walk for Disarmament & Social Justice]]: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: no sources, custom reason</nowiki>
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Shahdad Rind

2026-06-26T15:20:18Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shahdad Rind {{Nastaliq|مير شهداد رند}}
| title =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| succession = Baloch Confederacy
| reign = c. 1565 – ? (after Mir Chakar)
| reign_type = Tenure
| predecessor = [[Mir Chakar Khan Rind]]
| successor =
| birth_date = late 15th or early 16th century
| birth_place = [[Balochistan]]
| death_date = unknown (after 1555)
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| spouse =
| issue =
| house = [[Rind (tribe)|Rind]]
| father = [[Mir Chakar Khan Rind]]
| mother =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = Rind Confederacy [[Mughal Empire]] (in 1555)
| battles = [[Rind-Lashari War]] [[Battle of Sirhind (1555)]]
}}
}}
{{baloch}}
'''Mir Shahdad Rind''' ([[Balochi language|Balochi]]: میر شهداد رند) was a 16th-century [[Baloch people|Baloch]] tribal leader of the [[Rind (tribe)|Rind]] confederacy and the son of the prominent Baloch chieftain [[Mir Chakar Khan Rind]].{{sfn|Breseeg|2025|p=163}} According to Baloch historical traditions, he played an important role in the affairs of the Rind confederacy during the later years of his father's leadership and subsequently emerged as one of the leading figures among the Baloch.{{sfn|Baloch|1987|p=58}}{{sfn|Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|2022|p=112}} He is also associated with the Baloch romance ''Shahdad and Mahnaz'', one of the best-known stories in Balochi folklore.{{sfn|Zubairī|2002|pp=22–25}}

== Early life and background ==

Mir Shahdad belonged to the [[Rind (tribe)|Rind]] tribe, one of the principal Baloch tribal confederations.{{sfn|Dames|1904|p=42}}{{sfn|Badalkhan|2013|p=17}} Historical traditions associate the Rind tribe with the [[Balochistan]] region, particularly [[Makran]].{{sfn|Spooner|1988}}{{sfn|Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|2022|pp=110–114}}

The name ''Shahdad'' is of [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] origin and has been interpreted as meaning "gift of the king" or "God-given".{{sfn|motie|2016|p=50}}

In some sources, his name is recorded as Shahzad.{{sfn|Dames|1904|pp=42,78}}

== Role under Rind confederacy ==

[[Mir Chakar Rind|Mir Chakar Khan Rind]] succeeded his father as the ''Sardar-i Azam'' (Great Chief) of the Baloch and established Sibi as the centre of his confederacy.{{sfn|Breseeg|2025|p=198}} Under his leadership, Baloch influence expanded into parts of [[Sindh]] and the [[Punjab]], and his authority extended across large areas of present-day Balochistan, Sindh and southern Punjab.{{sfn|Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|2022|pp=110–114}}{{sfn|Ahsan|2005}}

Mir Shahdad assumed increasing responsibilities during the later years of his father's life, particularly in military affairs and tribal administration.{{sfn|Baloch|1987|p=58}}{{sfn|Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|2022|p=112}}

== Relations with the Mughals ==

Historical accounts state that Mir Chakar Khan Rind and his sons, including Mir Shahdad, came into contact with the Mughal rulers [[Babur]] and [[Humayun]]. They were reportedly granted jagirs in the regions of [[Khoshab, Pakistan|Khoshab]], [[Sahiwal]] and [[Multan]].{{sfn|Baloch|1987|p=58}}{{sfn|Spooner|1988}}

== Military campaigns ==

During Humayun's campaign to recover his throne in northern India, Mir Shahdad is said to have led Baloch forces in support of the Mughal army against the [[Sur Empire|Sur Afghans]].{{sfn|Siddiqui|1997|p=110}}{{sfn|Marri|1997|pp=79,177,182}} According to Baloch historical traditions, he commanded the Baloch contingent during the campaign and distinguished himself in the fighting that accompanied Humayun's return to power.{{sfn|Baloch|1987|p=97}}{{sfn|Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|2022|p=112}}

Some traditions further maintain that Mir Shahdad and his followers were among the first troops to enter Delhi following Humayun's victory.{{sfn|Marri|1997|pp=79,177,182}}{{sfn|Baloch|1987|p=97}}

Following the Mughal restoration, Humayun reportedly rewarded Mir Chakar Khan Rind with extensive land grants in the Satghara region in recognition of the services rendered by the Baloch forces during the campaign.{{sfn|Shakeel|2019}}<ref>{{cite news |year=2007 |title=Baloch king’s mausoleum to be conserved |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/245366/ |work=Dawn}}</ref>

According to [[Mansel Longworth Dames]] Ballad No. XVI is attributed to Shahzad (Mir Shahdad Rind). This poem alludes to the historical alliance of the Baloch with the [[Langah Sultanate|Langah]]. This ballad, along with general tradition, provides the primary evidence that the Baloch participated in Humayun's conquest of Delhi.{{sfn|Dames|1907}}

== Succession ==

According to several Baloch historical accounts, Mir Shahdad succeeded Mir Chakar Khan Rind as a leading figure of the Rind confederacy following his father's death.{{sfn|Rooman|2005|p=36}}{{sfn|Rooman|1967|p=10}}

== Legacy and folklore ==

Mir Shahdad is remembered in Baloch historical traditions and oral literature as a military leader of the Rind confederacy and a prominent descendant of Mir Chakar Khan Rind. He is mentioned in accounts concerning the participation of the Baloch in Humayun's restoration and the later history of the Rind tribe.{{sfn|Marri|1997|pp=79,177,182}}{{sfn|Baloch|1907|pp=58,97}}

Mir Shahdad is associated in Baloch oral tradition with the romance of ''Shahdad and Mahnaz'', one of the best-known romance stories in Balochi folklore. The tale has been preserved through oral narration and Balochi poetry and remains a prominent part of [[Balochi literature|Baloch literary]] heritage. This story has been transmitted across generations primarily through oral narration and classical Balochi poetry. The story remains ingrained in [[Balochi culture|Baloch cultural]] memory and continues to be recited, sung, and performed in Balochi folk culture. {{sfn|Rooman|1967|p=10}}{{sfn|Zubairī|2002|pp=22–25}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Breseeg |first=Taj Mohammad |title=Baloch Nationalism, Its Origin and Development |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |year=2025 |isbn=9789181346695}}
* {{cite book |last=Dames |first=Mansel Longworth |title=The Baloch Race |year=1904 |asin=B0062JN20S}}
* {{cite book |last=Badalkhan |first=Sabir |title=Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore |publisher=Universita degli studi di Napoli |year=2013 |isbn=978-88-6719-060-7}}

* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Spooner |first=Brian |title=Baluchistan i. Geography, History and Ethnography |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baluchistan-index/baluchistan-i/ |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |year=1988}}

* {{cite book |last1= Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei|first1=Agnes,Carina, Maryam |title=Oral Narration in Iranian Cultures|date=2022|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Oral_Narration_in_Iranian_Cultures/15vPEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|publisher=Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag|isbn=9783752001532}}

* {{cite book |last1=motie |first1= hossein |title=The most beautiful names(زیباترین نامها) In Persian|date=2016|publisher= BOOKTAB PUBLICATION |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7/Nj3WDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover|isbn=9786226518062|language=fa}}

* {{cite book |last1=Rooman|first1=Anwar|title=Balochi language and literature|publisher=Institute of Writing & Research Balochistan |date=2005|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Balochi_Language_and_Literature/1-9jAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=shahdad|isbn=9789698396275}}

* {{cite book |last= Ahsan |first= Aitzaz |year=2005 |title=The Indus Saga|publisher= Roli Books |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Indus_Saga/DSauCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|isbn=9789351940739}}

* {{cite book |last=Baloch |first=Inayatullah |title=The Problem of "Greater Baluchistan": A Study of Baluch Nationalism |publisher=Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Problem_of_Greater_Baluchistan/Ox0NAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=shahdad|year=1987 |isbn=9783515049993}}

* {{cite book |last=Rooman |first=Anwar |title=A Brief Survey of Baluchi Literature and Language |publisher= Pakistan Historical Society|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Brief_Survey_of_Baluchi_Literature_and/xO5jAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=shahdad |year=1967}}

* {{cite book |last=Marri |first=Mir Khuda Bakhsh |title=Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan |publisher=Ferozsons|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Searchlights_on_Baloches_and_Balochistan/rAJuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |year=1997 |isbn=9789690013736}}

* {{cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Shakeel |year=2019 |title=Forgotten wonders — the Tomb of Mir Chakar Rind and Satghara Fort |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/385143/forgotten-wonders-the-tomb-of-mir-chakar-rind-and-satghara-fort/ |work=Daily Times |access-date=2026-06-10}}

* {{cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=M.H. |title=Pakistan Culture |publisher=National Book Foundation|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan_Culture/XfltAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |year=1997 |isbn=9693700570}}

* {{cite book |last=Dames |first=Mansel Longworth |title=Popular Poetry of the Baloches, Volume 1 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|year=1907}}

* {{cite book |last1= Zubairī, Nourzaei|first1=Jamīl|title=Folk Tales of Baluchistan|date=2002|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Folk_Tales_of_Baluchistan/-_BjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=shahdad%20mahnaz|publisher=Royal Book Company|isbn=9789694072739}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahdad, Rind}}
{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Balochistan]]
[[Category:Baloch people]]
[[Category:16th-century monarchs in the Middle East]]
[[Category:16th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Shahdad Rind

2026-06-26T15:20:08Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{| class="wikitable"
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| 1361103586 || 2026-06-25T17:18:22Z || Gurkubondinn || <nowiki>[[WP:DRAFTIFY]]; article fails [[WP:NOLLM]]</nowiki>
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| 1361103580 || 2026-06-25T17:18:20Z || Gurkubondinn || <nowiki>Gurkubondinn moved page [[Shahdad Rind]] to [[Draft:Shahdad Rind]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY]]; article fails [[WP:NOLLM]] Reason/s: machine-generated</nowiki>
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| 1361020238 || 2026-06-25T03:20:44Z || Ca || <nowiki>Decline G15 - All of the ISBNs are indexed on Google Books (at least the 6 I checked). Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1360998393|1360998393]] by [[Special:Contributions/AirshipJungleman29|AirshipJungleman29]] ([[User talk:AirshipJungleman29|talk]])</nowiki>
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| 1360998393 || 2026-06-25T00:21:36Z || AirshipJungleman29 || <nowiki>Requesting speedy deletion ([[WP:CSD#G15|CSD G15]]).</nowiki>
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| 1358896040 || 2026-06-11T17:40:25Z || Zackmann08 || <nowiki>fixing infobox and removing [[Category:Pages using infobox royalty with deprecated parameters|deprecated parameters]]; Cleaning up syntax using [[:en:User:Zackmann08/scripts/indent|indent.js]]</nowiki>
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| 1358676260 || 2026-06-10T05:50:07Z || Balash-Vologases || <nowiki>/* Legacy and folklore */</nowiki>
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| 1358625938 || 2026-06-09T22:33:36Z || Balash-Vologases || <nowiki>/* Legacy and folklore */</nowiki>
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| 1358625870 || 2026-06-09T22:32:52Z || Balash-Vologases || <nowiki>/* Early life and background */</nowiki>
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| 1358625583 || 2026-06-09T22:31:05Z || Balash-Vologases || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Removed redirect to [[PhD in Information Technology Management]]</nowiki>
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Shahbaz Ali Malik

2026-06-26T15:19:58Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Short description|Pakistani Industrialist}}
[[File:Shahbaz Ali Malik 2026.jpg|thumb|[[Shahbaz Ali Malik]], M.D Popular Group of Industries]]

'''Shahbaz Ali Malik( شہباز علی ملک)''' is a Pakistani businessman and industrialist. He is the managing director at Popular Group of Industries, a Pakistani business group operating in multiple industries.

== Early life and education ==
Shahbaz Ali Malik attended [[Cadet College Petaro]] for his secondary education. He later completed his intermediate qualification at [[Lawrence College Murree]]. He pursued higher education in the fields of business administration, economics and law, earning an Associate Degree in Business Administration, Bachelor of Arts (B.A), Bachelor of Laws (LL.B), Master of Arts (M.A) in Economics and Master of Business Administration (M.B.A) in Management. Additionally, he completed an executive program in social entrepreneurship at the [[University of Oxford]], England and completed diploma specialisation in business in society at [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movers, Shakers & Newsmakers {{!}} Lawrence College Ghora Gali |url=https://lawrencecollege.edu.pk/movers-shakers-newsmakers/ |access-date=2026-06-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Career ==
Shahbaz Ali Malik entered his family's business, the Popular Group of Industries, as a director in 1987. Following a period of higher education abroad, he rejoined to the group in 1991 as executive director. He held multiple senior managerial roles within the group before being hired as managing director in 2002. During his tenure as managing director, the group diversified its operations into sectors including beverages, textile, sugar, cement, foils and metals, energy, plastic, healthcare and education.

== Professional activities ==
Shahbaz Ali Malik has been involved with various industrial and trade associations in Pakistan. In October 2004, he was elected Senior Vice-Chairman of the Nooriabad Association of Trade and Industry (NATI) for the (2004-2005) term.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-10-02 |title=Fazal elected Nati chairman |url=http://www.brecorder.com/news/3087141 |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=Brecorder |language=en}}</ref> In October 2005, he represented the Popular Group's textile division during a corporate visit by the Deputy High Commissioner of the United Kingdom, Ron Rimmer, to the Popular Fabrics plant in Quaidabad, Karachi, where discussions focused on conducive investment climate in Karachi's expanding textile sector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Conducive investment climate in Karachi’ – Business Recorder |url=https://fp.brecorder.com/2005/10/20051019342798/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2006, he was elected to the managing committee of the Landhi Association of Trade and Industry (LATI) for the 2006-2007 term.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-22 |title=Trade bodies elect heads, members |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/211379/trade-bodies-elect-heads-members |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref>and he later elected as a Chairman of the Landhi Association of Trade and Industry (LATI)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-10-01 |title=Office-bearers elected |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/372162/office-bearers-elected |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref>. He also served as a member of the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) Standing Committee on Textile Apparels & Value Added Products.<ref>https://www.phma.pk/Attachment/Circular017-2013.pdf </ref>

Bilateral Economic Forums: In March 2025, Shahbaz Ali Malik was elected Chairman of the Pak-Africa Economic Council<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-19 |title=Dr Shahbaz Malik elected Chairman of Pak-Africa Economic Council |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/19-Mar-2025/dr-shahbaz-malik-elected-chairman-of-pak-africa-economic-council |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Shahbaz Malik Elected Chairman Of Pak-Africa Economic Council |url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/dr-shahbaz-malik-elected-chairman-of-pak-afr-1946617.html |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=UrduPoint |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Pakistani businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Shahbaz Ali Malik

2026-06-26T15:19:48Z

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| 1357830900 || 2026-06-04T22:51:50Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357826963 || 2026-06-04T22:21:14Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357826415 || 2026-06-04T22:17:11Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357825333 || 2026-06-04T22:09:15Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Submitting using [[WP:AFCSW|AfC-submit-wizard]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1357824330 || 2026-06-04T22:01:38Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357822610 || 2026-06-04T21:48:48Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357654164 || 2026-06-03T21:29:31Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357643354 || 2026-06-03T20:20:12Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|----
| 1357438169 || 2026-06-02T17:21:38Z || Sindh Archivist || <nowiki>Created sandbox draft for Shahbaz Ali Malik, businessman</nowiki>
|}

Saidapet taluk

2026-06-26T15:19:21Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2026}}
'''Saidapet taluk''' was a [[taluk]] of [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chengalpattu district]] that existed from 1798 to 1997. The headquarters of the taluk was the town of [[Saidapet]]. The taluk largely comprised the suburbs of [[Madras]] city. Saidapet taluk was surrounded by [[Ponneri taluk]] in the north, [[Tiruvallur taluk]] in the north-west, [[Poonamallee taluk]] in the west, [[Sriperumbudur taluk]] to the south-west and [[Chengalpattu taluk]] in the south. The [[Bay of Bengal]] lay to the east. Saidapet taluk completely surrounded Madras city on all the three sides with the Bay of Bengal on the fourth. When Chengalpattu district was bifurcated into Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts in 1997, Saidapet taluk was also bifurcated into [[Ambattur taluk]] of Tiruvallur district and the [[Tambaram taluk]] of Kanchipurm district.

