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{{Infobox company
|name=Google LLC
|image=Googleplex HQ (cropped).jpg
|image_caption=Google's headquarters, the [[Googleplex]]
|num_employees=114,096
|parent=[[Alphabet Inc.]] (2015–present)
|key_people={{Unbulleted list
| [[Sundar Pichai]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| [[Ruth Porat]] ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])
}}
|industry={{Unbulleted list| [[Internet]]  | [[Cloud computing]]| [[Computer software]]| [[Computer hardware]]| [[Artificial intelligence]]| [[Advertising]]}}
|products=[[List of Google products]]
|subsid=[[List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet|List of subsidiaries]]
|website={{URL|https://www.google.com/|google.com}}
|logo=Google 2015 logo.svg
|logo_size=250px
|logo_alt=Each letter of "Google" is colored (from left to right) in blue, red, yellow, blue, green, and red.
|logo_caption=Google's logo {{as of|2015|lc=y|since=y}}
|image_size=250px
|former_name=Google Inc. (1998–2017)
|type=[[Subsidiary]]
|founders={{Unbulleted list
| [[Larry Page]]
| [[Sergey Brin]]
}}
|hq_location=1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
|hq_location_city=[[Mountain View, California]]
|hq_location_country=U.S.
|area_served=Worldwide
|num_employees_year={{As of|2019|9|30|alt=Q3 2019}}
|footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116073513/https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2015 |title=Company – Google |date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Thomas |last=Claburn |title=Google Founded By Sergey Brin, Larry Page... And Hubert Chang?!? |url=https://www.informationweek.com/applications/google-founded-by-sergey-brin-larry-page-and-hubert-chang!/d/d-id/1072309 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231125/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/google/210603678 |website=[[InformationWeek]] |publisher=[[UBM plc]] |date=September 24, 2008 |archivedate=June 28, 2011 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |title=Locations&nbsp;— Google Jobs |accessdate=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930200600/http://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |archive-date=September 30, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EmployeesAsOf2018Q4">{{cite press release |date=February 4, 2019 |title=Alphabet Announces Fourth Quarter 2018 Results |url=https://abc.xyz/investor/static/pdf/2018Q4_alphabet_earnings_release.pdf |url-status=live |type=Press release |location=Mountain View, California |publisher=Alphabet Inc. |page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204221316/https://abc.xyz/investor/static/pdf/2018Q4_alphabet_earnings_release.pdf |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |access-date=February 4, 2019 |quote=Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG, GOOGL) today announced financial results for the quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.&nbsp;[...] Q1 2018 financial highlights[:] The following summarizes our consolidated financial results for the quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2018&nbsp;[...]:&nbsp;[...] Number of employees [as of] Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 [is] 98,771[.]}}</ref>
}}
{{About|the company|the search engine|Google Search|other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Googol|Goggles}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{short description|American technology company}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}


'''Google LLC''' is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include [[online advertising|online advertising technologies]], a [[search engine]], cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the [[Big Tech|Big Four]] technology companies alongside [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], and [[Microsoft]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/ranking-the-big-four-internet-stocks-google-is-no-1-apple-comes-in-last-1503412102 |title=Ranking The Big Four Tech Stocks: Google Is No. 1, Apple Comes In Last |last=Rivas |first=Teresa |website=www.barrons.com |language=en-US |access-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228082808/https://www.barrons.com/articles/ranking-the-big-four-internet-stocks-google-is-no-1-apple-comes-in-last-1503412102 |archive-date=December 28, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-10-31/the-big-four-of-technology|title=The Big Four of Technology|last=Ritholtz|first=Barry|date=2017-10-31|website=Bloomberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626024146/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-10-31/the-big-four-of-technology|archive-date=2019-06-26|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web url=https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/GAFA|title=What is GAFA (the big four)? -
Definition from WhatIs.com|website=WhatIs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>

Google<ref>{{cite web |title=things-to-know-about-the-google-and-its-benefits/ |url=https://retargetingnews.com/things-to-know-about-the-google-and-its-benefits/ |website=retargetingnews.com |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref> was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at [[Stanford University]] in [[California]]. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through [[Preferred stock|supervoting]] stock. They incorporated Google as a California privately held company on September 4, 1998, in California. Google was then reincorporated in Delaware on October 22, 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=02474131-5043839|title=Business Entity Filing|last=|first=|date=October 7, 2002|website=Business Search|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814022055/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=02474131-5043839|archive-date=August 14, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=August 14, 2019}}</ref> An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the  Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet's leading subsidiary and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page who became the CEO of Alphabet.

The company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine ([[Google Search]]). It offers services designed for work and productivity ([[Google Docs]], [[Google Sheets]], and [[Google Slides]]), email ([[Gmail]]), scheduling and time management ([[Google Calendar]]), cloud storage ([[Google Drive]]), instant messaging and video chat ([[Google Duo|Duo]], [[Hangouts]], [[Google Meet|Meet]]), language translation ([[Google Translate]]), mapping and navigation ([[Google Maps]], [[Waze]], [[Google Earth]], [[Street View]]), video sharing ([[YouTube]]), note-taking ([[Google Keep]], [[Jamboard|Google Jamboard]]), and photo organizing and editing ([[Google Photos]]). The company leads the development of the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] mobile operating system, the [[Google Chrome]] web browser, and [[Chrome OS]], a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] devices, and it released multiple hardware products in October 2016, including the [[Pixel (smartphone)|Google Pixel]] smartphone, [[Google Home]] smart speaker, [[Google Wifi (router)|Google Wifi]] mesh wireless router, and [[Google Daydream]] virtual reality headset. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier ([[Google Fiber]], [[Google Fi]], and [[Google Station]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/27/13070922/google-station-public-wi-fi-india|title=Google Station is a new platform that aims to make public Wi-Fi better|last=Byford|first=Sam|date=2016-09-27|website=The Verge|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903210758/https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/27/13070922/google-station-public-wi-fi-india|archive-date=2017-09-03|access-date=2018-05-22}}</ref>

Google.com is the most visited website in the world.<ref name="Alexa"/> Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube and [[Blogger (service)|Blogger]]. Google was the most valuable brand in the world in 2017 (surpassed by Amazon),<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/worlds-most-valuable-brands-facebook-google-apple-amazon-a7556571.html |title=Google is now the world's most valuable brand |date=February 1, 2017 |work=The Independent |access-date=August 31, 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831172223/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/worlds-most-valuable-brands-facebook-google-apple-amazon-a7556571.html |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> but has received significant [[Criticism of Google|criticism]] involving issues such as [[Privacy concerns regarding Google|privacy concerns]], tax avoidance, antitrust, [[Censorship by Google|censorship]], and search neutrality.

== History ==
{{Main|History of Google|List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet}}
{{See also|Alphabet Inc.}}

=== Early years ===
[[File:Google page brin.jpg|thumb|Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 2003|alt=|left]]
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in [[Stanford, California]].<ref name="milestones">{{cite web |title=Our history in depth |url=https://www.google.com/about/company/history/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401005940/http://www.google.com/about/company/history/ |website=Google Company |archivedate=April 1, 2012 |accessdate=July 15, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The project initially involved an unofficial "third founder", Scott Hassan, the original lead programmer who wrote much of the code for the original Google Search engine, but he left before Google was officially founded as a company;<ref name="vanityfair">{{cite web |last=Fisher |first=Adam |title=Brin, Page, and Mayer on the Accidental Birth of the Company that Changed Everything |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/valley-of-genius-excerpt-google |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=July 10, 2018 |accessdate=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704184309/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/valley-of-genius-excerpt-google |archive-date=July 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McHugh |first=Josh |title=Google vs. Evil |url=https://www.wired.com/2003/01/google-10/ |accessdate=24 August 2019 |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=1 January 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602064540/https://www.wired.com/2003/01/google-10/ |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hassan went on to pursue a career in [[robotics]] and founded the company [[Willow Garage]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Willow Garage Founder Scott Hassan Aims To Build A Startup Village |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/view-from-the-valley/at-work/start-ups/willow-garage-founder-scott-hassan-aims-to-build-a-startup-village |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |date=5 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824075356/https://spectrum.ieee.org/view-from-the-valley/at-work/start-ups/willow-garage-founder-scott-hassan-aims-to-build-a-startup-village |archive-date=August 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=D'Onfro |first=Jillian |title=How a billionaire who wrote Google's original code created a robot revolution |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-look-back-at-willow-garage-2016-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=February 13, 2016 |access-date=August 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824075346/https://www.businessinsider.com/a-look-back-at-willow-garage-2016-2 |archive-date=August 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, they theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/|title=The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web|last1=Page|first1=Lawrence|authorlink=Larry Page|last2=Brin|first2=Sergey|authorlink2=Sergey Brin|date=November 11, 1999|website=Stanford University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118014915/http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/|archive-date=November 18, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|last3=Motwani|first3=Rajeev|last4=Winograd|first4=Terry}}</ref> They called this algorithm [[PageRank]]; it determined a website's [[Relevance (information retrieval)|relevance]] by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages that linked back to the original site.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html |title=Technology Overview |website=Google, Inc. |accessdate=February 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210175913/http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html |archive-date=February 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1|title=PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web|last=Page|first=Larry|authorlink=Larry Page|date=August 18, 1997|website=Stanford Digital Library Project|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1|archive-date=May 6, 2002|accessdate=November 27, 2010}}</ref> Page told his ideas to Hassan, who began writing the code to implement Page's ideas.<ref name="vanityfair"/>

Page and Brin originally nicknamed the new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Birth of Google |first=John |last=Battelle |newspaper=Wired |date=August 2005 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 |accessdate=October 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbTgdmC?url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trex |first=Ethan |title=9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/20890/9-people-places-things-changed-their-names |website=Mental Floss |accessdate=August 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810100639/http://mentalfloss.com/article/20890/9-people-places-things-changed-their-names |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |url-status=live|date=February 17, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://huron.stanford.edu |title=Backrub search engine at Stanford University |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19961224105215/http://huron.stanford.edu/ |archivedate=December 24, 1996 |accessdate=March 12, 2011}}</ref> Hassan as well as Alan Steremberg were cited by Page and Brin as being critical to the development of Google. [[Rajeev Motwani]] and [[Terry Winograd]] later co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998. [[Héctor García-Molina]] and [[Jeff Ullman]] were also cited as contributors to the project.<ref name="originalpaper"/> PageRank was influenced by a similar page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm earlier used for [[RankDex]], developed by [[Robin Li]] in 1996, with Larry Page's PageRank patent including a citation to Li's earlier RankDex patent; Li later went on to create the Chinese search engine [[Baidu]].<ref>[http://www.rankdex.com/about.html "About: RankDex"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525015816/http://www.rankdex.com/about.html |date=May 25, 2015 }}, ''RankDex''</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Altucher |first=James |title=10 Unusual Things About Google |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesaltucher/2011/03/18/10-unusual-things-about-google-also-the-worst-vc-decision-i-ever-made/ |date=March 18, 2011 |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616133656/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesaltucher/2011/03/18/10-unusual-things-about-google-also-the-worst-vc-decision-i-ever-made/ |archive-date=June 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Method for node ranking in a linked database |url = https://www.google.com/patents/US6285999 |publisher = Google Patents |accessdate = 19 October 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151015185034/http://www.google.com/patents/US6285999 |archivedate = 15 October 2015 |df = }}</ref>

Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine originated from a misspelling of the word "[[googol]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html |title=Origin of the name "Google" |last=Koller |first=David |date=January 2004 |website=Stanford University |accessdate=July 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68ubHzYs7?url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html |archivedate=July 4, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327141327/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google |archivedate=March 27, 2010 |title=From Googol to Google |last=Hanley |first=Rachael |date=February 12, 2003 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |publisher=Stanford University |accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/company.html |title=Google! Beta website |website=Google, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/https://www.google.com/company.html |archivedate=February 21, 1999 |accessdate=October 12, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Google1998.png|thumb|upright=1.15|Google's original homepage had a simple design because the company founders had little experience in [[HTML]], the [[markup language]] used for designing web pages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61rJXKAeq?url=http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm |archivedate=September 21, 2011 |title=An evening with Google's Marissa Mayer |last=Williamson |first=Alan |website=Alan Williamson |date=January 12, 2005 |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|alt=Google's homepage in 1998]]

The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/google.com |title=Google.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools |website=[[WHOIS]] |date= |accessdate=July 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314084453/http://whois.domaintools.com/google.com |archive-date=March 14, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of a friend ([[Susan Wojcicki]]<ref name="milestones" />) in [[Menlo Park, California]]. [[Craig Silverstein]], a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.<ref name="milestones" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ |title=Craig Silverstein's website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ |archivedate=October 2, 1999 |website=Stanford University |accessdate=October 12, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kopytoff |first=Verne |url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-07/news/17161124_1_larry-page-google-search-engine |title=Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications, Inc. |date=September 7, 2008 |accessdate=October 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbUJWuY?url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Craig-Silverstein-grew-a-decade-with-Google-3270079.php |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google was initially funded by an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from [[Andy Bechtolsheim]], co-founder of [[Sun Microsystems]]; the money was given before Google was incorporated.<ref name="Bechtolsheim">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919030812/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F04%2F29%2FMNGLD6CFND34.DTL |archivedate=September 19, 2009 |title=For early Googlers, key word is $ |last=Kopytoff |first=Verne |date=April 29, 2004 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |location=San Francisco |url-status=dead}}</ref> Google received money from three other [[angel investor]]s in 1998: [[Amazon.com]] founder [[Jeff Bezos]], Stanford University computer science professor [[David Cheriton]], and entrepreneur [[Ram Shriram]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Googled: The End of the World as We Know it|last=Auletta|first=Ken|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2010|isbn=9780143118046|edition=Reprint|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=515456623|quote=On September 7, 1998, the day Google officially incorporated, he [Shriram] wrote out a check for just over $250,000, one of four of this size the founders received.|author-link=Ken Auletta}}</ref> Between these initial investors, friends, and family Google raised around 1 million dollars, which is what allowed them to open up their original shop in Menlo Park, California.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hosch |first1=William L. |last2=Hall |first2=Mark |title=Google Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc |website=Britannica |publisher=Britannica |accessdate=March 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220013941/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After some additional, small investments through the end of 1998 to early 1999,<ref name=":3" /> a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999,<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010212052759/http://www.google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archivedate=February 12, 2001 |title=Google Receives $25&nbsp;Million in Equity Funding |date=June 7, 1999 |location=Palo Alto, Calif. |accessdate=February 16, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> with major investors including the [[venture capital]] firms [[Kleiner Perkins]] and [[Sequoia Capital]].<ref name="Bechtolsheim" />

