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== Expectations of Accessibility ==

=== '''introduction'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===
[[Accessibility]] The phrase "[[accessibility]]" refers to how a multimedia product is created to be as user-friendly as possible.

Color blindness: Some computer users, for instance, will be unable to tell between specific [[Color|colour]]<nowiki/>s. Users who have a colour blindness may find it easier to distinguish items on the screen if a button or menu has a texture or pattern.

Partial vision or blindness are both referred to as visual impairments. By employing high contrast and offering alternative pages with large text sizes and an appropriate way for accessing that larger text, you can assist people who are partially sighted.

Using specialised input devices and screen reading software, [[blind]] persons will be able to use a multimedia package. [[Software]] for multimedia platforms should be made to work with screen readers.

Some people won't be able to listen to audio due to hearing loss or deafness.

=== solutions for deaf people<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===
Users with hearing difficulties can be assisted by:

delivering a text transcript of the audio file.

delivering a [[video clip]] with subtitles.

adding visual cues to interfaces to indicate when a button has been clicked or a screen is about to load in addition to interface sounds.

Web Content [[Accessibility]] Guidelines, version 1.0

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 set forth how to make [[Web content]] handicap accessible. It covers a variety of impairments, such as those that are visual, auditory, muscular, linguistic, cognitive,difficulties relating to [[language]], learning, and neurological issues age, cognitive and neurological impairments.

=== '''the evolution of usable technology''' ===
Pellegrino Turri creates the first typewriter in 1808 to aid a blind buddy with legible writing.

Herman Hollerith, who struggled with cognitive processing, developed the concept of using punch cards to transfer data from the 1890 census in 1886. Later, he established the Tabulating Machine Company. It acquired the name IBM in 1924.

Harvey Fletcher created the Western Electric Model 2A hearing aid at Bell Labs in 1916.

The Readphon Talking Book was created in 1934.

The Talking Book Bulletin's inaugural issue is published by the American Foundation for the Blind in 1935. (books on tape).

Bell Labs creates the first electrical speech synthesiser in 1936 under the name "Voder" (voice coder).

Bell Labs' John Bardeed, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain created the transistor in 1948.to produce hearing aids that are more dependable, compact, affordable, and effective. They took home the 1956 Physics Nobel Prize.

Pilgrim Imagine began subtitling for the hearing impaired in 1960.

In 1964, a deaf orthodontist started the TTY (Teletypewriter) revolution by sending a teletype machine to a deaf scientist.

The first nationwide broadcast with open captions aired on PBS in 1972. (The French Chef with Julia Child).

Vinton Cerf created host level protocols for the ARPANET in 1972 despite having hearing loss and being married to a woman who was hard of hearing. He used text messaging, which was the forerunner of [[email]], to talk to his wife through the internet.

Ray Kurzweil developed the first OCR technology, one of the earliest CCD (charge coupled device) scanners, and the Kurzweil Reading Machine in 1975.

The first screen reader, known as IBM Screen Reader, was developed by Jim Thatcher in 1986 for IBM (for DOS). It wasn't initially trademarked because it was mostly used by employees with low vision. He later developed Screen Reader/2 for PCs with graphical user interfaces.

1988 - Picture-based keyboards were first used at retail registers to enable those who couldn't speak to communicate using a synthesiser.

America's with Disabilities Act (ADA) is enacted in 1990. According to this law, people with disabilities must have the same civil rights safeguards as people who are discriminated against because of their race, gender, national origin, age, or religion. It ensures that people with disabilities have access to public facilities, employment opportunities, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications.

National Federation in 1994built a synthetic speech newspaper that is updated every day.

In 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95, the company's first operating system with integrated accessibility capabilities (rather than as an add-on)

Productivity Works developed the text-to-speech browser pwWebSpeak in 1996.

The first audio ATM was developed in 1997 by NCR Corp. for blind or illiterate users.

Released in 1998, Synchronized Accessible Media Exchange (SAMI) makes it easier to caption and audio-describe videos.

1998 - The Rehabilitation Act is amended to include Section 508, which mandates that government organisations make their websites more accessible to those with disabilities. Some of these specifications prohibit the use of flashing colours, written descriptions of the images, and altering the user's default contrast level.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published recommendations for web content accessibility in 1999.

Microsoft Windows 2000 was released in 2000, offering a virtual keyboard and text-to-speech conversion for visually impaired or illiterate users.

you can discover more accessibility tools through this link [https://accessware.co]

=== Is the future of disability technology already here?<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Homepage |url=https://www.bbc.com |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> ===
The many challenges faced by disabled individuals have long been attributed to [[technology]]. So how does it assist?

The emphasis has shifted from desktop [[PCs]] to [[Mobile phone|mobile]] devices during the past ten years. Modern smartphones are little computers with an expanding number of capabilities for persons with disabilities. They can talk, connect to hearing aids, and have other clever accessibility features.