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Tehsils of India]]
[[Category:Former subdivisions of India]]

}}
{{India-geo-stub}}
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Saidapet taluk

2026-06-26T15:19:11Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361137033 || 2026-06-25T22:05:12Z || Significa liberdade || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361137032 || 2026-06-25T22:05:11Z || Significa liberdade || <nowiki>Significa liberdade moved page [[Saidapet taluk]] to [[Draft:Saidapet taluk]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: no sources</nowiki>
|----
| 1359701266 || 2026-06-16T18:27:50Z || Gjs238 || <nowiki>added [[Category:Former subdivisions of India]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1359700990 || 2026-06-16T18:25:55Z || Gjs238 || <nowiki>added [[Category:Tehsils of India]]; removed {{uncategorized}} using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1359659690 || 2026-06-16T13:30:19Z || Bearcat || <nowiki>/* top */ uncategorized</nowiki>
|----
| 1359631767 || 2026-06-16T09:35:36Z || Nomadwikiholic1 || <nowiki>Added {{[[Template:Unreferenced|Unreferenced]]}} tag: add references to avoid afd</nowiki>
|----
| 1359577851 || 2026-06-16T01:47:34Z || Giraffedata || <nowiki>[[User:Giraffedata/comprised of|comprised of]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1359275452 || 2026-06-14T08:17:03Z || Ravichandar84 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1359275428 || 2026-06-14T08:16:42Z || Ravichandar84 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1359274076 || 2026-06-14T07:58:29Z || Ravichandar84 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1359274006 || 2026-06-14T07:57:27Z || Ravichandar84 || <nowiki>created</nowiki>
|}

Protected areas of Washington (state)

2026-06-26T15:18:22Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2026}}

[[Protected area]]s of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] include [[United States National Forest|national forest]] lands, [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]] areas, [[state park]]s, [[state forest]]s, state [[nature preserve]]s, state [[wildlife management]] areas, and other areas.

== Federal lands ==
[[File:Frm Stadium 2636.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Rainier.]]

===National Park Service, Department of the Interior===
*[[Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve]]
*[[Fort Vancouver National Historic Site]]
*[[Hanford Reach National Monument]]
*[[Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park]]
*[[Lewis and Clark National Historical Park]]
*[[Manhattan Project National Historical Park]]
*[[Mount Rainier National Park]]
*[[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
*[[North Cascades National Park]]
*[[Olympic National Park]]
*[[San Juan Island National Historical Park]]
*[[Whitman Mission National Historic Site]]
===Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior===
*[[San Juan Islands National Monument]]
[[File:131 Image111 resize (22049725831).jpg|thumb|right|Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge.]]
===U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture===
*[[Colville National Forest]]
*[[Gifford Pinchot National Forest]]
*[[Idaho Panhandle National Forests]]
*[[Kaniksu National Forest]]
*[[Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest]]
*[[Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument]]
*[[Mountains to Sound Greenway]]
*[[Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest]]
[[File:Billy Frank Jr Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge (54515186800).jpg|thumb|right|Mount St. Helens.]]
===U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior===
* [[Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Black River National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Columbia National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Franz Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-Tailed Deer]]
* [[Little Pend Oreille National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[McNary National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Pierce National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Protection Island (Washington)|Protection Island National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Hanford Reach National Monument]]
* [[San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Steigerwald Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Willapa National Wildlife Refuge]]
== State lands ==
[[File:Deception Pass State Park (9292642066).jpg|thumb|right|Deception Pass State Park, Washington.]]

===State parks ===
[[Washington (state)|Washington]] has over 140 state parks maintained and operated by [[Washington State Department of Natural Resources]] (IDNR).

{{main article|List of Washington state parks}}

=== State forests ===
{{main article|List of Washington state forests}}
*[[Ahtanum State Forest]] - 75,000 acres
*[[Blanchard State Forest]]
*[[Capitol State Forest]] - 110,000 acres
*[[Elbe Hills-Tahoma State Forest]]
*[[Green Mountain]]
*[[Little Pend Oreille State Forest]]
*[[Loomis-Loup Loup State Forest]]
*[[Olympic Peninsula State Forest]]
*[[Teanaway Community Forest]] - 50,272 acres
*[[Tiger Mountain (Washington)|Tiger Mountain]] - 13,5003 acres
*[[Yacolt Burn State Forest]] - 90,000 acres

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Protected areas of Washington (state)}}

{{Protected areas of Washington (state)}}
{{Washington (state)}}
{{Lists of state parks by U.S. state}}
{{United States topic
|title = [[Protected areas of the United States]] by political division
|prefix = Protected areas of
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Protected Areas Of Washington (state)}}
{{Draft categories|
[[Category:State parks of Washington (state)| ]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Washington (state)| ]]
[[Category:Parks in Washington (state)| ]]
[[Category:Washington (state) geography-related lists|Protected areas]]
[[Category:Lists of protected areas of the United States by state|Washington (state)]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Protected areas of Washington (state)

2026-06-26T15:18:12Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361137089 || 2026-06-25T22:05:50Z || Significa liberdade || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361137088 || 2026-06-25T22:05:49Z || Significa liberdade || <nowiki>Significa liberdade moved page [[Protected areas of Washington (state)]] to [[Draft:Protected areas of Washington (state)]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: no sources</nowiki>
|----
| 1359396378 || 2026-06-15T01:53:38Z || StefenTower || <nowiki>/* External links */ inline commons cat since there's no other links</nowiki>
|----
| 1359391936 || 2026-06-15T01:15:51Z || Cakelot1 || <nowiki>Added {{[[Template:Unreferenced|Unreferenced]]}} tag</nowiki>
|----
| 1359057928 || 2026-06-12T20:12:49Z || StefenTower || <nowiki>removed [[Category:Indiana geography-related lists]]; added [[Category:Washington (state) geography-related lists]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1359046629 || 2026-06-12T18:38:22Z || Chris Light || <nowiki>created article.</nowiki>
|}

Participants in the Cold War

2026-06-26T15:17:37Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{nosources|date=June 2026}}

This is the article of the Participants in the [[Cold War]] fought between the [[United States|United States of America]] and the [[Soviet Union]] from 1947-1991 fighting over the ideologies of [[capitalism]] vs [[communism]]. It started from March 12th, 1947, with the Truman doctrine and it lasted until December 26th, 1991, with the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]].

== Participants ==
{| class="wikitable"
![[United States|United States of America]] and allies
![[Soviet Union|Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics]] and allies
|-
|'''States and governments:'''
* [[United States|United States of America]]

* [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]]
**[[Belgium]]
**[[Canada]]
**[[Denmark]]
**[[Fourth French Republic]]
**[[French Union]]
**[[Fifth French Republic]]
**[[Germany|West Germany (BRD)]]
**[[Kingdom of Greece]]
**[[Greece]]
**[[Iceland]]
**[[Italy]]
**[[Luxembourg]]
**[[Netherlands]]
**[[Norway]]
**[[Portugal]]
**[[Spain]] (from 1982)
**[[Turkey]]
**[[United Kingdom]]

* [[South Vietnam|Republic of Vietnam]] (Until 1975)
* [[Kingdom of Laos]] (Until 1975)
* [[Khmer Republic]] (Until 1975)
* [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Republic of Cuba]]
* [[Nationalist government|Republic of China]]

* [[First Republic of Korea]]
* [[Second Republic of Korea]]
* [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction]]
* [[Third Republic of Korea]]
* [[Fourth Republic of Korea]]
* [[Fifth Republic of Korea]]
* [[South Korea|Sixth Republic of Korea]]

*[[Provisional Central Government of Vietnam]]
*[[Saudi Arabia|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]]
*[[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
*[[Kingdom of Yemen]]
*[[Thailand|Kingdom of Thailand]]
*[[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]]
*[[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (Limited) (From 1948)
*[[Georgios Papandreou Government (1944)]]
*[[Nikolaos Plastiras Government (1945)]]
*[[Jamaica]]
*[[Polish Secret State|Polish Underground State]]
*[[Polish government-in-exile]]
*[[Francoist Spain]]
*[[Travancore|Kingdom of Travanore]]
*[[Hyderabad State]]
*[[United States of Indonesia]]
*[[Republic of South Maluku]]
*[[Pahlavi Iran]]
*[[Kingdom of Afghanistan]]
*[[Revolutionary Council of Government (El Salvador)]]
*[[:vi:Cộng_hòa_tự_trị_Nam_Kỳ|Southern Autonomous Republic (1946–1947)]]
* [[:vi:Cộng_hòa_tự_trị_Nam_Kỳ#L%C3%A2m_th%E1%BB%9Di_Nam_Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam|Provisional Government of South Vietnam (1947–1949)]]
* [[:vi:Chính_phủ_Trung_ương_lâm_thời_Việt_Nam|Provisional Central Government of Vietnam]] [[:vi:Chính_phủ_Trung_ương_lâm_thời_Việt_Nam|(1948–1949)]]
'''Non-state actors:'''
*[[Afghan mujahideen|Afghan Mujahideen]]
**[[Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen|Peshawar Seven]] (Sunni groups)
*** [[Jamiat-i Islami]]
*** [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin]]
*** [[Hezb-i Islami Khalis]]
*** [[Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan|Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan]]
*** [[Islamic and National Revolution Movement of Afghanistan|Islamic Revolutionary Movement of Afghanistan]]
*** [[National Islamic Front of Afghanistan]]
*** National Liberation Front
*** [[Ahmadzai (Ghilji clan)|Ahmadzai Tribal Confederacy]]
*** Various Sunni Jihadist Groups
** [[Tehran Eight]] (Shia groups)
*** [[Hezbollah Afghanistan]]
*** [[Sazman-i Nasr]]
*** [[Afghan Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
*** [[Islamic Movement of Afghanistan]]
*** [[Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan]]
*** [[Islamic Revolution Movement]]
*** [[Union of Islamic Fighters for Islam in Afghanistan]]
*** Thunder Party
*** Various Shia Jihadist Groups
** Other groups
*** [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]]
*** [[Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan]]
*** [[Afghanistan Mujahedin Freedom Fighters Front]]
*** [[Islamic Union of the Northern Provinces]]
*** [[Sharafat Kuh Front]]
*** [[Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan]]
*** [[Harakat-e-Mulavi]]

*[[Contras]]
**[[Nicaraguan Democratic Force|FDN]]
**[[Nicaraguan Democratic Union|UDN]]
**[[Democratic Revolutionary Alliance|ARDE]]
**[[MILPAS]]
**[[Fifteenth of September Legion]]
**[[Kus Indian Sut Asla Nicaragua ra|KISAN]]
**[[YATAMA]]
*[[Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths|ΡΕΑΝ]]
*[[List of Greek Resistance organizations#RAN|RAN]]
*[[Organization X]]
*Ex-members of the [[Security Battalions]]
*[[National Republican Greek League|EDES]]
*[[Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)|Polish Armed Anti-Communist Resistance (1944-53)]]
**[[Cursed soldiers]]
**[[Wolność i Niezawisłość|Freedom and Independence]]
** [[NIE (resistance)|NIE]]
** [[Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie]]
** [[Armed Forces Delegation for Poland]]
** [[Armia Krajowa Obywatelska|Citizens' Home Army]]
** [[Bataliony Chłopskie|Peasants' Battalions]]
** [[Narodowe Siły Zbrojne|National Armed Forces]]
** [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]]
** [[National Military Union]]
** Various Armed groups
* [[Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)|Polish Civil Anti-Communist Resistance]]
** Strike committees
** [[Workers' Defence Committee]]
*** [[KOR Committee for Social Self-Defense|KSS KOR]]
** [[Movement for Defence of Human and Civic Rights|ROBCiO]]
** [[Free Trade Unions of the Coast]]
** [[Fighting Solidarity]]
** [[Orange Alternative]]
** [[Revisionism (Marxism)|Marxist reformists]] ([[1968 Polish political crisis|1968]])
** [[Workers' Defence Committee]]
** [[Committee for Social Self-Defense KOR|Committee for Social Self-defence]]
** [[Letter of 59]]
** Various Civil Anti-Communist groups
* [[Jamaica Labour Party]]
* [[Shower Posse]]
* [[Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters]]
* [[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states|Forest Brothers]]

* [[Hòa Hảo]]
* [[Cao Đài]]
* [[Vietnamese National Independence Party]]
* [[Đại Việt Nationalist Party]]
* [[Postribë uprising|Postribë rebels]]
* [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakar movement]]
* [[Masyumi Party]]
** [[Hizbullah (Indonesia)]]
* [[Kuomintang|Kuomintang Party]]
** Pro-Kuomintang Militias
* [[White émigré]]

* [[Reason for the Fatherland|RADEPA]]
* [[Revolutionary Nationalist Movement]]
* [[Japan Business Federation]] ([[Toho strikes|1946]])
* [[Colorado Party (Paraguay)]]
** [[Colorado Party militias|Colorado militias]]

* [[Haganah]]
** [[Palmach]]
** [[Hish (Haganah corps)|Hish]]
** [[Guard Corps (Haganah)|HIM]]
* [[Irgun]]
* [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]]
* Pro-Israeli [[Druze]] militants
* Pro-Israeli Allied [[Bedouin]] tribes
* [[1948 Venezuelan coup d'état|Chalbaud Military faction]]
* [[Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification]]
* [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)]]
* [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)]]
* [[Caribbean Legion]]
* [[Czech National Social Party]]
* [[KDU-ČSL]]
* [[Democratic Party (Slovakia, 1944)]]
* [[Social Democracy (Czech Republic)|Social Democracy party]] (anti-communist factions)
* [[Zhapokikë Uprising|Baba Shefqet Detachment Rebels]]
* [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party]]
* [[Arab Liberation Movement]]

* [[Northwest Youth League]]
* [[Korean Youth League|Korean Youth League (South Korea)]]
* [[Colombian Conservative Party]]
**Colombian Conservative Party Paramilitary Groups:
*** ''[[Pájaros (Colombia)|Pájaros]]''
*** ''[[Los Chulavitas]]''
*** Others
* [[Popular Republican Movement]]
* [[Republican People's Party]]
* [[Polish People's Party (1945–1949)]]
* [[:vi:Đảng_Lập_hiến_Đông_Dương|Indochina Constitutional Party]]
* [[Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng]]
* [[Union National Front (Vietnam)]]
* [[:vi:Thanh_niên_Bảo_quốc_Đoàn|Bao Quoc Youth Union]]
* [[Đại Việt Duy Dân Đảng]]
* [[:vi:Việt_Nam_Phục_quốc_Đồng_minh_Hội|Vietnam National Restoration League]]
* [[:vi:Việt_Nam_Quốc_gia_Độc_lập_Đảng|Vietnam National Independence Party]]
* [[:vi:Đảng_Dân_chủ_Đông_Dương|Indochina Democratic Party]]
* [[:vi:Việt_Nam_Quốc_gia_Liên_hiệp|Vietnam National Union]]
* [[:vi:Việt_Nam_Dân_chủ_Xã_hội_Đảng|Vietnam Social Democratic Party]]
* Cao Dai Religion
** [[:vi:Quân_đội_Cao_Đài|Cao Dai Army]]
* [[:vi:Bộ_đội_Bình_Xuyên|Binh Xuyen]] [[:vi:Bộ_đội_Bình_Xuyên|Inter-Zone (since 1948)]]
* [[:vi:Tịnh_độ_cư_sĩ_Phật_hội_Việt_Nam|Pure Land of the Lay Buddhist Association of Vietnam]]
*[[1953 Plzeň uprising|1953 Plzeň Rebels]]
*[[East German uprising of 1953|1953 East German Anti-Stalinist demonstrators]]
*[[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)]]
*[[Australian Labor Party split of 1955|Australian Labor Party - Anti Communist Factions]]
|'''States and governments:'''
* [[Soviet Union]]