=== Growth ===
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to [[Palo Alto, California]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-history-in-photos-2015-10 |title=38 photos of Google's rise from a Stanford dorm room to world domination |last=Weinberger |first=Matt |date=October 12, 2015 |website=Business Insider |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |accessdate=July 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819101107/http://www.businessinsider.com/google-history-in-photos-2015-10 |archive-date=August 19, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> which is home to several prominent [[Silicon Valley]] technology start-ups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/a-building-blessed-with-tech-success/ |title=A building blessed with tech success |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate=July 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523115134/https://www.cnet.com/news/a-building-blessed-with-tech-success/ |archive-date=May 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The next year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC |title=Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know |last=Stross |first=Randall |date=September 2008 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-1-4165-4691-7 |location=New York |pages=3–4 |chapter=Introduction |accessdate=February 14, 2010 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref name="milestones" /> To maintain an uncluttered page design, advertisements were solely text-based.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/press/pressrel/pressrelease39.html |title=Google Launches Self-Service Advertising Program |date=October 23, 2000 |website=News from Google |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401005413/http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/pressrelease39.html |archivedate=April 1, 2012 |accessdate=July 15, 2017}}</ref> In June 2000, it was announced that Google would become the default search engine provider for [[Yahoo!]], one of the most popular websites at the time, replacing [[Inktomi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines.columnists |title=Why's Yahoo gone to Google? Search me |last=Naughton |first=John |date=July 2, 2000 |via=www.theguardian.com |access-date=January 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040317/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines.columnists |archive-date=January 31, 2019 |url-status=live|newspaper=The Guardian }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://googlepress.blogspot.com/2000/06/yahoo-selects-google-as-its-default.html |title=Yahoo! Selects Google as its Default Search Engine Provider – News announcements – News from Google – Google |website=googlepress.blogspot.com |access-date=January 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041155/https://googlepress.blogspot.com/2000/06/yahoo-selects-google-as-its-default.html |archive-date=January 31, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Google’s First Production Server.jpg|upright|thumb|Google's first production server.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |title=Google Server Assembly |website=Computer History Museum |accessdate=July 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722083804/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>|alt=Google's first servers, showing lots of exposed wiring and circuit boards]]
In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from [[Silicon Graphics]], at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.<ref name="sgibldg">{{Cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles-movin-on-up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html |title=Google's movin' on up |last=Olsen |first=Stephanie |date=July 11, 2003 |work=CNET |accessdate=February 15, 2010 |publisher=CBS Interactive |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbYuLmq?url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles-movin-on-up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word [[googolplex]], the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319&nbsp;million.<ref name="googleplexpurchase">{{Cite news |url=http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html |title=Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphics |date=June 16, 2006 |newspaper=Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal |accessdate=February 15, 2010 |publisher=American City Business Journals |location=San Jose |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418071152/http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html |archive-date=April 18, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "[[google (verb)|google]]" to be added to the ''[[Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary]]'' and the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', denoted as: "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html |title=Do You "Google"? |last=Krantz |first=Michael |date=October 25, 2006 |website=Google, Inc. |accessdate=February 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/ |title=To Google or Not to Google |last=Bylund |first=Anders |date=July 5, 2006 |website=msnbc.com |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20060707062623/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/ |archivedate=July 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |accessdate=February 17, 2010}}</ref> Additionally, in 2001 Google's Investors felt the need to have a strong internal management, and they agreed to hire [[Eric Schmidt]] as the Chairman and CEO of Google <ref name="Google Inc">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc |title=Google Inc. |last1=Hosch |first1=William L. |last2=Hall |first2=Mark |website=Britannica |publisher=Britannica |accessdate=March 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220013941/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Initial public offering ===
Google's [[initial public offering]] (IPO) took place five years later, on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm |title=Google wins again |date=January 29, 2008 |newspaper=Fortune |publisher=Time Warner |accessdate=January 22, 2011 |first=Adam |last=Lashinsky |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbNOfxM?url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> At IPO, the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.<ref name="IPO">{{Cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm |title=Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys? |last=Elgin |first=Ben |date=August 19, 2004 |newspaper=BusinessWeek |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT7Hw63l?url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm |archivedate=June 12, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf |title=2004 Annual Report |year=2004 |website=Google, Inc. |page=29 |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |location=Mountain View, California |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XUbJTj?url=http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Credit Suisse]], underwriters for the deal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/ |title=Google sets $2.7&nbsp;billion IPO |last=La Monica |first=Paul R. |date=April 30, 2004 |work=CNN Money |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbWCwIQ?url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/ |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799 |title=Want In on Google's IPO? |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |date=April 29, 2004 |website=ZDNet |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XV2yME?url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799 |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a [[market capitalization]] of more than $23 billion.<ref name="washpost">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html |title=Google's IPO: Grate Expectations |last=Webb |first=Cynthia L. |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=February 19, 2010 |location=Washington, D.C. |date=August 19, 2004 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbWsL9b?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Eric Schmidt at the 37th G8 Summit in Deauville 037.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Eric Schmidt]]
In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for $1.65&nbsp;billion in Google stock,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/09/google-has-acquired-youtube/ |title=Google Has Acquired YouTube |last=Arrington |first=Michael |date=October 9, 2006 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316024815/https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/09/google-has-acquired-youtube/ |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/09/business/09cnd-deal.html |title=Google to Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Peters |first2=Jeremy W. |date=October 9, 2006 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609080519/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/09/business/09cnd-deal.html |archive-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/11/13/google-closes-youtube-acquisition/ |title=Google Closes YouTube Acquisition |last=Arrington |first=Michael |date=November 13, 2006 |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316024500/https://techcrunch.com/2006/11/13/google-closes-youtube-acquisition/ |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-idUSWEN973120061114 |title=Google closes YouTube deal |last=Auchard |first=Eric |date=November 14, 2006 |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113147/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-idUSWEN973120061114 |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire [[DoubleClick]] for $3.1&nbsp;billion, transferring to Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html |title=Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion |last1=Story |first1=Louise |last2=Helft |first2=Miguel |date=April 14, 2007 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404014741/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported on a 700 percent increase in third-quarter profit for Google, largely thanks to large companies shifting their advertising strategies from newspapers, magazines, and television to the Internet.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102002058.html |title=Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit |last=Vise |first=David |date=October 21, 2005 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020134416/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102002058.html |archive-date=October 20, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one billion for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |title=Google's new record, 1 billion visitors in May |author=Ben |date=June 2, 2011 |website=It's All Tech |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116035631/http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |archivedate=January 16, 2013 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> By 2011, Google was handling approximately 3 billion searches per day. To handle this workload, Google built 11 [[data centers]] around the world with some several thousand servers in each. These data centers allowed Google to handle the ever changing workload more efficiently.<ref name="Google Inc"/>

On August 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to date when it announced that it would acquire [[Motorola Mobility]] for $12.5&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/faster-forward/post/google-agrees-to-acquire-motorola-mobility/2011/08/15/gIQABmTkGJ_blog.html |title=Google agrees to acquire Motorola Mobility |author=Tsukayama, Hayley |date=August 15, 2011 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113035358/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/faster-forward/post/google-agrees-to-acquire-motorola-mobility/2011/08/15/gIQABmTkGJ_blog.html |archive-date=November 13, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.google.com/releases/2011/0815.html |title=Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility&nbsp;— Google Investor Relations |website=Google |accessdate=August 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817101741/http://investor.google.com/releases/2011/0815.html |archive-date=August 17, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies, to help protect Google in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies,<ref name="supercharging android">{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|title=Official Google Blog: Supercharging Android: Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility|last=Page|first=Larry|authorlink=Larry Page|date=2011-08-15|website=Official Google Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69UHjJzgs?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|archive-date=2012-07-28|accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> mainly Apple and Microsoft,<ref name="appleinsider1">{{cite web |url=http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/15/google_ceo_anticompetitive_apple_microsoft_forced_motorola_deal.html |title=Google CEO: 'Anticompetitive' Apple, Microsoft forced Motorola deal |last=Hughes |first=Neil |website=AppleInsider |accessdate=August 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210181127/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/15/google_ceo_anticompetitive_apple_microsoft_forced_motorola_deal.html |archive-date=December 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android.<ref name="cnet">{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-20092362-94/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility-for-$12.5b/ |title=Google to buy Motorola Mobility for $12.5B |last=Cheng |first=Roger |date=August 15, 2011 |website=CNet News |access-date=August 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006062539/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-20092362-94/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility-for-$12.5b/ |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2012 onward ===
The year 2012 was the first time that Google generated $50 billion in annual revenue, generating $38 billion the previous year. In January 2013, then-CEO Larry Page commented, "We ended 2012 with a strong quarter ... Revenues were up 36% year-on-year, and 8% quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $50 billion in revenues for the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a half."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mashable.com/2013/01/22/google-q4-earnings/#42cbeRCbSkqH |title=Google Has Its First $50 Billion Year |last=Fiegerman |first=Seth |date=January 22, 2013 |website=[[Mashable]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014741/http://mashable.com/2013/01/22/google-q4-earnings/#42cbeRCbSkqH |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2013, Google acquired Waze, a $966 million deal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-reveals-it-spent-966-million-in-waze-acquisition/ |title=Google reveals it spent $966 million in Waze acquisition |last=Kerr |first=Dara |date=July 25, 2013 |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216011658/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-reveals-it-spent-966-million-in-waze-acquisition/ |archive-date=February 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> While Waze would remain an independent entity, its social features, such as its crowdsourced location platform, were reportedly valuable integrations between Waze and Google Maps, Google's own mapping service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/11/its-official-google-buys-waze-giving-a-social-data-boost-to-its-location-and-mapping-business/ |title=Google Bought Waze For $1.1B, Giving A Social Data Boost To Its Mapping Business |last=Lunden |first=Ingrid |date=June 11, 2013 |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706051802/https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/11/its-official-google-buys-waze-giving-a-social-data-boost-to-its-location-and-mapping-business/ |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google announced the launch of a new company, called [[Calico (company)|Calico]], on September 19, 2013, to be led by Apple Inc. chairman [[Arthur D. Levinson|Arthur Levinson]]. In the official public statement, Page explained that the "health and well-being" company would focus on "the challenge of ageing and associated diseases".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24158924|title=Google spin-off Calico to search for answers to ageing|last=Wakefield|first=Jane|date=September 19, 2013|work=BBC News|accessdate=September 20, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919201510/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24158924|archive-date=September 19, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Google-Deep Mind headquarters in London, 6 Pancras Square.jpg|thumb|upright|Entrance of building where Google and its subsidiary Deep Mind are located at 6 Pancras Square, London|alt=]]
On January 26, 2014, Google announced it had agreed to acquire [[DeepMind Technologies]], a privately held artificial intelligence company from [[London]].<ref name="Chowdhry-DeepMind">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2014/01/27/google-to-acquire-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind/ |title=Google To Acquire Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind |last=Chowdhry |first=Amit |date=January 27, 2014 |newspaper=Forbes |accessdate=January 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129142153/http://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2014/01/27/google-to-acquire-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind/ |archive-date=January 29, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Technology news website ''[[Recode]]'' reported that the company was purchased for $400 million though it was not disclosed where the information came from. A Google spokesman would not comment of the price.<ref name="Helgren- DeepMind">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/27/us-google-deepmind-idUSBREA0Q03220140127 |title=Google to buy artificial intelligence company DeepMind |last=Helgren |first=Chris |date=January 27, 2014 |newspaper=Reuters |accessdate=January 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127042513/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/27/us-google-deepmind-idUSBREA0Q03220140127 |archive-date=January 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ribeiro- DeepMind">{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2091500/google-acquires-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind.html |title=Google buys artificial intelligence company DeepMind |last=Ribeiro |first=Jon |date=January 27, 2014 |newspaper=PC World |accessdate=January 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130042946/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2091500/google-acquires-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind.html |archive-date=January 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The purchase of DeepMind aids in Google's recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics community.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/26/5348640/google-deepmind-acquisition-robotics-ai |title=Google buying AI startup DeepMind for a reported $400 million |last=Opam |first=Kwame |date=January 26, 2014 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708161602/https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/26/5348640/google-deepmind-acquisition-robotics-ai |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