However, they sit in our pockets when we aren't utilising them in our hands. Mobile devices, however, could now function for us all day long thanks to miniaturisation, perching on our faces in the form of "smart" spectacles.

Blind and a digital enthusiast for people with disabilities, Robin Christopherson works for the organisation AbilityNet. He thinks that smart glasses like the upcoming Google Glass—hands-free, positioned at ear, eye, and mouth level, and powered by a smartphone—hold significant potential for the needs of individuals with disabilities.

According to Christopherson, "I have an app called talking goggles on my phone that conducts real-time object detection." He anticipates a period when smart glasses with this capabilities might be continually working for

Christopherson discusses how these devices might benefit people with a variety of ailments on this month's Ouch talk programme.

Glasses using facial recognition technology might detect the emotions of the individual in front of you and flash up captions that read "happy," "sad," or "upset." This might be useful for someone who struggles to read others' emotions, like someone with Asperger's syndrome. Real-time subtitles would allow the deaf to see what is being said to them, similar to how television subtitles work.

Compared to more expensive and experimental gadgets created specifically for the disabled market, ordinary mass-produced technologies like mobile phones and eyewear are more likely to be accepted.

=== '''expectations for accessibility technology'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Homepage |url=https://www.bbc.com |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> ===
Future [[disability]] technology is discussed by Robin Christopherson of AbilityNet.

The "most successful interface" at the time, according to him, involves brain surgery and the implantation of devices. "This method is quite precise. Videos of patients who have undergone this treatment drinking coffee with a robotic arm are available online."

According to him, this [[technology]] will likely be available in a few months to a few years. AbilityNet is collaborating with the European project BrainAble on this topic.

His attention also extends to driverless cars, another [[technology]] that tops many disabled people's wish lists. These, according to Christopherson, are "only a couple of years away" at the very least and are anticipated to cost between £5,000 and £10,000.

=== doubts exists<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Homepage |url=https://www.bbc.com |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> ===
The [[disability]] community is concerned that even when the [[technology]] is available, lawmakers and the general public might not let disabled people "drive" such cars if they are unable to override them in an emergency, potentially excluding people with visual impairments or [[motor]] function issues, for example.

=== An app promises to increase accessibility for people who are blind<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reuters {{!}} Breaking International News & Views |url=https://www.reuters.com/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> ===
A new programme attempts to simplify life for the blind or visually handicapped, whether it be boarding a bus or reading a menu.

The Georgie Android app makes it possible for people with limited or no vision to complete daily tasks that would otherwise be challenging for them.

Roger Wilson-Hinds, co-founder of Screenreader, a nonprofit organisation based in Peterborough, England that created the app, said, "The great thing that attracted me to (creating the app) was this notion of gaining confidence, and also having reassurance that you could press a button and get help if you were lost."

Users move their fingers over different options while they hear them read out to access the app's features. A beep signals that a certain option has been chosen when you keep your mouse over it.

In addition to calling and texting, the app offers location-based technology that can inform users of things like when the next bus is arriving, where they are, or the ability to establish location-based reminders.

The chief technology officer, Alan Dean Kemp, stated that you can actually record a GPS-tagged speech label that says "dangerous steps," and the [[phone]] will alert you to their presence as you approach.

Kemp clarified that the app is intended to supplement assistance rather than take the place of a seeing-eye dog.

The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million people who are visually impaired and 39 million people who are blind globally.

Using public transportation has been one of Wilson-Hinds' main challenges as a blind person.

He added that the software may provide users with information about forthcoming bus stops as they are going. "I used to struggle to know when to get off the bus every evening when I was coming home from work," he said.

Additionally, it uses optical character recognition [[technology]] to read out text, such as labelled ingredients (OCR).

According to Wilson-Hinds, the app's design for those who are less tech-savvy and the help it offers are what set it apart from other apps.

The English-language app is accessible anywhere. [[Screen reader|Screenreader]] is a subsidiary of Communication for Blind and Disabled People, a nonprofit organisation that receives 100% of the app's revenue.

=== Federal regulations regarding disabled online access are still unclear<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newsday {{!}} Long Island's & NYC's News Source |url=https://www.newsday.com/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Newsday |language=en}}</ref> ===
According to legal experts, they have been waiting years for the Department of Justice to issue explicit federal rules on [[internet]] [[accessibility]] under the Americans with Disabilities Act.

There are many lawsuits in this area because plaintiffs and advocates for persons with [[Disability|disabilities]] claim that certain websites have barriers that make them difficult for some individuals with disabilities to use.

The DOJ, which enforces the ADA, has not stated when or if it might issue standards, but its recently published guidance explains why [[Web accessibility|website accessibility]] matters, provides examples of accessibility barriers, and suggests using existing industry standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), to comply.

=== look also ===
[[web accessibility]]

[[accessibility]]

[[Accessibility apps]]
[[Category:Accessibility]]
[[Category:Web accessibility]]
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