* [[Warsaw Pact]]
**[[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]] (until 1968)
**[[People's Republic of Bulgaria]]
**[[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]
**[[German Democratic Republic|East Germany (DDR)]]
**[[Hungarian People's Republic]]
**[[Polish People's Republic]]
**[[Romanian People's Republic]]
**[[Mongolian People's Republic]] (Observer)
**[[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (Until 1948)
* [[North Korea|Peoples Democratic Republic of Korea]]
* [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]
* [[People's Republic of the Congo]]
* [[Derg]]
* [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]]
* [[People's Revolutionary Government]] (Grenada)
* [[South Yemen]]
* [[Azerbaijan People's Government]]
* [[Republic of Mahabad]]
* [[Provisional Democratic Government]]
* [[Viet Minh|Southern Resistance Committee of Viet Minh]]
* [[Tangerang Republic]]
* [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Communist-controlled China]]
* [[China|Peoples Republic of China]] (Until [[Sino-Soviet split|1961]])
* [[Second East Turkestan Republic]]
* [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]]
* [[People's Republic of Korea]]
* [[Government of Mosaddegh]]

'''Non-state actors:'''
*[[Viet Cong]]
*[[Viet Minh]]
*[[Pathet Lao]]
*[[Indochinese Communist Party]]
*[[Tudeh Military Network]]
*[[Communist Party of Burma]]
*[[Communist Party of Thailand]]
*[[Communist Party of Vietnam]]
* [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|EAM]]
** [[Greek People's Liberation Army|ELAS]]
** [[National Civil Guard]]
** [[Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle|OPLA]]
** [[Students Band "Lord Byron" (Greece Civil War)|Students Band "Lord Byron"]]
** [[Communist Party of Greece]]
** [[Socialist Party of Greece]]
** [[Agrarian Party of Greece]]
** [[Union of People's Democracy]]
** [[United Panhellenic Organisation of Youth]] (EPON)
** [[Workers' National Liberation Front]] (ΕΕΑΜ)
** [[National Solidarity (Greece)|National Solidarity]] (EA)
** [[Greek People's Liberation Army]]
** [[Organization for the Protection of the People's Fighters]] (OPLA)
** [[National Liberation Front (Macedonia)#SNOF|Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front]]
** Various Local and Grassroot ΕΑΜ committees

* [[Democratic Army of Greece|Democratic Army]]
* [[People's Civil Guard|People's Civil Guard (Greece)]]

* [[Democratic Bloc (Poland)|Democratic Bloc]] (Poland)
** [[Polish Workers' Party]]
** [[People’s Party (Poland)|People’s Party]]
** [[Alliance of Democrats (Poland)|Alliance of Democrats]]
** Pro Democratic Bloc [[Independent politician|Independents]]

* [[Polish United Workers' Party]]
** [[Partisans (PUWP fraction)|Partisans]]
** [[Puławians]]
** [[Natolinians]]
*** [[Partisans (PUWP fraction)|Hardliners Partisans]]

* [[Internal Security Corps]]
* [[ORMO]]
* [[Milicja Obywatelska|Citizens' Militia]]

* [[ZOMO]]
* [[Sarandoy]]
* [[Defense of the Revolution]]
* [[Fidayan-i Islam|Fidayan-i Islam (Afghanistan)]]
* [[Pader Watan]]
* [[People's National Party|People's National Party (Jamaica)]]
* [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny|Royal Indian Navy mutineers]]
** [[Royal Indian Air Force]] mutineers
** [[Indian Imperial Police|Police]] mutineers
** Civilian agitators
** [[Royal Indian Army Service Corps]] interlopers
* [[Communist Party of India]]
* [[Congress Socialist Party]]
* [[Azerbaijani Democratic Party]]
** Azerbaijani militias
* [[Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan]]
** Kurdish Tribes

* [[Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)|Vanguard Youth]]
* [[Southern Provisional Administrative Committee]]
* [[Vietnam People's Army]]
* Pro-Viet Minh [[Bình Xuyên]]

* [[Tebhaga movement]]
* [[Punnapra-Vayalar uprising|Punnapra and Vayalar Laborers Rebels]]
* [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana peasant rebels]]
* [[Andhra Mahasabha]]
* [[People's Democratic Front (Indonesia)]]
** [[Communist Party of Indonesia|PKI]] (Musso)
** [[Socialist Party (Indonesia)|PS]]
** [[Labour Party of Indonesia|PBI]]
** [[Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization|SOBSI]]
** [[People's Youth (Indonesia)|Pesindo]]
* [[Chinese Communist Party|Chinese Communist Party (Until 1961)]]
** Pro-[[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Communist-controlled China]] Militias

* [[Revolutionary Left Party]]
* Teachers' Confederation (Bolivia)
* [[Trade Union Confederation of Bolivian Workers]]
* [[Higher University of San Andrés|UMSA]] students ([[1946 La Paz riots|1946]])
* African Mine Workers' Union
* [[African National Congress]]
* [[South African Communist Party|Communist Party of South Africa]]
* [[Communist Party of Korea]]
* National Council of Korean Labour Unions
* [[Korean National Youth Association]]
* [[Northwest Youth League]]
* [[Communist Party USA]]

* [[Japan Motion Picture and Theatrical Worker's Union]] ([[Toho strikes|1946]])
* [[Sanbetsu]] ([[Toho strikes|1946]])
* [[Japanese Communist Party]]
* [[Communist Party of Australia]]
* [[Liberal Party (Paraguay)|Liberal Party]]
* [[Revolutionary Febrerista Party|Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration]]
* [[Paraguayan Communist Party]]
* [[February 1 General Strike (1947)|February 1 General Strikers]]
* [[Workers' Party of South Korea]]
* [[Yeosu–Suncheon rebellion|14th South Korea regiment Mutineers]]
* [[Democratic Action (Venezuela)]]
* [[Renovating Action Party|Renovating Action Party - Communist Faction]]
* [[1948 Queensland railway strike|1948 Queensland railway strikers]]
* [[Teodoro Picado Michalski|Teodoro Picado Michalski Cabinet]]
* [[People's Vanguard Party (Costa Rica)]]
* [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Calderon forces]]
* [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]]
* [[Social Democracy (Czech Republic)|Social Democracy Party]] (pro-communist factions)
* [[National Party (Syria)]]
*[[Nachole Uprising|Santal peasants rebels]]
*[[People's Committee (postwar Korea)|Peoples Committees of the People's Republic of Korea]]
* [[Colombian Liberal Party]]
**Various paramilitary groups
*[[Colombian Communist Party]]
** Paramilitary groups
***''Grupos de Autodefensas''
***''Campesinas''
***others
*[[French Section of the Workers' International]] (SFIO)
*[[French Communist Party]]
*[[Italian Communist Party]]
*[[United Issarak Front]]
*[[Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"]]
*[[Italian Socialist Party]]
* [[Malayan Communist Party]]
** [[Malayan National Liberation Army]]
* [[Indochinese Communist Party]]
* [[Democratic Party of Vietnam]]
* [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]]
* [[:vi:Việt_Nam_Cách_mệnh_Đồng_minh_Hội|Pro-Viet Minh VRL]]
* [[Bình Xuyên|Pro-Viet-Minh Bình Xuyên]]

* [[Vietnam Buddhist Sangha#History|Buddhist Association for National Salvation]]
* [[:vi:Ủy_ban_Đoàn_kết_Công_giáo_Việt_Nam|Catholic Association for National Salvation]]
* Pro-Viet Minh [[Caodaism|Caodaists]]
* [[Hòa Hảo|Dân xã Hòa Hảo]] Resistance League
* [[Protestantism in Vietnam|Pro-Viet Minh protestants]]
* [[Government of Mosaddegh]] Supporters
* [[Australian Labor Party split of 1955|Australian Labor Party - Pro Communist Factions]]
|}

== See Also ==

* [[Cold War]]
* [[Cold war (term)|Cold War (Term)]]
* [[Proxy war|Proxy War]]
** [[List of proxy wars]]
* [[List of conflicts related to the Cold War]]
* [[List of wars: 1945-1989]]
* [[List of wars: 1990-2002]]

{{Cold War}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Soviet Union–United States military relations]]
[[Category:Aftermath of World War II]]
[[Category:History of international relations]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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Edithistory:Participants in the Cold War

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Palabana University

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Palabana University
| motto = Aspire to Inspire Excellence through Education
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption =

| established = {{Start date|1965}} (as Clifton Centre) 2019 (established as university via SI 69)
| type = [[Public university]]
| affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA) - Level 7
| vice_chancellor = Prof. Vernon Chinene
| deputy_vice_chancellor = Prof. Musso Munyeme (Research & Innovation)
| city = [[Chongwe]]
| state = [[Lusaka Province]]
| country = [[Zambia]]

| coor = {{coord|15.441|S|28.595|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Rural (Palabana area, Chongwe District)

| website = {{URL|https://pu.ac.zm/}}
}}

'''Palabana University''' ('''PU''') is a [[public university]] located in [[Chongwe District]], [[Lusaka Province]], [[Zambia]].<ref name="PUAbout">{{cite web|title=About Us - Palabana University|url=https://pu.ac.zm/?page_id=139|publisher=Palabana University|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> It specializes in agricultural and livestock education under the Higher Education Authority (HEA) framework <ref name="PUAbout"/>

== History ==
Originating as the '''Clifton Youth Training Centre''' in 1965, the institution transitioned to the '''Palabana Dairy Training Institute''' (PDTI) in the 1970s, expanding from carpentry to dairy and livestock training <ref name="PUAbout"/> The institution was officially established as a public university in 2019 via Statutory Instrument No. 69, holding its inaugural graduation in November 2024 <ref name="PUAbout"/>, {{cite web|title=President Sata to Launch Palabana University|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2013/05/16/president-sata-to-launch-palabana-university/|publisher=Lusaka Times|date=16 May 2013|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> <ref name="ZDiggers">{{cite web|title=Palabana University holds first graduation ceremony|url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/11/17/palabana-university-holds-first-graduation-ceremony/|publisher=Zambia Diggers!|date=17 November 2024|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>.

== Campus ==
Located roughly 40 km east of Lusaka, the rural campus maintains commercialized agricultural units, emphasizing climate-smart farming solutions <ref>{{cite web|title=Palabana Advised to Exploit Agriculture Unit|url=https://www.lsk.gov.zm/?p=3814|publisher=Lusaka Provincial Administration Office|date=15 November 2024|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>.

== Academics ==
The university offers certificates, diplomas, and degrees in animal health, production, and environmental management <ref name="PUAbout"/>, including specialized programs in Aquaculture, Wildlife Management, and Agribusiness <ref>{{cite web|title=Academics: Palabana University Enrollment|url=https://www.facebook.com/100063954405325/posts/academics-palabana-universitypalabana-university-is-now-enrolling-for-the-follow/758230272985446/|publisher=Education For All|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>.

== Governance ==
Key leadership includes Vice Chancellor Prof. Vernon Chinene and Deputy Vice Chancellor Prof. Musso Munyeme <ref name="PUAbout"/>, {{cite web|title=A message from The Vice Chancellor|url=https://pu.ac.zm/?p=638|publisher=Palabana University|date=1 May 2026|access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[List of universities in Zambia]]
* [[Education in Zambia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://pu.ac.zm/}}

{{Universities in Zambia}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Universities in Zambia]]
[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Lusaka Province]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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Edithistory:Palabana University

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| 1361095045 || 2026-06-25T16:14:51Z || Munjunga || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Infobox university | name = Palabana University | motto = Aspire to Inspire Excellence through Education | image_name = | image_size = | caption = | established = {{Start date|1965}} (as Clifton Centre) 2019 (established as university via SI 69) | type = [[Public university]] | affiliation = [[Higher Education Authority]] (HEA) - Level 7 | vice_chancellor = Prof. Vernon Chinene | deputy_vice...'</nowiki>
|}

Ngo Town

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{{draft}}
Ngo Town is the headquarters of [[Andoni]]. The town is a major tourism and [[Blue economy]] pathway in [[Rivers State]]. The ongoing construction of Ngo-Oyorokoto Atlantic road is expected to unlock coastal investment in the area.
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
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Medieval funerary art

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
'''Medieval funerary art''' or '''Medieval secular iconography''' with a particular incidence in the 13th and 14th centuries, constitutes one of the most privileged observatories for analyzing the emergence and development of the notion of the individual at the close of the [[Middle Ages]]. This phenomenon of individuation manifests itself visually through the progressive expansion of the social strata that gain the right to monumental memory, the gradual physiognomic autonomization of sculptural portraits, and, fundamentally, the introduction of images that allude to the ''cursus vitae'' (the existential path) of the deceased. Within these biographical narratives, the inclusion of school-themed compositions—methodologically subdivided by art history into images of learning and images of teaching—surpassed the mere function of documenting an anecdotal or daily record of academic life. In art historiography, it is pointed out that these scenes operated as antithetical visual formulas in the context of late-medieval tomb art: while the former served the affirmation of the biographical, linear, and individualized identity of the subject, the latter operated the dissolution of the individual in favor of the legitimation, perpetuation, and propaganda of corporate or institutional bodies.<ref name="Afonso2012">{{cite journal|author=Afonso, Luís Urbano|title=Imagens de aprendizagem e ensino na arte funerária medieval|journal=De Arte. Revista de Historia del Arte|year=2012|volume=11|pages=71-88|issn=1696-0319}}</ref> This progressive increment of the subject was built alongside an expansion and refinement of biographical, autobiographical, and pseudo-biographical records in European literature of the time. Parallelly, the classical tradition of the topos of illustrious men and women (''uomini famosi'') was reactivated in plastic memory, transposed to the funerary context as a way of validating the status and social exceptionality of the deceased.<ref name="Afonso2012" />

== Typologies ==

In terms of structural funerary typologies, the correlation between physical space, stereotomy, and the individualized biographical narrative found two deeply divergent formal responses on the European continent. The English Gothic tradition tended toward an approach of deep tectonic integration, exemplified by the tomb of the pedagogue and bishop [[Giles of Bridport|Giles de Bridport]] (d. 1262), in [[Salisbury Cathedral]]. The monument is configured as a rectangular tempietto that acts as an open chapel or [[baldachin]], embedded and structurally locked directly between the robust pillars of the transept. This architectural placement dictates a lowered height for the tomb chest and for the [[recumbent effigy]], ensuring a relationship of close visual proximity with the observer. From the standpoint of sculpture molded to the structure, the [[spandrel]]s of the ogival arches are integrated into the construction system as autonomous plastic fields where reliefs in [[high relief]] chronologically narrate the life path of the bishop. The school scene appears here as a foundational and moral stage of his individual path, where formation and the acquisition of virtues justify his subsequent ecclesiastical dignity.