According to [[Interbrand]]'s annual Best Global Brands report, Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world (behind Apple Inc.) in 2013,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings - 2013 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand |url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2013/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |website=Interbrand |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022013506/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2013/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> 2014,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings - 2014 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand |url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2014/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |website=Interbrand |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103140119/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2014/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |archive-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> 2015,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings - 2015 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand |url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2015/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |website=Interbrand |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021100708/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2015/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 2016, with a valuation of $133 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings - 2016 - Best Global Brands |url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2016/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |website=Interbrand |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161220191226/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2016/ranking/#?listFormat=ls |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 10, 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] called Alphabet. Google became Alphabet's leading subsidiary, and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became CEO of Alphabet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-10/google-to-adopt-new-holding-structure-under-name-alphabet- |title=Google Rises After Creating Holding Company Called Alphabet |last=Womack |first=Brian |date=August 10, 2015 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123054841/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-10/google-to-adopt-new-holding-structure-under-name-alphabet- |archive-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-creates-new-company-alphabet-1439240645 |title=Google Creates Parent Company Called Alphabet in Restructuring |last1=Barr |first1=Alistair |last2=Winkler |first2=Rolf |date=August 10, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128112043/http://www.wsj.com/articles/google-creates-new-company-alphabet-1439240645 |archive-date=November 28, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/technology/google-alphabet-restructuring.html |title=Google to Reorganize as Alphabet to Keep Its Lead as an Innovator |last=Dougherty |first=Conor |date=August 10, 2015 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019164806/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/technology/google-alphabet-restructuring.html |archive-date=October 19, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2016|10|post=,}} Google operates 70 offices in more than 40 countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google locations |url=https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/locations/ |website=Google, Inc. |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815024220/https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/locations/ |archive-date=August 15, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]], a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world.<ref name="Alexa">{{cite web |title=google.com Traffic Statistics |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com |website=Alexa Internet |date=November 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XN975m?url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube<ref>{{cite web |title=youtube.com Traffic Statistics |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |website=Alexa Internet |date=November 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127004253/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |archive-date=November 27, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Blogger.<ref>{{cite web |title=blogger.com Traffic Statistics |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/blogger.com |website=Alexa Internet |date=November 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112072306/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/blogger.com |archive-date=November 12, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 8, 2017, Google fired employee James Damore after he distributed a memo throughout the company which argued that bias and "[[Google's Ideological Echo Chamber|Google's ideological echo chamber]]" clouded their thinking about diversity and inclusion, and that it is also biological factors, not discrimination alone, that cause the average woman to be less interested than men in technical positions.<ref name="NYTFired">[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/business/google-women-engineer-fired-memo.html "Google Fires Engineer Who Wrote Memo Questioning Women in Tech"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810185646/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/business/google-women-engineer-fired-memo.html|date=August 10, 2017}}. ''The New York Times'', August 7, 2017</ref> Google CEO Sundar Pichai accused Damore in violating company policy by "advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace", and he was fired on the same day.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/technology/google-engineer-fired-gender-memo.html Contentious Memo Strikes Nerve Inside Google and Out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809012140/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/technology/google-engineer-fired-gender-memo.html|date=August 9, 2017}}. ''The New York Times'', August 8, 2017</ref><ref>diversitymemo.com</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/the-most-common-error-in-coverage-of-the-google-memo/536181/ |title=The Most Common Error in Media Coverage of the Google Memo |last=Friedersdorf |first=Conor |access-date=August 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808230220/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/the-most-common-error-in-coverage-of-the-google-memo/536181/ |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |url-status=live|date=August 8, 2017 }}</ref> ''New York Times'' columnist [[David Brooks (political commentator)|David Brooks]] argued Pichai had mishandled the case, and called for his resignation.<ref name="BrooksNYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/opinion/sundar-pichai-google-memo-diversity.html |title=Sundar Pichai Should Resign as Google's C.E.O |last=Brooks |first=David |date=August 11, 2017 |website=The New York Times |url-access=limited |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811124216/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/opinion/sundar-pichai-google-memo-diversity.html |archivedate=August 11, 2017 |url-status=live |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/david-brooks-sundar-pichai-resignation-james-damore-2017-8 |title=New York Times columnist David Brooks wants Google's CEO to resign |website=Business Insider |language=en |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170812131604/http://www.businessinsider.com/david-brooks-sundar-pichai-resignation-james-damore-2017-8 |archivedate=August 12, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=August 12, 2017|date=August 11, 2017 }}</ref>

Between 2018 and 2019, [[Google worker organization|tensions between the company's leadership and its workers escalated]] as staff protested company decisions on internal sexual harassment, [[Dragonfly (search engine)|a censored Chinese search engine]], and [[Project Maven|a military drone artificial intelligence]], which had been seen as areas of revenue growth for the company.<ref name="Bloomberg 2019-11-22">{{Cite news |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |title=Google Workers Protest Company's 'Brute Force Intimidation' |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-22 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-22/google-workers-protest-company-s-brute-force-intimidation |language=en |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Verge busting">{{Cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees |work=The Verge |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> On October 25, 2018, ''The New York Times'' published the ''exposé'', "How Google Protected [[Andy Rubin]], the ‘Father of Android’". The company subsequently announced that "48 employees have been fired over the last two years" for sexual misconduct.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/25/18024486/google-sexual-harassment-people-fired-rubin-2-years-ceo |title=Google says 48 people have been fired for sexual harassment in the last two years |last=Welch |first=Chris |date=October 25, 2018 |accessdate=October 31, 2018 |website=The Verge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133020/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/25/18024486/google-sexual-harassment-people-fired-rubin-2-years-ceo |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> On November 1, 2018, more than 20,000 Google employees and contractors staged a global walk-out to protest the company's handling of sexual harassment complaints.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-walkout-live-pictures-of-protesting-google-workers-2018-11 |title=PHOTOS: Google employees all over the world left their desk and walked out in protest over sexual misconduct |last=Hamilton |first=Isobel Asher |date=November 1, 2018 |accessdate=November 6, 2018 |website=Business Insider |display-authors=etal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102174328/https://www.businessinsider.com/google-walkout-live-pictures-of-protesting-google-workers-2018-11 |archive-date=November 2, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://fortune.com/2018/11/03/google-employees-walkout-demands/ |title=More Than 20,000 Google Employees Participated in Walkout Over Sexual Harassment Policy |last=Segarra |first=Lisa Marie |date=November 3, 2018 |accessdate=November 6, 2018 |publisher=Fortune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107013331/http://fortune.com/2018/11/03/google-employees-walkout-demands/ |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Later in 2019, some workers accused the company of retaliating against internal activists.{{r|Verge busting}}

On March 19, 2019, Google announced that it would enter the video game market, launching a [[cloud gaming]] platform called [[Google Stadia|Stadia]].<ref name=":2" />

On June 3, 2019, the [[United States Department of Justice]] reported that it would investigate Google for [[antitrust]] violations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/06/03/google_shares_take_a_dive_on_doj_reports/|title=Google shares take a dive with reports of US DoJ 'competition' probe}}</ref>

In December 2019, it was reported that former [[PayPal]] [[Chief Operating Officer]] Bill Ready would become Google's new commerce chief. Ready's role won't be directly involved with [[Google Pay]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/12/11/paypals-exiting-coo-bill-ready-to-join-google-as-its-new-president-of-commerce/|title=PayPal's exiting COO Bill Ready to join Google as its new president of Commerce|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-11}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In April 2020, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Google announced several cost-cutting measures. Such measures included slowing down hiring for the remainder of 2020, except for of a small number of strategic areas, recalibrating the focus and pace of investments in areas like data centers and machines, and non-business essential marketing and travel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-15/google-to-slow-hiring-for-rest-of-2020-ceo-pichai-tells-staff|title=Bloomberg - Google to Slow Hiring for Rest of 2020, CEO Tells Staff|last=|first=|date=2020-04-15|website=www.bloomberg.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>

== Products and services ==
{{Main|List of Google products}}

=== Search engine ===
{{Main|Google Search|Google Images}}
[[File:Google Homepage.svg|alt=|left|thumb|Google Search homepage {{as of|2020|06|df=US|lc=y}}]]
Google [[search engine indexing|indexes]] billions of web pages to allow users to search for the information they desire through the use of keywords and [[Operator (computer programming)|operators]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |title=Google's Misleading Blog Post: The Size Of The Web And The Size Of Their Index Are Very Different |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=July 25, 2008 |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312042335/https://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/ |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[comScore]] market research from November 2009, Google Search is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a [[market share]] of 65.6%.<ref name="comscore">{{Cite news |date=December 16, 2006 |title=comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings |url=http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225142724/http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings |archive-date=February 25, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2017, Google enabled a new "Personal" tab in Google Search, letting users search for content in their Google accounts' various services, including email messages from Gmail and photos from Google Photos.<ref>{{cite web |first=Barry |last=Schwartz |title=Google Adds Personal Tab To Search Filters |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-personal-tab-search-23912.html |website=Search Engine Roundtable |publisher=RustyBrick |date=May 26, 2017 |accessdate=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527140309/https://www.seroundtable.com/google-personal-tab-search-23912.html |archive-date=May 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=Google adds new Personal tab to search results to show Gmail and Photos content |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/26/15701778/google-personal-tab-search-results-gmail-photos-images-maps-news-filter |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=May 26, 2017 |accessdate=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526215945/https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/26/15701778/google-personal-tab-search-results-gmail-photos-images-maps-news-filter |archive-date=May 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google launched its [[Google News]] service in 2002, an automated service which summarizes news articles from various websites.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html |title=Automatic for the People |last=Macht |first=Joshua |date=September 30, 2002 |work=Time |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022094519/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html |archive-date=October 22, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google also hosts [[Google Books]], a service which searches the text found in books in its database and shows limited previews or and the full book where allowed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/google-hit-second-lawsuit-over-library-project-722 |title=Google hit with second lawsuit over Library project |last=Martin |first=China |date=November 26, 2007 |publisher=[[InfoWorld]] |access-date=July 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510022853/http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/google-hit-second-lawsuit-over-library-project-722 |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Advertising ===
[[File:Ad-tech London 2010 (2).JPG|thumb|Google on ad-tech London, 2010]]

As per its 2017 Annual report, Google generates most of its revenues from advertising. This includes sales of apps, purchases made in-app, digital content products on google and YouTube, android and licensing and service fees, including fees received for Google Cloud offerings. 46% of this was from clicks (cost per clicks), amounting to US$109,652 million in 2017. This includes three principal methods, namely [[AdMob]], [[AdSense]] (such as AdSense for Content, AdSense for Search, etc.) and DoubleClick AdExchange.<ref name="agm2017">{{cite book |title=Annualg report (Alphabet Inc.) - 2017 |date=March 1, 2018 |publisher=Alphabet Inc. Investor relations |url=https://abc.xyz/investor |accessdate=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203091612/https://abc.xyz/investor/ |archive-date=February 3, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.<ref name="10-K">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507044494/d10k.htm |title=Form 10-K{{nbsp}}– Annual Report |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |publisher=SEC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106152355/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507044494/d10k.htm |archive-date=November 6, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, 96% of Google's revenue was derived from its advertising programs.<ref name="Google-Inc-Jan-2012-10-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/44/0001193125-12-025336.pdf |title=Google Inc, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date January 26, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |accessdate=March 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502193637/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/44/0001193125-12-025336.pdf |archive-date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to its own algorithms for understanding search requests, Google uses technology from the company DoubleClick, to project user interest and target advertising to the search context and the user history.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Nakashima, Ellen |title=Some Web Firms Say They Track Behavior Without Explicit Consent |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html |date=August 12, 2008 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112172756/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Miguel |last=Helft |title=Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html |website=The New York Times |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328214358/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html |archive-date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2007, Google launched "[[AdSense for Mobile]]", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.<ref name="adsense_mobile">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/20070917_mobileads.html |title=Google AdSense for Mobile unlocks the potential of the mobile advertising market |date=September 17, 2007 |website=Google, Inc. |accessdate=February 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620042233/https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/20070917_mobileads.html |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Google Analytics]] allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page.<ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Bright |title=Surfing on the sly with IE8's new "InPrivate" Internet |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=August 27, 2008 |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312040931/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet/ |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. [[Google Ads]] allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through a cost-per-click scheme.<ref>{{cite web |first=Vangie |last=Beal |title=AdWords - Google AdWords |url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adwords.html |website=Webopedia |publisher=QuinStreet Inc. |accessdate=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629163240/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adwords.html |archive-date=June 29, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked.<ref>{{cite web |first=Vangie |last=Beal |title=AdSense - Google AdSense |url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adsense.html |website=Webopedia |publisher=QuinStreet Inc. |accessdate=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502044751/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adsense.html |archive-date=May 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of [[click fraud]], which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20&nbsp;percent of clicks were fraudulent or invalid.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-to-offer-advertisers-click-fraud-stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html |title=Google to offer advertisers click fraud stats |work=news.cnet.com |publisher=CNET |date=July 25, 2006 |accessdate=July 29, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075216/http://news.cnet.com/Google-to-offer-advertisers-click-fraud-stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Google Search Console]] (rebranded from Google Webmaster Tools in May 2015) allows [[webmasters]] to check the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security issues of their websites, as well as optimize their website's visibility.

=== Consumer services ===

==== Web-based services ====
Google offers Gmail for [[email]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Gayomali |title=When Gmail Launched On April 1, 2004, People Thought It Was A Joke |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3028513/when-gmail-launched-on-april-1-2004-people-thought-it-was-a-joke |website=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |publisher=Mansueto Ventures |date=April 1, 2014 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018201644/https://www.fastcompany.com/3028513/when-gmail-launched-on-april-1-2004-people-thought-it-was-a-joke |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Calendar for time-management and scheduling,<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Google Calendar update makes it easier to track your New Year's fitness goals |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/5/14175830/google-calendar-track-fitness-goals-health-data |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=January 5, 2017 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113025213/http://www.theverge.com/2017/1/5/14175830/google-calendar-track-fitness-goals-health-data |archive-date=January 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Maps for mapping, navigation and [[satellite imagery]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Google Maps Introduces New Location Sharing Feature With Real-Time Friend Tracking |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/03/22/google-maps-location-sharing/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327173708/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/03/22/google-maps-location-sharing/ |archive-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Drive for [[File hosting service|cloud storage]] of files,<ref name="verge-drive-announced">{{cite web |first=T.C. |last=Sottek |title=Google Drive officially launches with 5&nbsp;GB free storage, Google Docs integration |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/24/2971025/google-drive-official-launch-features |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=April 24, 2012 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226161807/http://www.theverge.com/2012/4/24/2971025/google-drive-official-launch-features |archive-date=December 26, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Docs, Sheets and Slides for productivity,<ref name="verge-drive-announced" /> Google Photos for photo storage and sharing,<ref>{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=Google Photos Breaks Free Of Google+, Now Offers Free, Unlimited Storage |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/28/google-photos-breaks-free-of-google-now-offers-free-unlimited-storage/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=May 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706135643/https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/28/google-photos-breaks-free-of-google-now-offers-free-unlimited-storage/ |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Keep for [[note-taking]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Graziano |title=Google launches Google Keep note-taking service [video] |url=http://bgr.com/2013/03/20/google-keep-annnounced-388095/ |website=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=March 20, 2013 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008154306/http://bgr.com/2013/03/20/google-keep-annnounced-388095/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google Translate for language translation,<ref>{{cite web |first=Lisa |last=Eadicicco |title=Google's Translation App Is About To Get Much Better |url=http://time.com/4572942/google-translate-app-update-2016/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=November 16, 2016 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401152526/http://time.com/4572942/google-translate-app-update-2016/ |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> YouTube for video viewing and sharing,<ref>{{cite web |first=Saba |last=Hamedy |title=People now spend 1 billion hours watching YouTube every day |url=http://mashable.com/2017/02/27/youtube-one-billion-hours-of-video-daily/ |website=Mashable |date=February 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517233015/http://mashable.com/2017/02/27/youtube-one-billion-hours-of-video-daily/ |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Google My Business]] for managing public business information,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/business/ |title=Google My Business – Stand Out on Google for Free |website=www.google.com |access-date=February 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207151521/https://www.google.com/business/ |archive-date=February 7, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Duo for social interaction.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Steven |last=Levy |title=Inside Google+ - How the search giant plans to go social |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/06/inside-google-plus-social/ |magazine=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |publisher=Condé Nast |date=June 28, 2011 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405130052/https://www.wired.com/2011/06/inside-google-plus-social/ |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2019, Google unveiled a cloud gaming service named Stadia.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/19/18271702/google-stadia-cloud-gaming-service-announcement-gdc-2019 |title=Google unveils Stadia cloud gaming service, launches in 2019 |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=March 19, 2019 |website=The Verge |access-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319173136/https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/19/18271702/google-stadia-cloud-gaming-service-announcement-gdc-2019 |archive-date=March 19, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Software ====
Google develops the Android [[mobile operating system]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |title=Breaking: Google Announces Android and Open Handset Alliance |url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/11/05/breaking-google-announces-android-and-open-handset-alliance/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=November 5, 2007 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622140334/https://techcrunch.com/2007/11/05/breaking-google-announces-android-and-open-handset-alliance/ |archive-date=June 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as its [[Android Wear|smartwatch]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Dante |last=D'Orazio |title=Google reveals Android Wear, an operating system for smartwatches |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/18/5522226/google-reveals-android-wear-an-operating-system-designed-for |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210034323/http://www.theverge.com/2014/3/18/5522226/google-reveals-android-wear-an-operating-system-designed-for |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Android TV|television]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Ong |title=Google announces Android TV to bring 'voice input, user experience and content' to the living room |url=https://thenextweb.com/google/2014/06/25/android-tv-google-io-2014/ |website=The Next Web |date=June 25, 2014 |accessdate=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313130445/https://thenextweb.com/google/2014/06/25/android-tv-google-io-2014/ |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Android Auto|car]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Alex |last=Wilhelm |title=Google Announces Android Auto, Promises Enabled Cars By The End Of 2014 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google-announces-android-auto-promises-enabled-cars-by-end-of-2014/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=June 25, 2014 |accessdate=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622135917/https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google-announces-android-auto-promises-enabled-cars-by-end-of-2014/ |archive-date=June 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Internet of things]]-enabled [[Android Things|smart devices]] variations.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jacob |last=Kastrenakes |title=Android Things is Google's new OS for smart devices |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/13/13924996/android-things-announced-smart-home-iot-operating-system |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=December 13, 2016 |accessdate=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217131058/http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/13/13924996/android-things-announced-smart-home-iot-operating-system |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

