View source for Barley

{{speciesbox
|name = Barley
|image = Illustration Hordeum vulgare1.jpg
|image_caption = Drawing of Barley
|genus = Hordeum
|species = vulgare
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>{{ITIS |id=40874 |taxon=''Hordeum vulgare''}}</ref>
|synonyms =
  {{Collapsible list |
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Frumentum hordeum'' <small>E.H.L.Krause</small> nom. illeg.
*''Frumentum sativum'' <small>E.H.L.Krause</small>
*''Hordeum aestivum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> [[Validly published name|nom. inval.]]
*''Hordeum americanum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum bifarium'' <small>Roth</small>
*''Hordeum brachyatherum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum caspicum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum coeleste'' <small>(L.) P.Beauv.</small>
*''Hordeum daghestanicum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum defectoides'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum durum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum elongatum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum gymnodistichum'' <small>Duthie</small>
*''Hordeum heterostychon'' <small>P.Beauv. [Spelling variant]</small>
*''Hordeum hexastichon'' <small>L.</small>
*''Hordeum hibernaculum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum hibernans'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum himalayense'' <small>Schult.</small>
*''Hordeum hirtiusculum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum horsfordianum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum ircutianum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum jarenskianum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum juliae'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum kalugense'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum karzinianum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum kiarchanum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum laevipaleatum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum lapponicum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum leptostachys'' <small>Griff.</small>
*''Hordeum macrolepis'' <small>A.Braun</small>
*''Hordeum mandshuricum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum mandshuroides'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum michalkowii'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum nekludowii'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum nigrum'' <small>Willd.</small>
*''Hordeum pamiricum'' <small>Vavilov</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum parvum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum pensanum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum polystichon'' <small>Haller</small>
*''Hordeum praecox'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum pyramidatum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum revelatum'' <small>(Körn.) A.Schulz</small>
*''Hordeum sativum'' <small>Jess.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Hordeum sativum'' <small>Pers.</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum scabriusculum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum septentrionale'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum stassewitschii'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum strobelense'' <small>Chiov.</small>
*''Hordeum taganrocense'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum tanaiticum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum tetrastichum'' <small>Stokes</small>
*''Hordeum transcaucasicum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum violaceum'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Hordeum walpersii'' <small>R.E.Regel</small> nom. inval.
*''Secale orientale'' <small>Schreb. ex Roth</small> nom. inval.
    }}
  }}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-419563
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=2 February 2016
|archive-date=8 April 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408144717/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-419563
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Hordeum vulgare MHNT.BOT.2015.2.39.jpg|thumb|''Hordeum vulgare'']]

'''Barley''' is a member of the [[grass]] family of [[plant]]s. Its [[seed]]s are a cereal [[grain]]. It is a [[staple food]] of [[human]]s and other [[animal]]s, and it is one of mankind's oldest [[crops]]. It can be made into [[flour]] or [[beer]].

Its [[Latin language|Latin]] name is ''Hordeum vulgare''. Barley is an [[annual plant]].


==Production==
{| class="wikitable" style="clear:left"
|+ The world's biggest barley producers (2007)
|-
! &nbsp;Rank&nbsp;
! Country
! &nbsp;quantity&nbsp;<br />(in [[Ton|t]])
! &nbsp;rank&nbsp;
! Country
! &nbsp;quantity&nbsp;<br />(in t)
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;1 ||{{RUS}}&nbsp; &nbsp;  || style="text-align:right" |15.663.110 || &nbsp; &nbsp;9 || {{GBR}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |5.149.000
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;2 ||{{CAN}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |11.822.100 || &nbsp; &nbsp;10 || {{USA}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |4.611.940
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;3 || {{ESP}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |11.684.000 || &nbsp; &nbsp;11 || {{POL}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |4.065.800
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;4 || {{GER}}&nbsp; &nbsp; ||  style="text-align:right" |11.034.200 || &nbsp; &nbsp;12 || {{CHN}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" | 3.851.000
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;5 || {{FRA}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |9.472.000 || &nbsp; &nbsp;13 || {{DEN}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |3.104.200
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;6 || {{TUR}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |7.423.000|| &nbsp; &nbsp;14 || {{IRN}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |3.000.000
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;7 || {{UKR}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |6.000.000 || &nbsp; &nbsp;15 || {{KAZ}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |2.600.000
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp;8 || {{AUS}}&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |5.920.000 || &nbsp; &nbsp; || World&nbsp; &nbsp; || style="text-align:right" |136.207.179
|-
|colspan=2 style="font-size:90%;"|''Source: [[FAO|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO)'' <ref>{{Cite web | url = http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor | title = Statistic by the FAO in 2007 | accessdate = 30 January 2009 | publisher = FAO | archive-date = 19 June 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120619130038/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor | url-status = dead }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons|Barley}}

{{Barley}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11577}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Grains]]
[[Category:National symbols of the State of Palestine]]

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