In contrast to the spatial constraint and the internal absorption tendency of the insular model, the funerary art of the Italian communes developed the isolated [[mausoleum]] monument built outdoors. This typology, which experienced its main brilliance in the school of [[Bologna]], settled in the public squares contiguous to the convents of the [[Mendicant orders]]. Such civic structures asserted themselves through their pronounced verticality and were strictly organized into three superimposed tiers: a lower base pierced by a high colonnade, an intermediate platform where the tomb chest is exposed through [[pointed arch]]es with polychrome [[marble]] voussoirs in white and green rows, and a geometric pyramidal crown covered in tiles. Technical and plastic evolution in this context transformed the once austere faces of the chests, previously restricted to traditional family heraldry, into authentic historiated facades. This material transition reflects the rise of a new urban social group, the intellectual bourgeoisie of jurists, doctors, and [[glossators]], who claimed for themselves a funerary monumentality once exclusive to the nobility of blood.<ref name="Grandi1982">{{cite book|author=Grandi, Renzo|title=I Monumenti dei Dottori: I monumenti sepolcrali dei lettores dello Studio bolognese|location=Bologna|publisher=Istituto per a Storia di Bologna|year=1982}}</ref>

== School iconography ==

The iconographic differentiation of school scenes sculpted on the faces of these chests constitutes the methodological core for understanding the problem of individuation in tomb sculpture. Images of learning are characterized by the representation of the deceased in childhood or adolescence, appearing integrated into the linear sequence of the ''cursus vitai''. The youth is figured in the presence of a pedagogue or master, handling the typical material writing supports of the era, such as parchment rolls (''rotuli'') or codices. Their intentionality lies in attesting to a virtuous and disciplined childhood.<ref name="Grandi1982" /><ref name="Afonso2012" /> On the other hand, images of teaching obliterate the chronological development of the subject to focus exclusively on their intellectual maturity and teaching authority. Exclusive to the tombs of scholars and university professors, these compositions formally resort to [[hierarchical proportion|hierarchical perspective]]. The master is figured on a distinctly larger scale, appearing enthroned on a monumental rostrum (''ex cathedra'') in front of a lectern with an open book. Before him, the audience of adult students is arranged in profile along serialized desks or benches, emulating the spatiality and intellectual dynamics of an academic ''[[disputatio]]''. One of the most famous examples that inaugurated and crystallized exactly this iconography is the [[Tomb of Mondino dei Luzzi]] (or similar monuments of professors from the [[University of Bologna]], such as those of Pietro Cerniti or [[Giovanni da Legnano]]). In the Italian Trecento, the use of these representations on the monuments of scholars functioned as an attribute of prestige and social status, analogous to the heraldic crosier on a bishop's sepulcher or the sword on a knight's.<ref name="Grandi1982" /><ref name="Afonso2012" /> The culmination of this volumetry is observed in the tomb of Cino da Pistoia, in [[Pistoia Cathedral]], where the horizontal plane of the traditional effigy is abandoned in favor of an imposing three-dimensional, life-sized sculptural group that crowns the chest. The jurist assumes an axial centrality identical to medieval Christological compositions, flanked and glorified by his own disciples.

The visual codification of these categories depended directly on the iconographic evolution of Grammar, the first of the [[Liberal Arts]], whose image stabilized in sculpture as a seated figure holding both a book, the symbol of transmitted knowledge, and a whip or scourge.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mâle, Émile|title=L'art religieux du XIIIe século en France|location=Paris|publisher=Armand Colin|year=1925|edition=6.ª|pages=75-80}}</ref> In funerary art, the sculpted scourge did not represent mere arbitrary violence, but rather the technical instrument necessary for the domestication of youthful impulses, subordinating the body to the discipline indispensable for the acquisition of knowledge and for the autonomization of the individual through letters.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Cleaver, Laura|title=Grammar and her children: learning to read in the art of the twelfth century|journal=Marginalia|year=2009|volume=9|number=1|pages=12-25}}</ref>

This dialectic between corporate appropriation and personal narrative divides funerary reception into two distinct responses. In the Italian communes, the commissioning of the tombs of intellectuals was assumed by the corporations, colleges, or the State itself, and not by the deceased's family lineage. By fixing the visual program on a monumental image of teaching, static and decontextualized from a biographical chronology, the institution operated a symbolic appropriation of the academic's aura and body, converting their memory into a corporate emblem of intellectual authority and a vehicle for political legitimation of the urban State itself.<ref>{{cite book|author=Moskowitz, Anita F.|title=Nicola Pisano's Arca di San Domenico and its Legacy|location=University Park, Pennsylvania|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|year=1994|pages=37-38}}</ref>

This logic contrasts with the strictly personal and biographical narrative model visible in Portugal, embodied in the tomb of King [[Peter I of Portugal|Dom Pedro I]] at the [[Monastery of Alcobaça]]. On the front face of the chest, integrated into the sculptural program of the [[Wheel of Life and Fortune]], the inclusion of an image of learning fulfills a strictly biographical, subjective, and affective function.<ref name="Afonso2012" /> In the national dynastic monument, the school scene documents the childhood and normative education of the young prince. This representation, framed in one of the edicules of the famous Wheel of Life and Fortune (c. 1361–1363)—which is divided into twelve scenes on the outer wheel and six on the inner wheel—constitutes the second composition of the outer cycle, immediately following a domestic scene set by the hearth featuring a mother with her baby in her arms.

The scene of learning articulates a group of five characters. In the background stand two adult men, in a frontal position and wearing long clerical-type robes, which refer to the teaching life of the Monastery of Alcobaça, the main monastery of the Cistercian Order in Portugal. Currently headless, the posture of one of the masters reveals that he was holding an open codex, while the other inflicts physical punishment on a student. In the closer plane, three young students sitting on the floor create a complex kinetic perception in ''ronde-bosse'', showing the group from three equidistant angles. Gothic plasticity individualizes them through deeply contrasting gestures and expressions:<ref name="Afonso2015">{{cite book|author=Afonso, Luís Urbano|title=Imagens de aprendizagem e ensino na arte funerária gótica: a propósito de uma cena escolar no túmulo do rei D. Pedro I de Portugal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279235076_Imagens_de_aprendizagem_e_ensino_na_arte_funeraria_gotica_a_proposito_de_uma_cena_escolar_no_tumulo_do_rei_D_Pedro_I_de_Portugal|year=2015}}</ref>

* '''The Middle Student:''' Positioned with his back to the observer, he demonstrates total intellectual absorption, extending his right hand toward the book or notebook resting on his lap.<ref name="Afonso2015" />
* '''The Left Student:''' Presents a simian, deformed, and dim-witted physiognomy, with dark hollows instead of eyes, childishly bringing his hand to his mouth. His foolish air is attested by the punishment he receives from the master, who actively pulls his right ear, foreshadowing the imminent use of the switch (scourge) that the teacher holds diagonally against his chest. Plastically, this student mirrors the ominous traits applied to other monstrous and diabolical scenes in the Alcobaça tombs, such as the baby-demon replacing St. Bartholomew in the cradle, the monstrous face of the blind half of Fortune, or the three-headed devil of the Last Judgment on the chest of Inês de Castro.<ref name="Afonso2015" />
* '''The Right Student:''' Exhibits a mature, noble, and lordly bearing, drawn in a reclined pose with crossed legs. The youth rests his right arm on his left hand to support his face, anticipating the classic contemplative and meditative gesture that would be celebrated in Rodin's ''The Thinker'' or Dürer's ''Melencolia''. According to the historiographical proposal of Serafín Moralejo, this third, wiser student personifies Prince Pedro I himself during his youth.<ref name="Afonso2015" />

However, this linearized ''cursus vitae'' composed of twelve outer scenes (extending from birth and childhood to the representation of the corpse in the last edicule, closing the biographical cycle) is dramatically subverted and interrupted by the memory of the violent murder of Inês de Castro, a theme that contaminates the entire adjacent sculptural program.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Afonso, Luís Urbano|title=Eros et Thanatos: the tomb of king Pedro in Alcobaça and its Wheel of Life and Fortune (1358-1363)|journal=Artibus et Historiae|year=2012|volume=33|number=65|pages=9-41}}</ref> The sculptural program intentionally plays with the ambiguity between a general, typified model of human existence and the intimate, private biography of the entombed monarch. This constant interplay of association and dissociation establishes a state of uncertainty that prolongs the commemorative effect and the reception of the work in the observer's mind.

== Micro-architectural framing ==

It is in this sculptural conception that a sharp approach to Gothic naturalism is observed, visible in the fluidity of the drapery and the integration of decorative architectural frames. This tendency toward verisimilitude fits within a typically medieval visual convention, evident in the representation of the [[drapery|pleating]] of the garments according to a predominantly vertical orientation, even though the recumbent effigies are arranged horizontally. Parallelly, the funerary sculptural program follows consolidated iconographic matrices by including animals of strong symbolic value at the feet of the figures—such as the dog, an emblem of fidelity and loyalty—articulating this moral dimension with the affirmation of social status through the presence of highly visible heraldic elements and coats of arms, which mainly refer to the royal lineage of King Peter I of Portugal and to the posthumous construction of the memory of [[Inês de Castro]].

The coherent integration of these sculptural programs into medieval tomb art was also achieved through micro-tectonic framing architectural devices, among which edicules and tabernacles stand out:

* [[Edicule]]: In funerary architecture, it constitutes a small structure that adopts the tectonic vocabulary of a building, serving to highlight, shelter, and hierarchize the element inserted within it—such as inscriptions, biographical reliefs, devotional images, or heraldry.
* [[Tabernacle]]: Performs a similar function, visually isolating the sculpted content from the smooth plane of the chest or wall, establishing formal parallels with structures such as the [[baldachin]] or [[ciborium (architecture)|ciborium]] that covered the monumental tombs of greater dignity.

In the late-medieval period, these forms became widely diffused in European funerary programs, reproducing the sacred architectural language on a reduced scale and reinforcing the indissociable link between tomb sculpture and the tectonic frame.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Redol |first=Pedro |author2=Jorge, Orlindo |title=O panteão régio da Batalha: propaganda, inovação e identidade (1415–1515) |journal=Revista da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses |volume=69 |year=2017 |page=185 }}</ref>

The comparison between European models elucidates the two sides of individuation in late medieval funerary art. While the academic relief of the Italian Trecento dissolves the specificity of the master into the timelessness and immobility of an institutional corporate status, the Alcobaça chisel humanizes and subjectivizes the discourse of the stone, placing the image of learning at the service of a personal and apologetic narrative where the subject's identity is defined by the unrepeatable singularity of their own historical, political, and affective trajectory.<ref name="Afonso2012" />

== See also ==
* [[Gothic sculpture]]
* [[Gothic art in Portugal]]
* [[Recumbent effigy]]
* [[Monastery of Alcobaça]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Funerary art]]
[[Category:Medieval sculpture]]
[[Category:Christian iconography]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Medieval funerary art

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| 1361139843 || 2026-06-25T22:37:30Z || !d'O Magriço valho || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with ''''Medieval funerary art''' or '''Medieval secular iconography''' with a particular incidence in the 13th and 14th centuries, constitutes one of the most privileged observatories for analyzing the emergence and development of the notion of the individual at the close of the [[Middle Ages]]. This phenomenon of individuation manifests itself visually through the progressive expansion of the social strata that gain the right to monumental memory, the gradual...'</nowiki>
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Marta Chilindron

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}


[[File:Marta with orange cube.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Marta Chilindron
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|'''Born'''
|December 21, 1951 La Plata, Argentina
|-
|'''Education'''
|[[State University of New York at Old Westbury|SUNY Old Westbury]]
|-
|'''Known For'''
|ArtGeometric Sculpture
|-
|'''Website'''
|[https://www.martachilindron.com/ martachilindron.com]
|}]]

== Marta Chilindron ==
Marta Chilindron (born 21 December 1951, La Plata, Argentina) is a New York City based contemporary artist known for her kinetic, interactive, geometric sculptures. She creates manipulable artworks from colorful, transparent acrylics and polycarbonate, inviting viewers to fold, expand, and collapse the pieces.

=== Biography ===
Marta Chilindron was born in La Plata, Argentina in 1951. Raised in Montevideo, Uruguay she moved to New York City in 1969 where she earned her BFA from the [[State University of New York at Old Westbury|State University of New York (SUNY) at Old Westbury]]. While studying for her BFA, she spent two summers in the Camnitzer-Porter Studio in Valdottavo, Italy, in 1977 and 1978, studying printmaking. This education was fundamental to her pursuit of a life in the arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron - Artists - Sicardi {{!}} Ayers {{!}} Bacino {{!}} Art Gallery |url=https://www.sicardi.com/artists/marta-chilindron |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=www.sicardi.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Early Work ===
[[File:Untitled No10.jpg|thumb|Untitled N 10, 1985-1995, painted wood, 12 x 72 x 122 in.]]
In the mid-late 1980's, Chilindron started her investigation in sculpture, creating wooden constructions of everyday domestic environments distorted through the same skewed perspective. These works emphasized the relationship between the body and its surroundings, a theme that has remained central to her practice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Opus II, by Marta Chilindron |url=https://web.york.cuny.edu/campus-art/sculpture/marta_chilindron.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=web.york.cuny.edu}}</ref> Such works were exhibited in various institutions, including [[MoMA PS1|MoMa PS1]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=National and International Studio Program 1983–1984 Exhibition {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/4345 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> and [[York College, City University of New York|York College, CUNY]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/artists/70655 |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Opus II, by Marta Chilindron |url=https://web.york.cuny.edu/campus-art/sculpture/marta_chilindron.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=web.york.cuny.edu}}</ref>

During the early 1990s, Chilindron studied drawing with [[Julio Alpuy]], a Uruguayan artist trained by [[Joaquín Torres-García]]. Together with the technical and conceptual training she had received in Italy, her studies with Alpuy provided a strong grounding in geometry and abstraction informed by the traditions of Joaquín Torres-García's [[Taller Torres García|"La Escuela del Sur" ("School of the South")]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron - Artists - Sicardi {{!}} Ayers {{!}} Bacino {{!}} Art Gallery |url=https://www.sicardi.com/artists/marta-chilindron |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=www.sicardi.com |language=en}}</ref>

Throughout the 1990s, Chilindron collaborated with conceptual artist Eduardo Costa on a series of public interventions. One such project, ''Touched by Light'' (1992), involved projecting the image of a hand onto the facades of Manhattan buildings from a moving truck. Together, they also realized interventions in Brazil and Chile as well as created sulptures and paintings from art and fashion magazines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron & Eduardo Costa - Art & Prints for Sale |url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/marta-chilindron-and-eduardo-costa |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref>

By the end of the decade, Chilindron had begun developing collapsible sculptures that employed hinges to enable continuous transformation. In 1999, she created ''Cinema Kinesis'', a site-specific installation for [[El Museo del Barrio]]. The work shifted between a flat configuration on the floor and a three-dimensional environment composed of three rows of movie theater seats facing a screen, exploring the dynamic relationship between object, space, and viewer participation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vine |first=Richard |date=June 30, 1999 |title=Marta Chilindron CINEMA KINESIS Contemporánea 1999, February 24 to June 30, El Museo del Barrio, New York |url=https://www.ceciliadetorres.com/pdf/press_88.pdf |work=Contemporánea 1999}}</ref>

=== Career ===
Chilindron’s work bridges the lineage of international constructivism with dynamic, kinetic art. Over her career, her work has evolved into crafting complex, hinged acrylic structures. Her signature transparent geometric and modular forms can unfold into flat, abstract shapes or expand into immersive, three-dimensional spaces. Her sculptures rely on hinges, allowing viewers or the artist herself to fold, unfold, expand, and alter the physical dimensions of the artwork.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Wise Creative |title=Marta Chilindron's Orange Cube 48 |url=https://hispanicsociety.org/exhibition/marta-chilindrons-orange-cube-48/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Hispanic Society Museum and Library |language=en-us}}</ref> Her work has been exhibited in a variety of pristigious fine art institutions including [[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|Museum of Fine Arts Houston]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Works {{!}} Marta Chilindron {{!}} People {{!}} The MFAH Collections |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/30258/marta-chilindron/objects |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=emuseum.mfah.org}}</ref>, [[Blanton Museum of Art]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blanton.emuseum.com/people/7989/marta-chilindron/objects |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=blanton.emuseum.com}}</ref>, [[El Museo del Barrio|Museo del Barrio]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=QUEENIE: Selected artworks by female artists from El Museo del Barrio's Collection |url=https://elmuseo.org/exhibition/queenie-selected-artworks-by-female-artists-from-el-museo-del-barrios-collection/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=El Museo del Barrio |language=en-US}}</ref>, [[MoMA PS1|MoMa Ps1]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/artists/70655 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref>, Fonds d'art contemporain de la Ville de Genève (FMAC), [[Hispanic Society of America|Hispanic Society Museum & Library]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Wise Creative |title=Marta Chilindron's Orange Cube 48 |url=https://hispanicsociety.org/exhibition/marta-chilindrons-orange-cube-48/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Hispanic Society Museum and Library |language=en-us}}</ref> as well as, but not limited to; art fairs such as [[Art Basel Hong Kong]] (2014)<ref>{{Cite web |last=ipreciation |date=2014-05-17 |title=Lee Wen The Art Newspaper Feature Art Basel HK - iPreciation |url=https://www.ipreciation.com/the-art-newspaper-features-lee-wen-may-2014/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=iPreciation.com |language=en-US}}</ref>, [[Frieze Art Fair|Frieze]] (2019)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-09 |title=Diálogos: Celebrating Latinx and Latin Art in the Global Art World |url=http://www.frieze.com/article/dialogos-celebrating-latinx-and-latin-art-global-art-world |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref>, [[The Armory Show (art fair)|The Armory Show]] (multiple years)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron - CV |url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/marta-chilindron/cv |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Armory Show - Booth 230 - Art Fairs - Sicardi {{!}} Ayers {{!}} Bacino {{!}} Art Gallery |url=https://www.sicardi.com/art-fairs/the-armory-show15?view=slider#2 |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=www.sicardi.com |language=en}}</ref>, and [[Pinta Art Show|PINTA]](multiple years)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marta Chilindron - CV |url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/marta-chilindron/cv |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref>.