It also develops the Google Chrome web browser,<ref>{{cite web |first1=Sundar |last1=Pichai |first2=Linus |last2=Upson |title=A fresh take on the browser |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html |website=Official Google Blog |date=September 1, 2008 |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315022315/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Chrome OS, an operating system based on Chrome.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Sundar |last1=Pichai |first2=Linus |last2=Upson |title=Introducing the Google Chrome OS |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html |website=Official Google Blog |date=July 7, 2009 |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222918/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Hardware ====
[[File:Pixel 3 と Pixel 3 XL を初触。本体をギュッと握ると Google Assistant が立ち上がるのがおもしろい。 ワシントンDC (44519013945).jpg|alt=|thumb|Google Pixel smartphones on display in a store]]
In January 2010, Google released [[Nexus One]], the first Android phone under its own brand, "Nexus".<ref>{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=The Droid You're Looking For: Live From The Nexus One Event |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=January 5, 2010 |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123054909/https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/ |archive-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the "Nexus" branding<ref>{{cite web |first=Florence |last=Ion |title=From Nexus One to Nexus 10: a brief history of Google's flagship devices |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/05/from-the-nexus-one-to-the-nexus-10-a-brief-history-of-nexus-devices/ |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |date=May 15, 2013 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624004245/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/05/from-the-nexus-one-to-the-nexus-10-a-brief-history-of-nexus-devices/ |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> until its eventual discontinuation in 2016, replaced by a new brand called Pixel.<ref name="Pixel inside story">{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=The Google Phone: The inside story of Google's bold bet on hardware |url=https://www.theverge.com/a/google-pixel-phone-new-hardware-interview-2016 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106213353/http://www.theverge.com/a/google-pixel-phone-new-hardware-interview-2016 |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |url-status=live|date=October 4, 2016 }}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Chromebook]] was introduced, described as a "new kind of computer" running Chrome OS.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Sundar |last1=Pichai |first2=Linus |last2=Upson |title=A new kind of computer: Chromebook |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html |website=Official Google Blog |date=May 11, 2011 |accessdate=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222651/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2013, Google introduced the [[Chromecast]] dongle, that allows users to stream content from their smartphones to televisions.<ref>{{cite web |first=Adi |last=Robertson |title=Google reveals Chromecast: video streaming to your TV from any device for $35 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4552204/google-reveals-chromecast-tv-streaming |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=July 24, 2013 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226065215/http://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4552204/google-reveals-chromecast-tv-streaming |archive-date=December 26, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Chromecast takes on streaming content to TV |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23514400 |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=July 31, 2013 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129205929/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23514400 |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2014, Google announced [[Google Cardboard]], a simple cardboard viewer that lets user place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view [[virtual reality]] (VR) media.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=O'Toole |title=Google's cardboard virtual-reality goggles |url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/25/technology/innovation/google-cardboard/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2014 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145138/http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/25/technology/innovation/google-cardboard/ |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Erik |last=Kain |title=Google Cardboard Is Google's Awesomely Weird Answer To Virtual Reality |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/06/26/google-cardboard-is-googles-awesomely-weird-answer-to-virtual-reality/ |website=Forbes |date=June 26, 2014 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129151747/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/06/26/google-cardboard-is-googles-awesomely-weird-answer-to-virtual-reality/ |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones with the [[Google Assistant]], a next-generation contextual voice assistant, built-in.<ref>{{cite web |first=Vlad |last=Savov |title=Pixel 'phone by Google' announced |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13161028/google-phone-announced-pixel-xl-price-release-date-specs |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210094337/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13161028/google-phone-announced-pixel-xl-price-release-date-specs |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Google Home, a voice assistant smart speaker that can answer voice queries, play music, find information from apps (calendar, weather etc.), and control third-party smart home appliances (users can tell it to turn on the lights, for example). The Google Home line also includes variants such as the [[Google Home Hub]], [[Google Home Mini]], and [[Google Home Max]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=Google Home is smart, loud, and kind of cute |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13156676/google-home-assistant-speaker-photos-video-device-hands-on |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007204916/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13156676/google-home-assistant-speaker-photos-video-device-hands-on |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Daydream View virtual reality headset that lets Android users with compatible Daydream-ready smartphones put their phones in the headset and enjoy VR content.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Adi |last1=Robertson |first2=Jacob |last2=Kastrenakes |title=Google's Daydream View VR headset goes on sale next month for $79 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13161506/google-vr-headset-photos-daydream-view-virtual-reality |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007203651/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13161506/google-vr-headset-photos-daydream-view-virtual-reality |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Google Wifi]], a connected set of [[Wi-Fi]] routers to simplify and extend coverage of home Wi-Fi.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=The Google Wifi routers are little white pucks you can scatter throughout your house |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13157680/google-wifi-router-photos-hands-on |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007180430/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13157680/google-wifi-router-photos-hands-on |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2018, Google announced the [[Pixel 3]]. The phone was released initially in the United States on October 18, 2018 and other parts of the world on November 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Made by Google 2018 |date=October 9, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wURy8AdsS4&t=1h2m25s |access-date=October 24, 2018 |time=62 minutes, 35 seconds |location=New York City |via=YouTube}}</ref> They are the successors to the [[Pixel 2]] and Pixel 2 XL.<ref>{{cite news |accessdate=October 10, 2018 |title=Google Pixel 3 and 3 XL announced with bigger screens and best cameras yet |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/9/17941394/new-google-pixel-3-xl-phone-release-date-price-announcement |website=The Verge |date=October 9, 2018 |last=Welch |first=Chris |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009200406/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/9/17941394/new-google-pixel-3-xl-phone-release-date-price-announcement# |archive-date=October 9, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In May 2019, Google unveiled the [[Pixel 3a]] at [[Google I/O]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/05/07/google-pixel-3a-xl/|title=Google unveils the lower-cost Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL|work=[[Engadget]]|language=en|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> seven months after the announcement of the original Pixel 3 lineup. The new phones served as midrange variants of the Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL with a 12.2 [[megapixel]] rear camera, which is the same unit found on the Pixel 3, and a single 8 megapixel front-facing camera.<ref name="Android Central">{{Cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/google-pixel-3a|title=Google Pixel 3a: Everything you need to know!|website=Android Central|last=Maring|first=Joe|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref> The base model came with a [[List_of_Qualcomm_Snapdragon_systems-on-chip#Snapdragon_632,_670_and_675_(2018)|Snapdragon 670]] chip and 4{{nbsp}}[[Gigabyte|GB]] of RAM, along with 64{{nbsp}}GB of non-expandable internal storage.<ref name="Ars">{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/05/google-pixel-3a-hands-on-the-best-parts-of-the-pixel-for-half-the-price/|title=Google Pixel 3A hands-on: The only Pixel phone to buy|work=Ars Technica|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=8 May 2019|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref>

In October 2019, Google announced the [[Pixel 4]], the first Pixel phone to be offered for sale by all major wireless carriers at launch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-pixel-4-and-4-xl-hands-on-two-rear-cameras-and-that-ugly-notch-is-gone/|title=Google Pixel 4 and 4 XL hands-on: Two rear cameras and that ugly notch is gone|work=CNET|last=Holland|first=Patrick|date=15 October 2019|accessdate=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/10/google-pixel-4-90hz-screen-next-gen-google-assistant-shipping-oct-24/|title=Google Pixel 4: 90Hz screen, next-gen Google Assistant, shipping Oct 24|work=Ars Technica|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=15 October 2019|accessdate=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/15/20908071/google-pixel-4-xl-photos-video-hands-on-camera-screen-specs-price|title=Google Pixel 4 and 4 XL hands-on: This time, it's not about the camera|work=The Verge|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=October 15, 2019|accessdate=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/google-expanding-pixel-4-all-major-us-carriers |title=Google expanding Pixel 4 to all major U.S. carriers |first=Chris |last=Wedel |website=Android Central |date=2019-10-15 |accessdate=2019-10-15}}</ref> The company also announced the second generation of its [[Pixel Buds]], a line of wireless earbuds with the Google Assistant built-in that also support Google Translate.<ref name="Pixel Buds specs">{{cite web| url=https://support.google.com/googlepixelbuds/answer/7544332?ref_topic=7544331 |title=Google Pixel Buds Requirements & Specifications |website=Google Pixel Buds Help |accessdate=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cjVj1ZyzyE|title=A few new things made by Google.|via=YouTube}}</ref>

In November 2019, Google released a controller for Google Stadia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://community.stadia.com/t5/Stadia-Community-Blog/This-Week-on-Stadia-Play-games-on-tens-of-millions-of-new-phones/ba-p/15326|title=This Week on Stadia: Play games on tens of millions of new phones|date=2020-02-18|website=community.stadia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref>

===Enterprise services{{anchor|Enterprise_products}}===
{{Main|G Suite|Google Cloud Platform}}

[[G Suite]] is a monthly subscription offering for organizations and businesses to get access to a collection of Google's services, including Gmail, Google Drive and Google Docs, Google Sheets and Google Slides, with additional administrative tools, unique domain names, and 24/7 support.<ref>{{cite web |title=Choose a Plan |url=https://gsuite.google.com/intl/en_ie/pricing.html |website=G Suite by Google Cloud |accessdate=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212231639/https://gsuite.google.com/intl/en_ie/pricing.html |archive-date=December 12, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On September 24, 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/09/celebrating-spirit-of-entrepreneurship.html |title=Celebrating the spirit of entrepreneurship with the new Google for Entrepreneurs |website=Official Google Blog |language=en |access-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320171207/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/09/celebrating-spirit-of-entrepreneurship.html |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google launched [[Google for Entrepreneurs]], a largely not-for-profit [[business incubator]] providing startups with [[Coworking|co-working spaces]] known as Campuses, with assistance to startup founders that may include workshops, conferences, and mentorships.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/224522 |title=How Google Wants to Make Starting Up Easier for Entrepreneurs |last=Fell |first=Jason |date=September 27, 2012 |work=Entrepreneur |access-date=March 20, 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320230407/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/224522 |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Presently, there are 7 Campus locations in [[Berlin]], London, [[Madrid]], [[Seoul]], [[São Paulo]], [[Tel Aviv]], and [[Warsaw]].

