View source for G-sharp major

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{{Short description|Major key signature}}
{{Infobox musical scale
| name = G-sharp major<br><score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key gis \major s16 \clef F \key gis \major s^"" }</score><br>{{nobold|Alternative notations}}
<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`((3 . ,DOUBLE-SHARP)(0 . ,SHARP)(4 . ,SHARP)(1 . ,SHARP)(-2 . ,SHARP)(2 . ,SHARP)(-1 . ,SHARP)) s^"" }</score>

<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`((3 . ,SHARP)(0 . ,SHARP)(4 . ,SHARP)(1 . ,SHARP)(-2 . ,SHARP)(2 . ,SHARP)(-1 . ,SHARP)(3 . ,DOUBLE-SHARP)) s^"" }</score>

<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`((0 . ,SHARP)(4 . ,SHARP)(1 . ,SHARP)(-2 . ,SHARP)(2 . ,SHARP)(-1 . ,SHARP)(3 . ,DOUBLE-SHARP)) s^"" }</score>


| relative = [[E-sharp minor]]<br>→[[Enharmonic key|enharmonic]]: [[F minor]]
| parallel = [[G-sharp minor]]
| enharmonic = [[A-flat major]]
| dominant = [[D-sharp major]]<br>→enharmonic: [[E-flat major]]
| subdominant = [[C-sharp major]]
| first_pitch = G{{music|sharp}}
| second_pitch = A{{music|sharp}}
| third_pitch = B{{music|sharp}}
| fourth_pitch = C{{music|sharp}}
| fifth_pitch = D{{music|sharp}}
| sixth_pitch = E{{music|sharp}}
| seventh_pitch = F{{music|doublesharp}}
}}
'''G-sharp major''' is a musical [[Key (music)|key]] based on [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|sharp}}]], consisting of the pitches G{{music|sharp}}, [[A♯ (musical note)|A{{music|sharp}}]], [[B♯ (musical note)|B{{music|sharp}}]], [[C♯ (musical note)|C{{music|sharp}}]], [[D♯ (musical note)|D{{music|sharp}}]], [[E♯ (musical note)|E{{music|sharp}}]], and [[F-double sharp|F]]{{music|double sharp}}. Its [[key signature]] has eight [[Sharp (music)|sharps]], requiring one [[Double-sharp|double sharp]] and six single sharps.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=G-sharp major|title=A Dictionary of Three Thousand Musical Terms|others=revised by [[James Alexander Hamilton (music writer)|J. A. Hamilton]]|author=Thomas Busby|date=1840|location=London|publisher=D'Almaine|page=55}}</ref> Because the same pitches can be indicated by the [[Enharmonic equivalence|enharmonically equivalent]] key of A-flat major (with four [[Flat (music)|flats]]), a G-sharp major key signature is extremely rare.

Its relative minor is E-sharp minor, which would be replaced by F minor. Its parallel minor is G-sharp minor.

The G-sharp major scale is:
{{block indent|<score sound raw>
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative a { \key gis \major \omit Score.TimeSignature
  gis'^"G♯ natural major scale" ais bis cis dis eis fisis gis fisis eis dis cis bis ais gis2 \clef F \key gis \major }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
</score>}}

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G-sharp [[Harmonic major scale|harmonic major]] and [[Melodic major scale|melodic major scales]] are:

{{block indent|<score sound raw>
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative a { \key gis \major \omit Score.TimeSignature
  gis'^"G♯ harmonic major scale" ais bis cis dis e fisis gis fisis e! dis cis bis ais gis2 }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
</score>}}
{{block indent|<score sound raw>
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative a { \accidentalStyle modern \key gis \major \omit Score.TimeSignature
  gis'^"G♯ melodic major scale" ais bis cis dis eis fisis gis fis e dis cis bis ais gis2 }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
</score>}}

Although the enharmonic key of A-flat major is preferred because it has only four flats, compared with G-sharp major's eight sharps (including the F{{music|double sharp}}), G-sharp major appears as a secondary key area in several works in sharp keys, most notably in the Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp major from [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'', Book 1. The G-sharp minor prelude (and the fugue) from the same set ends with a [[Picardy third]], on a G-sharp major chord. G-sharp major is tonicised briefly in several of [[Frédéric Chopin]]'s [[Nocturnes (Chopin)|nocturnes]] in C-sharp minor. A section in the second [[Movement (music)|movement]] of Chopin's [[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Chopin)|Piano Concerto No. 1]] is in G-sharp major, although the key signature has four sharps. The end of the [[Exposition (music)|exposition]] of the second movement [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]]'s ''[[Grande sonate 'Les quatre âges']]'', subtitled ''Quasi-Faust'', is in G-sharp major, albeit written with a six-sharp key signature (the movement opens in [[D-sharp minor]] and ends in [[F-sharp major]]).

The final pages of ''[[A World Requiem]]'' by [[John Foulds]] are written in G-sharp major. The key signature is shown as in the example with the scale above, starting with the C{{music|#}} and ending at the F{{music|double sharp}} (C{{music|#}}, G{{music|#}}, D{{music|#}}, A{{music|#}}, E{{music|#}}, B{{music|#}}, F{{music|x}}).<ref>[http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/work/14652 "John Foulds: ''A World Requiem'' (1921)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727085309/http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/work/14652 |date=2018-07-27 }}, [[Wise Music Group|Wise Music Classical]]</ref>

In [[Tuning system|tuning systems]] where the number of notes per octave is not a multiple of 12, notes such as G{{music|#}} and A{{music|b}} are not enharmonically equivalent, nor are the corresponding key signatures. These tunings can produce keys with no analogue in [[12-tone equal temperament]], which can require double sharps, double flats, or [[Microtonal music|microtonal alterations]] in key signatures. For example, the key of G-sharp major, with eight sharps, is equivalent to A-flat major in 12-tone equal temperament, but in [[19 equal temperament|19-tone equal temperament]], it is equivalent to [[A-double-flat major]] instead, with 11 flats.

==Scale degree chords==
* [[Tonic (music)|Tonic]] – G-sharp major
* [[Supertonic]] – [[A-sharp minor]]
* [[Mediant]] – [[B-sharp minor]]
* [[Subdominant]] – C-sharp major
* [[Dominant (music)|Dominant]] – D-sharp major
* [[Submediant]] – E-sharp minor
* [[Leading-tone]] – [[Diminished triad|F-double-sharp diminished]]

== See also ==

* Key (music)
* [[Major and minor]]
* [[Chord (music)]]
* [[Chord notation]]
* {{Section link|Key signature#Double flats and sharps}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Circle of fifths}}

[[Category:Musical keys]]
[[Category:Major scales]]
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