=== Public Work ===
[[File:HAA - New Art at IAH 03July2025-9.jpg|"Unexpected Spaces - Green", 2023-2025, tryptic, digitally printed glass and steel, 21' x 35’,International Airport Houston|thumb|300x300px]]

Her most prominent public works include large-scale acrylic, polycarbonate, and steel structures that invite the public to walk through them and their colorful shadows to witness the transformation of shape and space.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misiaszek |first=McKenzie |date=2019-10-08 |title='Mobius Houston' first temporary art piece in new program |url=https://thedailycougar.com/2019/10/07/mobius-houston-first-temporary-art-piece/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=The Cougar |language=en-US}}</ref>

'Mobius Houston', created for Public Art [[University of Houston System]], was made in 2019 and existed in interactive view for the public through April 2020. Being nearly four times the size of Chilindron's earlier work in the 'Mobius' series, this piece introduced a significant advance in material use and production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Mobius Houston to Transform University of Houston Arts District |url=https://hyperallergic.com/mobius-houston-to-transform-university-of-houston-arts-district/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-13 |title=Marta Chilindrón {{!}} Mobius Houston |url=https://publicartuhs.org/event/mobius-houston/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Public Art University of Houston System |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobius |url=https://metalabstudio.com/creative-infrastructure/mobius |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Metalab Studio |language=en-US}}</ref>

"Orange Cube 48", an immersive work originally created for Art Basel Hong Kong 'Encounters' in 2014<ref>{{Cite web |last=ipreciation |date=2014-05-17 |title=Lee Wen The Art Newspaper Feature Art Basel HK - iPreciation |url=https://www.ipreciation.com/the-art-newspaper-features-lee-wen-may-2014/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=iPreciation.com |language=en-US}}</ref>, was later installed in 2023 on [[Audubon Terrace]] for a partnership of [[Hispanic Society of America|The Hispanic Society]] Museum & Library and the Northern Manhattan Arts Alliance (NoMAA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Wise Creative |title=Marta Chilindron's Orange Cube 48 |url=https://hispanicsociety.org/exhibition/marta-chilindrons-orange-cube-48/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Hispanic Society Museum and Library |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Saltonstall |first1=Gus |last2=Staff |first2=Patch |date=2023-08-02 |title=Orange Cube Immersive Sculpture Unveiled Outside Of Uptown Museum |url=https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/orange-cube-immersive-sculpture-unveiled-outside-uptown-museum |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Washington Heights-Inwood, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref>

'Unexpected Spaces' is a permanently installed triptych for [[Houston International Airport (IAH)]]. Constructed of digitally printed glass mounted to a steel frame, the works are on view for passing travelers. 'Unexpected Spaces' was commissioned by the City of Houston on behalf of Houston Airports through the city’s Civic Art Program and Houston Art Alliance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three new artworks transform IAH Terminal E into a gateway of creativity |url=https://www.fly2houston.com/airport-business/newsroom/articles/item/three-new-artworks-transform-iah-terminal-e-into-a-gateway-of-creativity/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=www.fly2houston.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unexpected Spaces |url=https://metalabstudio.com/public-art/unexpected-spaces |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Metalab Studio |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Select Solo Exhibitions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Exhibition
!Location
!Links
|-
|2025
|Unexpected Spaces
|Permanent installation at [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH)]], Houston, Texas, USA
|[https://www.fly2houston.com/airport-business/newsroom/articles/item/three-new-artworks-transform-iah-terminal-e-into-a-gateway-of-creativity/]
|-
|2025
|Abstract Transitions
|<nowiki>Sicardi | Ayers | Bacino, Houston, TX. USA</nowiki>
|[https://www.sicardi.com/exhibitions/marta-chilindron-abstract-transitions]
|-
|2023
|Orange Cube
|[[Hispanic Society of America]], New York, NY, USA
|[https://hispanicsociety.org/exhibition/marta-chilindrons-orange-cube-48/]
|-
|2022
|Parallell Greens
|[[Rice University Business School|Jones School of Business, Rice University]], Houston, TX, USA
|[https://moody.rice.edu/art/marta-chilindron]
|-
|2019
|Houston Mobius
|Inaugural Installation of the Public Art of the University of Houston System’s (PAUHS) new Temporary Public Art Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
|[https://publicartuhs.org/event/mobius-houston/]
|-
|2019
|Geometry at Play: Sculpture by Marta Chilindron
|Cecilia de Torres, Ltd., New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.ceciliadetorres.com/exhibitions/focus/geometry_at_play._sculpture_by_marta_chilindron]
|-
|2019
|Diálogos
|[[Frieze Art Fair|Frieze]] New York, New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.frieze.com/article/dialogos-celebrating-latinx-and-latin-american-artists]
|-
|2018
|Marta Chilindron: GEO
|[[Point of Contact Gallery]], Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
|
|-
|2015
|Temporal Systems
|Alejandra Von Hartz Gallery, Miami, FL, USA
|[https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Marta-Chilindron--Temporal-Systems/95C9D95164BEE7A4]
|-
|2014
|Expand//Fold//Collapse: Sculptures by Marta Chilindron
|The Great Hall Exhibitions, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/marta-chilindron-57029/]
|-
|2014
|Orange Cube, Encounters
|[[Art Basel Hong Kong|Art Basel]] [[Art Basel Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], China
|[https://fashionpluslifestyle.wordpress.com/2014/04/01/art-basel-hong-kong-2014-announced-the-17-artworks-to-be-presented-within-the-encounters-sector-of-its-second-edition-in-hong-kong/]
|-
|2013
|Marta Chilindron: Integral Geometries
|[[Museum of Latin American Art|Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA)]], Long Beach, CA, USA
|[https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Marta-Chilindron--Integral-Geometries/4A120041F0EE3F52]
|-
|2012
|Marta Chilindron
|Galeria Laura Marsiaj, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
|2011
|Marta Chilindron: Constructions
|Cecilia de Torres, Ltd., New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.ceciliadetorres.com/exhibitions/focus/marta_chilindron_-_constructions]
|-
|2010
|Marta Chilindron
|Galerie Alejandra von Hartz, Miami, FL, USA
|[https://www.meer.com/en/10130-new-dialogues]
|-
|2008
|Marta Chilindron
|Laura Marsiaj Arte Contemporânea, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
|2006
|Sculpture in Four Dimensions
|Amelie A. Wallace Gallery at SUNY, Old Westbury, NY, USA
|
|-
|2006
|Marta Chilindron
|VCUQ Gallery, Doha, Qatar
|[https://abstractioninaction.com/artists/marta-chilindron/]
|-
|2004
|Marta Chilindron
|Kantoor Langeveld, Amsterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
|2001
|Sculptures
| Dot Galerie, Geneva, Switzerland
|[http://www.dotgalerie.com/prog/index.html]
|-
|1999
|Cinema Kinesis
|[[El Museo del Barrio]], New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.ceciliadetorres.com/pdf/press_88.pdf]
|-
|1997
|Dimensions
|Cecilia de Torres, Ltd., New York, NY, USA
|[https://www.ceciliadetorres.com/exhibitions/enlarge/marta_chilindron_-_dimensions/996]
|-
|1994
|Talking Paintings & Dreams
|IBEU Copacabana & IBEU Madureira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (with Eduardo Costa)
|[https://abstractioninaction.com/tag/marta-chilindron/]
|-
|1993
|Mag Sculptures
|Gallery B, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
|
|-
|1993
|Touched by Light, (A Street Work)
|New York, NY, USA
|
|-
|1987
|Outdoor Installation
|[[CUNY QCC|CUNY, QCC]], Bayside, New York, NY, USA
|
|-
|1986
|Permanent Installation
|[[York College, City University of New York|York College, CUNY]], New York, NY, USA
|[https://web.york.cuny.edu/campus-art/sculpture/marta_chilindron.html]
|}

=== Awards ===

* '''2022''' [[Pollock-Krasner Foundation]], Grant
* '''2022''' NoMAA Commission to create a public for [[Hispanic Society of America|Hispanic Society]] Audubon Terrace
* '''2020''' Creative Engagement Grant
* '''2019''' UMEZ Arts Engagement Grant
* '''2013''' [[Pollock-Krasner Foundation]], Grant
* '''2007''' Excellency in Art Award, Alumni Association of the State University of New York
* '''2003''' [[Civitella Ranieri Foundation]] Artist Residency, Umbria, Italy
* '''2001''' Anonymous Was A Woman
* '''2000''' [[Joan Mitchell Foundation]], Inc. Award
* '''1986''' [[Pollock-Krasner Foundation]], Grant
* '''1985-1983''' [[MoMA PS1|MoMa PS-1]] Museum, National Studio Program, Artist Residency

=== Publications ===

* 2012: [[Berta Sichel|Beta Sichel]], “Constructions,” Arte al Dia International, #139.
* 2012: Tatiana Flores, “Marta Chilindron at Cecilia de Torres,” [[ArtNexus]], Vol. 11 #84.
* 2012: Robert C. Morgan, “Sculpture in New York,” World Sculpture News, Vol. 18 #1
* 2011: Constructions exhibition catalogue, essays by [[Eleanor Heartney]] and Richard Vine.
* 2010: Goschka Gawlik, “Kunst News, Focus Lodz Biennale 2010”, 2-10-10, art magazine, Vienna, Austria.
* 2001: Richard Vine, “Report from Rio de la Plata,” [[Art in America]], Oct.
* 1997: Jonathan Goodman, “Marta Chilindron at Cecilia de Torres,” [[Art in America]], Sept.
* 1996: [[Ana Tiscornia]], “Perverting the Specific Object,” Atlantica Int. Revista de las Artes, #15.
* 1993: Monica Amor, “Contemporary Art of Argentina, Brazil & Colombia,” [[ArtNexus|Art Nexus]], 6-8/93.
* 1992: [[Berta Sichel]], “Touched by Light,” [[ArtNexus|Art Nexus]]
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
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Edithistory:Marta Chilindron

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| 1361115348 || 2026-06-25T18:57:44Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Marta Chilindron */</nowiki>
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| 1361115234 || 2026-06-25T18:56:25Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Select Solo Exhibitions */</nowiki>
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| 1361113050 || 2026-06-25T18:35:27Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Public Work */</nowiki>
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| 1361112617 || 2026-06-25T18:31:05Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Public Work */</nowiki>
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| 1361112242 || 2026-06-25T18:27:56Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Early Work */</nowiki>
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| 1361112011 || 2026-06-25T18:25:39Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Career */</nowiki>
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| 1361110415 || 2026-06-25T18:11:51Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Career */</nowiki>
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| 1361109240 || 2026-06-25T18:01:37Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Career */</nowiki>
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| 1359871607 || 2026-06-17T19:21:19Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Career */</nowiki>
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| 1359856113 || 2026-06-17T17:18:54Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Early Work */</nowiki>
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| 1357966483 || 2026-06-05T19:36:36Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Awards */</nowiki>
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| 1357966172 || 2026-06-05T19:34:29Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1357963974 || 2026-06-05T19:20:30Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki></nowiki>
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| 1357957454 || 2026-06-05T18:31:34Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki></nowiki>
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| 1357938426 || 2026-06-05T15:57:48Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Marta Chilindron */</nowiki>
|----
| 1356782039 || 2026-05-29T19:54:19Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>/* Awards */</nowiki>
|----
| 1356779899 || 2026-05-29T19:41:25Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1356777567 || 2026-05-29T19:26:23Z || Marta.Chilindron || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '== Marta Chilindron == Marta Chilindron (born 21 December 195, La Plata, Argentina) is a New York City based contemporary artist known for her kinetic, interactive, geometric sculptures. She creates manipulable artworks from colorful, transparent acrylics and polycarbonate, inviting viewers to fold, expand, and collapse the pieces. === Biography === Marta Chilindron was born in La Plata, Argentina in 1951. Raised in Montevideo, Uruguay she moved to New Yor...'</nowiki>
|}

List of living centenarians in Oceania

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Dynamic list}}

The following is a '''list of living [[centenarian]]s''' (living people who have attained the age of at least 100 years) who are recognized for reasons other than their [[longevity]]. For more specific lists of people (living or deceased) who are known for these reasons, see [[lists of centenarians]].

For living people who achieved recognition for their longevity, see [[list of oldest living people]].

