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{{Short description|Church in Oak Park, Illinois}}
{{About|the Unitarian temple in Oak Park|the religious organization founded in 1889|Unity Church|other temples|Unity (disambiguation)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Unity Temple
| image = File:Oak Park Il Unity Temple8.jpg
| caption =
| location = 875 [[Lake Street (Chicago)|Lake Street]]<br />[[Oak Park, Illinois]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|type:landmark_region:US-IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = Chicago#Illinois#USA
| built = 1905–1908
| architect = [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
| architecture = [[Prairie style]]; [[Modern architecture|Modern]]
| visitors_num =
| visitors_year =
| area = {{cvt|0.5|acre}}
| governing_body = Private
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_partof = [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright]]
| designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2019 (43rd session)|2019]] (43rd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)}}(ii)
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 1496-001]
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in North America|North America]]
| designation2 = NRHP
| designation2_date = April 17, 1970<ref name="nris" />
| designation2_number = [https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/70000240 70000240]<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a }}</ref>
| designation3 = NHL
| designation3_date = December 30, 1970<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=920&ResourceType=Building |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030831030514/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=920&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 31, 2003 |title=Unity Temple |access-date=July 22, 2008 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service }}</ref>
}}

'''Unity Temple''' is a [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarian Universalist]] church building that houses the '''Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation''' at 875 [[Lake Street (Chicago)|Lake Street]] in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], United States. The structure, designed by the architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] in the [[Prairie style]], is cited as an early example of [[modern architecture]].<ref name="The Manchester Guardian 1939" /> The building consists of an auditorium to the north and a church house called Unity House to the south. The two sections, and an entrance pavilion between them, are made of [[reinforced concrete]].

The [[Church (congregation)|congregation]] was formed as the '''Unity Church of Oak Park''' in 1871. It originally occupied a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] building and went through several pastors in its first two decades. Rodney Johonnot, who became the senior pastor in 1892, began planning a replacement structure in the early 1900s. After the original church burned down in 1905, the board of trustees selected a site on Lake Street and hired Wright to design a new building, Unity Temple. Wright's plans were approved in 1906 after much debate, and construction began on May 15 of that year. After various delays, Unity House opened in September 1907, and the auditorium was finished in October 1908; the church was dedicated on September 26, 1909. Over the years, the temple attracted visitors from around the U.S. and the world. The church was restored in the 1960s, and it gradually underwent further upgrades from the 1970s to the 2000s. Unity Temple was completely refurbished from 2015 to 2017.

The temple is decorated with abstract motifs instead of overtly religious imagery. The facade is made of [[Portland cement]], which has been washed away to expose the gravel underneath; there are recessed [[clerestory]] windows near the top. Unlike contemporary churches, Unity Temple was designed without a spire; instead, the roof consists of multiple flat, overhanging concrete slabs. The auditorium is shaped like a [[Greek cross]], with stair towers at each corner. It has two levels of seating surrounding a central [[pulpit]], in addition to clerestories and [[skylight]]s. Unity House has skylights and two balconies.

Unity Temple has received extensive architectural commentary over the years, and it has been the subject of many media works, including books and museum exhibits. Its design is credited with having helped inspire multiple architects. Unity Temple is designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]] and is part of [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright]], a [[World Heritage Site]].

==Early history==
Eleven members of the Union Church—a [[liberal Protestant]] congregation in [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]], a village in the suburbs of [[Chicago]], Illinois—met on January 25, 1871, to discuss the formation of a new congregation.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=6 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves p. 100">{{harvnb|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907|ps=.|page=100 }}</ref> E. W. Hoard hosted a meeting to raise money for a church building,<ref>{{cite book |last=Andreas |first=Alfred Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_A1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA785 |title=History of Cook County, Illinois: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time |publisher=A.T. Andreas |year=1884 |access-date=January 27, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol p. 7">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=7 }}</ref> collecting more than $5,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 100" /><ref name="Sokol p. 7" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1871|index=US-GDP|value=5000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Unity Church of Oak Park, a [[Non-denominational Christianity|non-denominational]] church, was formed that March.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 100" /><ref name="Sokol p. 7" /> The congregation acquired land at the southwest corner of Wisconsin Avenue (later Pleasant Street) and Marion Street, south of the [[Union Pacific West Line|Union Pacific West]] railroad line, from Milton C. Niles.<ref name="Sokol p. 7" /> The treasurer, Edwin O. Gale, provided $5,600, or nearly half of the $13,689 cost.<ref name="Sokol pp. 7–82">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=7–8 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|The total cost is equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1872|index=US-GDP|value=13689|r=-3|fmt=c}}, of which Gale provided ${{inflation|start_year=1872|index=US-GDP|value=5600|r=-3|fmt=c}}.{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} It is unknown who designed the original church, which was built in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style.<ref name="Sokol pp. 7–82" /><ref name="Siry p. 52">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=52 }}</ref> The original church was a {{convert|40|by|80|ft|adj=on}} rectangle topped by a {{convert|125|ft|m|adj=on}} spire.<ref name="Siry p. 52" /><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1872">{{Cite news |date=August 12, 1872 |title=A Suburban Sanctuary |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-a-suburban-sanctuary/164106972/ |access-date=January 28, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=6 }}</ref> Inside was a ground-level parish hall with an auditorium above it;<ref name="Siry p. 52" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 10">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=10 }}</ref> a ''Chicago Tribune'' article from 1872 described the church as having a stone foundation and wood frame.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1872" /> Within the auditorium was a raised pulpit and rows of seats bisected by a central aisle.<ref name="Siry p. 52" />

Work on the new church began in early 1871, and the basement was finished later that year.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 100" /> A [[Consecrated|consecration]] ceremony was held on August 11, 1872.<ref name="Sokol pp. 7–82" /><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1872" /> In its early years, the congregation was composed of [[Universalism|Universalists]] and [[Unitarianism|Unitarians]].<ref name="Sokol p. 9" /> As such, the church went through several pastors in its first decade. In 1882, some of the congregation's Universalist members formed a sub-congregation affiliated with the [[Universalist Church of America]]; the congregation at large remained unaffiliated with any denomination.<ref name="Sokol p. 9">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=9 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101">{{harvnb|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907|ps=.|page=101 }}</ref> After going through six pastors in fifteen years,<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" /> the church selected [[Augusta Jane Chapin]] as its pastor in 1886.<ref name="Sokol p. 9" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1886 |title=Suburban Matters |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-suburban-matters/164112363/ |access-date=January 28, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=14 }}</ref> During Chapin's tenure, Anna Jones Wright, the mother of the architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], joined the congregation.<ref name="Siry p. 52" /><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=10–11 }}</ref>

Chapin left the congregation in December 1891,<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" /> and Rodney Johonnot became the senior pastor the next year.<ref name="Siry p. 52; Sokol p. 12">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=52}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=12 }}</ref> During Johonnot's first four years, the congregation grew to 225 members.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=12 }}</ref> A [[church organ]] was installed in 1897.<ref name="Siry p. 52" /><ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" /> The congregation had decided to build a new structure by March 1901, when members voted to establish a fund for the construction of a new temple.<ref name="Siry p. 59">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=59 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol pp. 13–14">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=13–14 }}</ref> Johonnot felt that the existing building could not accommodate all of the congregation's activities.<ref name="Sokol pp. 13–14" /> The congregation hired [[H. P. Harned]] to design a new structure on the existing site, south of the railroad tracks.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 6, 1901 |title=Churches |magazine=The Construction News |page=228 |volume=12 |issue=14 |id={{ProQuest|128400600}} }}</ref> By then, numerous churches were being built in Oak Park,<ref name="Siry p. 59" /> and many of the newer churches were being built on [[Lake Street (Chicago)|Lake Street]], north of the tracks.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=64 }}</ref> In December 1904, the board of trustees again asked the congregation for donations for a new temple.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|pages=7–8}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=14–15 }}</ref> Following a meeting in May 1905,<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=70}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=15–16 }}</ref> a committee was appointed to discuss plans for the new building.<ref name="Siry p. 70; Sokol p. 18">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=70}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=18 }}</ref>

== Temple development ==
{{Unitarian Universalist sidebar|places}}

The original Unity Church was destroyed on June 4, 1905, when a lightning strike started a blaze;<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 5, 1905 |title=Lightning Destroys Churches |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-post-lightning-destroys-c/164189020/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |work=The Pittsburgh Post |pages=5 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=June 5, 1905 |title=Three Churches Struck by Bolts |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-three-churches-struck-by/164114437/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=5 }}</ref><ref name="The Inter Ocean 1905">{{Cite news |date=June 5, 1905 |title=Lightning Causes Destructive Fires |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-lightning-causes-destruc/164114411/ |access-date=January 28, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=3 }}</ref> firefighters were unable to extinguish the flames because of low water pressure.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" /><ref name="Siry p. 70; Sokol p. 18" /> The fire caused about $20,000 in damage<ref name="The Inter Ocean 1905" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=20000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} and destroyed everything except for the piano, chairs, paintings, dishes, and utensils.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=19 }}</ref> Within one week, the congregation had appointed four committees to oversee fundraising, site selection, design, and construction.<ref name="Siry pp. 70—71; Sokol pp. 20–21">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|pages=70–71}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=20–21 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves pp. 101–102">{{harvnb|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907|ps=.|pages=101–102 }}</ref> In the meantime, the congregation temporarily met at Nakama Hall.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" /><ref name="Sokol p. 25">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=25 }}</ref> The nearby First Baptist Church also hosted some of the congregation's events.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />

=== Selection of site and architect ===
Initially, it was estimated that the new building would cost $50,000.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 25, 1905 |title=Building Notes of the Week |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-building-notes-of-the-we/164301867/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=22 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=50000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The fundraising committee requested donations from various sources,<ref name="Sokol p. 22">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=22 }}</ref> while the site selection committee recommended that the new temple be built "in some place more central".<ref name="Siry pp. 70—71; Sokol pp. 20–21" /> At the time, two-thirds of the congregation lived south of Lake Street, and congregants favored a site near that street; only one person preferred to keep the existing site.<ref name="Sokol pp. 23–24">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=23–24 }}</ref> The committee considered several locations throughout the village.<ref name="Sokol pp. 23–24" /><ref name="Siry p. 71" /> Two of these sites were located at the intersection of Lake Street and Kenilworth Avenue: a private house on the southwestern corner, and a vacant lot owned by Gale on the southeastern corner.<ref name="Siry p. 71">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=71 }}</ref> In early August 1905, the congregation paid Gale $10,000<ref name="Siry p. 71" /><ref name="Sokol p. 24">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=24 }}</ref> or $11,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves pp. 101–102" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to between ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=10000|r=-3|fmt=c}} and ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=11000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The tract measured {{Convert|150|ft}} along Kenilworth Avenue and either {{Convert|100|ft}}<ref name="Siry p. 71" /> or {{Convert|105|ft}} along Lake Street.<ref name="Sokol p. 24" /> The site complemented the nearby First Presbyterian and Grace Episcopal churches slightly to the west.<ref name="Siry p. 71" /><ref name="Sokol p. 25" />

When the site was selected, the congregation had raised $30,000 toward the new building,<ref name="Sokol p. 25" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=30000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} and they began searching for an architect shortly afterward.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=71}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=26 }}</ref> On August 30, the planning committee met with nine architects, selecting four finalists: Frank Lloyd Wright, [[Dwight H. Perkins (architect)|Dwight H. Perkins]], [[William Augustus Otis]], and [[Normand Smith Patton]].<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|pages=71–72}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=28 }}</ref> At their September meeting, Unity Church's board of trustees voted to allow the planning committee to select an architect.<ref name="Sokol p. 37" /> This person was to draw up plans for an edifice costing no more than $30,000.<ref name="Sokol p. 37">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=37 }}</ref><ref name="Siry p. 74">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=74 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=30000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}}

Wright had been selected by mid-September.<ref name="Siry p. 73">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=73 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol p. 39">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=39 }}</ref><ref name="The Construction News 1905">{{Cite news |date=September 23, 1905 |title=Chicago |work=The Construction News |page=235 |volume=20 |issue=13 |id={{ProQuest|128406218}} }}</ref> The engineer [[Charles E. Roberts]], who led the church's building committee, had influenced the church's decision to select Wright.<ref name="Siry p. 73" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1957c">{{cite web |date=June 27, 1957 |title=The Frank Lloyd Wright Legend |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011955-12311959&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19570627_english_30&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |pages=30, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011955-12311959&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19570627_english_31&df=1&dt=10 31] |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> According to Wright, the board had considered hosting an [[architectural design competition]] (which he would have refused to join),<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957c" /><ref>{{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=152 }}</ref> but the historian [[Joseph Siry]] writes that there is no evidence that the board ever considered such a competition.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=38 }}</ref> ''[[Construction News (American publication)|Construction News]]'' reported that the temple would cost $35,000 and would be a one-story, brick-and-stone edifice.<ref name="The Construction News 1905" /><ref name="Siry p. 108">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=108 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=35000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Though Wright may have considered using brick, this was never recorded in his plans.<ref name="Siry p. 108" /><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=61 }}</ref> Wright instead proposed using concrete to save money,<ref name="Siry p. 108" /><ref name="Wright p. 154">{{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=154 }}</ref><ref name="Saint p. 162">{{harvnb|Saint|2003|ps=.|page=162 }}</ref> since, at the time, the church had only $45,000 on hand.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /><ref name="Siry p. 108" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1964a">{{cite web |date=June 25, 1964 |title=Unity Church Draws Architects to Village |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011963-12311966&e=unity%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19640625_english_7&df=1&dt=9 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=7 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=45000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The temple was the first public building that Wright designed by himself.<ref name="Jeffrey b0492">{{cite news |last=Jeffrey |first=Laura Stassi |date=May 3, 2009 |title=Oak Park, Ill.: A Village Two American Icons Called Home |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/travel/2009/05/03/oak-park-ill-a-village-two-american-icons-called-home/66de3e9c-9759-43f0-9308-c0dc2a136782/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 }}</ref>

=== Design ===
==== Original plans ====
The trustees mandated that the new house of worship include a [[sanctuary]] for worship, a meeting room for secular events, and a classroom for the Sunday school.<ref name="Siry p. 74" /><ref name="Siry pp. 81–83">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=81, 83 }}</ref> Furthermore, as Lake Street was a major street, Wright had to design a monumental building that would also fit the church's budget.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957c" /> Many of the original drawings have been lost or destroyed,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /> but Wright extensively documented his thought process in his autobiography.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hansen |first=Harry |date=April 6, 1932 |title=The First Reader |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-virginian-pilot-the-first-readerhar/164619262/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=The Virginian-Pilot |pages=6 }}</ref> Wright wrote that Johonnot had wanted a [[Mission Revival architecture|Mission-style]] building,<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=|page=40}}; {{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=153 }}</ref> and he avoided traditional [[church architecture]], instead proposing to the planning committee a "temple to man ... in which to study man himself for his God's sake".<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=74}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=|page=40}}; {{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|pages=153–154 }}</ref><ref name="Sawyers y222">{{cite web |last=Sawyers |first=June |date=August 16, 1991 |title=The Wright Oak Park Legacy |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1991/08/16/the-wright-oak-park-legacy/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> In the early plans, the temple's northern wall was aligned with the house to the east (which was set back {{Convert|40|ft}} from Lake Street), and the north–south axis was aligned with the house to the south.<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /> Wright created physical drawings only after extensively refining the plans mentally.<ref>{{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=158 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=83 }}</ref> He also produced a plaster model of the temple, which he presented to the planning committee.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=41–43 }}</ref>

The entrance to the main sanctuary, known as the auditorium, was intentionally positioned away from the streetcar lines on Lake Street.<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /><ref name="Wright pp. 154–155" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1957b">{{cite web |date=November 21, 1957 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright in Surprise Visit to Village |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011955-12311959&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19571121_english_6&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=6 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> Wright did not want to put the meeting room and Sunday school in the auditorium, as he felt that it would "spoil the simplicity of the room".<ref name="Wright pp. 154–155" /><ref name="Sokol p. 59">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=59 }}</ref> Accordingly, these rooms were instead placed in a separate church house called Unity House,<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /><ref name="Wright pp. 154–155">{{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|pages=154–155 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol p. 59" /> which was linked to the auditorium by a central entrance hall.<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /><ref>{{harvnb|National Park Service|1970|ps=.|page=4 }}</ref> Having decided upon the site layout, Wright next designed the cube-shaped auditorium.<ref name="Siry pp. 96–97">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=96–97 }}</ref> Some preliminary drawings for the auditorium still exist. These include Scheme A, which called for 388 seats facing a pulpit on the south wall, and the rejected Scheme B, which called for 478 seats facing the north wall.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=101–103 }}</ref>

==== Design changes ====
[[File:Unity Temple - Oak Park IL 16 (3224994948).jpg|thumb|The auditorium's skylights]]

In December 1905, the planning committee received Wright's plans and recommended that the board of trustees approve them.<ref name="Siry p. 74" /><ref name="Sokol p. 39" /> The same month, Gale gave the congregation a {{Convert|20|ft|4=-wide|adj=mid}} strip of land on Kenilworth Avenue.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=80 }}</ref> By the beginning of 1906, the site of the original building had been sold for $6,500.<ref name="Sokol p. 45" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=6500|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The congregation decided to proceed with construction, even though it had received only one bid for the general contract, which exceeded the church's budget by $8–10 thousand.<ref name="Sokol p. 45">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=45 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=127 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=8|r=0|fmt=c}}–{{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=10|r=0|fmt=c}} thousand in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Thomas Skillin, who led the board of trustees, reported that the temple was to cost $40,000 but that there was only $31,000 available.<ref name="Sokol p. 47">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=47 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=127–128 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|The cost was equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=40000|r=-3|fmt=c}}, while the money on hand was equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=31000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The trustees considered modifying the plans, splitting work into two phases, or borrowing money.<ref name="Sokol p. 47" /> Wright offered to reduce the cost to $35,000{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=35000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} by revising the plans and deferring installation of the furnishings.<ref name="Siry p. 128">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=128 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=51 }}</ref>