On March 15, 2016, Google announced the introduction of Google Analytics 360 Suite, "a set of integrated data and marketing analytics products, designed specifically for the needs of enterprise-class marketers" which can be integrated with [[BigQuery]] on the Google Cloud Platform. Among other things, the suite is designed to help "enterprise class marketers" "see the complete customer journey", generate "useful insights", and "deliver engaging experiences to the right people".<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Muret |title=Introducing the Google Analytics 360 Suite |url=https://analytics.googleblog.com/2016/03/introducing-google-analytics-360-suite.html |date=March 15, 2016 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112142850/https://analytics.googleblog.com/2016/03/introducing-google-analytics-360-suite.html |archive-date=January 12, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jack Marshall of ''The Wall Street Journal'' wrote that the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies including [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Salesforce.com|Salesforce]], and [[IBM]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jack |last=Marshall |title=Google Launches New Data Tools for Marketers |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-launches-new-data-tools-for-marketers-1458043217 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=March 15, 2016 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113150024/http://www.wsj.com/articles/google-launches-new-data-tools-for-marketers-1458043217 |archive-date=November 13, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Internet services ===
In February 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project, with experimental plans to build an ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customers in one or more American cities.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Minnie |last1=Ingersoll |first2=James |last2=Kelly |title=Think big with a gig: Our experimental fiber network |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2010/02/think-big-with-gig-our-experimental.html |website=Official Google Blog |date=February 10, 2010 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150926/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2010/02/think-big-with-gig-our-experimental.html |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |title=Google Plans To Deliver 1Gb/sec Fiber-Optic Broadband Network To More Than 50,000 Homes |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/02/10/google-fiber-optic-network-home/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=February 10, 2010 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145628/https://techcrunch.com/2010/02/10/google-fiber-optic-network-home/ |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following Google's corporate restructure to make Alphabet Inc. its parent company, Google Fiber was moved to Alphabet's Access division.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=McLaughlin |title=Inside the Battle Over Google Fiber |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/inside-the-battle-over-google-fiber |website=The Information |date=August 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129144256/https://www.theinformation.com/articles/inside-the-battle-over-google-fiber |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Statt |title=Alphabet is putting serious pressure on Google Fiber to cut costs |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/25/12652734/google-fiber-access-alphabet-layoffs-wireless-internet |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=August 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145849/http://www.theverge.com/2016/8/25/12652734/google-fiber-access-alphabet-layoffs-wireless-internet |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2015, Google announced [[Project Fi]], a mobile virtual network operator, that combines Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different telecommunication providers in an effort to enable seamless connectivity and fast Internet signal.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Fox |title=Say hi to Fi: A new way to say hello |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2015/04/project-fi.html |website=Official Google Blog |date=April 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150714/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2015/04/project-fi.html |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Goldman |title=Google launches 'Project Fi' wireless service |url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/22/technology/google-project-fi-wireless-service/ |website=CNN |date=April 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150255/http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/22/technology/google-project-fi-wireless-service/ |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ellen |last=Huet |title=Google Unveils Its 'Project Fi' Wireless Service |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2015/04/22/google-unveils-wireless-service-project-fi/ |website=Forbes |date=April 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129152041/http://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2015/04/22/google-unveils-wireless-service-project-fi/ |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2016, Google began its Google Station initiative, a project for public Wi-Fi at railway stations in India. Caesar Sengupta, VP for Google's next billion users, told ''The Verge'' that 15,000 people get online for the first time thanks to Google Station and that 3.5 million people use the service every month. The expansion meant that Google was looking for partners around the world to further develop the initiative, which promised "high-quality, secure, easily accessible Wi-Fi".<ref>{{cite web |first=Sam |last=Byford |title=Google Station is a new platform that aims to make public Wi-Fi better |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/27/13070922/google-station-public-wi-fi-india |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=September 27, 2016 |accessdate=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023203300/http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/27/13070922/google-station-public-wi-fi-india |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> By December, Google Station had been deployed at 100 railway stations,<ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Heater |title=After arriving at 100th railway station in India, Google's WiFi is set to hit another 100 in 2017 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/29/google-india-wifi/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=December 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510091945/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/29/google-india-wifi/ |archive-date=May 10, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in February, Google announced its intention to expand beyond railway stations, with a plan to bring citywide Wi-Fi to [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Stephen |last=Hall |title=Google Station expands beyond rail stations to bring citywide WiFi to Pune, India |url=https://9to5google.com/2017/02/09/google-station-expands-beyond-rail-stations-to-bring-citywide-wifi-to-pune-india/ |website=9to5Google |date=February 9, 2017 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210233838/https://9to5google.com/2017/02/09/google-station-expands-beyond-rail-stations-to-bring-citywide-wifi-to-pune-india/ |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Manish |last=Singh |title=Indian city to become the first in the world to get Google Station public Wi-Fi network |url=http://mashable.com/2017/02/09/google-station-pune-india/ |website=Mashable |date=February 9, 2017 |accessdate=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223153245/http://mashable.com/2017/02/09/google-station-pune-india/ |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other products ===
In May 2011, Google announced [[Google Wallet]], a mobile application for wireless payments.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tara |last=Bernard |title=Google Unveils App for Paying With Phone |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/27/technology/27google.html |website=The New York Times |date=May 26, 2011 |accessdate=November 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012171341/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/27/technology/27google.html |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, Google launched [[Google Shopping Express]], a delivery service initially available only in San Francisco and Silicon Valley.<ref>{{cite news |last=Somerville |first=Heather |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_24171776/exclusive-google-same-day-delivery-makes-public-debut |title=Google same-day delivery makes public debut |newspaper=Mercury News |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001221830/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_24171776/exclusive-google-same-day-delivery-makes-public-debut |archive-date=October 1, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==

=== Finance ===
{{Further|Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland#Multinational tax schemes|Google tax}}

[[File:Schmidt-Brin-Page-20080520.jpg|thumb|Then-CEO, and former Chairman of Google Eric Schmidt with cofounders Sergey Brin and Larry Page (left to right) in 2008.|alt=Eric Schmidt, Sergey Brin, and Larry Page sitting together]]
Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004. At IPO, the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.<ref name="IPO" /><ref name=":1" /> The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.<ref name="washpost" /> The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $350 for the first time on October 31, 2007,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |title=Google shares hit $700 |last=Hancock |first=Jay |date=October 31, 2007 |work=The Baltimore Sun |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XVy0yM?url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.<ref name="bowlingforgoogle">{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |title=Bowling for Google |last=La Monica |first=Paul R. |date=May 25, 2005 |work=CNN |accessdate=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XXqofq?url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and [[mutual fund]]s.<ref name="bowlingforgoogle" /> GOOG shares split into GOOG [[class C share]]s and GOOGL [[class A share]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/02/stock-split-could-cost-google-over-500-million.html |title=This could cost Google more than $500 million |website=CNBC |accessdate=December 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226080454/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/02/stock-split-could-cost-google-over-500-million.html |archive-date=December 26, 2015 |url-status=live|date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> The company is listed on the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange under the [[ticker symbol]]s GOOGL and GOOG, and on the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] under the ticker symbol GGQ1. These ticker symbols now refer to Alphabet Inc., Google's holding company, {{as of|2015|8|10|alt=since the fourth quarter of 2015.}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/08/10/google-announces-plans-for-new-operating-structure.html |title=Google to become part of new company, Alphabet |last=Pramuk |first=Jacob |date=August 10, 2015 |newspaper=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=August 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811000128/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/08/10/google-announces-plans-for-new-operating-structure.html |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The corporation's consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 was reported in mid-October 2013 as $14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the previous quarter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/18/google-beats-analyst-estimates-for-third-quarter-results-stock-passes-1000-per-share/ |title=Google Beats Analyst Estimates For Third Quarter Results, Stock Passes $1000 Per Share |last=Whitwam |first=Ryan |date=October 18, 2013 |website=Android Police |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025733/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/18/google-beats-analyst-estimates-for-third-quarter-results-stock-passes-1000-per-share/ |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google's Internet business was responsible for $10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users' clicks on advertisements.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/17/google-q3-revenue-earnings-report |title=Google earnings up 12% in third quarter even as Motorola losses deepen |agency=Reuters |date=October 17, 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=October 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017221536/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/17/google-q3-revenue-earnings-report |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By January 2014, Google's market capitalization had grown to $397 billion.<ref name="Marketwatch">{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/goog |title=Google Overview |website=Marketwatch |accessdate=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202073406/http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/GOOG |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google uses various [[Tax avoidance|tax avoidance strategies]]. Out of the [[List of the largest information technology companies|five largest American technology companies]], it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its revenues. Google between 2007 and 2010 saved $3.1 billion in taxes by shuttling non-U.S. profits through [[Ireland]] and the [[Netherlands]] and then to [[Bermuda]]. Such techniques lower its non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per cent, while normally the corporate tax rate in for instance the UK is 28 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/22/google_double_irish_tax_loophole/ |title=Google slips $3.1bn through 'Double Irish' tax loophole. |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=October 22, 2010 |website=The Register |access-date=August 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706132414/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/22/google_double_irish_tax_loophole/ |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Google's [[transfer pricing]] practices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/31/google_france_tax_office_billion_euros/ |title=French gov 'plans to hand Google €1bn tax bill'&nbsp;– report |last=Leach |first=Anna |date=October 31, 2012 |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |accessdate=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104002014/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/31/google_france_tax_office_billion_euros/ |archive-date=January 4, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google said it overhauled its controversial global tax structure and consolidated all of its intellectual property holdings back to the US.<ref name="GoogleIPRichardWaters">{{cite news|first=Richard|last=Waters|url=https://www.ft.com/content/991f11ae-2c51-11ea-bc77-65e4aa615551|title=Google to end use of 'double Irish' as tax loophole set to close|work=[[The Times]]|date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

Google Vice-President [[Matt Brittin]] testified to the [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Public Accounts Committee]] of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no sales taxes to the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/05/17/quotw_ending_may_17/ |title=I think you DO do evil, using smoke and mirrors to avoid tax |author=Brid-Aine Parnell |date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |accessdate=March 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226090028/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/05/17/quotw_ending_may_17/ |archive-date=December 26, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, Google reached a settlement with the UK to pay £130m in back taxes plus higher taxes in future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d50ad5f4-c125-11e5-9fdb-87b8d15baec2.html |title=Google strikes £130m back tax deal |author=John Gapper|date=January 23, 2016 |publisher=FT.com |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124195612/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d50ad5f4-c125-11e5-9fdb-87b8d15baec2.html |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Google channeled $22.7 billion from the Netherlands to Bermuda to reduce its tax bill.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-taxes-netherlands/google-shifted-23-billion-to-tax-haven-bermuda-in-2017-filing-idUSKCN1OX1G9 |title=Google shifted $23 billion to tax haven Bermuda in 2017: filing |last=Bart Meijer |date=January 3, 2019 |work=Reuters |accessdate=January 3, 2019 |quote=Google moved 19.9 billion euros ($22.7 billion) through a Dutch shell company to Bermuda in 2017, as part of an arrangement that allows it to reduce its foreign tax bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103215930/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-taxes-netherlands/google-shifted-23-billion-to-tax-haven-bermuda-in-2017-filing-idUSKCN1OX1G9 |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, Google ranked 5th in [[Lobbying in the United States|lobbying]] spending, up from 213th in 2003. In 2012, the company ranked 2nd in campaign donations of technology and Internet sections.<ref name="lobby1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-google-is-transforming-power-and-politicsgoogle-once-disdainful-of-lobbying-now-a-master-of-washington-influence/2014/04/12/51648b92-b4d3-11e3-8cb6-284052554d74_story.html |title=Google, once disdainful of lobbying, now a master of Washington influence |last1=Hamburger |first1=Tom |date=April 13, 2014 |work=The Washington Post |last2=Gold |first2=Matea |access-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027124925/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-google-is-transforming-power-and-politicsgoogle-once-disdainful-of-lobbying-now-a-master-of-washington-influence/2014/04/12/51648b92-b4d3-11e3-8cb6-284052554d74_story.html |archive-date=October 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Corporate identity ===
{{Main|History of Google#Name|Google (verb)|Google logo|Google Doodle|List of Google April Fools' Day jokes|List of Google Easter eggs}}
[[File:Logo Google 2013 Official.svg|thumb|200px|Google's logo from 2013-2015]]
The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol",<ref>Koller, David. "[http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html Origin of the name, "Google."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627081942/http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html |date=June 27, 2012 }} ''Stanford University.'' January, 2004.</ref><ref name="Hanley">Hanley, Rachael. "[http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ From Googol to Google: Co-founder returns] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330004631/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/|date=March 30, 2010}}." ''[[The Stanford Daily]].'' February 12, 2003. Retrieved on August 26, 2010.</ref> which refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros. Page and Brin write in their original paper on PageRank:<ref name="originalpaper">{{Cite journal|last1=Brin|first1=Sergey|author-link=Sergey Brin|last2=Page|first2=Lawrence|author-link2=Larry Page|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|citeseerx=10.1.1.115.5930|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X|issn=0169-7552|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004511/http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|archive-date=September 27, 2015|access-date=April 7, 2019}}</ref> "We chose our systems name, Google, because it is a common spelling of googol, or 10<sup>100</sup> and fits well with our goal of building very large-scale search engines." Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb "google" was added to the ''Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary'' and the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' in 2006, meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/business/14985574.htm|title=Dictionary adds verb: to google|work=San Jose Mercury News|last=Harris|first=Scott D.|date=July 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206065348/http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/business/14985574.htm|archive-date=February 6, 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=July 7, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bylund|first=Anders|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|title=To Google or Not to Google|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20060707062623/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|archive-date=July 7, 2006|work=[[The Motley Fool]]|via=[[MSNBC]]|date=July 5, 2006|access-date=July 7, 2006}}</ref> Google's [[mission statement]], from the outset, was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/03/larry-page-google-dont-be-evil-sergey-brin |title=Google has 'outgrown' its 14-year old mission statement, says Larry Page |last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |date=November 3, 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |accessdate=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326053031/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/03/larry-page-google-dont-be-evil-sergey-brin |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and its unofficial slogan is "[[Don't be evil]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abc.xyz/investor/other/google-code-of-conduct.html |title=Google Code of Conduct |date=April 11, 2012 |website=Alphabet Investor Relations |publisher=Alphabet Inc. |accessdate=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211223917/https://abc.xyz/investor/other/google-code-of-conduct.html |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2015, a related motto was adopted in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase: "Do the right thing".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/10/02/alphabet-do-the-right-thing/ |title=Alphabet replaces Google's 'Don't be evil' with 'Do the right thing' |last=Lawler |first=Richard |date=October 2, 2015 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |accessdate=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701225925/https://www.engadget.com/2015/10/02/alphabet-do-the-right-thing/ |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The original motto was retained in the code of conduct of Google, now a subsidiary of Alphabet.