== List of oldest notable living people in Oceania ==
{{legend|#DDEEBB|All supercentenarians (above 110 years old)}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sex
!Birth
!Age
!Country
!Reason for Notability
|-
|{{Hs|Geering}}[[Lloyd Geering|Sir Lloyd Geering]] || M || February 26, 1918 || {{ayd|1918|2|26}} || New Zealander || Theologian<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/have-great-deal-optimism-famous-kiwi-atheist-sir-lloyd-geering-celebrates-100th-birthday-v1|title='I have a great deal of optimism' – famous Kiwi atheist Sir Lloyd Geering celebrates 100th birthday|publisher=tvnz.co.nz|author=Staff|date=2018-02-26|access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Hall}}[[Judy Hall (pianist)|Judy Hall]] || F || July 2, 1922 || {{ayd|1922|7|2}} || Australian || Pianist and musician<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lucas |first1=Rachael |title=Gippsland piano teacher Judy Hall celebrates turning 100 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-07-05/gippsland-piano-teacher-judy-hall-turns-100/101207972 |website=[[ABC (Australia)|ABC]] |date=4 July 2022 |access-date=July 6, 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Jelley}}[[Arch Jelley]] || M || August 13, 1922 || {{ayd|1922|8|13}} || New Zealander || Athletics coach<ref>{{cite web |title=Aotearoa's oldest Olympic coach, Arch Jelley, celebrates 100th birthday |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/129558075/aotearoas-oldest-olympic-coach-arch-jelley-celebrates-100th-birthday |website=Stuff |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Strachan}}[[Fred Strachan]] || M || August 17, 1923 || {{ayd|1923|8|17}} || New Zealander || Rowing coach<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/other-sports/132761825/tributes-flow-as-legendary-new-zealand-rowing-selector-fred-strachan-turns-100|title=Tributes flow as legendary New Zealand rowing selector Fred Strachan turns 100 |date=17 August 2023 |work=Stuff |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Young}}[[Henry Young (tennis)|Henry Young]] || M || September 26, 1923 || {{ayd|1923|9|26}} || Australian || Tennis player and [[World War II]] veteran<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Jo |date=2025-06-14 |title=‘Tennis repairs you’: the 101-year-old fuelled by iced coffee who still plays competitively |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/15/henry-young-101-year-old-tennis-player |access-date=2026-05-23 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Ball}}[[Vincent Ball]] || M || December 4, 1923 || {{ayd|1923|12|4}} || Australian || Actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crossroadsmotel.co.uk/fanclub/2023/12/04/vincent-ball-joins-the-motel-100-club/|title=Vincent Ball joins the "Motel 100 Club"|date=3 December 2023|access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Petrick}}[[Jose Petrick]] || F || February 14, 1924 || {{ayd|1924|2|14}} || British-born Australian || Historian and community advocate<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jose Petrick, author of popular Alice Springs history book, celebrates her 100th birthday|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-14/jose-petrick-celebrates-100th-birthday/103458976 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=ABC |date=2024-02-14 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Westheimer}}[[Gerald Westheimer]] || M || May 13, 1924 || {{ayd|1924|5|13}} || Australian || Scientist<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vision.berkeley.edu/events/westheimer-celebration/well-wishes-for-gerald/|title=Well Wishes for Gerald|publisher=Berkley Vision Science|date=14 April 2024|access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|Doyle}}[[Angela Mary Doyle]] || F || August 19, 1925 || {{ayd|1925|8|19}} || Irish-born Australian || Nun<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catholicleader.com.au/news/queensland-great-sr-angela-mary-doyle-turns-100/|title=Queensland great Sr Angela Mary Doyle turns 100 today|publisher=The Catholic Leader|date=19 August 2025|access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{Hs|O'Neill}}[[Kevin O'Neill (soccer)|Kevin O'Neill]] || M || November 14, 1925 || {{ayd|1925|11|14}} || Australian || Soccer player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/9111900/australias-oldest-socceroo-kevin-oneill-turns-100/|title='I loved it since I was a boy': oldest Socceroo turns 100|publisher=Newcastle Herald|date=15 November 2025}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of supercentenarians]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lists of the oldest people by specific groups}}

[[:Category:Lists of centenarians|*Living]]
[[:Category:Lists of oldest living people|centenarians]]
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:List of living centenarians in Oceania

2026-06-26T15:13:49Z

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{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361225143 || 2026-06-26T14:29:12Z || Bearcat || <nowiki>Cleaning up submission</nowiki>
|----
| 1361158137 || 2026-06-26T01:34:33Z || ~2026-31970-49 || <nowiki>/* List of oldest notable living people */</nowiki>
|----
| 1361158010 || 2026-06-26T01:33:25Z || ~2026-31970-49 || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Draft article|nomove=yes}} {{Short description|none}} {{Dynamic list}} The following is a '''list of living [[centenarian]]s''' (living people who have attained the age of at least 100 years) who are recognized for reasons other than their [[longevity]]. For more specific lists of people (living or deceased) who are known for these reasons, see [[lists of centenarians]]. For living people who achieved recognition for their longevity, see list of oldes...'</nowiki>
|}

Kyoei March

2026-06-26T15:13:14Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article}}
{{Expand Japanese|キョウエイマーチ}}{{Infobox racehorse|name=Kyoei March キョウエイマーチ|image=Kyoei_March_20000220R1.jpg|caption=Kyoei March racing at the 2000 [[February Stakes]].|sire=[[Dancing Brave]]|grandsire=[[Lyphard]]|dam=Inter Charmant|damsire=Bravest Roman|sex=[[Mare (horse)|Mare]]|foaled=April 19, 1994|death_date=May 9, 2007 (aged 13)|country=[[Japan]]|color=[[Bay (horse)|Bay]]|owner=Tomee Matsuoka|trainer=Akihiko Nomura|breeder=International Stud Co. Ltd|record=28: 8-4-3|earnings=¥500.44 mil yen ([[Japan Racing Association|JRA]]) ¥27.00 mil yen ([[National Association of Racing|NAR]])|wins=Hochi Hai Yonsai Himba Tokubetsu (1997) [[Oka Sho]] (1997) [[Rose Stakes]] (1997) [[Hankyu Hai]] (1999) [[Kyoto Kimpai]] (2000)}}
'''Kyoei March''' ([[Japanese language|Japanese]]: キョウエイマーチ, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Kyōei Māchi''; April 19, 1994 – May 9, 2007) was a Japanese racehorse and broodmare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=キョウエイマーチ｜JBISサーチ（JBIS-Search） |url=https://www.jbis.or.jp/horse/0000287403/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=www.jbis.or.jp}}</ref> She was the 1997 winner of the [[Oka Sho]]. Her other victories included the 1997 Hochi Hai Yonsai Himba Tokubetsu and [[Rose Stakes]], the 1999 [[Hankyu Hai]], and the 2000 [[Kyoto Kimpai]]. Her primary jockey was Mikio Matsunaga, and later Shinichiro Akiyama.

== Background ==

Kyoei March was foaled on April 19, 1994, at International Ranch in [[Monbetsu, Hokkaido]], as the second foal of Inter Charmant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=11 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> Shortly after birth, it was discovered that she suffered from [[perichondritis]], a skin condition that affected her legs, but thanks to persistent and dedicated treatment,<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=38–39 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> she managed to make it to her debut. In September 1996, Kyoei March entered the Akihiko Nomura stable in Ritto Training Center.

== Racing career ==

=== 1996: three-year-old season ===
Kyoei March made her debut on November 30 in a maiden race over 1,200 meters on the dirt at [[Hanshin Racecourse]]. She won by a landslide, finishing 1.7 seconds ahead of the rest of the field. The horse that finished third in that race was [[Matikanefukukitaru]], who would later win the [[Kikuka-shō|Kikuka Sho]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=12 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> She finished third in the subsequent Senryo Sho, ending the year with a record of 1 win in 2 starts.

=== 1997: four-year-old season ===
At the start of the new year, Kyoei March won the Kambai Sho and the Elfin Stakes back-to-back and established herself as a contender for the Classics.<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=13 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> In March, she competed in the Hochi Hai Yonsai Himba Tokubetsu, a trial race for the [[Oka Shō|Oka Sho]]. She easily took the lead and, thanks to her superior speed, won by a landslide, setting a race record with a margin of seven lengths, the largest in the race’s history over the second-place finisher, Season Princess. Kyoei March was subsequently named the top contender for the Oka Sho.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-05 |title=【報知杯FR】９７年キョウエイマーチでレース史上最大着差の７馬身差圧勝！騎乗した松永幹夫調教師「普通に『負けない』と思っていた」 |url=https://umatoku.hochi.co.jp/articles/20250304-OHT1T51225.html |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=UMATOKU {{!}} 馬トク - スポーツ報知 |language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=14 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref>

In the Oka Sho, she was named the favorite, edging out the 2-year-old champion, [[Mejiro Dober]]. In the Oka Sho, she started from the wide No. 18 post, which is considered a disadvantage and faced several concerns, including a heavy track due to persistent rain. However, she smoothly took the lead at the fourth turn and, showing no signs of tiring in the home stretch, pulled away from the field with her superior speed to win convincingly by four lengths over second-place Mejiro Dober, claiming the Oka Sho title. Jockey Mikio Matsunaga claimed his first Oka Sho victory, while trainer Akihiko Nomura secured his first Grade I victory.<ref name=":0" /> For the breeder, International Farm, this also marked the first GI victory for a horse bred on their own farm.<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=37–39 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref>

In the subsequent [[Yushun Himba]], Kyoei March was the favorite as the Oka Sho winner. Although she took the lead as usual, she lost speed in the home stretch and finished a disappointing 11th, as Mejiro Dober claimed the Yushun Himba title. Incidentally, Kyoei March never won another race involving long-distance transport after that; all of her victories during her racing career were at local racetracks in the Kansai region ([[Kyoto Racecourse]] and Hanshin Racecourse).
[[File:Kyoei March 2 19970921.JPG|thumb|Kyoei March at the 1997 Rose Stakes.]]
In her first race of the fall, the [[Rose Stakes]]—her return from a layoff—she defeated [[Seeking the Pearl]], who was the favorite, but in the [[Shūka Shō|Shuka Sho]], she finished second again, beaten by Mejiro Dober. From then on, she focused almost exclusively on short-distance races, so although she was considered a rival to Mejiro Dober,<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=20 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> this ultimately turned out to be their final showdown.

After the Shuka Sho, Kyoei March, considering her distance suitability, ran in the [[Mile Championship]] rather than the [[Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Japan)|Queen Elizabeth II Cup]]. She won a pace battle against [[Silence Suzuka]] and held on at the front despite an astonishingly fast pace of 56.5 seconds for the first 1,000 meters,<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=21 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> but was overtaken by [[Taiki Shuttle]] just before the finish line, finishing in second place. In the following [[Sprinters Stakes]], she was the second favorite but suffered a crushing defeat, finishing 11th, bringing her season to a close.

=== 1998: five-year-old season ===
As she entered her older horse years, Kyoei March was unable to secure a victory, finishing third in the [[Yomiuri Milers Cup]], 11th in the [[Silk Road Stakes]], and sixth in the [[Swan Stakes]]; to foster the development of young jockeys, her regular jockey was changed from Matsunaga to Shinichiro Akiyama. However, even with Akiyama as her regular jockey, she finished 6th in the [[Mile Championship]] and 4th in the Hanshin Fillies’ Special, and Kyoei March was unable to secure a victory that year.

=== 1999: six-year-old season ===
Although there were rumors of retirement, Kyoei March decided to continue her racing career and took the [[February Stakes]]. In that race, she led from the start and held on until midway through the home stretch, finishing in 5th place. In her next start, the Yomiuri Milers Cup, she held on to finish 2nd, securing a place in the top two for the first time in a long while. Then, in the [[Hankyu Hai]], she claimed her first graded stakes victory since the Rose Stakes in 1997. She finished 4th in the [[Takamatsunomiya Kinen]], demonstrating that she could still compete in sprint races. However, in the [[Yasuda Kinen]], she got off to a slow start and finished ninth, after which she was sent to rest.

In the fall, she returned to racing in the Nambu Hai, where she finished second. Although she finished 5th in the Mile Championship and 13th in the Sprinters Stakes, Kyoei March continued to compete in top-tier short-distance races on both turf and dirt, and in both national and regional circuits.

=== 2000: seven-year-old season ===
Kyoei March competed in the [[Kyoto Kimpai]], which had been shortened to 1,600 meters that year. Despite carrying a de facto top handicap of 57 kg, she won convincingly, finishing 5 lengths ahead of the second-place finisher, Admire Kaiser.<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=31 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> She and Kiss to Heaven, who won the Nakayama Fillies’ Stakes, are the only Oka Sho winners to have won a graded stakes race at age 6 (formerly 7).<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=31 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref>

Afterward, Kyoei March was unable to win, finishing 11th in the February Stakes and 3rd in the Kurofune Sho. She retired after finishing 6th in the Yomiuri Milers Cup and became a broodmare.<ref>{{Cite book |title=産経 |pages=33 |language=Japanese |trans-title=Sankei}}</ref> Matsunaga remarked that, out of her 28 career starts, she was only in third place or lower at the final turn on three occasions, leaving a lasting impression of possessing speed and front-running ability unlike anything he had ever experienced before.<ref name=":1" />

== Racing record ==
The following racing form is based on information available on JBIS search<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Records {{!}} Kyoei March(JPN) {{!}} JBIS-Search |url=https://www.jbis.jp/horse/0000287403/record/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=www.jbis.jp}}</ref> and netkeiba.com.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyoei March Race Record and Form {{!}} Horse Profile |url=https://en.netkeiba.com/db/horse/result/1994109164/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=netkeiba |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
!Date
!Track
!Race
!Grade
!Type/Distance
!Field
!Finish
!Time
!Jockey
!Winner (2nd Place)
|- style="background-color:white"
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left" |'''1996 – three-year-old season'''
|-
|November 30, 1996
|[[Hanshin Racecourse|Hanshin]]
|3YO Debut
|
|Dirt 1200m
|13
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:13.4
|Mikio Matsunaga
|(Erimo Shiten O)
|-
|December 22, 1996
|Hanshin
|Senryo Sho
|
|Turf 1600m
|16
|{{color|darkgreen|3rd}}
|1:36.7
|Y.Hashimoto
|Hokko Beauty
|- style="background-color:white"
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left" |'''1997 – four-year-old season'''
|-
|January 12, 1997
|[[Kyoto Racecourse|Kyoto]]
|Kambai Sho
|
|Dirt 1400m
|9
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:24.9
|Mikio Matsunaga
|(Tagano Lapis)
|-
|February 16, 1997
|Kyoto
|Elfin Stakes
|OP
|Turf 1600m
|15
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:36.7
|Mikio Matsunaga
|(Hokko Beauty)
|-
|March 9, 1997
|Hanshin
|Hochi Hai Yonsai Himba Tokubetsu
|G2
|Turf 1400m
|16
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:21.4
|Mikio Matsunaga
|(She's Princess)
|-
|April 6, 1997
|Hanshin
|[[Oka Shō]]
|G1
|Turf 1600m
|18
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:36.9
|Mikio Matsunaga
|([[Mejiro Dober]])
|-
|May 25, 1997
|[[Tokyo Racecourse|Tokyo]]
|[[Yushun Himba]]
|G1
|Turf 2400m
|16
|11th
|2:31.2
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Mejiro Dober
|-
|September 21, 1997
|Hanshin
|[[Rose Stakes]]
|G2
|Turf 2000m
|11
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|2:01.6
|Mikio Matsunaga
|(Maple Syrup)
|-
|October 19, 1997
|Kyoto
|[[Shūka Shō]]
|G1
|Turf 2000m
|18
|{{color|darkblue|2nd}}
|2:00.5
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Mejiro Dober
|-
|November 16, 1997
|Kyoto
|[[Mile Championship]]
|G1
|Turf 1600m
|18
|{{color|darkblue|2nd}}
|1:33.7
|Mikio Matsunaga
|[[Taiki Shuttle]]
|-
|December 14, 1997
|[[Nakayama Racecourse|Nakayama]]
|[[Sprinters Stakes]]
|G1
|Turf 1200m
|16
|11th
|1:09.7
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Taiki Shuttle
|- style="background-color:white"
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left" |'''1998 – five-year-old season'''
|-
|March 8, 1998
|Hanshin
|[[Yomiuri Milers Cup]]
|G2
|Turf 1600m
|11
|{{color|darkgreen|3rd}}
|1:34.0
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Big Sunday
|-
|April 26, 1998
|Kyoto
|[[Silk Road Stakes]]
|G3
|Turf 1200m
|12
|11th
|1:09.5
|Mikio Matsunaga
|[[Seeking the Pearl]]
|-
|October 31, 1998
|Kyoto
|[[Swan Stakes]]
|G2
|Turf 1400m
|14
|6th
|1:23.0
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Royal Suzuka
|-
|November 22, 1998
|Kyoto
|Mile Championship
|G1
|Turf 1600m
|13
|6th
|1:34.3
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Taiki Shuttle
|-
|December 20, 1998
|Hanshin
|Sankei Sports Hai
|G2
|Turf 1600m
|13
|4th
|1:35.2
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Egao o Misete
|- style="background-color:white"
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left" |'''1999 – six-year-old season'''
|-
|January 31, 1999
|Tokyo
|[[February Stakes]]
|G1
|Dirt 1600m
|16
|5th
|1:36.8
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Meisei Opera
|-
|March 7, 1999
|Hanshin
|Yomiuri Milers Cup
|G2
|Turf 1600m
|14
|{{color|darkblue|2nd}}
|1:35.7
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Egao o Misete
|-
|April 10, 1999
|Hanshin
|[[Hankyu Hai]]
|G3
|Turf 1200m
|16
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:08.6
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|(Broad Appeal)
|-
|May 23, 1999
|[[Chukyo Racecourse|Chukyo]]
|[[Takamatsunomiya Kinen]]
|G1
|Turf 1200m
|16
|4th
|1:08.2
|Mikio Matsunaga
|Masa Lucky
|-
|June 13, 1999
|Tokyo
|[[Yasuda Kinen]]
|G1
|Turf 1600m
|14
|9th
|1:34.7
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Air Jihad
|-
|October 11, 1999
|[[Morioka Racecourse|Morioka]]
|Nambu Hai
|
|Dirt 1600m
|12
|{{color|darkblue|2nd}}
|1:38.9
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Nihon Pillow Jupiter
|-
|November 21, 1999
|Kyoto
|Mile Championship
|G1
|Turf 1600m
|18
|5th
|1:33.4
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Air Jihad
|-
|December 19, 1999
|Nakayama
|Sprinters Stakes
|G1
|Turf 1200m
|16
|13th
|1:09.8
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Black Hawk
|- style="background-color:white"
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left" |'''2000 – seven-year-old season'''
|-
|January 5, 2000
|Kyoto
|[[Kyoto Kimpai]]
|G3
|Turf 1600m
|16
|{{color|darkred|1st}}
|1:33.4
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|(Admire Kaiser)
|-
|February 20, 2000
|Tokyo
|February Stakes
|G1
|Dirt 1600m
|16
|11th
|1:36.8
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Wing Arrow
|-
|March 21, 2000
|[[Kochi Racecourse|Kochi]]
|Kurofune Sho
|
|Dirt 1400m
|12
|{{color|darkgreen|3rd}}
|1:28.8
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Be My Nakayama
|-
|April 15, 2000
|Hanshin
|Yomiuri Milers Cup
|G2
|Turf 1600m
|18
|6th
|1:34.8
|Shinichiro Akiyama
|Meiner Max
|}