Skillin objected that the auditorium was too small and dark.<ref name="Cypret 1975b">{{Cite news |last=Cypret |first=Randy |date=July 24, 1975 |title=Unity designed to solve problems |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-unity-designed-to-solve-pro/164860702/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=33 }}</ref><ref name="Siry p. 128; Sokol p. 52" /> At its meeting on January 18, 1906, the board asked Skillin and Johonnot to discuss possible modifications with Wright.<ref name="Siry p. 128; Sokol p. 52">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=128}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=52 }}</ref> Subsequently, Wright revised the auditorium's design,<ref name="Siry pp. 129—130; Sokol pp. 52–54">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|pages=129–130}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=52–54 }}</ref> and he invited 75 members of the congregation to see the drawings and models for Unity Temple at his studio.<ref name="Siry p. 128" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 19910807">{{cite web |last=Guarino |first=Jean |date=August 7, 1991 |title=Wright community never materialized |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011991-12311992&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19910807_english_81&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=81 }}</ref> The board approved Wright's revisions on February 7,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /><ref name="Siry pp. 129—130; Sokol pp. 52–54" /> on the condition that no more than $36,200 be spent.<ref name="Siry pp. 129—130; Sokol pp. 52–54" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1905|index=US-GDP|value=36200|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Details of the design were reported in the local media on February 24,<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=130}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=55 }}</ref> and a brochure describing the final plan was published on March 4.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=56 }}</ref> Wright's assistant [[Charles E. White Jr.]] said the planning process had been marked by "endless fighting".<ref name="Siry p. 130">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=130 }}</ref><ref name="Schrenk p. 151">{{harvnb|Schrenk|2021|ps=.|page=151 }}</ref> Wright continued refining the design details even after the final plans were accepted and (in some cases) partially completed.<ref name="Siry p. 137">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=137 }}</ref> Despite initial objections to Wright's design, Oak Park residents eventually came to like it.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19910807" />

=== Construction ===
==== Early construction ====
It took weeks to find a [[general contractor]].<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=138}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=75}}; {{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=159 }}</ref> Most of the bids that church officials did receive were significantly over budget, probably because of the unconventional nature of the concrete design,<ref name="Siry p. 138">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=138 }}</ref> which drove many contractors away.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1964a" /> Contractors found it difficult to decipher Wright's plans, which did not resemble standard blueprints.<ref name="Siry p. 138" /> Paul Mueller, who had previously built Wright's [[E-Z Polish Factory]] and [[Larkin Administration Building]],<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=138}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=76 }}</ref> was ultimately selected as the contractor.<ref name="Siry p. 139; Sokol p. 77">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=139}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=77 }}</ref><ref name="Saint p. 163">{{harvnb|Saint|2003|ps=.|page=163 }}</ref> Wright and Mueller began discussing the temple in January 1906,<ref name="Siry p. 138" /> and Mueller was hired that April, having submitted a low bid of $32,221.<ref name="Siry p. 139; Sokol p. 77" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1906|index=US-GDP|value=32221|r=3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The trustees agreed to pay Mueller $32,661 as long as Mueller paid a $15,000 [[Bond (finance)|bond]], which would be refunded if the temple was completed on time.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=78 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Mueller's payment is equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1906|index=US-GDP|value=32661|r=-3|fmt=c}}, and his bond is equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1906|index=US-GDP|value=15000|r=-3|fmt=c}}, in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The board also approved a $1,243.23 builder's fee for Wright.<ref name="Sokol p. 79">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=79 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1906|index=US-GDP|value=1243.23|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} A [[groundbreaking]] ceremony took place on May 15, 1906.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102">{{harvnb|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907|ps=.|page=102 }}</ref><ref name="Siry p. 139">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=139 }}</ref> One of Wright's draftsmen, [[Isabel Roberts]], acted as a liaison to church officials, while Arthur Tobin coordinated the construction schedules.<ref>{{harvnb|Schrenk|2021|ps=.|pages=151, 154 }}</ref>

The first part of the temple to be constructed was Unity House.<ref name="Siry p. 157">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=157 }}</ref> Work on the foundation progressed slowly, and the building committee had to allocate another $645.60 for the foundations due to cost overruns.<ref name="Sokol pp. 81–82" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1906|index=US-GDP|value=645.6|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Mueller was also busy with other projects across the United States, which further delayed the temple's construction.<ref name="Sokol pp. 81–82">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=81–82 }}</ref> The contractors acquired large amounts of wood to create the [[formwork]], into which the temple's concrete slabs were to be poured.<ref name="Sokol p. 80">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=80 }}</ref> The wooden forms were constructed to uniform dimensions of {{Convert|12|x|3.5|ft}}, allowing them to be reused;<ref name="Sokol p. 80" /><ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=140–141 }}</ref><ref name="Levine p. 40">{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=40 }}</ref> each timber form was made of several [[Lumber#Dimensional lumber|2-by-4]] boards.<ref name="Siry p. 140">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=140 }}</ref><ref name="Ferry p. 98">{{harvnb|Ferry|1907|ps=.|page=98 }}</ref> Rectangular blocks of wood were used to cast the facade's {{convert|12|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} concrete columns, which had to be cast in multiple pieces because they were too large.<ref name="Ferry p. 98" /><ref name="Siry p. 152">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=152 }}</ref> The various pieces of each column were bound together using [[grout]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ferry|1907|ps=.|page=99 }}</ref>

Wright contemplated embedding red granite or another material into the outer walls.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=143–144 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol p. 83">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=83 }}</ref> Twenty samples of concrete, embedded with red granite or gravel, were presented to the board of trustees for review.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|page=144}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=84–85 }}</ref> Church officials decided not to use red granite due to the expense involved;<ref name="Sokol p. 83" /> instead, they agreed to apply an acidic solution to roughen the facade.<ref name="Siry p. 145">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=145 }}</ref> The concrete walls were poured at a rate of no more than {{Convert|18|in}} every 24 hours.<ref name="Sokol pp. 81–82" /><ref name="Siry p. 146">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=146 }}</ref> The walls were constructed one by one, and the wooden forms had to be disassembled and rebuilt after each wall was completed, which caused further delays.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=85 }}</ref> In addition, concrete could not be poured during the wintertime.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /> Foster & Glidden Co. were hired in September 1906 to install the electrical, plumbing, and [[Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning|heating and ventilation]] systems.<ref name="Sokol p. 86">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=86 }}</ref> Although Mueller's contract mandated that the temple be completed by November 1906,<ref name="Siry p. 139" /> the exterior was not nearly finished at that time.<ref name="Siry p. 157" /><ref name="Sokol p. 86" /> This prompted Edwin Ehrman, the building committee's leader, to complain to Mueller.<ref name="Siry p. 157" /><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=87 }}</ref> Furthermore, Wright frequently modified the plans while construction was underway, then tried to force the trustees to pay for the increased costs, to which they refused.<ref name="Sokol pp. 122–123" /> Mueller, who did not reject Wright's changes, lost money as a result<ref name="Sokol pp. 122–123">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=122–123 }}</ref> and eventually went bankrupt.<ref name="Schrenk p. 154" /><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=156 }}</ref>

==== Delays and completion ====
[[Image:Unity Temple Interior.jpg|thumb|One of the piers in Unity Temple's auditorium|alt=One of the square piers at the corner of Unity Temple's auditorium. The ceiling has square skylights with wooden boards at their borders. Hanging from the ceiling are chandeliers with globes and cubes.]]

The heating system was installed in February 1907.<ref name="Sokol p. 89">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=89 }}</ref> Amid increasing expenses and decreasing revenue, the congregation's general fund had dwindled to $11.31 by March,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1907|index=US|value=11.31|r=0|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US}}{{inflation-fn|US|group=lower-alpha}}}} and many former members had departed.<ref name="Sokol p. 89" /> ''Oak Leaves'' wrote that "the finances were in good condition", despite a shortfall in the construction fund.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=95 }}</ref> By then, Wright wrote that Unity House would be finished in May and the auditorium in September.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=92 }}</ref> The eastern wall and parts of the auditorium's stair towers had been completed by May, but the roofs had not been constructed.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=142 }}</ref> Church officials had resorted to borrowing money, despite a concerted attempt to obtain donations and other fees from the congregation.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=96–97 }}</ref> Unity House began hosting services on September 15, 1907,<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=99 }}</ref> and the church's Ladies Social Union purchased some furniture the same week.<ref name="Sokol p. 100">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=100 }}</ref> The auditorium's roof had been completed, but the terraces and entrance pavilion were still under construction,<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=169–170 }}</ref> and landscaping work was still ongoing.<ref name="Sokol p. 103">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=103 }}</ref> Congregants had to enter Unity House through the back door.<ref name="Sokol p. 149">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=149 }}</ref>

Wright and the contractors continued to fine-tune the building's heating system,<ref name="Sokol p. 103" /> and the contractors submitted [[invoice]]s for their work, which the congregation could not afford to pay.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=105–107 }}</ref> The project was paused in late 1907,<ref name="Siry p. 171">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=171 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=108 }}</ref> and Ehrman requested that Wright provide a timetable for Unity Temple's completion, which the architect did in January 1908.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=101–102 }}</ref> That February, Wright invited artists and musicians to attend a "Symposium of Art" at Unity House.<ref name="Siry p. 168">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=168 }}</ref> Wright wrote to the congregation the next month, requesting that Mueller be paid $11,000.<ref name="Siry p. 171" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1908|index=US-GDP|value=11000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Congregants pledged $5,771 for the building's completion at their annual meeting the same month,<ref name="Sokol p. 111">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=111 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1908|index=US-GDP|value=5771|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} which allowed the trustees to finally reimburse Mueller.<ref name="Sokol p. 111" /><ref name="Siry p. 171" /> The plasterwork was completed in July 1908,<ref name="Siry p. 146" /> after the board of trustees had threatened to fire Mueller over his failure to finish the plastering.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=115 }}</ref> The temple's mechanical contractor [[Foster & Glidden]] were completing the building's electrical systems by August,<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=116 }}</ref> and the pews were under construction by that September.<ref name="Siry p. 171" /><ref name="Sokol pp. 119–120">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=119–120 }}</ref> All of the art glass had also been installed by then.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=120–121 }}</ref>

The auditorium's opening, scheduled for October 11, 1908, was postponed due to delays in manufacturing the pews.<ref name="Sokol pp. 119–120" /> The auditorium hosted its first service on October 25, 1908,<ref name="Schrenk p. 154">{{harvnb|Schrenk|2021|ps=.|page=154 }}</ref><ref name="Chicago Daily Tribune 1908">{{cite news |date=October 26, 1908 |title=Church Built of One Piece: Unity Temple at Oak Park Opens Structure Which is Like No Other Shrine in the World |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|173399990}} }}</ref> though Wright did not attend.<ref name="Cypret 1975b" /><ref name="Siry pp. 192–193" /> The building could not be formally dedicated because the organ had not been installed;<ref name="Chicago Daily Tribune 1908" /> church officials had received bids from a dozen organ manufacturers, many of whom were discouraged by Wright's abstruse drawings.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=124–125 }}</ref> The church did not hire a manufacturer until September 1908, when officials paid [[Coburn & Taylor]] $3,500 to install an organ in two months.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=131 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1908|index=US-GDP|value=3500|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The heating system was also ineffective, and the boiler burst shortly after the auditorium opened,<ref name="Sokol pp. 138–139">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=138–139 }}</ref> forcing the congregation to vacate the auditorium until February 1909.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=143–144 }}</ref>

Construction issues notwithstanding, congregants quickly came to like the new temple.<ref name="Siry pp. 192–193">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=192–193 }}</ref> By 1909, the congregation's membership consisted of more than 140 families.<ref name="Sokol p. 149" /><ref name="Siry p. 103">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=103 }}</ref> During that year, church officials largely resolved their remaining disputes with contractors, and the decorations inside were finished.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=153 }}</ref> Johonnot resigned that June, expressing frustration that he had received little encouragement from the congregation during his tenure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 7, 1909 |title=Rebukes Church; Pastor Resigns |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-rebukes-church-pastor-r/164532483/ |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=8 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=150–151 }}</ref> Church members refused to accept his resignation,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 12, 1909 |title=Force Pastor to Think Again |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-force-pastor-to-think-ag/164606912/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=3 }}</ref><ref name="Sokol p. 152">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=152 }}</ref> as he was still popular among members of the congregation.<ref name="Sokol p. 152" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 8, 1909 |title=Members of Church Differ as to Pastor's Resignation |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-members-of-church-differ/164532255/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=6 }}</ref> Johonnot ultimately agreed to remain Unity Church's pastor for one more year.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1910">{{Cite news |date=June 27, 1910 |title=Asks Favor for Successor |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-asks-favor-for-successor/164608046/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=7 }}</ref> The temple was officially dedicated on September 26, 1909,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 10" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 27, 1909 |title=Unity Church Is Dedicated |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-unity-church-is-dedicate/164532299/ |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=14 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=September 27, 1909 |title=Temperance Theme of Many Sermons |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-temperance-theme-of-many/164312755/ |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=4 }}</ref> and the congregation published a brochure for the occasion.<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=155 }}</ref> The temple had cost $60,344.55, and the congregation borrowed some $14,500 to pay for the cost overruns.<ref name="Siry p. 193">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=193 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|The final cost is equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1909|index=US-GDP|value=60344.55|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}. The congregation borrowed the equivalent of ${{inflation|start_year=1909|index=US-GDP|value=14500|r=-3|fmt=c}}.{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Members pledged two-thirds, or nearly $32,200, of the remaining cost,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1909|index=US-GDP|value=32200|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} though it took them several years to raise funds for construction.<ref name="Siry p. 193" />

== Temple usage ==
=== Early and mid-20th century ===
[[File:Unity Temple - Oak Park IL 3 (3224125951).jpg|thumb|View of the auditorium's pulpit from the north]]

After Unity Temple opened, the building's architecture attracted visitors from across the U.S.<ref name="Siry pp. 192–193" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 9, 1915 |title=Getting Ready for New C. C. Church |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-zion-city-independent-getting-ready/164611800/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=The Zion City Independent |pages=1 }}</ref> Johonnot ultimately resigned at the end of June 1910.<ref name="Sokol p. 152" /><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1910" /> The next pastor, S. G. Dunham, served until early 1913.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1913">{{Cite news |date=March 16, 1913 |title=Armour Buys Eastern Site; Plans New Packing Plant? |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-armour-buys-eastern-site/164610988/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=5 }}</ref> William J. Taylor became Unity Temple's pastor in November 1913<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 17, 1913 |title=New Pastor Is Installed |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-new-pastor-is-installed/164558836/ |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=3 }}</ref> and began giving sermons there the next month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 15, 1913 |title=New Pastor Takes Unity Church Pulpit |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-inter-ocean-new-pastor-takes-unity-c/164558921/ |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The Inter Ocean |pages=9 }}</ref> During Taylor's tenure, the congregation paid back its remaining debt of $6,000,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1910|index=US-GDP|value=6000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} and Gale donated a [[parsonage]].<ref name="Wausau Pilot 1919" /> Taylor resigned in 1919 to become the pastor of [[First Universalist Church (Wausau, Wisconsin)|First Universalist Church]] in [[Wausau, Wisconsin]],<ref name="Wausau Pilot 1919">{{Cite news |date=January 14, 1919 |title=Rev. William J. Taylor |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-pilot-rev-william-j-taylor/164612418/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Wausau Pilot |pages=1 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 1918 |title=Restrictions on Egg Coal Are Now Removed |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-journal-restrictions-on-egg-coal-are/164613706/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Sun-Journal |pages=8 }}</ref> and he was succeeded by James W. Vallentyne.<ref name="Portland Press Herald 1924" /> The congregation celebrated the 50th anniversary of its founding with a weeklong party in early 1921.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 26, 1921 |title=Unity Church Is Fifty |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20church%22&i=f&d=01011920-12311921&m=between&ord=k1&fn=oak_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19210226_english_42&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=38 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> Vallentyne resigned as Unity Church's pastor in 1924,<ref name="Portland Press Herald 1924">{{Cite news |date=December 30, 1924 |title=Dr. James W. Vallentyne Will Come to Portland After Fine Record in West |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-dr-james-w-valle/164616792/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Portland Press Herald |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-vallentyne/164616814/ 2] }}</ref> though he remained in Oak Park for several months.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 1925 |title=Rev. James Vallentyne Assumes Duties Here |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-rev-james-vallent/164617011/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Portland Press Herald |pages=19 }}</ref> D. T. Denman, who had served various congregations in Oak Park for two decades,<ref name="Chicago Daily Tribune 1932" /> merged the congregation of his Community Center with that of Unity Church in 1925, becoming the combined congregation's pastor.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1946b">{{cite web |date=September 5, 1946 |title=Unity Church Resumes Services on Sunday |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&by=1946&bdd=1940&d=01011946-12311946&m=between&ord=k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19460905_english_46&df=21&dt=27 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=46 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>