The original [[Google logo]] was designed by Sergey Brin.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/happy-birthday-google--8267#photo-99345 |title=Happy Birthday Google! |accessdate=April 28, 2016 |publisher=ndtv.com |agency=NDTV Convergence Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407042748/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/happy-birthday-google--8267#photo-99345 |archive-date=April 7, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|1998|since=y|post=,}} Google has been designing special, temporary alternate logos to place on their homepage intended to celebrate holidays, events, achievements and people. The first [[Google Doodle]] was in honor of the [[Burning Man|Burning Man Festival]] of 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/doodle4google/history.html |title=Doodle 4 Google |date= |accessdate=April 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427143948/http://www.google.com/doodle4google/history.html |archive-date=April 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/doodles/burning-man-festival |title=Burning Man Festival |date=August 30, 1998 |accessdate=April 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425051111/https://www.google.com/doodles/burning-man-festival |archive-date=April 25, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The doodle was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed. Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey asked then-[[intern]] [[Dennis Hwang]] to design a logo for [[Bastille Day]] in 2000. From that point onward, Doodles have been organized and created by a team of employees termed "Doodlers".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/12/meet-people-behind-google-doodles-logo |title=Meet the people behind the Google Doodles |date=April 12, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=September 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006222909/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/12/meet-people-behind-google-doodles-logo |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google has a tradition of creating [[April Fools' Day]] jokes. Its first on April 1, 2000 was [[Google's hoaxes#2000|Google MentalPlex]] which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.<ref name="mentalplex">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/mentalplex/ |title=Google MentalPlex |date=April 1, 2000 |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921223048/http://www.google.com/mentalplex/ |archive-date=September 21, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called [[TiSP]], or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a [[optical fiber|fiber-optic]] cable down their toilet.<ref name="TiSP">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/tisp/ |title=Welcome to Google TiSP |date=April 1, 2007 |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709034300/http://www.google.com/tisp/ |archive-date=July 9, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google's services contain [[Easter egg (media)|easter eggs]], such as the [[Swedish Chef]]'s "Bork bork bork," [[Pig Latin]], "Hacker" or [[leet]]speak, [[Elmer Fudd]], [[International Talk Like a Pirate Day|Pirate]], and [[Klingon language|Klingon]] as language selections for its search engine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/language_tools |title=Language Tools |publisher=Google, Inc. |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT77QDRS?url=http://www.google.com/language_tools |archivedate=June 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |accessdate=July 4, 2010}}</ref> When searching for the word "[[anagram]]," meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words, Google's suggestion feature displays "Did you mean: nag a ram?"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=anagram |title=anagram search |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=September 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624205429/http://www.google.com/search?q=anagram |archive-date=June 24, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Workplace culture{{Anchor|Innovation Time Off|Employees}}===
[[File:Pride in London 2016 - Google participating in the parade.png|alt=|left|thumb|Google employees marching in the [[Pride in London]] parade in 2016]]
On ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine's list of the best companies to work for, Google ranked first in 2007, 2008 and 2012,<ref name="best_company">{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |date=January 22, 2007 |editor1-last=Serwer |editor1-first=Andrew |title=In good company |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/01/22/8398125/index.htm |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=94–6, 100, 102 passim |pmid=17256628 |accessdate=June 19, 2010 |editor1-link=Andrew Serwer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301175257/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/01/22/8398125/index.htm |archive-date=March 1, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |date=February 4, 2008 |editor1-last=Serwer |editor1-first=Andrew |title=The 2008 list |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2008/full_list/index.html |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=157 |issue=2 |accessdate=June 19, 2010 |editor1-link=Andrew Serwer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723223729/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2008/full_list/index.html |archive-date=July 23, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The 2012 list |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/2012/full_list/ |journal=Fortune Magazine |accessdate=February 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031135647/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/2012/full_list/ |archive-date=October 31, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and fourth in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |date=February 2, 2009 |editor1-last=Serwer |editor1-first=Andrew |title=The 2009 list |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=159 |issue=2 |accessdate=June 19, 2010 |editor1-link=Andrew Serwer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726042849/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html |archive-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |date=February 8, 2010 |editor1-last=Serwer |editor1-first=Andrew |title=The 2010 list |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=161 |issue=2 |accessdate=June 19, 2010 |editor1-link=Andrew Serwer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618125312/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ |archive-date=June 18, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the world's most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universumglobal.com/IDEAL-Employer-Rankings/Global-Top-50 |title=The World's Most Attractive Employers 2010 |date=September 28, 2010 |publisher=Universum Global |accessdate=October 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112131208/http://www.universumglobal.com/IDEAL-Employer-Rankings/Global-Top-50 |archive-date=November 12, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Google's corporate philosophy includes principles such as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html |title=Our Philosophy |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=June 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709041157/http://www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html |archive-date=July 9, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2018|12|31|alt=As of December 2018,}} Google has 98,771 employees.<ref name="EmployeesAsOf2018Q4" /> Google's {{as of|2017|6|29|alt=2017}} diversity report states that 31 percent of its workforce are women and 69 percent are men, with the ethnicity of its workforce being predominantly white (56%) and Asian (35%).<ref name="2017DiversityReport">{{cite blog |url=https://www.blog.google/topics/diversity/making-progress-diversity-and-inclusion/ |title=Making progress on diversity and inclusion |last=Naughton |first=Eileen |date=June 29, 2017 |department=Diversity |website=The Keyword |publisher=Google |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517170958/https://www.blog.google/topics/diversity/making-progress-diversity-and-inclusion/ |archive-date=May 17, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=May 17, 2018}}{{pb}}{{cite news |last=Yurieff |first=Kaya |date=June 29, 2017 |title=Google struggles to increase workforce diversity |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/29/technology/google-diversity-report/index.html |url-status=live |department=CNNTech |work=[[CNNMoney]] |publisher=[[Time Warner]] |location=New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517174524/https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/29/technology/google-diversity-report/index.html |archive-date=May 17, 2018 |access-date=May 17, 2018}}</ref> Within tech roles, however, 20 percent were women; and 25 percent of leadership roles were held by women.<ref name="2017DiversityReport" />

Google's employees are hired based on a hierarchical system. Employees are split into six hierarchies based on experience and can range "from entry-level data center workers at level one to managers and experienced engineers at level six."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/08/google-gender-pay-gap-spreadsheet-finds-men-paid-more-than-women.html |title=Google workers collected data showing their male colleagues make more than women |last=Wakabayashi |first=Daisuke |date=September 8, 2017 |work=CNBC |access-date=September 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095602/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/08/google-gender-pay-gap-spreadsheet-finds-men-paid-more-than-women.html |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy known as [[Innovation Time Off]], where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time on projects that interest them. Some of Google's services, such as Gmail, Google News, [[Orkut]], and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/jobs/21pre.html |title=The Google Way: Give Engineers Room |last1=Mediratta |first1=Bharat |last2=Bick |first2=Julie |date=October 21, 2007 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402201354/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/jobs/21pre.html |archive-date=April 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In a talk at Stanford University, [[Marissa Mayer]], Google's Vice-President of Search Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new product launches in the second half of 2005 had originated from the Innovation Time Off.<ref>{{Cite video |people=Mayer, Marissa (speaker) |date=June 30, 2006 |title=Marissa Mayer at Stanford University |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |medium=Seminar |publisher=Martin Lafrance |accessdate=June 20, 2010 |time=11:33 |quote=Fifty percent of what Google launched in the second half of 2005 actually got built out of 20% time. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816150501/http://www.youtube.com//watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |archive-date=August 16, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, articles in ''The New York Times''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/relax-bill-gates-its-googles-turn-as-the-villain.html |title=Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain |last=Rivlin |first=Gary |date=August 24, 2005 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403014314/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/relax-bill-gates-its-googles-turn-as-the-villain.html |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Utz, Richard |date=2013 |title=The Good Corporation? Google's Medievalism and Why It Matters |journal=Studies in Medievalism |volume=23 |pages=21–28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |title=Search giant may outgrow its fans |last1=Gibson |first1=Owen |date=August 25, 2005 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |last2=Wray |first2=Richard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517075346/http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |archive-date=May 17, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |title=Google&nbsp;– Don't Be Evil |last=Ranka |first=Mohit |date=May 17, 2007 |publisher=OSNews |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706224751/http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |archive-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer whose purpose was to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on.<ref name="CCO">{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |title=Google's culture czar |last=Mills |first=Elinor |date=April 30, 2007 |website=ZDNet |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031155723/http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |archivedate=October 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |accessdate=November 27, 2010}}</ref> Google has also faced allegations of [[sexism]] and [[ageism]] from former employees.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-hit-with-job-discrimination-lawsuit/2100-1030_3-5807158.html?tag=nl |title=Google hit with job discrimination lawsuit |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |date=July 27, 2005 |work=CNET |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |title=Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit |date=October 6, 2007 |website=ctv.ca |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011205140/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |archivedate=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |accessdate=January 22, 2017}}</ref> In 2013, a [[High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation|class action against]] several Silicon Valley companies, including Google, was filed for alleged "no cold call" agreements which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/judge-approves-first-payout-in-antitrust-wage-fixing-lawsuit/ |title=Judge approves first payout in antitrust wage-fixing lawsuit |last=Rosenblatt |first=Seth |date=May 16, 2014 |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202030937/https://www.cnet.com/news/judge-approves-first-payout-in-antitrust-wage-fixing-lawsuit/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Office locations{{Anchor|Office locations and headquarters}}===
{{Further|Googleplex}}
[[File:111 Eighth Avenue.jpg|alt=|thumb|Google's New York City office building houses its largest advertising sales team.]]
[[File:Google at 111 Richmond Street West in Toronto (cropped).jpg|thumb|Google's [[Toronto]] office.]]
Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as "the Googleplex", a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a ''complex'' of buildings. Internationally, Google has over 78 offices in more than 50 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/locations/?region=north-america |title=Google: Our Offices |last= |first= |date= |website= |access-date=April 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726014216/https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/locations/?region=north-america |archive-date=July 26, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, Google moved into about {{convert|300000|sqft|m2|-2}} of office space in New York City, at [[111 Eighth Avenue]] in Manhattan. The office was designed and built specially for Google, and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships.<ref>{{cite web |first=Marguerite |last=Reardon |title=Google takes a bigger bite of Big Apple |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-takes-a-bigger-bite-of-big-apple/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=October 11, 2006 |accessdate=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012171317/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-takes-a-bigger-bite-of-big-apple/ |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, Google bought the building housing the headquarter, in a deal that valued the property at around $1.9 billion.<ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Grant |title=Google to Buy New York Office Building |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704377004575651380545769418 |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company]] |date=December 3, 2010 |accessdate=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010041640/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704377004575651380545769418 |archive-date=October 10, 2016 |url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Sam |last=Gustin |title=Google buys giant New York building for $1.9 billion |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/12/google-nyc/ |journal=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast |date=December 22, 2010 |accessdate=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102101149/https://www.wired.com/2010/12/google-nyc/ |archive-date=January 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2018, Google's parent company Alphabet bought the nearby [[Chelsea Market]] building for $2.4 billion. The sale is touted as one of the most expensive real estate transactions for a single building in the history of New York.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-03-google-nyc-chelsea-bn.html |title=Google buys NYC's Chelsea Market building for $2.4 bn |access-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184159/https://phys.org/news/2018-03-google-nyc-chelsea-bn.html |archive-date=June 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/20/google-bought-manhattans-chelsea-market-building-for-2-4-billion/ |title=Google bought Manhattan's Chelsea Market building for $2.4 billion – TechCrunch |website=techcrunch.com |language=en-US |access-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608214250/https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/20/google-bought-manhattans-chelsea-market-building-for-2-4-billion/ |archive-date=June 8, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-new-york-property-google-chelseamarke/google-closes-2-4-billion-chelsea-market-deal-to-expand-new-york-campus-idUSKBN1GW35U |title=Google closes $2.4 billion Chelsea Market deal to expand New York... |last=Editorial |first=Reuters |work=U.S. |access-date=June 1, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527003159/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-new-york-property-google-chelseamarke/google-closes-2-4-billion-chelsea-market-deal-to-expand-new-york-campus-idUSKBN1GW35U |archive-date=May 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://uk.pcmag.com/news/93278/report-alphabet-is-buying-chelsea-market-for-over-2b |title=Report: Alphabet Is Buying Chelsea Market for Over $2B |date=February 9, 2018 |work=PCMag UK |access-date=June 1, 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613210609/http://uk.pcmag.com/news/93278/report-alphabet-is-buying-chelsea-market-for-over-2b |archive-date=June 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2018, Google announced its plan to expand its New York City office to a capacity of 12,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-plans-large-new-york-city-expansion-1541636579 |title=Google Plans Large New York City Expansion |last=Grant |first=Douglas MacMillan, Eliot Brown and Peter |work=WSJ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108182715/https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-plans-large-new-york-city-expansion-1541636579 |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The same December, it was announced that a $1 billion, {{convert|1,700,000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} headquarters for Google would be built in Manhattan's [[Hudson Square]] neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google To Build New $1 Billion Campus In NYC |website=CBS New York |date=December 17, 2018 |url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2018/12/17/google-to-build-new-1-billion-campus-in-nyc/ |access-date=December 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217165433/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2018/12/17/google-to-build-new-1-billion-campus-in-nyc/ |archive-date=December 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |title=Google announces a new $1 billion NYC campus in Hudson Square |website=The Verge |date=December 17, 2018 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/17/18144448/google-nyc-campus-hudson-square-location-cost-open-date |access-date=December 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217203157/https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/17/18144448/google-nyc-campus-hudson-square-location-cost-open-date |archive-date=December 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Called Google Hudson Square, the new campus is projected to more than double the number of Google employees working in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/17/677450467/google-will-spend-1-billion-for-new-york-city-campus-on-hudson-river |title=Google Will Spend $1 Billion For New York City Campus On Hudson River |website=NPR.org |language=en |access-date=December 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217211911/https://www.npr.org/2018/12/17/677450467/google-will-spend-1-billion-for-new-york-city-campus-on-hudson-river |archive-date=December 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