== Retirement ==
She had been stabled at Northern Farm Hayakita since 2001, but on May 9, 2007, she died from a colic episode during the birth of her final foal, Imperial March.<ref>{{Cite web |title=桜花賞馬キョウエイマーチが死亡 {{!}} 競馬ニュース |url=https://news.netkeiba.com/?pid=news_view&no=20388 |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=netkeiba |language=ja}}</ref> She was 13 years old at the time of her death.

Although her offspring were not unattractive, many inherited the leg problems she herself had suffered from. Her second foal, Vito Wankel, was forced to undergo surgery before reaching the age of two and ended his career winless after a total of 11 starts in both national and regional races. Her first foal, Vite Marcher, her third foal, Triumph March, and her fourth foal, Imperial March, were unable to make their debuts in two-year-old races due to physical frailty, among other factors, so there were many cases where they could not be raced smoothly. Furthermore, he was not blessed with many fillies; his first foal, Vito Marche, is the only one carrying on the Kyoei March female line. Vite Marcher would later foal [[Marche Lorraine (horse)|Marche Lorraine]], winner of four inter-regional graded stakes races and the winner of the [[Breeders' Cup Distaff]], as well as Baden-Willer, winner of the Mercury Cup.

Furthermore, Vito Marche’s second foal, Sanble Emuse, entered the breeding ranks, and among her offspring, her third foal, Namur, excelled on the filly Triple Crown route with a third-place finish in the Yushun Himba and a second-place finish in the Shuka Sho; as a mature mare, she went on to win the Mile Championship. The Kyoei March female line is expanding through Vito Marche.

In the JRA Premium Race “Hanshin Spring Premium,” held as the 12th race at Hanshin Racecourse on April 11, 2010, this horse received the most votes, leading to the race being held under the additional name “Kyoei March Memorial.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=「阪神スプリングプレミアム」のレース名が決定！ |url=http://www.jra.go.jp/news/201003/032201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325200656/http://www.jra.go.jp/news/201003/032201.html |archive-date=2010-03-25 |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=www.jra.go.jp}}</ref>

== Pedigree ==

== References ==
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Kyoei March

2026-06-26T15:13:04Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361211821 || 2026-06-26T12:18:05Z || Mehmed Nâzım || <nowiki>fixed {{cite web}} error</nowiki>
|----
| 1361186993 || 2026-06-26T06:42:42Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki>/* Retirement */</nowiki>
|----
| 1361186777 || 2026-06-26T06:38:49Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361186416 || 2026-06-26T06:33:44Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361185118 || 2026-06-26T06:13:44Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361184413 || 2026-06-26T06:02:08Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki>/* Racing record */</nowiki>
|----
| 1361182884 || 2026-06-26T05:39:47Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361177896 || 2026-06-26T04:52:39Z || ItzAPotato2009 || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Draft article}} {{Expand Japanese|キョウエイマーチ}}{{Infobox racehorse|name=Kyoei March|image=Kyoei_March_20000220R1.jpg|caption=Kyoei March racing at the 2000 [[February Stakes]].|sire=[[Dancing Brave]]|grandsire=[[Lyphard]]|dam=Inter Charmant|damsire=Bravest Roman|sex=[[Mare (horse)|Mare]]|foaled=April 19, 1994|death_date=May 9, 2007 (aged 13)|country=[[Japan]]|color=[[Bay (horse)|Bay]]|owner=Tomee Matsuoka|trainer=Akihiko Nomura|breeder=Intern...'</nowiki>
|}

Jordan Topoleski

2026-06-26T15:12:24Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Short description|American business executive}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jordan Topoleski
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = Toledo, Ohio, U.S.
| education = Harvard University
| occupation = Business executive
| known_for = Chief operating officer of [[Cursor (company)|Cursor]]
}}

'''Jordan Topoleski''' is an American business executive. He is the [[chief operating officer]] of [[Cursor (code editor)|Cursor]], an [[artificial intelligence]]-assisted code editor developed by [[Anysphere]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cursor is using AI to build the next Cursor while grappling with industrial-scale code creation |url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/cursor-is-using-ai-to-build-the-next-cursor-while-grappling-with-industrial-scale-code-creation/ |work=R&D World |date=18 April 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> Earlier in his career, he was selected by the [[Adecco Group]] as its [[2020]] "CEO for One Month".<ref>{{cite web |title=Adecco Group announces Jordan Topoleski, 20, from the United States as 2020 CEO for One Month |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/our-group/media/press-releases/adecco-group-announces-jordan-topoleski-20-from-the-united-states-as-2020-ceo-for-one-month |website=Adecco Group |date=3 September 2020 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Topoleski is from [[Toledo, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Topoleski |url=https://jordantopoleski.com/ |website=Jordan Topoleski |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> He attended [[Harvard University]], where he studied the history of technology, but left before graduating.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Topoleski |url=https://jordantopoleski.com/ |website=Jordan Topoleski |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Early career ==
Before joining Cursor, Topoleski worked in technology and startup roles. He also founded a software development agency that later worked with venture-backed startups and was eventually sold.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Topoleski |url=https://jordantopoleski.com/ |website=Jordan Topoleski |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

In 2020, Topoleski was selected as the Adecco Group's global "CEO for One Month", a programme in which a young participant works alongside the company's chief executive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Adecco Group announces Jordan Topoleski, 20, from the United States as 2020 CEO for One Month |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/our-group/media/press-releases/adecco-group-announces-jordan-topoleski-20-from-the-united-states-as-2020-ceo-for-one-month |website=Adecco Group |date=3 September 2020 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> He later wrote about the experience in an article published by Adecco.<ref>{{cite web |title=5 lessons I learned shadowing a global Fortune 500 CEO |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/our-thinking/articles-and-editorials/5-lessons-i-learned-shadowing-a-global-fortune-500-ceo |website=Adecco Group |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Cursor ==
By 2026, Topoleski was serving as chief operating officer of Cursor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cursor is using AI to build the next Cursor while grappling with industrial-scale code creation |url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/cursor-is-using-ai-to-build-the-next-cursor-while-grappling-with-industrial-scale-code-creation/ |work=R&D World |date=18 April 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> In that role, he has represented the company in public discussions about the use of artificial intelligence in software engineering and code generation.<ref>{{cite news |title=AI coding: Five takeaways from Cursor COO Jordan Topoleski's fireside chat at NTT Upgrade |url=https://siliconangle.com/2026/04/17/ai-coding-five-takeaways-cursor-coo-jordan-topoleskis-fireside-chat-ntt-upgrade/ |work=SiliconANGLE |date=17 April 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

In April 2026, Topoleski appeared in a fireside chat hosted by [[NTT Research]] at its Upgrade 2026 event, where he discussed the use of AI-generated code in software development and the effect of coding assistants on engineering workflows.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fireside Chat: AI at the Frontier with Jordan Topoleski, Cursor |url=https://ntt-research.com/fireside-chat-ai-at-the-frontier-with-jordan-topoleski-cursor/ |website=NTT Research |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref> Reporting on the event in technology media summarized his comments on software development practices, code review, and the operational impact of higher volumes of machine-generated code.<ref>{{cite news |title=AI coding: Five takeaways from Cursor COO Jordan Topoleski's fireside chat at NTT Upgrade |url=https://siliconangle.com/2026/04/17/ai-coding-five-takeaways-cursor-coo-jordan-topoleskis-fireside-chat-ntt-upgrade/ |work=SiliconANGLE |date=17 April 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

Cursor was also profiled in coverage of its enterprise and product strategy, including its use of AI tools in software development and deployment workflows.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cursor is using AI to build the next Cursor while grappling with industrial-scale code creation |url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/cursor-is-using-ai-to-build-the-next-cursor-while-grappling-with-industrial-scale-code-creation/ |work=R&D World |date=18 April 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== Public speaking ==
Topoleski has appeared as a speaker at technology and startup events. In 2026, he was listed as a speaker at Paris Blockchain Week.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Topoleski |url=https://parisblockchainweek.com/speaker-2026/jordan-topoleski |website=Paris Blockchain Week |access-date=25 June 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://jordantopoleski.com/ Official website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Topoleski, Jordan}}
{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American business executives]]
[[Category:American technology chief operating officers]]
[[Category:People from Toledo, Ohio]]
}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Jordan Topoleski

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{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
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| 1361100064 || 2026-06-25T16:48:50Z || JSFarman || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361100054 || 2026-06-25T16:48:48Z || JSFarman || <nowiki>JSFarman moved page [[Jordan Topoleski]] to [[Draft:Jordan Topoleski]]: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: no sources, more sources needed</nowiki>
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| 1361080576 || 2026-06-25T14:09:40Z || Modifications organiques || <nowiki>Created the article for the COO of cursor.</nowiki>
|}

Japanese Prosody

2026-06-26T15:11:52Z

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{{draft article|nomove=yes}}

[[Prosody (linguistics)|Prosody]] in [[Japanese (language)|Japanese]]
serves many communicative purposes: conveying pragmatic
functions, marking lexical identity, and expressing the speaker's
social identity, among others.

As in other languages, the prosody of Japanese involves features such
as pitch, loudness, duration, phonetic reduction, and voice qualities
<ref>{{cite journal | first1= Carlos T. | last1 = Ishi | first2 = Hiroshi | last2 = Ishiguro | first3 = Norihiro | last3 = Hagita| year =2010 | title = Analysis of the roles and the dynamics of breathy and whispery voice qualities in dialogue speech | journal = EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing | issue = Article 528193}}</ref>
such as creakiness and breathiness. However the ways that these
features combine to form meaningful patterns are often unique to Japanese.

=== Social Rituals ===

[[File:Inai-inai-ba.wav|thumb|inai-inai-ba, the Japanese equivalent of peek-a-boo, with its
characteristic response-cuing prosody]]

Prosody is an essential part of many common interaction patterns. For
example, in the peek-a-boo game, babies as early as 9 month recognize
the prosody of ''inai-inai-ba'' and respond, perhaps with a laugh and a wiggle.
Many other fixed phrases also
have their own fixed prosody, such as ''gommennasi'' (I'm sorry),
''nakanaide'' (don't cry), and many greetings. There are also more general
[[prosodic construction|prosodic patterns]], such as one for cuing
the listener to show that they're still listening, which commonly
evokes an ''un'' (uh-huh) or other [[Backchannel (linguistics)|backchannel]] response <ref>{{cite conference | last1 = Kawahara | first1 = Tatsuya | first2 = Takuma | last2 = Iwatate | first3 = Katsuya | last3 = Takanashi | year= 2012 | title = Prediction of Turn-Taking by Combining Prosodic and Eye-Gaze Information in Poster Conversations | conference = Interspeech | pages = 727-730}}</ref>. There may also be prosodic patterns for such pragmatic functions as teasing, asking a confirmation question, praising, complaining, and closing out a topic, among many
others.

=== Lexical Identity ===

[[File:Kiji-kiji.wav|thumb|kiji (pheasant) and kiji (dough), two Japanese words distinguished by pitch accent]]

[[File:Ame-ame.wav|thumb|ame (candy) and ame (rain), two Japanese words distinguished by pitch accent]]

Most Japanese words have a [[Japanese pitch accent|pitch-accent]]
pattern specifying which [[Mora (linguistics)|morae]] are high and low in pitch
<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Kawahara |first1 = Shigeto | chapter= The phonology of Japanese accent | title = Handbook of Japanese phonetics and phonology | year = 2015 | pages= 445-492 | editor = Haruo Kubozono | publisher = De Gruyter Brill}}</ref>. This can often be
described concisely by specifying the location of the pitch fall, at
least for the Tokyo dialect. Thus ki┐ji, meaning dough, has a pitch
fall between the syllables, in contrast to kiji meaning pheasant,
which does not, and similarly for a┐me and ame, meaning rain and
candy, respectively.

For learners of Japanese lexical accent, can be a challenge. It is
seldom predictable and thus must be memorized, word-by-word; it
interacts in complex ways with morphology and syntax; and it varies
across dialects. Because the [[functional load]] of lexical accent is
not high <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cutler | first1= Anne | first2 = Takashi | last2 = Otake | title = Pitch accent in spoken-word recognition in Japanese | journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 105 | year = 1999 | pages= 1877-1888}}</ref>, lexical accent errors seldom prevent communication, but
proper lexical accent is highly valued by native speakers.