Denman served until 1932<ref name="Chicago Daily Tribune 1932">{{cite news |date=April 24, 1932 |title=Call of Farm Penetrates to Oak Park Pulpit: Dr. Denman to Retire After 45 Years. |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-call-of-farm-penetrates/164619012/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=F6 |id={{ProQuest|181316732}} }}</ref> and was replaced that year with Frank D. Adams.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1932">{{Cite news |date=November 22, 1932 |title=Dr. F. D. Adams Accepts Call to Oak Pk. Church |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-dr-f-d-adams-accepts/164623449/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=6 |postscript=none |agency=Associated Press}}; {{Cite news |date=December 10, 1932 |title=Parish Banquets Departing Pastor |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-parish-banquets-depar/164623589/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Detroit Free Press |pages=3 }}</ref> In 1935, the congregation of the Church of the Redeemer in Chicago also merged with Unity Church's congregation.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1946b" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 23, 1936 |title=Dr. Lewis Fisher Dies; Pastor and Ex-College Head |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-dr-lewis-fisher-dies-p/164623730/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=14 }}</ref> The congregation had 200 members by the mid-1940s, who met every Sunday from September to June; by then, the church was called the '''Unity Universalist Church'''.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 1944 |title=Unity Universalist Church |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&d=01011940-12311949&m=between&ord=k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19440309_english_57&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=57 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> John Q. Parkhurst was elected as the church's pastor in early 1945,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1945a">{{cite web |date=March 1, 1945 |title=Unity |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20church%22&i=f&d=01011940-12311946&e=parkhurst&m=between&ord=k1,e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19450301_english_47&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=47 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> just after Adams resigned.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1945b">{{cite web |date=March 8, 1945 |title=Unity Church |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20church%22&i=f&d=01011940-12311945&e=adams&m=between&ord=k1,e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19450308_english_77&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=77 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The next year, Unity House was lent to a local youth club, and its interior was redecorated to resemble a ship's lounge;<ref>{{cite news |date=June 23, 1946 |title=Youths to Open Suburb Center With Ship Motif |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=W12 |id={{ProQuest|177208330}} }}</ref> the club operated there for three months.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 8, 1946 |title=Suburban Group on Search for Anchor Inn Site |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-suburban-group-on-search/164626175/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=14 }}</ref> At the time, the congregation's membership included many of Oak Park's longtime families, in addition to congregants from neighboring towns and villages.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1946b" /> ''Forest Leaves'' reported that the building was depicted in a wide range of architectural publications and that it attracted visitors from around the world,<ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 1948 |title=Unity Universalist Church Opens for 78th Year |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&d=01011940-12311949&m=between&ord=k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19480909_english_30&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=30 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> though local residents largely ignored it.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969c">{{cite web |date=June 25, 1969 |title=Unity Temple a masterpiece in concrete |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011967-12311969&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19690625_english_12&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=12 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>

Parkhurst left the congregation in 1952, and Robert M. Rice became the church's new minister.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1952a">{{cite web |date=January 10, 1952 |title=Rev. Parkhurst Accepts Call to Church in Joliet |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&d=01011950-12311959&e=parkhurst&m=between&ord=k1,e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19520110_english_9&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=9 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> By then, the congregation had 325 members who met every Sunday except in August, and the church's youth fellowship met every other Sunday.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 21, 1951 |title=Unity Universalist |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&d=01011950-12311959&m=between&ord=k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19510621_english_82&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=82 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The church was known simply as the '''Universalist Church''' by the late 1950s.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957a">{{cite web |date=June 27, 1957 |title=Universalist Church |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011955-12311959&e=unity%20universalist&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19570627_english_42&df=1&dt=5 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=42 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The temple also hosted visiting architects, including Wright himself, as well as several groups of students each year.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957b" /> Rice left the building largely intact during his tenure, converting Unity House's two balconies to classrooms and adding a chapel for children.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957c" /> In addition, in 1959, workers filled in cracks and covered up exposed rods, and they applied a stucco-like paste to the exterior.<ref name="Cypret 1975a">{{Cite news |last=Cypret |first=Randy |date=August 3, 1975 |title=Unity Temple restoration incomplete |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-unity-temple-restoration-in/164649380/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=6 }}</ref>

=== Late 20th century ===
==== 1960s ====
[[File:Oak park unity temple.jpg|thumb|The temple as seen from Lake Street and Kenilworth Avenue]]By the 1960s, the concrete had begun to spall and leak; the congregation ruled out the idea of using stucco to patch the facade, and there were discussions about potentially demolishing the temple.<ref name="McCue 1961" /> Instead, Wright's son-in-law [[William Wesley Peters]], a principal in [[Taliesin Associated Architects]], oversaw a restoration of the building,<ref name="McCue 1961" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1961a">{{cite web |date=November 16, 1961 |title=Universalists Hold Annual Holiday Bazaar |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011960-12311962&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19611116_english_33&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=33 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> which was completed in 1961 for $22,000.<ref name="McCue 1961" /><ref name="Nicholas 1962">{{cite news |last=Nicholas |first=Dorothea |date=October 4, 1962 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright Church Is Architectural Shrine: Heritage Unit to Pay Tribute to Sanctuary |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-frank-lloyd-wright-churc/164635823/ |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=7.1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-frank-lloyd-wright-churc/164635855/ 7.4] |id={{ProQuest|182864285}} }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1961|index=US-GDP|value=22000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Workers patched the cracks by sandblasting the concrete, placing a cement aggregate into the cracks, and applying another mixture to wear away the facade's topmost layer.<ref name="Nicholas 1962" /> A sealant was then applied onto the facade,<ref name="McCue 1961">{{Cite news |last=McCue |first=George |date=November 26, 1961 |title=New Life for Two Historic Buildings |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-new-life-for-two/164373268/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |pages=36 }}</ref><ref name="Nicholas 1962" /> and the building was repainted in its original color scheme.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1961a" /><ref name="Nicholas 1962" /> The temple was rededicated in 1962. By then, the congregation had a religious school and a youth club, in addition to its typical Sunday services.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1962a">{{cite web |date=June 21, 1962 |title=The Unitarian Universalist Church |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011960-12311962&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19620621_english_27&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=27 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The building still attracted international visitors,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1962a" /><ref>{{cite news |date=November 23, 1961 |title=Unity Church is World Famous |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=W_B16 |id={{ProQuest|183043735}} }}</ref> while the congregation had become known as the '''Unitarian Universalist Church'''.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1964a" /><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1963">{{cite news |date=September 29, 1963 |title=Tour to See Legacy Left by Wright |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=S1 |id={{ProQuest|176402046}} }}</ref>

John Michiels renovated the temple's lower level in 1966 for $20,000,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1968|index=US-GDP|value=20000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} though these modifications did not follow Wright's original design.<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /> The work involved refurbishing a bathroom and three classrooms.<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /><ref name="Conner 1971" /> Church officials formed a committee in 1967 to raise funds for a further renovation of Unity Temple.<ref name="Devine 1976">{{Cite news |last=Devine |first=Kay |date=June 30, 1976 |title=Unity Temple plans fund-raiser tour to aid restoration efforts |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-unity-temple-plans-fund-rai/164474114/ |access-date=February 1, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=111 }}</ref> That May, the congregation decided to open the temple for public tours five days a week<ref name="Oak Leaves 1967b">{{cite web |date=April 27, 1967 |title=Unitarian Church Will Open Tours |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011967-12311969&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19670427_english_7&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=7 |via=River Forest Public Library |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=April 28, 1967 |title=Unitarian Church Open to Public |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/berwyn-life-unitarian-church-open-to-pub/164641508/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Berwyn Life |pages=8 }}</ref> to raise money for the renovations.<ref name="Devine 1976" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1967b" /> It cost $1,000 to launch the tour program,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1967|index=US-GDP|value=1000|r=0|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} which did not make a net profit until its second year. The skylights were subsequently replaced in 1968; since the tours had not raised sufficient funds, the women's auxiliary at Unity Temple helped fund part of the project.<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /> The next year, the Edgar J. Kaufmann Foundation pledged $75,000 in [[matching funds]] toward the temple's renovation<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /><ref name="Conner 1971" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1969b">{{cite web |date=July 9, 1969 |title=Foundation backs $150,000 restoration of Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011967-12311969&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19690709_english_5&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=135 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1967|index=US-GDP|value=75000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} after [[Edgar Kaufmann Jr.]], a former Wright acolyte, heard about the initiative.<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /><ref name="Marlin 1971">{{Cite news |last=Marlin |first=William |date=March 21, 1971 |title=Saving Wright's American Dream |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-saving-wrights-american/164722465/ |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=136 }}</ref> Bill Fyfe and Michiels jointly designed a restoration plan.<ref name="Marlin 1971" /> According to Michiels, the wiring, doors, stairs, windows, and sidewalks needed repairs the most urgently.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969b" />

==== 1970s ====
[[File:Unity Temple (35121738661).jpg|thumb|Detail of the Kenilworth Avenue facade]]

By 1970, the church had raised $25,000 from tours, subscriptions, and donations.<ref name="Marlin 1971" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1970|index=US-GDP|value=25000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The restoration also received funds from the congregation itself, the [[National Park Service]], four anonymous donors, and [[Alden B. Dow]], in addition to tour revenue and insurance payments.<ref name="Cypret 1975a" /> After Rice retired in 1970,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1971a2">{{cite web |last=Patterson |first=Mary Margaret |date=March 3, 1971 |title=Unitarians to hold centennial service |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011970-12311972&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19710303_english_8&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=8 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> he was replaced by Gerald Krick the following March.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1971a2" /> In addition, a committee was formed to oversee the restoration,<ref name="Conner 1971">{{Cite news |last=Conner |first=Gerald |date=March 21, 1971 |title=Members Make Plans to Save Unity Temple |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-members-make-plans-to-sa/164801223/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=19 }}</ref> which was prioritized after a fire had damaged Unity House in January 1971.<ref name="Conner 1971" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1971c">{{cite web |date=August 18, 1971 |title=Restoration with the Wright touch |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011970-12311972&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19710818_english_57&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=57 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> A local firm, Sturr-Young Associates, was hired to repaint the auditorium in its original colors, restore the skylights, and redecorate the interior, while Frank's son [[Lloyd Wright]] was retained as a consultant.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1971c" /> The congregation was unable to raise the funds for the temple's upkeep by itself.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dillard |first=Barbara |date=April 13, 1983 |title=Japan fair to support Wright church legacy |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-japan-fair-to-support-wr/164869331/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=94 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 1979a" /> As such, congregants directed the board of trustees to establish a [[Foundation (nonprofit)|foundation]] to oversee the temple's restoration in December 1972.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 13, 1972 |title=Foundation to be set up to renew Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011970-12311972&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19721213_english_66&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=66 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The Unity Temple Restoration Corporation was formed the next year<ref name="Cypret 1975">{{Cite news |last=Cypret |first=Randy |date=July 23, 1975 |title=Unity Temple: struggle to save a landmark |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-unity-temple-struggle-to-s/164472280/ |access-date=February 1, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=1 }}</ref> as a secular entity, separate from the congregation.<ref name="Gapp 1978">{{Cite news |last=Gapp |first=Paul |date=April 13, 1978 |title=Group seeks $50,000 to restore Unity Temple |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-group-seeks-50000-to-r/164862341/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=48 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 1979a">{{cite web |last=Idoux |first=Jerry |date=May 9, 1979 |title=Temple restoration is Jacobsen's dream |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011977-12311979&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19790509_english_36&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=36 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The restoration group raised $500 per month from small donors and tour revenue,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1970|index=US|value=500|r=0|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US}}{{inflation-fn|US|group=lower-alpha}}}} and it received additional funding from large donors, the federal and local governments, and the congregation.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1974b">{{cite web |last=Van Wyk |first=Betty |date=June 19, 1974 |title='Angels' needed for temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19740619_english_4&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |pages=4, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19740619_english_15&df=1&dt=10 11] |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>

A restoration of the facade commenced in 1973<ref name="Oak Leaves 1973a">{{cite web |date=October 17, 1973 |title=Unity Temple is getting a face lift |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19731017_english_60&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=60 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref><ref name="Kamin x694">{{cite web |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=May 20, 2017 |title=Delayed restoration of Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple is triumphant |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2017/05/20/delayed-restoration-of-frank-lloyd-wrights-unity-temple-is-triumphant/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> and ultimately cost $200,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19831019">{{cite web |last=Cooper |first=Charlotte |date=October 19, 1983 |title=$500,000 restoration tab for Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011983-12311984&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19831019_english_23&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=23 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1973|index=US-GDP|value=200000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Workers removed the cladding that had been added in the 1960s,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1973a" /> and they sprayed [[shotcrete]], a type of concrete, onto the facade.<ref name="Gauer x647">{{cite web |last=Gauer |first=James |date=May 25, 2017 |title=Restoration of Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple Unveiled |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/12773-restoration-of-frank-lloyd-wrights-unity-temple-unveiled |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 1973a" /> The interior was also repainted and partially rewired.<ref name="Devine 1976" /> That year, the Kaufmann Foundation increased their grant to $250,000,{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1973|index=US-GDP|value=250000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} at which point the church had raised $230,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1974b" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 11, 1974 |title=Matching fund needed for Unity Temple grant |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-matching-fund-needed-for-un/164645097/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=4 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1973|index=US-GDP|value=230000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The temple could also receive federal restoration funds because it was on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], so the [[Illinois Department of Conservation]] requested $114,850 for interior restoration in late 1973.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 13, 1973 |title=Funds for Unity Temple landmark are sought |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-funds-for-unity-temple-l/164851367/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=155 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=September 16, 1973 |title=State requests funds to restore temple |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-state-requests-funds-to-res/164845596/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=6 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1973|index=US-GDP|value=114850|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The temple began hosting concerts later that year,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1974c">{{cite web |date=February 20, 1974 |title=Great architecture and music meet Feb. 23 |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19740220_english_22&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=22 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> and it launched a concert series that helped raise money for the renovation.<ref name="News Journal 1974" /><ref>{{cite web |date=October 30, 1974 |title=Baroque concert at Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19741030_english_51&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=51 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> To raise further money, the church sponsored field trips to [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin]], Wright's studio in Wisconsin.<ref name="Devine 1976" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 15, 1976 |title=Tours set at Wright buildings |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-tours-set-at-wright-buil/164861736/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=44 }}</ref> By 1975, church officials had spent more than $250,000 over the preceding eight years, but the project needed at least another $250,000.<ref name="Cypret 1975" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Marlin |first=William |date=November 14, 1975 |title=Oak Park renews ties to Frank Lloyd Wright: Simple, close-knit Template for development Emergency repairs |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=32 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|511855922}} }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Both figures are equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1975|index=US-GDP|value=250000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} In addition, the Restoration Foundation had gone into debt.<ref name="Cypret 1975" />

The Restoration Foundation had nearly matched the Kaufmann grant by 1976,<ref name="Devine 1976" /> and it wanted to create a $500,000 [[financial endowment]] for Unity Temple's continued upkeep.<ref name="Gapp 1978" /> The Kaufmann Foundation offered a grant to establish the restoration fund in April 1978, provided that the Restoration Foundation raised $50,000 in eight weeks.<ref name="Gapp 1978" /><ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 1978 |title=Unity Temple drive reaches half-way mark |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011977-12311979&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19780405_english_6&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=6 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The next year, the Kaufmann Foundation offered another $50,000 matching grant.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1979a" /><ref name="The Life 1979">{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1979 |title=Temple seeks restoration |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-life-temple-seeks-restoration/164863252/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The Life |pages=26 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Both matching grants are equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1978|index=US-GDP|value=250000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Work on the foyer's renovation began in May 1979<ref name="Oak Leaves 1979a" /><ref name="The Life 1979" /> and was nearly completed by the end of the year.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1979b">{{cite web |date=November 7, 1979 |title=Unity Temple work progresses |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011977-12311979&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19791107_english_8&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=8 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The foyer was restored to its original appearance, and later modifications, such as ceiling tiles and shelves, were removed.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 23, 1980 |title=Benefit skit to aid Wright restoration |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011980-12311982&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19800423_english_27&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=27 }}</ref> The Restoration Foundation also planned to repair the leaky roof,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1979b" /> a project that ultimately cost $85,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19831019" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1979|index=US-GDP|value=85000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} A company from Washington, D.C., was hired to determine the original paint colors.<ref name="The Life 1979" />