By late 2006, Google established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Mary Hayes |last=Weier |title=Inside Google's Michigan Office |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202600809 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503233009/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202600809 |website=InformationWeek |publisher=UBM plc |date=October 24, 2007 |archivedate=May 3, 2008 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In November 2006, Google opened offices on [[Carnegie Mellon]]'s campus in [[Pittsburgh]], focusing on shopping-related advertisement coding and [[smartphone applications]] and programs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/technology/10346550/detail.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hGpTE0LB?url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/technology/10346550/detail.html |archivedate=June 4, 2009 |title=Google Completes Pittsburgh Office, Holds Open House |date=November 17, 2006 |accessdate=January 13, 2008 |publisher=[[WTAE TV|WTAE]] |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_712700.html |title=Google search: Tech-minded workers |last=Olson |first=Thomas |date=December 8, 2010 |publisher=[[Trib Total Media]] |accessdate=December 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603080308/http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_712700.html |archive-date=June 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other office locations in the U.S. include [[Atlanta, Georgia]]; [[Austin, Texas]]; [[Boulder, Colorado]]; [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]; [[San Francisco]], California; [[Seattle, Washington]]; [[Kirkland, Washington]]; [[Birmingham, Michigan]]; [[Reston, Virginia]], and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/locations/ |title=Google locations |access-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815024220/https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/locations/ |archive-date=August 15, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Google Headquarters in Ireland Building Sign.jpg|thumb|Google's Dublin Ireland office, headquarters of Google Ads for Europe]]
It also has product research and development operations in cities around the world, namely [[Sydney]] (birthplace location of Google Maps)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sydney |url=https://careers.google.com/locations/sydney/ |website=Google Careers |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505110757/https://careers.google.com/locations/sydney/ |archive-date=May 5, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and London (part of Android development).<ref>{{cite web |title=London |url=https://careers.google.com/locations/london/ |website=Google Careers |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214074855/https://careers.google.com/locations/london/ |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2013, Google announced plans for a new London headquarter, a 1 million square foot office able to accommodate 4,500 employees. Recognized as one of the biggest ever commercial property acquisitions at the time of the deal's announcement in January,<ref>{{cite web |first=Leo |last=Mirani |title=Inside Google's new 1-million-square-foot London office—three years before it's ready |url=https://qz.com/139794/inside-googles-new-1-million-square-foot-london-office-three-years-before-its-ready/ |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |publisher=[[Atlantic Media]] |date=November 1, 2013 |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025208/https://qz.com/139794/inside-googles-new-1-million-square-foot-london-office-three-years-before-its-ready/ |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google submitted plans for the new headquarter to the [[Camden London Borough Council|Camden Council]] in June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Google's new London HQ is a 'landscraper' with a rooftop garden |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/1/15723642/google-london-office-pictures-headquarters-kings-cross |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603164958/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/1/15723642/google-london-office-pictures-headquarters-kings-cross |archive-date=June 3, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Brian |title=Google's 'innovative' new London HQ features giant moving blinds |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/01/google-london-kings-cross-hq-plans-photos/ |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=June 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604003356/https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/01/google-london-kings-cross-hq-plans-photos/ |archive-date=June 4, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2015, Google announced its intention to create its own campus in [[Hyderabad]], India. The new campus, reported to be the company's largest outside the United States, will accommodate 13,000 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google to build biggest campus outside US in Hyderabad |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/google-to-build-biggest-campus-outside-us-in-hyderabad/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=May 12, 2015 |accessdate=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118040601/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/google-to-build-biggest-campus-outside-us-in-hyderabad/ |archive-date=November 18, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google's upcoming campus in Hyderabad to be its biggest outside the US |url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/googles-upcoming-campus-in-hyderabad-to-be-its-biggest-outside-the-us-267059.html |website=[[Firstpost]] |publisher=[[Network 18]] |date=May 13, 2015 |accessdate=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118003932/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/googles-upcoming-campus-in-hyderabad-to-be-its-biggest-outside-the-us-267059.html |archive-date=November 18, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
{{Further|Google data centers}}

[[Google data centers]] are located in North and South America, Asia, and Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/index.html |title=Data center locations |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517162154/https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/index.html |archive-date=May 17, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=May 17, 2018}}</ref> There is no official data on the number of [[Server (computing)|servers]] in Google data centers; however, research and advisory firm [[Gartner]] estimated in a July 2016 report that Google at the time had 2.5 million servers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2017/03/16/google-data-center-faq |title=How Many Servers Does Google Have? |website=Data Center Knowledge |accessdate=September 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217073018/https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2017/03/16/google-data-center-faq |archive-date=February 17, 2019 |url-status=live|date=March 16, 2017 }}</ref> Traditionally, Google relied on [[parallel computing]] on commodity hardware like mainstream x86 computers (similar to home PCs) to keep costs per query low.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://research.google.com/archive/googlecluster-ieee.pdf |title=Google's Secret: 'Cheap and Fast' Hardware |date=October 10, 2003 |website=PCWorld |accessdate=May 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214182753/http://research.google.com/archive/googlecluster-ieee.pdf |archive-date=December 14, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barroso |first1=L.A. |last2=Dean |first2=J. |last3=Holzle |first3=U. |s2cid=15886858 |date=April 29, 2003 |title=Web search for a planet: the google cluster architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=22–28 |doi=10.1109/mm.2003.1196112 |issn=0272-1732 |quote=We believe that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable commodity PCs.}}</ref><ref name="CNET2009">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-uncloaks-once-secret-server-10209580/ |title=Google uncloaks once-secret server |date=April 1, 2009 |newspaper=CNET |accessdate=May 26, 2018 |quote=Mainstream servers with x86 processors were the only option, he added. "Ten years ago...it was clear the only way to make (search) work as free product was to run on relatively cheap hardware. You can't run it on a [[mainframe server|mainframe]]. The margins just don't work out," he said. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606105133/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-uncloaks-once-secret-server-10209580/ |archive-date=June 6, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, it started developing its own designs, which were only revealed in 2009.<ref name="CNET2009" />

In the late 2010s, Google began to build its own private [[submarine communications cable]]s. The first, named Curie, connects California with [[Chile]] and is to be completed in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/06/google-and-other-tech-giants-are-quietly-buying-up-the-most-important-part-of-the-internet/ |title=Google and other tech giants are quietly buying up the most important part of the internet |date=April 6, 2019 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |access-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425024849/https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/06/google-and-other-tech-giants-are-quietly-buying-up-the-most-important-part-of-the-internet/ |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The second fully Google-owned undersea cable, named Dunant, connects the United States with France and is planned to begin operation in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/24/how-google-is-building-its-huge-subsea-cable-infrastructure/ |title=How Google is building its huge subsea cable infrastructure |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=April 24, 2019 |website=VentureBeat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425163121/https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/24/how-google-is-building-its-huge-subsea-cable-infrastructure/ |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref>

=== Environment ===
In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of [[solar panel]]s to provide up to 1.6&nbsp;mega[[watt]]s of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.<ref name="solar">{{cite web |url=http://www.post1.net/lowem/entry/google_plans_to_build_huge |title=Google plans to build huge solar energy system for headquarters |last=Richmond |first=Riva |date=October 17, 2006 |website=post1.net |publisher=[[MarketWatch]] |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160519010259/http://www.post1.net/lowem/entry/google_plans_to_build_huge |archivedate=May 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=October 17, 2006}}</ref> The system will be the largest [[Rooftop photovoltaic power station|solar power system]] constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.<ref name="solar" /> {{As of|2007|since=y|post=,}} Google has aimed for [[carbon neutrality]] in regard to its operations.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jack |last=McGrath |title=Google's Green Initiative: Environmentally Conscious Technology |url=http://www.technobuffalo.com/2011/05/18/googles-green-initiative-environmentally-conscious-technology/ |publisher=TechnoBuffalo |date=May 18, 2011 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012172247/http://www.technobuffalo.com/2011/05/18/googles-green-initiative-environmentally-conscious-technology/ |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google disclosed in September 2011 that it "continuously uses enough electricity to power 200,000 homes", almost 260 million watts or about a quarter of the output of a nuclear power plant. Total carbon emissions for 2010 were just under 1.5 million metric tons, mostly due to fossil fuels that provide electricity for the data centers. Google said that 25 percent of its energy was supplied by renewable fuels in 2010. An average search uses only 0.3 watt-hours of electricity, so all global searches are only 12.5 million watts or 5% of the total electricity consumption by Google.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Glanz |title=Google Details, and Defends, Its Use of Electricity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html |website=The New York Times |date=September 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053616/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, [[Google Energy]] made its first investment in a [[renewable energy]] project, putting $38.8&nbsp;million into two [[wind farm]]s in [[North Dakota]]. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5&nbsp;megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704342604575222420304732394 |title=Google Invests in Two Wind Farms |last1=Morrison |first1=Scott |date=May 4, 2010 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |last2=Sweet |first2=Cassandra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213232857/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704342604575222420304732394 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2010, the [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10456435-54.html |title=Google Energy can now buy and sell energy |work=Cnet.com |access-date=September 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919091407/http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10456435-54.html |archive-date=September 19, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced it would purchase all the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://qz.com/125407/google-is-on-the-way-to-quietly-becoming-an-electric-utility/ |title=Google is on the way to quietly becoming an electric utility |author=Todd Woody |date=September 18, 2013 |newspaper=Quartz |accessdate=September 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921050811/http://qz.com/125407/google-is-on-the-way-to-quietly-becoming-an-electric-utility/ |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years.<ref name="wind energy">{{cite web |url=http://news.techworld.com/green-it/3232690/google-buys-power-from-iowa-wind-farm/?olo=rss |title=Google buys power from Iowa wind farm |date=July 21, 2010 |website=News.techworld.com |accessdate=October 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XgHPv9?url=http://news.techworld.com/green-it/3232690/google-buys-power-from-iowa-wind-farm/?olo=rss |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2016, Google announced that—starting in 2017—it will power all of its data centers, as well as all of its offices, from 100% renewable energy. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2,600 megawatts) of wind and solar energy". Google also stated that it does not count that as its final goal; it says that "since the wind doesn't blow 24 hours a day, we'll also broaden our purchases to a variety of energy sources that can enable renewable power, every hour of every day". Additionally, the project will "help support communities" around the world, as the purchase commitments will "result in infrastructure investments of more than $3.5 billion globally", and will "generate tens of millions of dollars per year in revenue to local property owners, and tens of millions more to local and national governments in tax revenue".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.google/topics/environment/100-percent-renewable-energy/ |title=We're set to reach 100% renewable energy — and it's just the beginning |last=Hölzle |first=Urs |date=December 6, 2016 |website=The Keyword Google Blog |accessdate=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208102229/https://www.blog.google/topics/environment/100-percent-renewable-energy/ |archive-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13852004/google-data-center-oklahoma-renewable-energy-climate-change |title=Google just notched a big victory in the fight against climate change |last=Statt |first=Nick |date=December 6, 2016 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208001307/http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13852004/google-data-center-oklahoma-renewable-energy-climate-change |archive-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/06/google-says-it-will-hit-100-renewable-energy-by-2017/ |title=Google says it will hit 100% renewable energy by 2017 |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |date=December 7, 2016 |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |accessdate=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207164915/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/06/google-says-it-will-hit-100-renewable-energy-by-2017/ |archive-date=December 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2017, Google bought 536 megawatts of wind power. The purchase made the firm reach 100% renewable energy. The wind energy comes from two power plants in South Dakota, one in Iowa and one in Oklahoma.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://fortune.com/2017/12/01/google-clean-energy/ |title=Google Just Bought Enough Wind Power to Run 100% On Renewable Energy |date=November 30, 2017 |last=Donnelly |first=Grace |work=Fortune |access-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201172833/http://fortune.com/2017/12/01/google-clean-energy/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2019, Google's chief executive announced plans for a $2 billion wind and solar investment, the biggest renewable energy deal in corporate history. This will grow their green energy profile by 40%, giving them an extra 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the company said.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/20/google-says-its-energy-deals-will-lead-to-2bn-wind-and-solar-investment|title=Google signs up to $2bn wind and solar investment|last=correspondent|first=Jillian Ambrose Energy|date=2019-09-20|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-09-25|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Google donates to politicians who deny climate change including [[Jim Inhofe]] as well as sponsoring climate change denial political groups including the [[State Policy Network]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://popular.info/p/these-corporations-are-quietly-bankrolling|title=These corporations are quietly bankrolling Congress' top climate denier|last=Legum|first=Judd|website=popular.info|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/11/google-contributions-climate-change-deniers|title=Revealed: Google made large contributions to climate change deniers|date=2019-10-11|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-02-07|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/11/obscure-law-google-climate-deniers-section-230|title=The obscure law that explains why Google backs climate deniers|date=2019-10-11|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-02-07|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
{{Main|Google.org}}

In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic [[Google.org]], with a start-up fund of $1&nbsp;billion.<ref name="philanthropy">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.org/about.html |title=About the Foundation |publisher=Google, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714080922/http://www.google.org/about.html |archivedate=July 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |accessdate=July 16, 2010}}</ref> The mission of the organization is to create awareness about [[climate change]], global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable [[plug-in hybrid]] [[electric vehicle]] that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired [[Larry Brilliant]] as the program's executive director in 2004<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/technology/14google.html |title=Philanthropy Google's Way: Not the Usual |last=Hafner |first=Katie |date=September 14, 2006 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723065526/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/technology/14google.html |archive-date=July 23, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Megan Smith has {{as of|2009|2|23|alt=since}} replaced him as director.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/technology/companies/24google.html |title=Google Chief for Charity Steps Down on Revamp |last=Helft |first=Miguel |date=February 23, 2009 |website=The New York Times |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422112540/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/technology/companies/24google.html |archive-date=April 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, Google announced its "project 10<sup>100</sup>" which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.project10tothe100.com/ |title=Project 10 to the 100th |publisher=Google, Inc. |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT8OddCZ?url=http://www.project10tothe100.com/ |archivedate=June 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |accessdate=July 16, 2010}}</ref> After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/06/google-struggles-to-give-away-10-million/ |title=Google Struggles to Give Away $10&nbsp;million |last=Van Burskirk |first=Elliot |date=June 28, 2010 |work=Wired |accessdate=September 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831172215/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/06/google-struggles-to-give-away-10-million/ |archive-date=August 31, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/10-million-for-project-10100-winners.html |title=$10&nbsp;million for Project 10^100 winners |last=Twohill |first=Lorraine |date=September 24, 2010 |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=September 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926020623/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/10-million-for-project-10100-winners.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2007, in partnership with the [[Mathematical Sciences Research Institute]] (MSRI), Google hosted the first [[Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival]] at its headquarters in Mountain View.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDL7yoz1TGQ The 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120090220/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDL7yoz1TGQ|date=November 20, 2018}} Julia Robinson Mathematics Festivalat Google was the founding of this event for middle school and high school students. video</ref> In 2011, Google donated 1&nbsp;million euros to [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads (2011–2015).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2376099,00.asp |title=Mathletes Receive €1M Donation from Google |last=Duffy |first=Jill |date=January 21, 2011 |website=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |accessdate=March 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323234649/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2376099,00.asp |archive-date=March 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imo2011.nl/node/39 |title=Google donating 1&nbsp;million euros to IMO |date=January 20, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154518/https://www.imo2011.nl/node/39 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |accessdate=February 4, 2011}}</ref> In July 2012, Google launched a "[[Legalize Love]]" campaign in support of [[gay rights]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/07/08/google-launches-legalise-love-gay-rights-campaign/ |title=Google launches 'Legalise Love' gay rights campaign |website=PinkNews.co.uk |accessdate=September 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819044558/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/07/08/google-launches-legalise-love-gay-rights-campaign/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live|date=July 8, 2012 }}</ref>

== Criticism and controversy ==
{{main|Criticism of Google|Censorship by Google|Privacy concerns regarding Google}}{{summarize|from|Criticism of Google|better=y|section=y|date=April 2019}}

[[File:Google bus protest.jpg|thumb|San Francisco activists [[San Francisco tech bus protests|protest privately owned shuttle buses]] that transport workers for tech companies such as Google from their homes in San Francisco and Oakland to corporate campuses in Silicon Valley.]]
Google's market dominance has led to prominent media coverage, including criticism of the company over issues such as [[Google tax avoidance|aggressive tax avoidance]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Jesse |last=Drucker |title=Google 2.4% Rate Shows How $60 Billion Is Lost to Tax Loopholes |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-10-21/google-2-4-rate-shows-how-60-billion-u-s-revenue-lost-to-tax-loopholes |website=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=October 21, 2010 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922035532/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-10-21/google-2-4-rate-shows-how-60-billion-u-s-revenue-lost-to-tax-loopholes |archive-date=September 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> search neutrality, copyright, censorship of search results and content,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/magazine/the-case-against-google.html |title=The Case Against Google |website=nytimes.com |date=February 20, 2018 |accessdate=March 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319192049/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/magazine/the-case-against-google.html |archive-date=March 19, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Google privacy|privacy]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm |work=BBC News |title=Google ranked 'worst' on privacy |date=June 11, 2007 |accessdate=April 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbPRqrU?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jeffrey |last=Rosen |title=Google's Gatekeepers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html |website=The New York Times |date=November 28, 2008 |accessdate=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228140546/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html |archive-date=February 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other criticisms include alleged misuse and manipulation of search results, its use of others' [[intellectual property]], concerns that its [[Data collection|compilation of data]] may violate people's [[Internet privacy|privacy]], and the [[energy consumption]] of its servers, as well as concerns over traditional business issues such as [[monopoly]], [[restraint of trade]], [[anti-competitive practices]], and [[patent infringement]].