=== Social Identity ===

Prosody is also involved in marking social roles and social relations,
such as hierarchical relations and gender roles. <ref>{{cite journal | first1 = Mie | last1 = Hiramoto | year = 2010 | journal = Gender and Language | volume = 4 | pages = 99 - 124 | title = Utterance final position and projection of femininity in Japanese}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[English prosody]]

== References ==

<references />

*

*

== External links ==

[https://accentjiten.com|AccentJiten.com] Accent Jiten .com

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Japanese Prosody

2026-06-26T15:11:42Z

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{| class="wikitable"
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|----
| 1361225258 || 2026-06-26T14:29:44Z || Bearcat || <nowiki>[[WP:DRAFTNOCAT]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1361212059 || 2026-06-26T12:20:40Z || KylieTastic || <nowiki>draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361209000 || 2026-06-26T11:43:42Z || SpPros || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361208555 || 2026-06-26T11:37:08Z || SpPros || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361202019 || 2026-06-26T10:25:52Z || SpPros || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361201694 || 2026-06-26T10:20:16Z || JJMC89 bot || <nowiki>Add {{drafts moved from mainspace}}</nowiki>
|----
| 1361201390 || 2026-06-26T10:15:29Z || TurquoiseGoose || <nowiki>TurquoiseGoose moved page [[Japanese Prosody]] to [[Draft:Japanese Prosody]]: Move to draftspace ([[WP:DRAFTIFY]]): not ready as article</nowiki>
|----
| 1361201177 || 2026-06-26T10:12:58Z || SpPros || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with ' [[Prosody (linguistics)|Prosody]] in [[Japanese (language)|Japanese]] serves many communicative purposes: conveying pragmatic functions, marking lexical identity, and expressing the speaker's social identity, among others. As in other languages, the prosody of Japanese involves features such as pitch, loudness, duration, phonetic reduction, and voice qualities <ref>Ishi et al, 2010</ref> such as creakiness and breathiness. However the ways that these f...'</nowiki>
|}

Iven Notte (officer)

2026-06-26T15:11:27Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]]
| deputy = [[Kalinda Blake]]
| predecessor = unknown/not fully documented
| successor =
| term_start = February 2022
| office2 = [[Nauru Police Force#Units|Superintendent of Operations]]
| predecessor2 = Unknown
| term_start2 = June 2020
| term_end2 = February 2022
| successor2 = [[Imran Scotty]] (''acting'')
}}

'''Iven Frank Notte''' is a [[Nauru Police Force|Nauruan police officer]] serving as the [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] since at least February 2022. He is the head of the national police service of [[Nauru]] and is responsible for policing, public safety, and operational law enforcement across the country.
==Early career==
Notte joined the [[Nauru Police Force]] at approximately age 19 and began his career as a [[Nauru Police Force#Ranks|junior officer]]. Over time, he progressed through a range of operational and supervisory roles within the organisation, gaining experience in frontline policing, investigations, and command duties.
==Commissioner==
Notte has served as [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] since at least February 2022, when he was confirmed in official government records as the substantive head of the national police service. He has remained in office continuously from that point through to the present day, leading the organisation through routine policing operations, national safety responsibilities, and ongoing cooperation with regional partners such as the [[Australian Federal Police]]. During his tenure, he has overseen the force’s operational structure, including crime investigations, public order policing, training development, and specialist support units. His time as Commissioner has also included periods where he was temporarily absent, during which senior officers such as the [[Nauru Police Force#Leadership|Deputy Commissioner]] or [[Nauru Police Force#Ranks|superintendents]] were appointed to act in the role for short durations before he resumed full command.

===International cooperation===
As Commissioner, Notte has participated in regional policing engagement, including cooperation with [[Australian Federal Police|Australia]] and Pacific Island police services. He has publicly supported training and cyber safety initiatives delivered through international partnerships, particularly under the [[Australian Federal Police#International liaison|Nauru–Australia Policing Partnership]].
==Personal life==
Very little detailed personal information about Iven Notte is publicly disclosed, which is common for senior police officials in small [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific nations]]. What is known from official profiles and regional policing records is that he is a Nauruan national who has spent most of his life and career in [[Nauru]].<ref>it is unknown if he has a wife or kids</ref>
==References==
<references />

== Sources ==
*https://www.nauru.gov.nr/government/departments/nauru-police-force/commissioner-of-police-iven-frank-notte.aspx
*https://www.nauru.gov.nr/government/departments/nauru-police-force.aspx
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Iven Notte (officer)

2026-06-26T15:11:17Z

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{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361157374 || 2026-06-26T01:26:15Z || FiddleheadLady || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361157369 || 2026-06-26T01:26:14Z || FiddleheadLady || <nowiki>FiddleheadLady moved page [[Iven Notte]] to [[Draft:Iven Notte (officer)]]: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: more sources needed, custom reason</nowiki>
|----
| 1361157186 || 2026-06-26T01:24:40Z || FiddleheadLady || <nowiki>new page clean up ([[WP:RS]])</nowiki>
|----
| 1361144816 || 2026-06-25T23:26:54Z || KingOliver7 || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Infobox officeholder | office = [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] | deputy = [[Kalinda Blake]] | predecessor = unknown/not fully documented | successor = | term_start = February 2022 | office2 = [[Nauru Police Force#Units|Superintendent of Operations]] | predecessor2 = Unknown | term_start2 = June 2020 | term_end2 = February 2022 | s...'</nowiki>
|}

Iven Notte

2026-06-26T15:11:07Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]]
| deputy = [[Kalinda Blake]]
| predecessor = unknown/not fully documented
| successor =
| term_start = February 2022
| office2 = [[Nauru Police Force#Units|Superintendent of Operations]]
| predecessor2 = Unknown
| term_start2 = June 2020
| term_end2 = February 2022
| successor2 = [[Imran Scotty]] (''acting'')
}}

'''Iven Frank Notte''' is a [[Nauru Police Force|Nauruan police officer]] serving as the [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] since at least February 2022. He is the head of the national police service of [[Nauru]] and is responsible for policing, public safety, and operational law enforcement across the country.
==Early career==
Notte joined the [[Nauru Police Force]] at approximately age 19 and began his career as a [[Nauru Police Force#Ranks|junior officer]]. Over time, he progressed through a range of operational and supervisory roles within the organisation, gaining experience in frontline policing, investigations, and command duties.
==Commissioner==
Notte has served as [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] since at least February 2022, when he was confirmed in official government records as the substantive head of the national police service. He has remained in office continuously from that point through to the present day, leading the organisation through routine policing operations, national safety responsibilities, and ongoing cooperation with regional partners such as the [[Australian Federal Police]]. During his tenure, he has overseen the force’s operational structure, including crime investigations, public order policing, training development, and specialist support units. His time as Commissioner has also included periods where he was temporarily absent, during which senior officers such as the [[Nauru Police Force#Leadership|Deputy Commissioner]] or [[Nauru Police Force#Ranks|superintendents]] were appointed to act in the role for short durations before he resumed full command.

===International cooperation===
As Commissioner, Notte has participated in regional policing engagement, including cooperation with [[Australian Federal Police|Australia]] and Pacific Island police services. He has publicly supported training and cyber safety initiatives delivered through international partnerships, particularly under the [[Australian Federal Police#International liaison|Nauru–Australia Policing Partnership]].
==Personal life==
Very little detailed personal information about Iven Notte is publicly disclosed, which is common for senior police officials in small [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific nations]]. What is known from official profiles and regional policing records is that he is a Nauruan national who has spent most of his life and career in [[Nauru]].<ref>it is unknown if he has a wife or kids</ref>
==References==
<references />

== Sources ==
*https://www.nauru.gov.nr/government/departments/nauru-police-force/commissioner-of-police-iven-frank-notte.aspx
*https://www.nauru.gov.nr/government/departments/nauru-police-force.aspx
*https://www.facebook.com/NauruPoliceForce/videos/police-commissioner-iven-notte-talks-with-nauru-media-today-to-deliver-an-import/450478159965194/
*https://fj.linkedin.com/in/iven-notte-12954a95
*https://www.facebook.com/picpsecretariat/photos/julian-bianco-executive-coordinator-afp-secondee-iven-notte-strategic-advisor-na/1279150027586207/
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Iven Notte

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| 1361096646 || 2026-06-25T16:26:45Z || ScalarFactor || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
|----
| 1361096641 || 2026-06-25T16:26:43Z || ScalarFactor || <nowiki>ScalarFactor moved page [[Iven Notte]] to [[Draft:Iven Notte]]: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: custom reason</nowiki>
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| 1361078737 || 2026-06-25T13:53:19Z || KingOliver7 || <nowiki>/* Sources */</nowiki>
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|----
| 1361078202 || 2026-06-25T13:48:42Z || KingOliver7 || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Infobox officeholder | office = [[Nauru Police Force#Commissioners|Commissioner of the Nauru Police Force]] | deputy = [[Kalinda Blake]] | predecessor = unknown/not fully documented | successor = | term_start = February 2022 | office2 = [[Nauru Police Force#Units|Superintendent of Operations]] | predecessor2 = Unknown | term_start2 = June 2020 | term_end2 = February 2022 | s...'</nowiki>
|}

I, Nobody

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}
'''''I, Nobody'''''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2026-06-18 |title=‘I, Nobody’ trailer: Prithviraj and Parvathy exude intensity in high-stakes heist thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-nobody-trailer-prithvirajs-heist-thriller-nissam-basheer/article71118045.ece |access-date=2026-06-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is a 2026 heist thriller Malayalam language film directed by Nisam Basheer and written by Sameer Abdul. The film is produced by Supriya Menon, Mukesh R. Mehta and C. V. Sarathi, under [[Prithviraj Productions]] and E4 Entertainment. The film stars [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]], Hakkim Shahjahan and [[Vijayaraghavan]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Team THR |date=2026-06-08 |title=Exclusive {{!}} Prithviraj Sukumaran on 'I, Nobody': 'Lead Actors Should Be Stakeholders In Their Films' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/featuresinsightprithviraj-sukumaran-on-i-nobody-im-more-thrilled-about-this-as-an-actor-than-a-producer |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2026-06-07 |title=i, Nobody trailer: Prithviraj plays a shady guy in this racy thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jun/18/i-nobody-trailer-prithviraj-plays-a-shady-guy-in-this-racy-thriller |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=I,Nobody - Official Trailer {{!}} Malayalam Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/inobody-official-trailer/videoshow/131831128.cms |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni65899481/?ref_=ttnw_art_perm |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=www.imdb.com}}</ref>
{{Infobox film
| director = Nisam Basheer
| writer = Sameer Abdul
| producer = Supriya Menon Mukesh R. Mehta C. V. Sarathi
| starring = [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] Hakkim Shahjahan Vijayaragavan
| cinematography = Dinesh Purushothaman
| editing = Ramees M. B.
| music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| studio = [[Prithviraj Productions]] E4 Entertainment
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

== Cast ==
*[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Rajeevan
*[[Parvathy Thiruvothu]]
*Hakkim Shahjahan
*[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]
*[[Vijayaraghavan]]
*Madhupal
*Shankar Ramakrishnan
*Nakshatra Aira
*[[Nishanth Sagar]]
*Nandhu
*Naushad Bombay
*Jijoy Rajagopal
*[[Khalid Rahman]]
*Sanju Sivaram
*[[Sudhi Koppa]]
*Beena Chandran
*Sana Althaf
*Krishnan Balakrishnan
*Dinesh Alappuzha
*Ronnie Varghese
*Manoj K. U.
*Irshad Ali
*Sudhi Kozhikode
*Mahendran
*Albin Alex
*Jithin Madanan

== Production ==

The film was announced on 27 August 2024 through a [[Instagram]] post of official film page. The Pooja ceremony was held on 9 April 2025. The film's first look poster was released on 23 August 2025<ref>{{Cite news |title='I, Nobody' poster out: Prithviraj Sukumaran unveils first look of his next on director Nisam Basheer’s birthday - Watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-nobody-poster-out-prithviraj-sukumaran-unveils-first-look-of-his-next-on-director-nisam-basheers-birthday-watch/amp_articleshow/123479827.cms |access-date=2026-06-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran Announces Next i,Nobody; Shares First Look Poster |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/malayalam-cinema/prithviraj-sukumaran-announces-next-inobody-shares-first-look-poster-ws-l-9642361.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251020091226/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/malayalam-cinema/prithviraj-sukumaran-announces-next-inobody-shares-first-look-poster-ws-l-9642361.html |archive-date=2025-10-20 |access-date=2026-06-25 |work=News18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran unveils first look of his next movie, 'I, Nobody' |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/prithviraj-sukumaran-unveils-first-look-of-his-next-movie-i-nobody |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref>.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:I, Nobody

2026-06-26T15:10:19Z

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{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
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| 1361163281 || 2026-06-26T02:29:01Z || Thilsebatti || <nowiki>[[WP:AFC|AFC]] draft</nowiki>
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| 1361163276 || 2026-06-26T02:28:59Z || Thilsebatti || <nowiki>Thilsebatti moved page [[I, Nobody]] to [[Draft:I, Nobody]] without leaving a redirect: [[WP:DRAFTIFY|Not ready]] for mainspace, incubate in draftspace. Reason/s: more sources needed</nowiki>
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| 1361157434 || 2026-06-26T01:26:47Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* */</nowiki>
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| 1361140762 || 2026-06-25T22:49:26Z || Bandwagon98 || <nowiki></nowiki>
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| 1361140729 || 2026-06-25T22:49:03Z || Bandwagon98 || <nowiki>Added links</nowiki>
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| 1361102712 || 2026-06-25T17:10:25Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* Development */</nowiki>
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| 1361102359 || 2026-06-25T17:07:30Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* Development */</nowiki>
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| 1361102074 || 2026-06-25T17:05:01Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* Devolpment */</nowiki>
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| 1361102040 || 2026-06-25T17:04:46Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* References */</nowiki>
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| 1361101692 || 2026-06-25T17:01:33Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* */</nowiki>
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| 1361101540 || 2026-06-25T17:00:15Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* */</nowiki>
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| 1361101350 || 2026-06-25T16:58:33Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* Cast */</nowiki>
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| 1361100495 || 2026-06-25T16:51:55Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* References */</nowiki>
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| 1361100393 || 2026-06-25T16:51:05Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>/* */</nowiki>
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| 1361099175 || 2026-06-25T16:43:09Z || Airbtl || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with 'I, Nobody is an upcoming Malayalam language film directed by Nisam Basheer and written by Sameer Abdul. The film is produced by Supriya Menon, Mukesh R. Mehta and C. V. Sarathi. {{Infobox film}} ==References== {{Reflist}}'</nowiki>
|}

Holipur (Saidpur)

2026-06-26T15:10:01Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{{draft|date=June 2026}}

'''Holipur''' is a [[village]] located in the [[Saidpur Assembly constituency|saidpur tehsil]] of [[Ghazipur district]], Uttar Pradesh. According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the village is home to approximately 331 familie, with a total population of around 2,325. Its PIN code is 233304<ref>{{Cite web |title=Holipur Village (Pincode: 233304), Saidpur, Ghazipur {{!}} Uttar Pradesh {{!}} – Population, Area, Nearby Villages, Assembly & Parliament Constituency |url=https://villageinfo.org/village/204387 |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=villageinfo.org}}</ref>

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Holipur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Holipur Saidpur.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.534687|N|83.270687|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ghazipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Panchayati Raj Institution
| governing_body = Gram Panchayat
| leader_title = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name = [[Ankit Bharti]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.36
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2325
| population_as_of = [[2011 census of India|2011]]
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 233304
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Ghazipur
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 90%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Ghazipur Lok Sabha constituency|Ghazipur]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Saidpur Assembly constituency|Saidpur]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank5_info_sec1 = Gram Panchayat
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

== References ==


{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=June 2026}}
{{⚠️🚨COPIED from EverybodyWiki ❗❕⚠️😡😤Please respect Licence CC-BY-SA ❗}}
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Edithistory:Holipur (Saidpur)

2026-06-26T15:09:51Z

WikiMasterBot2: Moved page from wikipedia

{| class="wikitable"
! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary
|----
| 1361105159 || 2026-06-25T17:30:15Z || Ravensfire || <nowiki></nowiki>
|----
| 1361104458 || 2026-06-25T17:25:15Z || JJMC89 bot || <nowiki>Add {{drafts moved from mainspace}}</nowiki>
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| 1361104001 || 2026-06-25T17:21:46Z || Deb || <nowiki>draftify</nowiki>
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| 1361103926 || 2026-06-25T17:21:06Z || Deb || <nowiki>Deb moved page [[Holipur (Saidpur)]] to [[Draft:Holipur (Saidpur)]] without leaving a redirect: Move to draftspace ([[WP:DRAFTIFY]]): not ready for article space </nowiki>
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| 1361084639 || 2026-06-25T14:45:59Z || Bearcat || <nowiki>−[[Category:Village in india]]; ±[[Category:Villages]]→[[Category:Villages in India]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>
|----
| 1361071095 || 2026-06-25T12:38:15Z || Dypposent || <nowiki>/*Infobox settlement*/</nowiki>
|----
| 1360947310 || 2026-06-24T17:23:09Z || Dypposent || <nowiki>New Article</nowiki>
|}