==== 1980s and 1990s ====
Charles Scot Giles became Unity Temple's pastor in 1981 following a year-long search.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1981b">{{cite web |date=August 26, 1981 |title=New minister finds 'creative challenge' |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=giles&i=f&d=01011980-12311984&e=unity%20temple&o=minister%20pastor&m=between&ord=e1,k1,o1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19810826_english_67&df=1&dt=6 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=67 }}</ref> The next year, the Restoration Foundation established a subcommittee to organize events at the temple.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 24, 1982 |title=Unity Temple auxiliary is started |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011980-12311982&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19821124_english_62&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=62 }}</ref> By then, the temple received 10,000 to 15,000 annual visitors, and the Restoration Foundation was planning to spend $500,000 on the interior.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19831019" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1976|index=US-GDP|value=500000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The auditorium was subsequently repainted gray, green-gray, yellow, and ivory, and [[magnesite]] carpets were added.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1984a" /> This work was completed in 1984, coinciding with the 75th anniversary of the temple's dedication.<ref name="nyt-1984-09-02">{{Cite news |date=September 2, 1984 |title=Temple by Frank Lloyd Wright Is Renovated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/02/us/temple-by-frank-lloyd-wright-is-renovated.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 1984a">{{cite web |last=Vrba |first=Harriet |date=September 26, 1984 |title=Unity restored for its 75th anniversary |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011980-12311984&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19840926_english_7&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |pages=7, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011980-12311984&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19840926_english_8&df=1&dt=10 8] |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The temple received a $20,000 matching grant from [[Domino's]] cofounder [[Tom Monaghan|Thomas Monaghan]] in 1987,<ref>{{cite web |date=November 25, 1987 |title=Domino's picks Unity Temple for restoration challenge grant |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011987-12311989&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19871125_english_79&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=79 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Bohlin |first=Virginia |date=November 1, 1987 |title=Baseball owner a major leaguer in the world of decorative arts |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-baseball-owner-a-major/164907389/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The Boston Globe |pages=258 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1987|index=US-GDP|value=20000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} which was to be used to restore the temple's skylights.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19880127">{{cite web |date=January 27, 1988 |title=Unity Temple Foundation gets preservation grant |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011987-12311989&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19880127_english_28&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=28 }}</ref> By then, the predicted cost of the renovation had increased to $750,000.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19880127" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1987|index=US-GDP|value=750000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} In addition, the [[Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois]] and the congregation signed an agreement to preserve the temple in January 1988.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 9, 1988 |title=Pact ensures integrity |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-review-pact-ensures-integrity/164906157/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Herald and Review |pages=10 |agency=Associated Press }}</ref><ref name="JG-TC: Journal Gazette and Times-Courier 1988">{{Cite news |date=September 15, 1988 |title=Wright church's restoration begins |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jg-tc-journal-gazette-and-times-courier/164906849/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=JG-TC: Journal Gazette and Times-Courier |pages=16 |agency=Associated Press }}</ref> The council received a preservation [[easement]] that limited changes to the temple.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Bridget |date=May 30, 2007 |title=OP resident receives Unity Temple award |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012007-12312009&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20070530_english_16&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |pages=16, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012007-12312009&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20070530_english_18&df=1&dt=10 18] }}</ref> The auditorium's skylights were repaired that year,<ref name="JG-TC: Journal Gazette and Times-Courier 1988" /> and a firm from Wisconsin restored the panels and replaced 40% of the glass.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 10, 1994 |title=Preservation awards issued |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311994&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19940810_english_12&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=12 }}</ref>

Despite large donations from Kaufmann, Domino's, and [[Steelcase]], officials at the Restoration Foundation reported decreasing revenue in the 1980s.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19941123">{{cite web |last=Montgomery |first=Susan |date=November 23, 1994 |title=The quest for donations |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311994&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19941123_english_8&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=8 }}</ref> Foundation officials commissioned a report in 1989, which found that the roof was in very poor condition; foundation officials estimated that the roof would cost $280,000 to repair.<ref name="Fegelman 1989">{{Cite news |last=Fegelman |first=Andrew |date=September 15, 1989 |title=Cracks threat to Wright building |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-asheville-times-cracks-threat-to-wri/164905652/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The Asheville Times |pages=10 }}</ref><ref name="Seigenthaler 1989">{{Cite news |last=Seigenthaler |first=Katherine |date=September 25, 1989 |title=Cease-fire in Wright church spat |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-cease-fire-in-wright-chu/164906562/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=19 }}</ref>{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1989|index=US-GDP|value=280000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Though the foundation wanted to dismantle part of the roof for inspection, congregation members disputed the report's findings<ref name="Seigenthaler 1989" /> and considered severing their relationship with the foundation.<ref name="Fegelman 1989" /> Ultimately, the congregation decided to continue working with the foundation, and it ordered additional inspections of the roof.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 14, 1989 |title=More tests in store for Unity Temple |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-more-tests-in-store-for/164908024/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=25 }}</ref> During the 1990s, the temple continued to host tours for a fee,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sommers |first=Carl |date=October 6, 1991 |title=Q and A |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/06/travel/q-and-a-486191.html |access-date=January 24, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> along with services every Sunday.<ref name="Posner 1992">{{Cite news |last=Posner |first=Ellen |date=May 10, 1992 |title=An American Dreamer |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent-an-american-dreamerelle/164387051/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |work=The Independent |pages=80, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent-wright/164387235/ 82] }}</ref> Shirley Ann Ranck was named as Unity Temple's interim minister in 1991, becoming the first woman to lead the congregation in a century.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19910904">{{cite web |date=September 4, 1991 |title=Interim named at Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=ranck&i=f&d=01011991-12311999&e=universalist%20church&o=minister%20pastor&m=between&ord=e1,k1,o1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19910904_english_93&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=93 }}</ref> F. Jay Deacon became the permanent minister of the congregation in 1993,<ref name="Oak Leaves 19930901">{{cite web |date=September 1, 1993 |title=New minister at Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=deacon&i=f&d=01011992-12311994&e=unity%20temple&o=pastor%20minister&m=between&ord=e1,o1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19930901_english_94&df=1&dt=4 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=94 }}</ref> and the clerestory windows were repaired that year.<ref name="Kamin 1993">{{Cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=October 21, 1993 |title=Mies-designed House Moving to Wilder Park |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-mies-designed-house-movi/164930357/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=78 }}</ref>

The congregation merged with the Beacon Unitarian Church in 1994, becoming the '''Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation'''.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 15, 1995 |title=Two congregations take on new name |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011995-12311996&e=universalist%20church&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19950315_english_107&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=107 }}</ref> That year, the Restoration Foundation established a volunteer program to raise further money;<ref>{{cite web |date=September 21, 1994 |title=Volunteers sought for Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311994&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19940921_english_125&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=125 }}</ref> it sought to raise $600,000 over seven years.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19941123" />{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1995|index=US-GDP|value=600000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} The temple started hosting [[avant-garde music]] concerts in 1996 to raise more money.<ref name="Reich 1997">{{Cite news |last=Reich |first=Howard |date=March 23, 1997 |title=Temple of Music |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-temple-of-musichoward-r/164372825/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=7.9 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 19970226">{{cite web |last=Shields |first=Todd |date=February 26, 1997 |title=All that jazz at Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311999&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19970226_english_25&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |pages=25, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311999&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19970226_english_28&df=1&dt=10 28] }}</ref> The Oak Park village government allocated $32,500 in 1999 for a study of the temple's exterior.{{Efn-ur|Equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1999|index=US-GDP|value=32500|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} By then, $1.5 million had been spent on restoration.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19990310">{{cite web |last=Shields |first=Todd |date=March 10, 1999 |title=OP approves money for study of Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311999&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19990310_english_14&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=14 }}</ref> Simultaneously, the Restoration Foundation was raising $1.5 million in advance of the temple's centennial.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19990310" />{{Efn-ur|Both amounts are equivalent to ${{inflation|start_year=1999|index=US-GDP|value=1500000|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}}} Unlike other state governments, Illinois did not provide historic-preservation loans at the time,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=February 14, 1999 |title=Crumbling icons |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-crumbling-iconsblair-ka/164929942/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=7.1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune/54174010/ 7.12], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune/54173995/ 7.13] }}</ref> although it subsequently began distributing such loans.<ref name="Dardick 2004">{{Cite news |last=Dardick |first=Hal |date=October 7, 2004 |title=Wright's temple gets repair help |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-wrights-temple-gets-rep/164948574/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=2.1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-wrights-temple-gets-rep/164948620/ 2.10] }}</ref> State representative [[Angelo Saviano]] negotiated to secure state funding for Unity Temple after seeing the poor condition of the exterior.<ref>{{cite web |last=Thomas |first=Kadesha M. |date=June 7, 2000 |title=OP has go-to guy in Saviano |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012000-12312002&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20000607_english_8&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=8 }}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
==== 2000s ====
[[File:Unity Temple - Oak Park IL 7 (3224987418).jpg|thumb|Detail of the balcony railing in the auditorium]]

Unity Temple still had serious mechanical and structural issues in the 21st century.<ref name="Building Design & Construction 2001" /><ref name="Pierre l011">{{cite news |last=Pierre |first=Robert E. |date=January 21, 2003 |title=Saving the Wright Stuff Is A Mission for Illinois Church |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/01/21/saving-the-wright-stuff-is-a-mission-for-illinois-church/21c86a71-6496-4127-95a5-90247e35a491/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |page=A3 |id={{ProQuest|2267542368}} }}</ref> The building had no air-conditioning system, leading to significant temperature fluctuations;<ref name="Pierre l011" /> the temperature sometimes reached {{Convert|125|F}} during the summer.<ref name="Kamin 1999">{{cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=February 14, 1999 |title=Crumbling Icons Some of Frank Lloyd Wright's Greatest Buildings Are Falling Apart. But the Bigger Question is: What Can We Do to Save Them? |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|418855393}} }}</ref> The temple's roof sagged significantly, while the interiors were damaged by carbon-dioxide buildups and humidity.<ref name="Knecht p. 173">{{harvnb|Knecht|2001|ps=.|page=173 }}</ref><ref name="Building Design & Construction 2001">{{Cite magazine |date=Jan 2001 |title=Temple undoomed |magazine=Building Design & Construction |page=9 |volume=42 |issue=1 |id={{ProQuest|211013541}} }}</ref> The art glass, which had cracked due to repeated [[Freeze and thaw|freezing and thawing]] over the years, needed to be repaired.<ref name="Southern Illinoisan 2005" /> The concrete facade had become cracked and [[spall]]ed,<ref name="Building Design & Construction 2001" /><ref name="Pierre l011" /> and [[condensation]] had built up within the walls, causing it to rain inside.<ref name="Kamin 1999" /> There were also leaks from the drains inside the building.<ref name="Kamin x694" /> Workers began removing concrete samples from the facade in January 2000 in preparation for a wider-ranging renovation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bentrup |first=Cheri |date=January 12, 2000 |title=Work crews tend to Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01012000-12312002&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20000112_english_9&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=9 }}</ref> After the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois labeled the building among Illinois's most endangered structures that March,<ref name="Mendell 2000">{{Cite news |last=Mendell |first=David |date=March 22, 2000 |title=McPier building, DuPage Theatre on endangered list |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-mcpier-building-dupage/164950216/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=2.2 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 20000329">{{cite web |last=Blaser |first=Randy |date=March 29, 2000 |title=How Unity Temple won $1 million |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01012000-12312002&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20000329_english_7&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |pages=7, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01012000-12312002&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20000329_english_14&df=1&dt=10 14] }}</ref> the state government gave Unity Temple $1 million for restoration.<ref>{{cite news |last=Donato |first=Marla |date=May 2, 2000 |title=State to Give $1 Million to Unity Temple to Restore Wright's Design |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/05/02/state-to-give-1-million-to-unity-temple-to-restore-wrights-design/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=2C3 |id={{ProQuest|419106688}} }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 20000329" />

By late 2000, workers were about to restore the concrete.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bentrup |first=Cheri |date=December 27, 2000 |title=Unity Temple repairs to begin in February |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01012000-12312002&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20001227_english_10&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=10 }}</ref> This work was part of a larger, three-phase project<ref name="Building Design & Construction 2001" /><ref>{{harvnb|Knecht|2001|ps=.|page=174 }}</ref> which would cost up to $5 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannion |first=Annemarie |date=September 27, 2000 |title=Prairie home companion |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-prairie-home-companiona/164948098/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=135 }}</ref> Holes were cut into the facade, and the underlying rebar was replaced.<ref>{{harvnb|Knecht|2001|ps=.|pages=173–174 }}</ref> Fern C. Stanley was appointed as interim pastor in August 2002.<ref name="Kates 2003">{{Cite news |last=Kates |first=Joan Giangrasse |date=May 25, 2003 |title=Oak Park cleric helped Oklahoma after bombing |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-oak-park-cleric-helped-o/164978324/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=4.11 }}</ref> After her death in May 2003,<ref name="Kates 2003" /><ref>{{cite web |date=January 18, 2005 |title=Unity Temple installs new minister |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012005-12312006&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20050118_english_92&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=92 }}</ref> Alan Taylor became Unity Temple's pastor the same year.<ref name="Oak Leaves 20030910" /> At that point, there were 359 congregants,<ref name="Oak Leaves 20030910">{{cite web |last=Bentrup |first=Cheri |date=September 10, 2003 |title=Taylor at helm of Unity congregation |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=taylor&i=f&d=01012000-12312009&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20030910_english_63&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=65 }}</ref> though Taylor helped double the congregation's size during his 18-year tenure.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schwing |first=John |date=September 7, 2023 |title=Minister takes 'hybrid' pulpit at UUWestport |url=https://westportjournal.com/community/minister-takes-hybrid-pulpit-at-uuwestport/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Westport Journal }}</ref> The Landmarks Preservation Council provided $100,000 for a [[geothermal heating]] upgrade in 2004,<ref name="Oak Leaves 20041027">{{Cite news |last=Dardick |first=Hal |date=October 7, 2004 |title=Wright's temple gets repair help |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-wrights-temple-gets-rep/164943767/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=2.3 }}</ref><ref name="Oak Leaves 20041027a">{{cite web |last=Bentrup |first=Cheri |date=October 27, 2004 |title=Unity Temple gets preservation grant |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012003-12312004&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20041027_english_8&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=8 }}</ref> which was part of the first phase of a $12–15 million renovation.<ref name="Oak Leaves 20041027a" /><ref name="Stuart k623">{{cite web |last=Stuart |first=Laura |date=November 8, 2005 |title=The greening of Unity Temple |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2005/11/08/the-greening-of-unity-temple/ |access-date=January 27, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref><ref name="AR-2006-02">{{cite magazine |last=Bowen |first=Ted Smalley |date=Feb 2006 |title=Unity Temple will use geothermal energy after its first major restoration |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2006-02.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |pages=139–140 |volume=194 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|222131743}} }}</ref> The Restoration Foundation planned to patch the concrete<ref name="Stuart k623" /> and add a [[heating, ventilation, and air conditioning]] system.<ref name="Oak Leaves 20041027" /><ref name="Hampton b253">{{cite web |last=Van Hampton |first=Tudor |date=November 25, 2009 |title=As More Buildings Go Geothermal, Project Teams Are Thinking Outside the Borehole |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/58-as-more-buildings-go-geothermal-project-teams-are-thinking-outside-the-borehole?page=3 |access-date=January 27, 2025 |website=Engineering News-Record }}</ref> The third and final phase would entail restoration of the interior.<ref name="Stuart k623" /><ref name="Hampton b253" /> Gunny Harboe, a restoration architect based in nearby Chicago, was hired to design a restoration of the temple.<ref name="Dardick 2004" /> A test well for the heating system was installed in late 2005.<ref name="Southern Illinoisan 2005">{{Cite news |date=October 3, 2005 |title=Going 'green' at Unity Temple |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/southern-illinoisan-going-green-at-uni/164983161/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Southern Illinoisan |pages=21 |agency=Associated Press }}</ref><ref name="Stuart k623" /> The congregation continued to host tours,<ref name="Pierre l011" /> and it sold off furniture and furnishings to raise money.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=May–June 2003 |title=Vase and chairs sold to preserve Wright church |magazine=UU World : The Magazine of the Unitarian Universalist Association |page=50 |volume=17 |issue=3 |id={{ProQuest|201556250}} }}</ref><ref name="Weekend Chicago Defender 2003">{{Cite news |date=October 4, 2003 |title=BauHaus Apprenticeship Institute donates replicas of heirloom chairs to Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple |work=Weekend Chicago Defender |page=36 |id={{ProQuest|2572615518}} }}</ref>

By the mid-2000s, the temple attracted 25–30 thousand annual visitors, many of them from outside the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bentrup |first=Cheri |date=January 5, 2005 |title=Unity Temple to mark Wright's visit to Japan |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012005-12312006&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20050105_english_13&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=13 }}</ref> Because parts of the temple were still being used as offices and classrooms, they could not be renovated until the congregation obtained additional space.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 10, 2006 |title=May 13 view proposed designs for Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012005-12312006&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20060510_english_98&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |pages=98, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012005-12312006&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20060510_english_99&df=1&dt=10 99] }}</ref> Part of the ceiling collapsed around 2008;<ref name="Johnson o698">{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Steve |date=July 29, 2015 |title=Fixing Frank: Unity Temple gets a sorely needed $23 million restoration |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/07/29/fixing-frank-unity-temple-gets-a-sorely-needed-23-million-restoration/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> the water damage was attributed to the lack of [[expansion joint]]s and a flat roof.<ref name="Stempniak w160">{{cite web |last=Stempniak |first=Marty |date=April 28, 2009 |title=Unity Temple lands on national endangered list |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2009/04/28/unity-temple-lands-on-national-endangered-list/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> A huge piece of the left wall had cracked open,<ref name="Johnson o698" /> and there were cracks in the facade and leaks throughout the building.<ref name="Working 2008">{{Cite news |last=Working |first=Russell |date=December 17, 2008 |title=Unity Temple captures $200,000 federal grant |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-unity-temple-captures-2/164304954/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=1.30 }}</ref> Unity Temple received a $200,000 [[matching funds]] grant in December 2008 through the [[Save America's Treasures]] program,<ref name="Working 2008" /><ref>{{cite web |date=December 22, 2008 |title=Unity Temple wins $200K grant |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2008/12/22/unity-temple-wins-200k-grant/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> contingent on the congregation raising an equivalent amount for the temple's restoration.<ref name="Stempniak w160" /> The next year, the National Trust for Historic Preservation added Unity Temple to its [[America's Most Endangered Places]] list,<ref name="Stempniak w160" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lacayo |first=Richard |date=April 27, 2009 |title=The Eleven Most Endangered Historic Sites |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2009/04/27/the-eleven-most-endangered-historic-sites/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |magazine=Time |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=April 27, 2009 |title=Preservation Group Lists Most Endangered Places |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/arts/design/28enda.html?_r&#61;1 |access-date=January 29, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> and the temple received more than $82,000 for visitor services such as tours and brochures.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vassolo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 10, 2009 |title=Unity Temple awarded improvement grant |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-unity-temple-awarded-imp/165012651/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=0.1 }}</ref> By then, the renovation was scheduled to cost $20–25 million,<ref>{{cite web |last=Dechter |first=Felicia |date=September 24, 2009 |title=Gala to celebrate 100 years of Unity Temple |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012007-12312009&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20090924_english_12&df=11&dt=20 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |pages=12, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01012007-12312009&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_20090924_english_15&df=11&dt=20 15] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Von Rhein |first=John |date=May 14, 2009 |title=Chicago Chamber Musicians to help Unity Temple effort |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-chicago-chamber-musician/165011944/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=3.3 }}</ref> and the Restoration Foundation hoped to raise more money for restoration if the building were designated as a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bergin |first=Mary |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Take Ten: Frank Lloyd Wright sites |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/kenosha-news-take-ten-frank-lloyd-wrigh/161909130/ |access-date=December 30, 2024 |work=Kenosha News |pages=45 }}</ref>

==== 2010s to present ====
[[File:Unity Temple.JPG|thumb|Interior of the auditorium, facing the pulpit|alt=Interior of the auditorium as seen from the balcony. There is a wooden pulpit near the wall at the far end. Stairs ascend and descend on either side of the pulpit.]]

