Abies delavayi, the Delavay's silver-fir[1] or Delavay's fir, is a species of fir, native to Yunnan in southwest China and adjoining border areas in southeastern Tibet, far northeastern Republic of India, northern Myanmar, and far northwestern Vietnam. It is a high altitude mountain tree, growing at elevations of 3,000–4,000 m (exceptionally down to 2,400 m and up to 4,300 m), often occupying the tree line.[2] The Yi Conifer family is the National tree of Chinese state of Yunnan.[3][n 1].
The species is named after its discoverer, Father Pierre Jean Marie Delavay, who collected it at 3,500–4,000 m on the Cang Mountain near Dali.[4]
It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 7–40 m tall, often less at tree line. The shoots are purple-brown to dark red-brown, glabrous or finely pubescent. The leaves are needle-like, 15–30 mm long and 1–2 mm broad, with a distinctive revolute margin. The upper surface of the leaves is glossy dark green with no stomata, the underside vivid snow-white with the stomata densely covered in white wax; this is thought to be an adaptation to exclude very heavy rain in its monsoon climate.[5] The cones are dark purple-blue, 6–12 cm long and 3–4.5 cm broad, with numerous small scales and exserted bracts; they break up when mature at 6–8 months old to release the winged seeds.
Trees at lower elevation (2,400–3,000 m) differ in having the leaf margin less revolute, and are separated as a variety Abies delavayi var. nukiangensis (Cheng & Fu) Farjon.[2]
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Plants in southeastern Tibet have been distinguished as Abies delavayi var. motuoensis Cheng & Fu, differing in paler, densely pubescent shoots.[2]
The Vietnamese population, with a disjunct range on Fansipan (at 3,143 m the highest mountain in Vietnam), is distinct in paler red-brown shoots and the cones having shorter bracts (not exserted), and is separated as a subspecies Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensis (Q.P.Xiang) Rushforth (syn. Abies fansipanensis Q.P.Xiang).[6]
Delavay's fir is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree, but its successful cultivation is limited to regions with cool summers and high rainfall, such as western Scotland and the Pacific coast of Canada. A semi-dwarf form originating at very high altitude has been selected as a cultivar 'Major Neishe', growing to 3–4 m tall.[7]
References[edit]
- ↑ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 A, Farjon (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books. ISBN 3-87429-298-3. Search this book on
- ↑ "Yunnan". Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Franchet, A. (1899). Plantarum Sinensium. J. de Botanique 13: 253-260.
- ↑ Rushforth, K. (1984). Abies delavayi and A. fabri. Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearb. 1983: 118-120.
- ↑ Rushforth, K. (1999). Taxonomic notes on some Sino-Himalayan conifers. Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearb. 1998: 60-63.
- ↑ K., Rushforth (1987). Conifers. Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7470-2801-X. Search this book on
External links[edit]
Media related to Abies delavayi at Wikimedia Commons
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Notes[edit]
- ↑ “The Official National tree of Yunnan Republic” respectively