Google formerly adhered to the [[Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China|Internet censorship policies of China]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4645596.stm |title=Google censors itself for China |date=January 25, 2006 |work=BBC News |access-date=August 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119073206/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4645596.stm |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> enforced by means of filters colloquially known as "The [[Great Firewall of China]]", but no longer does so. As a result, all Google services except for Chinese Google Maps are blocked from access within mainland China without the aid of VPNs, proxy servers, or other similar technologies. ''The Intercept'' reported in August 2018 that Google is developing for the People's Republic of China a censored version of its search engine (known as Dragonfly) "that will blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest".<ref>{{cite news |title=Google Plans to Launch Censored Search Engine in China, Leaked Documents Reveal · Ryan Gallagher |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/ |work=The Intercept |date=August 1, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801120009/https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/ |archive-date=August 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Disis |first=Jill |title=Google grilled over 'Project Dragonfly' at Senate hearing on data privacy |date=September 26, 2018 |newspaper=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/09/26/technology/google-dragonfly-senate-hearing/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926222719/https://money.cnn.com/2018/09/26/technology/google-dragonfly-senate-hearing/index.html |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the project had been withheld due to privacy concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/12/17/google-china-censored-search-engine-2/ |title=Google's Secret China Project "Effectively Ended" After Internal Confrontation |last=Gallagher |first=Ryan |date=December 17, 2018 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US |access-date=December 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321020856/https://theintercept.com/2018/12/17/google-china-censored-search-engine-2/ |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Following media reports about [[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM]], NSA's massive electronic [[Mass surveillance|surveillance program]], in June 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Google.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward Snowden: Leaks that exposed US spy programme |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964 |website=BBC News |date=January 17, 2014 |accessdate=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320171345/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to leaks of said program, Google joined the PRISM program in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Glenn |last1=Greenwald |first2=Ewen |last2=MacAskill |title=NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian Media Group |date=June 7, 2013 |accessdate=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818114650/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data |archive-date=August 18, 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Google has worked with the [[United States Department of Defense]] on drone software through the 2017 "Project Maven" that could be used to improve the accuracy of [[drone strike]]s.<ref>"[https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/google-should-not-be-in-the-business-of-war-googlers-decry-pentagon-project/ Google employees revolt, say company should shut down military drone project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141509/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/google-should-not-be-in-the-business-of-war-googlers-decry-pentagon-project/|date=April 8, 2018}}". ''Ars Technica''. April 4, 2018.</ref> Thousands of Google employees, including senior engineers, have signed a letter urging Google CEO Sundar Pichai to end a controversial contract with the Pentagon.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/google-protest-pentagon-drones-programme-company-sundar-pichai-department-of-defense-a8290111.html Google staff protest company's involvement with Pentagon drones programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409174803/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/google-protest-pentagon-drones-programme-company-sundar-pichai-department-of-defense-a8290111.html |date=April 9, 2018 }}". ''The Independent''. April 4, 2018.</ref> In response to the backlash, Google ultimately decided to not renew their DoD contract, set to expire in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Wakabayashi, Daisuke |author2=Shane, Scott |title=Google Will Not Renew Pentagon Contract That Upset Employees |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/01/technology/google-pentagon-project-maven.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times Company |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016004020/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/01/technology/google-pentagon-project-maven.html |archive-date=October 16, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Shona Ghosh, a journalist for Business Insider, noted that an increasing digital [[resistance movement]] against Google has grown. A major hub for critics of Google in order to organize to abstain from using Google products is the [[Reddit]] page for the [[subreddit]] /r/degoogle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/profile-reddit-de-google-community-2019-3 |title=Thousands of Reddit users are trying to delete Google from their lives, but they're finding it impossible because Google is everywhere |access-date=April 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325123426/https://www.businessinsider.com/profile-reddit-de-google-community-2019-3/ |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |url-status=live|date=March 23, 2019 }}</ref>

In July 2018, Mozilla Program Manager Chris Peterson accused Google of intentionally slowing down YouTube performance on Firefox.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/362696/mozilla-developer-claims-google-is-slowing-youtube-on-firefo|title=Mozilla Developer Claims Google Is Slowing YouTube on Firefox|last1=Kan|first1=By Michael|last2=July 25|first2=2018 12:39PM EST|website=PCMAG|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13|last3=July 25|first3=2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813134744/https://www.pcmag.com/news/362696/mozilla-developer-claims-google-is-slowing-youtube-on-firefo|archive-date=August 13, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2019 former [[Mozilla]] executive Jonathan Nightingale accused Google of intentionally and systematically sabotaging the [[Firefox]] browser over the past decade in order to boost Chrome's adoption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/former-mozilla-exec-google-has-sabotaged-firefox-for-years/|title=Former Mozilla exec: Google has sabotaged Firefox for years|last=Cimpanu|first=Catalin|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819235446/https://www.zdnet.com/article/former-mozilla-exec-google-has-sabotaged-firefox-for-years/|archive-date=August 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2019, the Office for Civil Rights of the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] began investigation into [[Project Nightingale]], to assess whether the "mass collection of individuals’ medical records" complied with [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-googles-project-nightingale-a-health-data-gold-mine-of-50-million-patients-11573571867|title=Google's 'Project Nightingale' Triggers Federal Inquiry|last1=Copeland|first1=Rob|date=November 12, 2019|accessdate=November 18, 2019}}</ref> According to ''The Wall Street Journal'', Google commenced the project in secret, in 2018, with [[St. Louis]]-based [[healthcare]] company [[Ascension (company)|Ascension]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-s-secret-project-nightingale-gathers-personal-health-data-on-millions-of-americans-11573496790|title=Google's 'Project Nightingale' Gathers Personal Health Data on Millions of Americans|last1=Copeland|first1=Rob|date=November 11, 2019|accessdate=November 17, 2019}}</ref>

=== Litigation ===
{{main|Google litigation}}

Google has been involved in a number of lawsuits including the High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation which resulted in Google being one of four companies to pay a $415 million settlement to employees.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rosenblatt |first=Joel |title=Apple-Google $415 Million No-Poaching Accord Wins Approval |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-02/tech-no-poaching-settlement-gets-judge-s-preliminary-approval |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=March 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130214110/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-02/tech-no-poaching-settlement-gets-judge-s-preliminary-approval |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On June 27, 2017, the company received a record fine of {{€|2.42 billion|link=yes}} from the [[European Union]] for "promoting its own shopping comparison service at the top of search results."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-40406542 |title=Google hit with record EU fine over Shopping service |first=Leo |last=Kelion |date=June 27, 2017 |publisher=bbc.co.uk |accessdate=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627100311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-40406542 |archive-date=June 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Commenting on the penalty, ''[[New Scientist]]'' magazine said: "The hefty sum – the largest ever doled out by the EU's competition regulators – will sting in the short term, but Google can handle it. Alphabet, Google’s parent company, made a profit of $2.5 billion (€2.2 billion) in the first six weeks of 2017 alone. The real impact of the ruling is that Google must stop using its dominance as a search engine to give itself the edge in another market: online price comparisons." The company disputed the ruling.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139097-googles-e2-4bn-fine-is-small-change-the-eu-has-bigger-plans/ |title=Google's €2.4bn fine is small change – the EU has bigger plans |publisher=newscientist.com |accessdate=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190124095546/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139097-googles-e2-4bn-fine-is-small-change-the-eu-has-bigger-plans/ |archive-date=January 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The hearing at the General Court of Luxembourg was scheduled for 2020. The court is going to deliver the ultimate judgment by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51462397?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology&link_location=live-reporting-story|title=Google starts appeal against £2bn shopping fine|last=|first=|date=12 February 2020|website=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

On July 18, 2018,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-685_hr.htm |title=Antitrust: Commission fines Google €4.34 billion for illegal practices regarding Android mobile devices to strengthen dominance of Google's search engine |location=Bruxelles |date=July 18, 2018 |website=European Commission |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180718112553/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-4581_en.htm |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[European Commissioner for Competition|European Commission]] fined Google €4.34 billion for breaching EU antitrust rules. The abuse of dominant position has been referred to Google's constraint applied on Android device manufacturers and network operators to ensure that traffic on Android devices goes to the Google search engine. On October 9, 2018, Google confirmed<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/f9797e4935c1464f8f6010793ded7c1d |title=Google appeals $5 billion EU fine in Android antitrust case |website=[[APNews.com]] |date=October 10, 2018 |language=en |location=Bruxelles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010101238/https://apnews.com/f9797e4935c1464f8f6010793ded7c1d |archive-date=October 10, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> that it had appealed the fine to the [[General Court (European Union)|General Court]] of the European Union.<ref>{{cite news |author=Foo Yun Chee |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-alphabet-inc-antitrust/google-challenges-record-5-billion-eu-antitrust-fine-idUSKCN1MJ2CA |title=Google challenges record $5 billion EU antitrust fine |date=May 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222061539/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-google-dataprotection/european-court-says-google-must-respect-right-to-be-forgotten-idUSBREA4C07120140513 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |url-status=live|newspaper=Reuters }}</ref>

On January 21, 2019, French data regulator [[CNIL]] imposed a record €50 million fine on Google for breaching the European Union's [[General Data Protection Regulation]]. The judgment claimed Google had failed to sufficiently inform users of its methods for collecting data to personalize advertising. Google issued a statement saying it was “deeply committed” to transparency and was “studying the decision” before determining its response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fox |first=Chris |title=Google hit with £44m GDPR fine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-46944696 |website=BBC |accessdate=January 22, 2019 |date=January 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121231240/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-46944696 |archive-date=January 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 20, 2019, the European Commission imposed a €1.49 billion ($1.69 billion) fine on Google for preventing rivals from being able to “compete and innovate fairly” in the online advertising market.<ref>{{cite web |title=Europe hits Google with a third, $1.7 billion antitrust fine |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/20/tech/google-eu-antitrust/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320133734/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/20/tech/google-eu-antitrust/index.html |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> European Union competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager said Google had violated EU antitrust rules by “imposing anti-competitive contractual restrictions on third-party websites” that required them to exclude search results from Google's rivals. Kent Walker, Google's senior vice-president of global affairs, said the company had “already made a wide range of changes to our products to address the Commission’s concerns,” and that "we'll be making further updates to give more visibility to rivals in Europe."<ref>{{cite web |last=Reid |first=David |title=EU regulators hit Google with $1.7 billion fine for blocking ad rivals |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/eu-vestager-hits-google-with-fine-for.html |website=CNBC.com |accessdate=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320155204/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/eu-vestager-hits-google-with-fine-for.html |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 25, 2019, presidential hopeful [[Tulsi Gabbard]] sued Google for blocking her ads after the presidential debate when she became one of the most searched items on the search engine.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/454746-tulsi-gabbard-sues-google-over-censorship-claims | title=Tulsi Gabbard sues Google over censorship claims| date=2019-07-25}}</ref>

===DeGoogle movement===
{{main| DeGoogle}}
The term "[[DeGoogle]]" has grown in use as [[privacy]] activists urge users to stop using Google products entirely due to growing privacy concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/profile-reddit-de-google-community-2019-3|title=Thousands of Reddit users are trying to delete Google from their lives, but they're finding it impossible because Google is everywhere|date=2019-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/i-cut-google-out-of-my-life-it-screwed-up-everything-1830565500|title=I Cut Google Out Of My Life. It Screwed Up Everything}}</ref> The term refers to the act of removing Google from your life.

==See also==
* [[Outline of Google]]
* [[History of Google]]
* List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
* List of Google products
* [[Google China]]
* Google logo
* [[Googlization]]
* Google.org
* [[Google ATAP]]
{{Portal bar|Internet|Companies|San Francisco Bay Area|Technology|Computer programming}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |title=The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything |last=Saylor |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael J. Saylor |year=2012 |publisher=Perseus Books/Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1593157203 |ref=none}}

== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|n=Category:Google|s=no|b=Google Services And Products|voy=no|species=no|d=Q95|m=Google}}
* {{Official website}}
** [https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/management Corporate homepage]
* {{Cite web |url=http://google.stanford.edu/ |title=Google website |access-date=September 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/ |archive-date=November 11, 1998 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite journal |last=Carr |first=David F. |title=How Google Works |journal=Baseline Magazine |volume=6 |issue=6 |year=2006 |url=http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Infrastructure/How-Google-Works-1 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Crunchbase|google|Google}}
* {{OpenCorp|Google|Google}}
{{Finance links
|name = Google, Inc.
|symbol = GOOG
|bloomberg = GOOG:US
|reuters = GOOG.OQ
|sec_cik = 1288776
|nasdaq = GOOG
|hoovers = Google_Inc.fb3f79c4d1791506
}}
{{Google LLC|corporate=yes|products=yes}}
{{Alphabet Inc.}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{Google Lunar X Prize}}
{{Major mobile device companies}}
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{{Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities}}
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