Most of the letters from the sign above Unity Temple's main entrance were stolen in 2010, shortly after the roof was replaced for $500,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 4, 2010 |title=Century-Old Bronze Letters Stolen off Unity Temple |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/local/landmark-unity-temple-oak-park-stolen-letters/2088849/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=NBC Chicago |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=October 4, 2010 |title=Thieves Steal Bronze Lettering Off Historic Temple |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/46691/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=CBS Chicago }}</ref> After the congregation raised $3,000 to replace the letters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaworski |first=Jim |date=October 27, 2011 |title=Stolen Unity letters expected to be replaced |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-stolen-unity-letters-exp/165015637/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=0.3 }}</ref> a local preservation firm installed a new sign above the entrance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Malina |first=Amy |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Victory over the elements |url=https://www.forestparkreview.com/2012/08/14/victory-over-the-elements/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Forest Park Review }}</ref> The [[Alphawood Foundation]] pledged $10 million toward the temple's restoration in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lothson |first=Anna |date=May 15, 2013 |title=Chicago foundation pledges $10 million toward Unity Temple restoration |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2013/05/15/chicago-foundation-pledges-0-million-toward-unity-temple-restoration/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=May 16, 2013 |title=Deal reached to restore Frank Lloyd Wright temple in Oak Park |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-taylorville-daily-breeze-courier-dea/165017142/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=The Taylorville Daily Breeze Courier |pages=5 |agency=Associated Press }}</ref><ref name="Bentley o054">{{cite web |last=Bentley |first=Chris |date=May 16, 2013 |title=Unity Temple Congregation May Yield Ownership in Costly Restoration Campaign |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2013/05/unity-temple-congregation-may-yield-ownership-in-costly-restoration-campaign/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=The Architect's Newspaper }}</ref> The congregation also considered transferring ownership of the temple to Alphawood so that organization could help maintain the building.<ref name="Bentley o054" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2013 |title=Unity Temple ownership could change hands |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2013/05/24/unity-temple-ownership-could-change-hands/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bey |first=Lee |date=May 15, 2013 |title=Congregation mulls yielding ownership of Frank Lloyd Wright-designed church |url=https://www.wbez.org/culture/2013/05/15/congregation-mulls-yielding-ownership-of-frank-lloyd-wright-designed-church |access-date=January 29, 2025 |publisher=WBEZ }}</ref> By early 2015, the Restoration Foundation had about $11.5 million<ref name="Mullen s067">{{cite web |last=Mullen |first=Caitlin |date=August 3, 2015 |title=Dust flying as Unity Temple restoration gets fully underway |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/08/03/dust-flying-as-unity-temple-restoration-gets-fully-underway/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> or $12.5 million on hand.<ref name="Hernandez z123">{{cite web |last=Hernandez |first=Alex V. |date=March 23, 2015 |title=Unity Temple congregation finds new home as renovation nears |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/03/23/unity-temple-congregation-finds-new-home-as-renovation-nears/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-unity-temple-finds-new-h/165017378/ TAB-16] }}</ref> Restorers drew up detailed plans to repaint the building, restore the original architectural features, and repair mechanical systems; the plans needed approval from three agencies before renovations could start.<ref name="Mullen s067" />

A full restoration began in 2015,<ref name="Johnson o698" /><ref name="Inklebarger t044">{{cite web |last=Inklebarger |first=Timothy |date=June 23, 2015 |title=Unity Temple under wraps as restoration begins |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2015/06/23/unity-temple-under-wraps-as-restoration-begins/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> at which point the project was to cost $23 million<ref name="Johnson o698" /> or $25 million.<ref name="Inklebarger t044" /> The congregation relocated that June;<ref name="Johnson o698" /><ref name="Inklebarger t044" /> services were hosted in the nearby United Lutheran Church, while church officials also used an administrative office on South Boulevard and another office nearby.<ref name="Hernandez z123" /> The first phase of the project involved replacing the skylights, roof, and shotcrete facade. A second phase included the geothermal and HVAC system, new art glass, and new light fixtures.<ref name="Inklebarger t044" /> The windows were restored in California, and new electric wiring, glass, and wood finishes were added.<ref name="CBS Chicago 2017 o792">{{cite web |date=May 25, 2017 |title=Unity Temple Reopens After Multi-Million Dollar Renovations |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/unity-temple-renovations-frank-lloyd-wright/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |website=CBS Chicago }}</ref> The project was supposed to be completed in late 2016<ref name="Mullen s067" /> but was postponed by several months because of restorers' focus on architectural details.<ref name="Mullen o997">{{cite web |last=Mullen |first=Caitlin |date=November 29, 2016 |title=Unity Temple restoration now expected to be complete in March |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2016/11/29/unity-temple-restoration-now-expected-to-be-complete-in-march/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> The congregation bought the nearby Oak Park Billiards building on South Boulevard in 2016, which was also renovated.<ref name="Mullen o997" /><ref>{{cite web |date=September 28, 2016 |title=Oak Park Church to Sell Iconic Billiards Tables |url=https://news.wttw.com/2016/09/28/oak-park-church-sell-iconic-billiards-tables |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=WTTW News |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Inklebarger |first=Timothy |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Unity Temple to open offices, classrooms in old pool hall |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2016/10/04/unity-temple-to-open-offices-classrooms-in-old-pool-hall/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref>

Following a preview event in May 2017 to mark the renovation's completion,<ref name="Gauer x647" /><ref name="CBS Chicago 2017 o792" /> the temple formally reopened on June 17, 2017,<ref>{{cite web |last=Lewis |first=Sean |date=June 18, 2017 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's newly-restored Unity Temple reopens its doors |url=https://wgntv.com/news/frank-lloyd-wrights-newly-restored-unity-temple-reopens-its-doors/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |publisher=WGN-TV }}</ref> and tours resumed that July.<ref>{{cite web |last=Koziarz |first=Jay |date=June 29, 2017 |title=Tour Frank Lloyd Wright's restored Unity Temple starting this weekend |url=https://chicago.curbed.com/2017/6/29/15881910/frank-lloyd-wright-unity-temple-tours |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011190120/https://chicago.curbed.com/2017/6/29/15881910/frank-lloyd-wright-unity-temple-tours |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Curbed Chicago }}</ref><ref name="Dechter 2017">{{cite web |last=Dechter |first=Felicia |date=July 2, 2017 |title=Column: Unity Temple tours to showcase renovation work |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2017/07/02/column-unity-temple-tours-to-showcase-renovation-work/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> About half of the construction cost had been raised at the time.<ref name="Hindery h568">{{cite web |last=Hindery |first=Rachel K. |date=May 26, 2017 |title=Unity Temple officials on restoration of 'internationally iconic' Frank Lloyd Wright building |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2017/05/26/unity-temple-officials-on-restoration-of-internationally-iconic-frank-lloyd-wright-building/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> After a developer proposed a 28-story tower nearby in 2018, the church's board of trustees expressed concerns that the tower would cast shadows on the temple;<ref>{{cite web |last=Inklebarger |first=Timothy |date=December 19, 2018 |title=Unity Temple congregation opposes Golub tower |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2018/12/19/unity-temple-congregation-opposes-golub-tower/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Schering |first=Steve |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Expressing 'serious concerns,' Unity Temple board announces opposition to proposed 28-story development |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2018/12/18/expressing-serious-concerns-unity-temple-board-announces-opposition-to-proposed-28-story-development/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> the tower was eventually canceled.<ref>{{cite web |last=Inklebarger |first=Timothy |date=March 22, 2019 |title=Golub pulls plans for 28-story high-rise |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2019/03/22/golub-pulls-plans-for-28-story-high-rise/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> Alan Taylor resigned as Unity Temple's senior minister in 2021.<ref name="Holmes h818">{{cite web |last=Holmes |first=Tom |date=April 9, 2021 |title=Unity Temple's minister, Alan Taylor, leaving after 18 years |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2021/04/09/unity-temples-minister-alan-taylor-leaving-after-18-years/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> Roger Bertschausen became the senior minister in 2023,<ref name="Holmes e727">{{cite web |last=Holmes |first=Tom |date=September 19, 2023 |title=Unity Temple welcomes a 'temporary/long term' leader |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2023/09/19/unity-temple-welcomes-a-temporary-long-term-leader/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> and the Unity Temple Restoration Foundation was dissolved that year.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheridan |first=Stacey |date=October 10, 2023 |title=The foundation designed to restore Unity Temple is dissolving |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2023/10/10/the-foundation-designed-to-restore-unity-temple-is-dissolving/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Pride |first=Ray |date=September 25, 2023 |title=Today In Culture, September 25, 2023: Unity Temple Foundation Closing |url=https://www.newcity.com/2023/09/25/today-in-culture-september-25-2023-unity-temple-foundation-closing-jeffs-to-honor-falls-more-nobodys-darling/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=Newcity }}</ref>

==Building==
[[File:Oak Park Il Unity Temple1.jpg|thumb|The temple as seen from a parking lot to the east]]

Unity Temple is located at 875 [[Lake Street (Chicago)|Lake Street]] in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], United States.<ref name="Wright Sites">{{cite book |last=Hoglund |first=Joel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhMmDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |title=Wright Sites: A Guide to Frank Lloyd Wright Public Places |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-61689-590-7 |page=58 |access-date=January 31, 2025 }}</ref> Designed by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] in the [[Prairie style]],<ref name="Gibson e506" /> the structure is T-shaped in plan, measuring {{Convert|142|ft}}<ref name="NPS p. 2">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1970|ps=.|page=2 }}</ref> or {{Convert|144|ft}} long from north to south.<ref name="Siry p. 139" /><ref name="Sokol p. 79" /> On the same city block to the east is [[Scoville Square]]. The [[Calvary Memorial Church]] is nearby to the west, across Kenilworth Avenue, while the [[Oak Park Public Library]] and [[Scoville Park]] are directly to the north, across Lake Street. In addition, the [[Oak Park station (CTA Green Line)|Oak Park station]] of the [[Chicago "L"]]'s [[Green Line (CTA)|Green Line]] is two blocks to the southeast.<ref name="Oak Park Map Viewer">{{cite web |title=Oak Park Map Viewer |website=GIS Consortium – Local Governments That Work Collectively |url=https://communitymapviewer.gisconsortium.org/OakParkIL |access-date=February 15, 2025 }}</ref>

Unity Temple is one of 24<ref name="Jeffrey b0492" /><ref name="Zak 2001" /> or 25 buildings that Wright designed in Oak Park,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dorman |first=John L. |date=November 18, 2015 |title=Tracing Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park, Illinois |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/travel/frank-lloyd-wright-oak-park-illinois.html |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Marcia Z. |date=September 27, 2000 |title=Past residents attract tourists |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-past-residents-attract-t/164950442/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=138 }}</ref> as well as Wright's only significant remaining Prairie-style structure that was designed as a public building.<ref name="Pierre l011" /> Wright used abstract motifs instead of overtly religious imagery,<ref name="Posner 1992" /><ref name="Siry p. 189">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=189 }}</ref> and he described the building as a "temple" because its simple motifs resembled those of old temples.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guarino |first=Jean |date=June 1, 1980 |title=Visiting the 'Prairie Style' Homes of Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park, Ill. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/06/01/archives/visiting-the-prairie-style-homes-of-frank-lloyd-wright-in-oak-park.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> Unity Temple is arranged around a grid of cubic "units" measuring {{Convert|6+5/6|ft}} on each side.<ref name="Siry p. 121">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=121 }}</ref> The building is made of four types of concrete,<ref name="Knecht p. 173" /> which were [[Cast-in-place concrete|poured in place]]<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969c" /><ref name="Inland Architect 1906 e817" />  and used because of the material's low cost.<ref name="Wright p. 154" /><ref name="Saint p. 162" /> Concrete and crushed limestone are used in the {{Convert|3|ft|4=-thick|adj=mid}} [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]] walls at the perimeter of the building, as well as underneath the columns.<ref name="Siry p. 140" /> Interior and exterior walls are made of a concrete-and-gravel [[Aggregate (composite)|aggregate]] with embedded steel rods.<ref name="Siry p. 145" /> The Temple Art Glass Company manufactured Unity Temple's multicolored [[art glass]] panes, which are bound together by strips of [[zinc]].<ref name="Siry pp. 166–167">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=166–167 }}</ref>

Several elements of the design are shared with the now-demolished Larkin Building, which was completed shortly before Unity Temple was.<ref name="Levine p. 40" /><ref name="Siry p. 189" /> For example, both structures included two rectangular spaces linked by an entrance pavilion,<ref name="Levine p. 40" /><ref name="Siry pp. 189–190">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=189–190 }}</ref> a layout also used in Wright's Oak Park studio.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=86 }}</ref> The Larkin Building and Unity Temple were both centered on a large communal room;<ref>{{cite web |last=Lubow |first=Arthur |date=May 31, 2009 |title=The Triumph of Frank Lloyd Wright |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-triumph-of-frank-lloyd-wright-132535844/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Smithsonian Magazine }}</ref> in both structures, visitors had to make several turns to access the room, and there were balconies around the space itself.<ref name="Siry pp. 189–190" /> Other decorative elements, such as contrasting vertical and horizontal lines, were also visible in both structures.<ref name="Siry pp. 189–190" /> However, the two buildings also differed in key respects, such as their functions and shapes.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=191 }}</ref><ref name="Levine p. 41" /> Unity Temple also bears similarities to the [[Prairie style]] houses that Wright designed in [[Chicagoland]];<ref name="Newsday 1957">{{Cite news |date=April 20, 1957 |title=Meeting of the Titans |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-meeting-of-the/164631034/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Newsday |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-meeting-of-the/164630990/ 1M], 2M, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-meeting-of-the/164631088/ 3M], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-meeting-of-the/164631116/ 4M] }}</ref> for instance, both Unity Temple and Wright's Prairie-style houses have windows with geometric patterns.<ref name="Wenneker 1965">{{Cite magazine |last=Wenneker |first=Lu B |date=Fall 1965 |title=Ornamentation and the Organic Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright |magazine=Art Journal |page=5 |volume=25 |issue=1 |id={{ProQuest|1290043466}} }}</ref>

=== Exterior ===
The temple is composed of two main structures—the auditorium to the north and Unity House to the south—connected by a low, central entrance hall.<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /><ref name="Sawyers y222" /><ref name="Levine p. 40" /> The arrangement allowed religious and secular activities to be kept separate.<ref name="Siry pp. 81–83" /><ref name="Inland Architect 1906 e817">{{cite magazine |date=Dec 1906 |title=Our Illustrations |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.e0000762930&seq=671 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |magazine=The Inland Architect and News Record |page=77 |via=HathiTrust |volume=LII |issue=6 }}</ref> The exterior of the auditorium section is a square measuring {{Convert|64|ft}} across and {{Convert|47|ft}} high, while Unity House measures about {{convert|90|by|50|ft}} across.<ref name="NPS p. 2" /><ref name="Ferry p. 97">{{harvnb|Ferry|1907|ps=.|page=97 }}</ref>{{Efn|{{harvnb|ps=|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907|page=102}}, cites a significantly different dimension of {{convert|90|by|40|ft}} for Unity House.}} The two-story entrance building measures {{Convert|30|by|24|ft}} across.<ref name="NPS p. 2" /> The facade is recessed {{Convert|3|ft}} from the southern edge of the site, {{Convert|18|ft}} from the western and eastern edges, and {{Convert|23|ft}} from the northern edge.<ref name="Siry p. 139" /><ref name="Sokol p. 79" />

==== Facade ====
[[File:0401 Unity Temple.jpg|thumb|Clerestory windows above the facade]]

The facade uses [[Portland cement]].<ref name="Knecht p. 173" /> To give the facade some texture, the top layer of cement was washed away, exposing bits of gravel underneath.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1964a" /><ref name="Siry p. 145" /><ref name="Kamin 2025">{{cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=January 31, 2025 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple: Rewriting the Rules; The modern American visionary upended tradition with this Chicago-area church, whose imposing exterior houses an airy, tranquil sanctuary. |url=https://www.wsj.com/style/design/frank-lloyd-wrights-unity-temple-rewriting-the-rules-4380677a |access-date=February 9, 2025 |work=The Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|3161952541}} }}</ref> The wooden formwork created markings, which remained in place after the concrete had been poured. Joseph Siry described Unity Temple's exterior as a predecessor to the ''[[béton brut]]'' ("raw concrete") facades that became popular in the 1960s.<ref name="Siry p. 147">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=147 }}</ref> There are stair towers at each corner of the auditorium building, which measure {{convert|24.5|ft}} high and {{convert|11+2/3|by|11+2/3|ft}} across.<ref name="Siry pp. 141–142">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=141–142 }}</ref> On each elevation of the facade, narrow slit windows separate the central portions of the facade from the staircase towers.<ref name="Siry pp. 141–142" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 18">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=18 }}</ref>

The base of the facade, directly above the foundation walls, is thicker than the rest of the facade<ref name="Siry p. 156">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=156 }}</ref> and is decorated with square and rectangular moldings.<ref name="Siry p. 147" /> Above the base, the facade takes two small steps inward. On each elevation of the facade, the central portions ascend without interruption to a protruding [[window sill]],<ref name="Siry p. 156" /> situated {{Convert|22|ft}} above ground.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /><ref name="Ferry p. 97" /> There is no entrance on Lake Street; instead, there is a low wall on Kenilworth Avenue, behind which a set of stairs ascends to the entrance pavilion.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 17">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=17 }}</ref> The words "For the worship of God{{\}} and the service of man" are inscribed in bronze letters above the entrance pavilion's doors.<ref name="Kamin 2025" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 17" /> There are Japanese-inspired square lanterns on the exterior, next to the entrance.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=149–150 }}</ref> Next to the Kenilworth Avenue facade, there is a [[Pier (architecture)|pier]] with [[colonnade]]s and rectangular flower boxes.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=149 }}</ref>

The centers of all four elevations of the auditorium are decorated with [[clerestory]] windows, which are recessed<ref name="Sokol p. 22" /><ref name="Concrete Engineering 1907">{{Cite magazine |date=June 15, 1907 |title=Bridge Plans and Estimates Made by the State Highway Commission |magazine=Concrete Engineering |page=289 |volume=1 |issue=12 |id={{ProQuest|128383006}} }}</ref> and measure {{Convert|38|by|63|in}} across.<ref name="Kamin 1993" /> The clerestory windows have geometric patterns<ref name="Wenneker 1965" /> and are largely made of plain glass, except for white and green panes at the tops of the windows.<ref name="Siry pp. 187–188">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=187–188 }}</ref> Each set of clerestory windows is flanked by six exterior columns.<ref name="Ferry p. 97" /><ref name="Siry p. 150" /> Additionally, Unity House has four columns on two of its elevations.<ref name="Siry p. 150">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=150 }}</ref> All of the columns were designed by Richard Bock<ref name="Schrenk p. 154" /><ref name="Siry p. 150" /> and measure {{Convert|12|ft}} tall.<ref name="Siry p. 152" /> The columns are spaced {{Convert|7|ft}} apart, aligning with the interior grid.<ref name="Siry p. 121" /> The tops of the columns are decorated with [[hollyhock]] motifs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pitz |first=Marylynne |date=June 13, 2010 |title=A Treasure Trove of Wright |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-a-treasure-trove/165014334/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |pages=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-chicago-tours-ex/165013197/ E5] |issn=2692-6903 }}</ref> The lowest 7 feet of each column is unornamented and was cast in one piece, while the ornate {{Convert|5|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} upper sections were cast in four pieces.<ref name="Ferry p. 98" /><ref name="Siry p. 152" /> The [[Base (architecture)|bases]] of the columns are stepped inward, while the [[Capital (architecture)|capitals]] are stepped outward, supporting the [[cantilever]]ed roofs above.<ref name="Siry p. 156" /> The juxtaposition of the columns, and the roofs above them, may have been an allusion to older [[Classical architecture|classical-style]] and religious buildings with pillars.<ref name="Siry p. 156" /> The facade is topped by square and rectangular [[Coping (architecture)|copings]].<ref name="Siry p. 147" /> In the 2010s, lighting was installed on the ground outside the building.<ref name="Kamin x694" />

==== Roofs ====
Unlike contemporary churches, Unity Temple was designed without a spire,<ref name="Nicholas 1962" /><ref name="Siry p. 77" /> nor did it include typical church features such as a tower or an arched roof.<ref name="Cypret 1975b" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rowley |first=Gordon E. |date=October 10, 1982 |title=Checking out what's Wright in Illinois |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-checking-out/164866859/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The San Francisco Examiner |pages=95 }}</ref> At the time of construction, church spires were increasingly outdated and were vulnerable to lightning strikes.<ref name="Siry p. 77">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=77 }}</ref> The temple is instead topped by 14,<ref name="Building Design & Construction 2001" /> 16,<ref name="Gauer x647" /> or 17 flat roofs.<ref name="Mendell 2000" /> These are made of [[Cinder block|cinder]] concrete, topped with lightweight cinder-concrete tiles.<ref name="Knecht p. 173" /> Each roof is composed of slabs measuring {{convert|40+2/3|ft}} wide.<ref name="Siry p. 156" /> The auditorium roof's [[eaves]] extend {{Convert|5|ft}} outward from the facade's columns,<ref name="Siry p. 155">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=155 }}</ref> overhanging the adjacent lawns and paths.<ref name="Levine p. 41" /> The writer Neil Levine wrote that the cantilevered roofs created the impression that the interiors were being directed outward.<ref name="Levine p. 41">{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=41 }}</ref> The edges of each roof are twice as thick as the rest of the roof, creating a low [[parapet]] wall,<ref name="Siry p. 155" /> while the eaves contrast with the facade's thick base.<ref name="Siry p. 156" />

=== Interior ===
{{Multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 700
| image1 = Unity Temple, 875 Lake Street, Oak Park, Cook County, IL HABS ILL,16-OAKPA,3- (sheet 5 of 7).png
| alt1 = Floor plan of the foyer and Unity House's lower level
| caption1 = Ground floor plan, showing the foyer and Unity House's lower level
| image2 = Unity Temple, 875 Lake Street, Oak Park, Cook County, IL HABS ILL,16-OAKPA,3- (sheet 4 of 7).png
| alt2 = Floor plan of the auditorium's lower seating level and Unity House's upper level
| caption2 = Auditorium-level floor plan, showing the auditorium's lower seating level and Unity House's upper level
| image3 = Unity Temple, 875 Lake Street, Oak Park, Cook County, IL HABS ILL,16-OAKPA,3- (sheet 6 of 7).png
| alt3 = Floor plan of the auditorium's upper seating level
| caption3 = Balcony-level floor plan
| align = center
}}

Wright described Unity Temple's interior as reflecting "the reality of the building—the space in which we live and not the walls and the roof".<ref name="Newsday 1957" /> The foundations and columns are made of conventional concrete;<ref name="Knecht p. 173" /> the floor slabs are made of cinder concrete,<ref name="Knecht p. 173" /><ref name="Siry p. 140" /> in which coal cinders are embedded into the cement.<ref name="Siry p. 140" /> The superstructure also uses steel beams, which are entirely covered with concrete.<ref name="Siry p. 140" /> The interior was more colorful than the gray exterior, in part because of the windows.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 18" /> The walls are made of plaster, which is covered with an [[Aggregate (composite)|aggregate]] of sand, cement, and putty; a sealant was added to this aggregate, and the sealant was painted.<ref name="Siry p. 165">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=165 }}</ref> The interiors are also decorated with wooden boards, which not only [[Articulation (architecture)|articulate]] (or stylize) the interiors,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 19">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=19 }}</ref><ref name="Siry p. 164" /> but also conceal electrical wires.<ref name="Siry p. 164">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=164 }}</ref> Joseph Siry described the decorations as "a poetic invention that sprang from Wright's own imagination",<ref name="Siry p. 137" /> while Neil Levine wrote that the decorations highlighted "space and depth, rather than mass and volume".<ref>{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=46 }}</ref> Wright also included high ceilings "for the contemplation for the soul", as ''Oak Leaves'' described it.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969d">{{cite web |date=June 18, 1969 |title=Concert in Unity Temple to honor Wright heritage |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011967-12311969&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19690618_english_6&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=6 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>

==== Entrance pavilion ====
An entrance pavilion, measuring {{Convert|24|by|32|ft}} across,<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /> connects the auditorium and Unity House.<ref name="Levine p. 41" /> On the first floor, there is a foyer with a low ceiling,<ref name="Levine p. 41" /><ref name="Siry p. 170">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=170 }}</ref> an example of the [[Compression and release|compression-and-release]] principle that Wright espoused.<ref name="Reid 2014">{{Cite news |last=Reid |first=Kerry |date=May 1, 2014 |title=DIY tour of FLW |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-diy-tour-of-flwkerry-re/165016757/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=4.3 }}</ref><ref name="Koziarz j035">{{cite web |last=Koziarz |first=Jay |date=June 7, 2017 |title=Restoration done Wright: A look inside Unity Temple |url=https://chicago.curbed.com/2017/6/7/15751444/frank-lloyd-wright-architecture-unity-temple-restoraton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607171603/https://chicago.curbed.com/2017/6/7/15751444/frank-lloyd-wright-architecture-unity-temple-restoraton |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Curbed Chicago }}</ref> The foyer measures about {{Convert|27|ft}} wide<ref name="Siry p. 170" /> and adjoins a cloak room and a bathroom.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /> To the north, visitors make two 90-degree turns before reaching the auditorium's perimeter,<ref>{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=xxxvii }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|pages=41–43 }}</ref> as Wright wanted visitors to go on a "path of discovery" to reach the auditorium.<ref name="Kamin 2025" /><ref name="Reid 2014" /><ref name="Koziarz j035" /> The north wall of the foyer is decorated with wooden slats and was initially designed as a hidden exit from the auditorium, without any doorknobs or visible hinges.<ref name="Siry p. 170" />

The foyer's west and east walls each contain a bank of six doors measuring {{convert|20|ft}} wide, with art-glass panes; the west doors form the main entrance.<ref name="Siry p. 170" /> The south wall has a glass partition,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 17" /> behind which Unity House's fireplace can be seen.<ref name="Levine p. 41" /> A pastor's study is located within the second floor of the pavilion and is directly connected to both the auditorium and Unity House.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=22 }}</ref>

==== Auditorium ====
===== Layout =====
[[File:Unity Temple - Oak Park IL 14 (3224136697).jpg|alt=Detail of one of the piers, with a ceiling skylight visible at left|thumb|Detail of one of the piers, with wooden strips that meet at right angles]]

Wright wrote that he had "let the room inside be the architecture outside" by designing the rest of the temple around the auditorium.<ref name="Wright p. 154" /><ref>{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=|page=11}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=58 }}</ref> The auditorium at the north end of the temple has either 380<ref name="Oak Leaves 1975e">{{cite web |date=February 26, 1975 |title=Concerts to aid restoration |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011975-12311976&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19750226_english_39&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=39 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> or 400 seats.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969c" /><ref name="News Journal 1974">{{Cite news |date=October 6, 1974 |title=Unity concert series mingles the arts |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-unity-concert-series-mingle/164850202/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=3 }}</ref><ref name="Zoroya 1998">{{cite news |last=Zoroya |first=Gregg |date=November 6, 1998 |title=Traveling to all the Wright places |work=USA Today |page=10D |id={{ProQuest|408753108}} }}</ref> It is shaped like a [[Greek cross]],<ref name="Kamin 2025" /><ref name="Levine p. 45">{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=45 }}</ref> with a freestanding pier at each corner.<ref name="Levine p. 41" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 19" /><ref name="Wright p. 155">{{harvnb|Wright|2005|ps=.|page=155 }}</ref> This contrasted with other churches in Oak Park, which had [[nave]]s that were significantly longer than their width.<ref name="Siry pp. 96–97" /> Wright wanted congregants to circulate around the auditorium's perimeter, rather than entering it from a central [[aisle]],<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=104 }}</ref> and he wanted the piers to draw visitors' attention inward.<ref name="Wright p. 155" /> The piers are connected by "cloisters", hallways {{Convert|4|ft}} beneath the auditorium's main floor.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /><ref name="Levine p. 43">{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=43 }}</ref><ref name="McCarter2 p. 17" /> According to Wright, this preserved the auditorium's "quiet and dignity" by allowing people to circulate around the room unnoticed.<ref name="McCarter2 pp. 17–18">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|pages=17–18 }}</ref> The bases of the piers contain small anterooms,<ref name="Levine p. 43" /> and staircases ascend to the main floor and balcony level.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /><ref name="McCarter2 pp. 17–18" /> The piers also include pipes and ducts for heating and ventilation.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 19" /> The piers are decorated with wooden strips that meet at right angles.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=180 }}</ref>

At the center of the cross is a square measuring {{convert|33|ft}} on each side,<ref name="Siry p. 160">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=160 }}</ref> with a [[pulpit]] at the center.<ref name="Levine p. 44" /> The pulpit is arranged so it is no farther than {{Convert|45|ft}}<ref name="Kamin x694" /><ref name="Zoroya 1998" /> or {{Convert|75|ft}} from any seat.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969d" /> In front of the pulpit is a railing with wooden boards across its surface and a wooden coping at its top. The center of the railing, in front of the pulpit's [[lectern]], is slightly raised. There is a bench behind the railing, as well as lamps to either side.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=186 }}</ref> The southern wall contains a [[choir loft]] directly above the auditorium's entrance, which extends to the balcony level.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /> The [[choir screen]] consists of a series of vertical slits and interlocking [[Plane (geometry)|geometric planes]].<ref name="Levine p. 44" /><ref name="Siry pp. 182–183">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=182–183 }}</ref> The screen protrudes from the south wall, providing space for the organ pipes behind it.<ref name="Siry pp. 182–183" /> There is a door to the pastor's study behind the choir screen.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" />[[Image:Unity Temple, 875 Lake Street, Oak Park, Cook County, IL 061740pv.jpg|thumb|right|[[Historic American Buildings Survey]] photograph of the pulpit]]The pews in the auditorium are variants of a mass-produced model of pews manufactured by the [[American Seating Company]].<ref name="Sokol pp. 119–120" /> On three sides of the main floor are raised pews, which seat 54 people each;<ref name="Levine p. 44">{{harvnb|Levine|1996|ps=.|page=44 }}</ref> they are [[Rake (theatre)|raked]], sloping down toward the pulpit.<ref name="Siry p. 177">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=177 }}</ref> The layout also allows audience members to face each other.<ref name="Siry p. 189" /><ref name="Reid 2014" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 21">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|page=21 }}</ref> Exits from either side of the pulpit lead directly to the entrance pavilion.<ref name="Levine p. 44" /><ref name="McCarter2 pp. 21–22" /><ref name="Biemiller 1996">{{Cite magazine |last=Biemiller |first=Lawrence |date=February 23, 1996 |title=Lessons in wood and stone |magazine=The Chronicle of Higher Education |page=C5 |volume=42 |issue=24 |id={{ProQuest|214726508}} }}</ref> This eliminated the need for congregants to turn away from the pulpit to leave, as was customary in older churches,<ref name="Oak Leaves 1969c" /><ref name="Levine p. 44" /><ref name="McCarter2 pp. 21–22">{{harvnb|McCarter et al|1997|ps=.|pages=21–22 }}</ref> and it allowed congregants to mingle with the pastor or other speakers at the pulpit.<ref name="Biemiller 1996" /> According to architectural critic [[Blair Kamin]], the layout makes it so that "one enters as an individual and leaves as a member of a community".<ref name="Kamin x694" /> The exit doors are normally closed during services.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957c" /> Since 2017, there has been a video screen behind the pulpit.<ref name="Hindery h568" />

The balcony is about {{convert|13.5|ft}} or two units above the ground<ref name="Siry p. 124" /> and also surrounds the auditorium on three sides.<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /><ref name="Levine p. 43" /> The balcony has 153 seats in total,<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 102" /> which are more steeply raked than those on the main level.<ref name="Siry p. 177" /> The balcony is illuminated by spherical lamps, and there are wooden bands on the balcony's railings and on the [[soffit]] along the balcony's underside.<ref name="Siry p. 177" /> The architectural historian Robert Twombly wrote that the balconies gave the auditorium an intimate feel while allowing visitors to feel like they were part of a larger "majestic whole".<ref name="nyt-1984-09-02" />

===== Decorations =====
The decorations in the auditorium, such as the windows and chandeliers, are generally designed with cruciform motifs, recalling its overall shape.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 21" /> Generally, the lower part of the room is painted in darker shades of yellow and green, while the upper part is painted in lighter shades. The [[baseboard]]s and the piers' [[pedestal]]s were left unpainted, since Wright anticipated that this would give the room a more somber ambiance.<ref name="Siry pp. 187–188" /> Natural light is provided through ceiling skylights and clerestories,<ref name="McCarter2 p. 18" /><ref name="Concrete Engineering 1907" /> as well as the narrow slit windows.<ref name="Inland Architect 1906 e817" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 18" /> According to Wright, the windows were intended "to get a sense of a happy cloudless day into the room".<ref name="Wright p. 155" /><ref name="Levine p. 45" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 18" /> Other than the slit windows and the door to the foyer, the lower part of the auditorium has no openings.<ref name="Inland Architect 1906 e817" /> Wright had designed planters or urns for the auditorium, but church officials refused to accept them.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=|pages=184–185}}; {{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|pages=132–135 }}</ref> The auditorium also has several hardwood chairs, built in 2003 to replace the original Wright–designed chairs.<ref name="Weekend Chicago Defender 2003" />

The auditorium's ceiling is {{convert|27|ft}} high.<ref name="Siry p. 124">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=124 }}</ref> The center of the ceiling is topped by amber skylights,<ref name="Levine p. 41" /> which are surrounded by bands of wood.<ref name="Siry p. 164" /> The roof is supported by solid concrete beams oriented east–west, while the north–south beams are of hollow concrete.<ref name="Siry p. 172">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=172 }}</ref> Inset within this grid of beams are 25 square skylight panels.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 18" /><ref name="Siry p. 172" /><ref name="JG-TC: Journal Gazette and Times-Courier 1988" /> Each panel measures {{Convert|4+5/6|ft}} across, with 83 pieces of glass,<ref name="JG-TC: Journal Gazette and Times-Courier 1988" /> and is decorated with a fork-shaped motif pointing in one of the four cardinal directions.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=174–175 }}</ref> A ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article likened the skylights' designs to [[Piet Mondrian]]'s artwork.<ref name="nyt-1984-09-02" /> The space is also illuminated by overhanging spherical chandeliers flanked by cubic lamps,<ref name="Schrenk p. 151" /><ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=185–186 }}</ref> and the perimeter of the ceiling is made of oak boards.<ref name="Siry p. 164" />

==== Unity House ====
[[File:Historic American Buildings Survey Philip Turner, Photographer June 1967 INTERIOR- LOOKING NORTH - Unity Temple, 875 Lake Street, Oak Park, Cook County, IL HABS ILL,16-OAKPA,3-5.tif|alt=Interior of Unity House, looking north toward the temple. The ceiling has rectangular glass skylights with wood borders. The foyer is visible in the background.|thumb|Interior of Unity House, looking north toward the temple]]

The interior of Unity House is painted in various shades of green, yellow, and brown.<ref name="Siry p. 165" /> Unity House's primary interior space measures about {{convert|82+5/6|by|27+1/6|ft}} across, corresponding to approximately 12 by 4 units.<ref name="Siry p. 160" /> There is a square hall at the center, measuring about {{Convert|30|ft}}<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" /> or {{Convert|33+5/6|ft}} on each side.<ref name="Siry p. 160" /> There are balconies to the west and east of the central hall, on the same story as the auditorium's lower seating level.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" /><ref name="Siry pp. 161–162" /> The balconies are supported by [[I-beam]]s and contain small columns with wooden [[Sconce (light fixture)|sconces]],<ref name="Siry pp. 161–162" /> in addition to railings with wood strips.<ref name="Siry p. 164" /> The columns have vertical wood strips along their shafts and horizontal wood strips at their capitals.<ref name="Siry p. 164" /> The spaces under each balcony are illuminated by spherical lamps.<ref name="Siry pp. 161–162">{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|pages=161–162 }}</ref> The balconies and the spaces beneath them were originally used as classrooms.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" />

There are square closets at each corner of Unity House's main room, measuring about 1 unit wide.<ref name="Siry p. 160" /> On the southern wall of the central hall is a recess with a fireplace measuring about {{Convert|13+1/6|ft}} wide;<ref name="Siry p. 160" /> this feature recalled many of Wright's residential designs, which also had central fireplaces.<ref name="Gibson e506">{{cite web |last=Gibson |first=Eleanor |date=June 12, 2017 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple was the "first expression" of modern architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/12/unity-temple-frank-lloyd-wright-chicago-oak-park-modern-architecture-150th-birthday/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Dezeen }}</ref> On the northern wall, there are three casement windows facing the pastor's study.<ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" />

Unity House primarily receives natural light from skylights in the ceiling.<ref name="Inland Architect 1906 e817" /> The roof [[truss]]es are supported by eight columns arranged in a 2×4 grid.<ref name="Siry p. 160" /> The ceiling is divided into rectangular [[coffer]]s measuring {{convert|15|by|4.5|ft|adj=off}} across. Each coffer has a skylight with four glass panes, which are either opaque or tinted in various shades of yellow, green, and brown.<ref name="Siry pp. 166–167" /> There are seven skylights in total, all of which are surrounded by wood strips.<ref name="Siry p. 164" /><ref name="McCarter2 p. 22" /> Rectangular and square motifs, reminiscent of the floor plans, are used in the skylights.<ref name="Siry p. 168" />

=== Mechanical features ===
Unity Temple originally had a coal-fired steam boiler, in addition to concrete ducts that were supposed to distribute heat.<ref name="AR-2006-02" /><ref name="Hampton b253" /><ref name="Sokol p. 137">{{harvnb|Sokol|2008|ps=.|page=137 }}</ref> The ducts proved ineffective at carrying air,<ref name="Sokol p. 137" /> and as such, steam radiators were installed shortly after the temple was finished.<ref name="AR-2006-02" /><ref name="Hampton b253" /><ref name="Sokol pp. 138–139" /> A hot-water system was also installed within half a year of the temple's completion; it remained in use through the 21st century.<ref name="Southern Illinoisan 2005" /> The coal-fired boiler was replaced with an oil-fired boiler in the early 20th century, and a gas generator was added later in the century.<ref name="AR-2006-02" /> Since the 2010s, the church has been heated by a [[geothermal heating]] system,<ref>{{cite web |last=Lydersen |first=Kari |date=October 15, 2018 |title=Geothermal and the city: Utilities and industry push installations in Chicago |url=https://energynews.us/2018/10/15/geothermal-and-the-city-utilities-and-industry-push-installations-in-chicago/ |access-date=January 27, 2025 |website=Energy News Network }}</ref> which consists of nine {{Convert|500|ft|4=-deep|adj=mid}} wells on the lawn just north of the church.<ref name="Johnson o698" /> This system includes ice-storage space and a set of geothermal wells.<ref name="Hampton b253" /><ref name="AR-2006-02" />

== Clergy, services, and programs ==
=== Clergy ===
{{As of|2025}}, Roger Bertschausen is the senior minister at Unity Temple,<ref name="Ministers e460">{{cite web |date=March 6, 2024 |title=Ministers |url=https://unitytemple.org/ministers/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Unity Temple }}</ref> having joined as a "developmental minister" in 2023.<ref name="Holmes e727" /> The associate minister is Emily Gage,<ref name="Ministers e460" /> who joined as the minister of faith development in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holmes |first=Tom |date=October 7, 2008 |title=Called to faith |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2008/10/07/called-to-faith/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> The church hosts services every Sunday at 9:00&nbsp;a.m. and 10:45&nbsp;a.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Sunday Service |url=https://unitytemple.org/sunday-service/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=Unity Temple }}</ref> In addition, it has hosted an annual meeting every May.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1962a" /> Senior pastors and senior ministers over the years have included:

<!--{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}-->
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Senior pastor/minister
!Start year
!End year
!{{Abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
|A. H. Sweetser
|1871
|1872
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|J. O. M. Hewitt
|1872
|1875
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|John W. Hinds
|1875
|1878
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|LeGrand Powers
|1878
|1879
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|N. S. Sage{{Efn|There was no official pastor from 1879 to 1881, though Sage appeared the most frequently.}}
|1879
|1881
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|H. D. L. Webster
|1882
|1883
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|[[Augusta Jane Chapin]]
|1886
|1891
|<ref name="Oak Leaves p. 101" />
|-
|Rodney F. Johonnot
|1892
|1910
|<ref name="Siry p. 52; Sokol p. 12" /><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1910" />
|-
|S. G. Dunham
|data-sort-value="1910"| {{Circa}} 1910
|1913
|<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1910a">{{Cite news |date=November 27, 1910 |title=Hold 'Social Clinics' Class |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-hold-social-clinics-cl/164611630/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |pages=8 |via=newspapers.com |issn=1085-6706}}</ref><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1913" />
|-
|William J. Taylor
|1913
|1919
|<ref name="Wausau Pilot 1919" />
|-
|James W. Vallentyne
|1919
|1924
|<ref name="Portland Press Herald 1924" />
|-
|Daniel T. Denman
|1925
|1932
|<ref name="Chicago Daily Tribune 1932" />
|-
|Frank D. Adams
|1932
|1945
|<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1932" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1945b" />
|-
|John Q. Parkhurst
|1945
|1952
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 1945a" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1952a" />
|-
|Robert M. Rice
|1952
|1970
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 1952a" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1971a2" />
|-
|Gerald Krick
|1971
|{{Circa|1980}}
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 1971a2" />
|-
|Charles Scot Giles
|1981
|1990
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 1981b" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 19930901" />
|-
|Shirley Ann Ranck
|1991
|{{Circa|1992}}
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 19910904" />
|-
|F. Jay Deacon
|1993
|{{Circa|2002}}
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 19930901" />
|-
|Fern C. Stanley
|2002
|2003
|<ref name="Kates 2003" />
|-
|Alan Taylor
|2003
|2021
|<ref name="Oak Leaves 20030910" /><ref name="Holmes h818" />
|-
|Roger Bertschausen
|2023
|present
|<ref name="Holmes e727" />
|}
<!--{{Div col end}}-->

=== Events and tours ===
Over the years, Unity Temple has been included in tours of Wright's Oak Park buildings,<ref>See, for example: {{cite web |date=October 16, 1974 |title=Special Wright bus tour slated for Nov. 9 |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011973-12311974&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19741016_english_4&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=4 |via=River Forest Public Library |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=July 14, 1978 |title=Mining Oak Park's treasures... in a 9-day showcase of arts, architecture, history |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-mining-oak-parks-treasu/164836888/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=4.3, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-mining-oak-parks-treasu/164836949/ 4.5] }}</ref> such as tours provided by the [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio]] Foundation (later the Frank Lloyd Wright Trust).<ref>See, for example: {{Cite news |last=Guarino |first=Jean |date=March 30, 1975 |title=Wright tour center is architectural hub |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-wright-tour-center-is-archi/164905961/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=10 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=McLane |first=Daisann |date=June 27, 1999 |title=Frugal Traveler; City of Skyscrapers and Sister Carrie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/27/travel/frugal-traveler-city-of-skyscrapers-and-sister-carrie.html?searchResultPosition&#61;1 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> Unity Temple is also part of the annual "Wright Plus" walking tour, which includes visits to several buildings designed by Wright.<ref name="Zak 2001">{{Cite news |last=Zak |first=Victor |date=March 18, 2001 |title=Something so right in Oak Park |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-somethi/164072115/ |access-date=January 27, 2025 |work=The Central New Jersey Home News |pages=F1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-oak/164072926/ F5] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Megan |first=Graydon |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Lineup set for Oak Park's Wright Plus house tour, including some featured for first time |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/01/24/lineup-set-for-frank-lloyd-wright-house-tour-including-some-featured-for-first-time/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> By 2017, the Frank Lloyd Wright Trust hosted tours of Unity Temple six days a week, in addition to more detailed tours once a week.<ref name="Dechter 2017" /> During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual tours of the temple were also hosted.<ref>{{cite web |last=Koziarz |first=Jay |date=April 3, 2020 |title=Take virtual tours of 12 Frank Lloyd Wright masterpieces each week |url=https://chicago.curbed.com/2020/4/3/21204455/frank-lloyd-wright-virtual-tours-coronavirus-unity-temple |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406033224/https://chicago.curbed.com/2020/4/3/21204455/frank-lloyd-wright-virtual-tours-coronavirus-unity-temple |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Curbed Chicago }}</ref> Since 2018, Unity Temple has been part of the Frank Lloyd Wright Trail, a collection of 13 buildings designed by Wright in Illinois.<ref>{{cite web |last=Malone |first=David |date=May 8, 2018 |title=Illinois Office of Tourism unveils new Frank Lloyd Wright Trail |url=https://www.bdcnetwork.com/home/news/55161732/illinois-office-of-tourism-unveils-new-frank-lloyd-wright-trail |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Building Design+Construction |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=13 Wright sites on Illinois trail |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/cruises/frank-lloyd-wright-trail-illinois-gallery-20180504-photogallery.html |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |issn=0458-3035 }}</ref>

The church began hosting concerts in late 1973.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1974c" /> Musicians frequently requested permission to perform there,<ref name="News Journal 1974" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1976a" /> prompting the church to launch a regular concert series in 1974.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1975e" /> The series, which included music from a variety of genres, raised over $50,000 for the temple in its first quarter-century.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mauro |first=Lucia |date=May 6, 1998 |title=Unity Temple concert celebrates 25th |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011997-12311999&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19980506_english_37&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |pages=B3, [https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011997-12311999&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_river_forest_19980506_english_37&df=1&dt=10 B6] }}</ref> The temple also hosted theatrical, ballet, and opera performances.<ref name="Gapp 1978" /> In addition, in 1996, the church started hosting [[avant-garde music]] performances as part of its Creative and Improvised Music program,<ref name="Reich 1997" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 19970226" /> which was hosted there for two years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reger |first=Rick |date=July 4, 1998 |title=Improvising trio embarks on search for ideas |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-improvising-trio-embarks/164373022/ |access-date=January 31, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=173 }}</ref>

Over the years, Unity Temple has hosted meetings for the local community,<ref name="Siry p. 103" /> such as meetings for other Universalist congregations,<ref>See, for instance: {{cite news |date=October 31, 1916 |title=Universalists Plan Merger of Two Churches: St. Paul's and Woodlawn Congregations May Be Consolidated. |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=11 |id={{ProQuest|174129264}} }}</ref> conventions of the National Young People's Christian Union,<ref>See, for example: {{Cite news |date=July 8, 1941 |title=Church Youth to Take Stand Opposing War |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-church-youth-to-take-sta/164624365/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=9 }}</ref> and dinners.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957a" /> The church hosted a program called "Ways of Mankind" during 1954, in which members of the public were invited to listen to, and discuss, radio broadcasts about selected topics.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 8, 1954 |title=A Place By the Open Fire |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20universalist%22&i=f&d=01011950-12311959&m=between&ord=k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19540408_english_59&df=31&dt=40 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=49 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> The church has also invited guest speakers, such as in 1964 when four liberal pastors gave speeches there.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 8, 1964 |title=Rev. Box to Be 2nd Speaker in Church Series |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-austin-news-rev-box-to-be-2nd-speak/164640859/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=The Austin News |pages=5 }}</ref> Other programs at the church have included "Constructive Kids", an architectural program for primary-school children.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 26, 1992 |title=Wright Foundation has series for kids |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011991-12311994&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19920226_english_78&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=78 }}</ref> Over the years, Unity Temple has hosted public exhibits, such as a 1963 exhibit about Wright's architecture<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1963" /> and a 1978 exhibit of Wright's architectural drawings.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 26, 1978 |title=Wright drawings displayed |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/cardunal-free-press-wright-drawings-disp/164862212/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Cardunal Free Press |pages=6 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Teclaw |first=Nancy |date=September 6, 1978 |title=Sixty Onward |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=restoration&i=f&d=01011977-12311979&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19780906_english_27&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=27 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref>

== Impact ==
When Unity Temple was completed, it differed significantly from other local churches' designs.<ref name="Siry p. 130" /> Wright considered Unity Temple to be his first completed concrete-building design,<ref name="Saint p. 162" /><ref>{{cite news |date=October 4, 1953 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright and His Art |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |pages=SM26 |id={{ProQuest|112564807}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite magazine |last=Del Campo |first=Santiago |date=Apr 1954 |title=An Afternoon With Frank Lloyd Wright |magazine=Americas |page=11 |volume=6 |issue=4 |id={{ProQuest|1797186012}} }}</ref> and it was among the first major reinforced-concrete buildings constructed in the U.S.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1957b" /><ref name="Posner 1992" /><ref name="Gapp 1992">{{Cite news |last=Gapp |first=Paul |date=March 13, 1992 |title=Deity of U.S. Design |work=Sun Sentinel |page=3E |id={{ProQuest|388948852}} }}</ref> The temple is also an early example of a building with an exposed-concrete facade,<ref name="Saint p. 163" /><ref name="Oak Leaves 1946b" /> contrasting with earlier concrete structures in Europe, whose surfaces were typically concealed behind cladding.<ref name="Saint p. 163" /> [[Paul Gapp]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote retrospectively that Wright's use of concrete was "a daring risk at the time".<ref name="Gapp 1992" />

Unity Temple has been cited as an early example of modern architecture,<ref name="The Manchester Guardian 1939">{{Cite news |date=May 9, 1939 |title=The American "Pioneer" Architect |work=The Manchester Guardian |page=10 |id={{ProQuest|484618839}} }}</ref> with Wright citing it as his first modern-style building.<ref name="Gibson e506" /> The Oak Park ''Wednesday Journal'' wrote in 2017 that Unity Temple was "considered by many to be the world's first 'modern' building".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sikora |first=Lacey |date=June 6, 2017 |title=Wright in time |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2017/06/06/wright-in-time/ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref> According to Wright's wife [[Olgivanna Lloyd Wright|Olgivanna]], after the temple was finished, foreign architects copied elements of its design.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Olgivanna Lloyd |date=March 13, 1961 |title=Our House |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-our-houseolgivanna-ll/164635454/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=The Capital Times |pages=3 }}</ref> Unity Temple's design has been credited with having helped inspire the European architects [[Le Corbusier]], [[Walter Gropius]], [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]], and [[Peter Behrens]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallach |first=Amei |date=February 13, 1994 |title=Architect of the American Dream Frank Lloyd Wright Imposed His Visions on Our Environment – Leaky Roofs and All |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278723044}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Coletti |first=Paul |date=February 21, 1969 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright: 'The Early Years' |work=Boston Globe |page=29 |id={{ProQuest|366725724}} }}</ref> In addition, Unity Temple has inspired the design of structures such as the Maisonneuve Fire Station in [[Montreal]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rose |first=David |date=October 23, 1993 |title=Heritage buildings victims of neglect; Protected status offers no guarantee |work=The London Gazette |page=J5 |id={{ProQuest|432505216}} }}</ref> the Emerson Unitarian Church in [[Houston]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September–October 2004 |title=Spiritual Landmark |magazine=UU World : The Magazine of the Unitarian Universalist Association |page=19 |volume=18 |issue=5 |id={{ProQuest|201504767}} }}</ref> and the [[Kunstmuseum Den Haag]] building in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Giovannini |first=Joseph |date=Jun 1999 |title=For the people |url=https://usmodernist.org/AJ/A-1999-06.pdf |magazine=Architecture: The AIA Journal |pages=133–137 |volume=88 |issue=6 |id={{ProQuest|227795495}} }}</ref> The emphasis on materials and light in Unity Temple's design helped inspire later buildings such as [[Notre-Dame du Haut]] and the [[First Unitarian Church of Rochester (building)|First Unitarian Church of Rochester]].<ref>{{cite web |date=January 19, 2025 |title=Unity Temple: Frank Lloyd Wright's Approach to Sacred Space |url=https://archeyes.com/unity-temple-frank-lloyd-wrights-approach-to-sacred-space/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |website=ArchEyes }}</ref>

=== Reception ===

==== Commentary ====
[[File:Lloyd Wright Unity Temple sanctuary 1.jpg|thumb|View of the auditorium from the balcony]]

Upon the temple's completion, images of the auditorium were published in ''Inland Architect and News Record'' magazine.<ref name="Siry pp. 192–193" /> Local newspaper ''[[Pioneer Press#Pioneer Press community newspapers|Oak Leaves]]'' called it "the most radical departure in traditional church architecture ever attempted",<ref name="Siry p. 130" /> and the same newspaper said the "severe simplicity of the exterior of the building [...] gives one little hint of the beauty of the interior".<ref name="Sokol p. 100" /> A writer for the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' said Unity Temple's modern design represented "the present, the twentieth century, the modern spirit, thought, faith, the modern freedom, the modern ideal".<ref>{{cite news |last=Krecker |first=Ada May |date=May 16, 1909 |title=A Church of Which Oak Park Is Proud |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |page=H4 |id={{ProQuest|173528161}} }}</ref> ''[[Architectural Record]]'' praised the acoustics as "not sonorous and [...] only slightly reverberant".<ref name="Oak Leaves 1976a">{{cite web |last=Niedert |first=Kathy |date=January 28, 1976 |title='Music's sound is perfect here' |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011975-12311976&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19760128_english_47&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=47 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> Conversely, [[Winthrop Kendall]] regarded the building as unattractive, "without a vine or a tree to relieve its massive monotony",<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 29, 1909 |title=Defends the Architecture of Churches in Oak Park |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-defends-the-architecture/164303510/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=6 }}</ref> and disappointed congregants likened the temple to a [[Mesoamerican ballgame|Mayan handball]] court.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goodman |first=Walter |date=November 10, 1998 |title=Television Review; A Visionary's Dreams, Disguised as Buildings, Altered the Landscape |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/10/movies/television-review-visionary-s-dreams-disguised-buildings-altered-landscape.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref>

In 1928, a writer for ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' described Unity Temple as one of a few buildings that expressed Wright's "idea of the thing—made to sing to heaven",<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scarborough |first=Katherine |date=October 18, 1929 |title=America Sing Its Own 'Frozen Music': Less Than Two Centuries Required for Its Use in Architecture |work=The Baltimore Sun |page=1 |issn=1930-8965 |id={{ProQuest|543542652}} }}</ref> while the ''[[Wausau Daily Herald]]'' said the design "gave rise to the cubical monolith".<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 3, 1928 |title=Wright's Love Affairs Would Fill Big Book |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-daily-herald-wrights-love-affair/164618689/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=Wausau Daily Herald |pages=8 }}</ref> A writer for the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'', in 1939, described Unity Temple as one of Wright's "pedigree buildings".<ref name="The Manchester Guardian 1939" /> A ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' article in 1961 said Unity Temple still "looks quite fresh and contemporary today",<ref name="McCue 1961" /> and ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' likened the building to a "visiting spaceship" in 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bull |first=John V. R. |date=April 5, 1981 |title=Wright's Legacy Is at Home in Oak Park, Illinois |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-wrights-legacy-is-at-h/164866714/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The Buffalo News |pages=70 }}</ref> The architectural historian [[Vincent Scully]] called it "small, yet large" and one of the nation's most beautiful buildings.<ref name="nyt-1984-09-02" /> After the auditorium's interior restoration was completed in the 1980s, a ''[[Boston Globe]]'' editor said the auditorium was "almost as shocking as the restoration of the [[Sistine Chapel]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Campbell |first=Robert |date=May 5, 1987 |title=Crumbling National Treasures It's Time to Restore Frank Lloyd Wright's Houses |page=67 |id={{ProQuest|294429166}} }}</ref> The architectural critic [[Paul Goldberger]] perceived Unity Temple as representing "a kind of symbolic gathering and communal presence, monumental dignity in a public place",<ref>{{cite web |date=November 12, 2018 |title=Unity Temple |url=https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/frank-lloyd-wright/unity |access-date=February 8, 2025 |publisher=PBS }}</ref> calling it one of "the greatest religious structures" of the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 26, 1982 |title=Housing for the Spirit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/26/books/housing-for-the-spirit.html |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> A writer for ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' in 1996 contrasted Unity Temple's "blocky" massing with the low-roofed design of [[Robie House]] on Chicago's [[South Side, Chicago|South Side]].<ref name="Biemiller 1996" />

David M. Sokol, in his 2008 book ''The Noble Room'', wrote that the temple's "majesty and importance" was partially derived from the fact that it was not arranged as typical church buildings had been.<ref name="Sokol p. 83" /> A writer for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' wrote that the building may have been one of Wright's favorite designs because it was "imposing yet elegant".<ref name="Jeffrey b0492" /> After the temple's renovation was finished in 2017, a ''[[Curbed]]'' writer said the building's imposing concrete facade "belies what's inside",<ref name="Koziarz j035" /> while a ''Chicago Tribune'' writer called the auditorium "magnificent sanctuary noted for its high skylights of amber-tinted leaded glass".<ref name="Dechter 2017" /> [[Blair Kamin]] wrote for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in 2025 that the temple's exterior was "monolithic, not monotonous" because of its use of textured concrete and geometric motifs, while "the sanctuary is as serene as architecture gets".<ref name="Kamin 2025" /> The next year, ''Chicago Tribune'' writer Edward Keegan wrote that Unity Temple's sanctuary "remains one of the most stunning rooms in the world".<ref name="Keegan 2026">{{Cite web |last=Keegan |first=Edward |date=May 17, 2026 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's buildings are always worth revisiting |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2026/05/17/column-frank-lloyd-wright-legacy-keegan/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US |issn=1085-6706}}</ref>

==== Rankings and awards ====
Unity Temple has also received architectural accolades. In 1959, the [[American Institute of Architects]] (AIA) deemed Unity Temple as one of 17 buildings designed by Wright that merited the highest levels of architectural preservation.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 12, 2019 |title=17 Buildings by Frank Lloyd Wright honored by the AIA |url=http://www.wrightontheweb.net/his-works/17-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915012032/http://www.wrightontheweb.net/his-works/17-buildings |archive-date=September 15, 2019 |access-date=October 2, 2025 |website=wrightontheweb.net }}</ref> A 1991 poll in ''[[Architectural Record]]'' magazine ranked Unity Temple as one of the 10 most significant buildings in the United States from the previous century.<ref name="Johnson o698" /> The temple's 2017 restoration received several awards, including the AIA's Crombie Taylor Award,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=October 26, 2018 |title=Restored Unity Temple, Loop CTA station highlight winners of architecture awards |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2018/10/26/restored-unity-temple-loop-cta-station-highlight-winners-of-architecture-awards/ |access-date=October 28, 2018 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |language=en-US }}</ref> the [[World Monuments Fund]]'s Modernism Prize,<ref>{{cite web |last=Testado |first=Justine |date=November 7, 2018 |title=Preservation of Karl Marx School wins 2018 WMF/Knoll Modernism Prize, special mention awarded to restored Unity Temple by Frank Lloyd Wright |url=https://bustler.net/news/6939/preservation-of-karl-marx-school-wins-2018-wmf-knoll-modernism-prize-special-mention-awarded-to-restored-unity-temple-by-frank-lloyd-wright |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Bustler |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Katherine |date=November 7, 2018 |title=World Monuments Fund Announces the Winner of the 2018 WMF Knoll Modernism Prize |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/world-monuments-fund-announces-winner-2018-wmfknoll-modernism-prize |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Architectural Digest }}</ref> the Urban Land Institute's Vision Award,<ref>{{cite web |title=ULI Chicago names nine winners at 2019 Vision Awards – REJournals |url=https://rejournals.com/uli-chicago-names-nine-winners-at-2019-vision-awards/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=REJournals – Commercial real estate news }}</ref> and the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation's Preservation Award.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheridan |first=Stacey |date=October 14, 2019 |title=Unity Temple snags Driehaus Award |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2019/10/14/unity-temple-snags-driehaus-award/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Schaenzer |first=Amie |date=October 11, 2019 |title=Oak Park Unity Temple Wins National Preservation Award |url=https://patch.com/illinois/oakpark/oak-park-unity-temple-wins-national-preservation-award |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Oak Park-River Forest, IL Patch }}</ref>

=== Media ===
[[File:Oak Park Il Unity Temple4.jpg|thumb|Side view of Unity Temple's facade]]

Wright's building has been the subject of several books. Unity Temple was detailed in Ernst Wasmuth's 1910 ''[[Wasmuth Portfolio]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Siry|1996|ps=.|page=227 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Brooks |first=H Allen |date=June 1, 1966 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright and the Wasmuth Drawings |magazine=The Art Bulletin |page=195 |volume=48 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|1296205989}} }}</ref> The historian [[Joseph Siry]] wrote a book about the church's architecture in 1996,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Balmer |first=Randall |date=Mar 1999 |title=Unity Temple: Frank Lloyd Wright and Architecture for Liberal Religion |magazine=Church History |pages=223–224 |volume=68 |issue=1 |id={{ProQuest|217517179}} }}</ref> while Robert McCarter published another book the following year with photographs of the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Donald |date=December 21, 1997 |title=Built to Last |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette-built-to-lastdo/164941776/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |pages=76 |issn=2692-6903 }}</ref> [[Patrick F. Cannon]] published a book about the temple through the Unity Temple Restoration Foundation in 2009,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Walton |first=Christopher L. |date=Winter 2009 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple: A Good Time Place |magazine=UU World : The Magazine of the Unitarian Universalist Association |page=57 |volume=23 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|201541149}} }}</ref> which received an accolade from the [[Independent Publisher Book Awards]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sikora |first=Lacey |date=May 24, 2023 |title=Book on Unity Temple awarded gold medal |url=https://www.oakpark.com/2023/05/24/book-on-unity-temple-awarded-gold-medal/ |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=Wednesday Journal }}</ref>

The [[Library of Congress]] acquired photographs and documents about Unity Temple in 1967.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 30, 1967 |title=Wright Buildings Set for Archives |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-wright-buildings-set-for/164474990/ |access-date=February 1, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=364 }}</ref> Additionally, the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (MoMA) in New York displayed images of the temple in 1965<ref>{{Cite news |last=Huxtable |first=Ada Louise |date=May 18, 1965 |title=Architecture: Trend-Setting Departures and Pinnacles of Excellence in U.S.; The Modern Displays Changes Since '00 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/18/archives/architecture-trendsetting-departures-and-pinnacles-of-excellence-in.html |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> and 1988.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=February 7, 1988 |title=Architecture View; Wright Seen Anew as an Architect of Thoughts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/07/arts/architecture-view-wright-seen-anew-as-an-architect-of-thoughts.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> Local photographer [[Redd Griffin]] created a slideshow with images of Unity Temple in the 1970s,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bach |first=Erwin E. |date=May 18, 1977 |title=Show turns poetry of Wright into visual reality |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-show-turns-poetry-of-wri/164862105/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=80 }}</ref> and drawings of the temple have also been displayed at the [[Phoenix Art Museum]] in Arizona<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=February 6, 1990 |title=Review/Architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright Is Lauded in Phoenix With His Own Work |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/06/arts/review-architecture-frank-lloyd-wright-is-lauded-in-phoenix-with-his-own-work.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |language=en-US }}</ref> and at the Oak Park Library.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=October 31, 1996 |title=Picture perfect: Oak Park Library show a proper tribute to Wright |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-picture-perfect-oak-par/164937468/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=71 }}</ref> The temple was detailed in the Scottish filmmaker [[Murray Grigor]]'s 1982 documentary about Wright's Oak Park buildings.<ref name="Oak Leaves 19820519">{{cite web |last=Kilzer |first=Mary |date=May 19, 1982 |title=Film flames Scot's desire to know why Wright isn't right at home |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=home%20studio&i=f&by=1982&bdd=1980&d=01011982-12311982&e=lloyd%20wright&m=between&ord=e1,k1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19820519_english_55&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 12, 2025 |work=Forest Leaves |page=55 }}</ref> In addition, the 2020 documentary ''Unity Temple: Frank Lloyd Wright's Modern Masterpiece'', produced by [[Lauren Levine]] and narrated by [[Brad Pitt]], details the temple's renovation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hickman |first=Matt |date=October 21, 2020 |title=A Brad Pitt-narrated documentary about restoring the Unity Temple will soon be available for streaming |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/brad-pitt-narrated-documentary-about-restoring-unity-temple-will-soon-be-available-for-streaming/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=The Architect's Newspaper }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Neira |first=Juliana |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Unity Temple: Frank Lloyd Wright's Modern Masterpiece Documentary is Coming |url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/unity-temple-frank-lloyd-wrights-modern-masterpiece-documentary-10-12-2020/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=designboom |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=October 30, 2020 |title=Weekend watch: Brad Pitt recounts the story of Unity Temple in this new Frank Lloyd Wright film |url=https://thespaces.com/brad-pitt-unity-temple-frank-lloyd-wright-film/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=The Spaces }}</ref>

=== Landmark designations ===
Unity Temple was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP) in April 1970;<ref>{{cite web |date=May 13, 1970 |title=2 Wright works put on roster |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011970-12311972&e=unity%20temple&m=between&ord=e1&fn=forest_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19700513_english_12&df=1&dt=10 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Oak Leaves |page=12 |via=River Forest Public Library }}</ref> such a designation allowed properties to receive federal funds for restoration.<ref name="Oak Leaves 1971c" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 23, 1972 |title=Mills house listed in national register |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-mills-house-listed-in-natio/164839807/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=News Journal |pages=5 }}</ref> The building was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on December 30, 1970,<ref>{{cite web |date=March 29, 2007 |title=NHLs Associated with Frank Lloyd Wright |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/nhls-associated-with-flw.htm |access-date=February 6, 2025 |publisher=U.S. National Park Service }}</ref> and was re-added to the NRHP at that time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 14, 1971 |title=Wright buildings named historical landmarks |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-arizona-republic-wright-buildings-na/164834472/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The Arizona Republic |pages=110 }}</ref> A plaque commemorating the National Historic Landmark designation was installed in June 1971.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 7, 1971 |title=Unity Temple Dedicated as U.S. Landmark |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-unity-temple-dedicated-a/164834312/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |pages=30 }}</ref> Oak Park officials considered including Unity Temple as part of a municipal historic district in 1971.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schneidman |first=David |date=September 19, 1971 |title=Meeting to Discuss Historical Status of Oak Park Portion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-meeting-to-discuss-histo/164840504/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=Chicago Tribune |pages=24 |via=newspapers.com |issn=1085-6706 }}</ref> When the district was created the next year, however, it excluded the temple.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schneidman |first=David |date=February 13, 1972 |title=Oak Park Approves Frank Lloyd Wright Landmark District |work=Chicago Tribune |page=W9 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|170204582}} }}</ref>

The [[United States Department of the Interior]] nominated Unity Temple and nine other Wright–designed buildings to the World Heritage List in 2015;<ref>{{cite web |last=Hopey |first=Don |date=January 30, 2015 |title=Fallingwater one of 10 Wright structures nominated for World Heritage List |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/art-architecture/2015/01/30/Frank-Lloyd-Wright-s-Fallingwater-Laurel-Highlands-nominated-inclusion-World-Heritage-List/stories/201501300216 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |issn=2692-6903 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Ten Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings Nominated for UNESCO Distinction |url=https://metropolismag.com/viewpoints/10-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-for-unesco-distinction/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128133816/https://metropolismag.com/viewpoints/10-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-for-unesco-distinction/ |archive-date=November 28, 2024 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=Metropolis |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Winston |first=Anna |date=February 3, 2015 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright buildings nominated for UNESCO World Heritage List |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/03/frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-unesco-world-heritage-list-guggenheim-taliesin-fallingwater/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702132302/https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/03/frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-nominated-unesco-world-heritage-list-guggenheim-taliesin-fallingwater/ |archive-date=July 2, 2024 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=Dezeen }}</ref> the buildings had previously been nominated in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 26, 2008 |title=World Attention Fallingwater is Commanding a Greater View |issn=2692-6903 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |pages=B.6 |id={{ProQuest|390486630}} }}</ref> UNESCO added eight properties, including Unity Temple, to the World Heritage List in July 2019 under the title "[[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright]]".<ref>{{cite web |last=Axelrod |first=Josh |date=July 7, 2019 |title=UNESCO Adds 8 Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings To Its List Of World Heritage Sites |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/07/739359081/unesco-adds-8-frank-lloyd-wright-buildings-to-its-list-of-world-heritage-sites |access-date=January 18, 2025 |publisher=NPR |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Tareen |first=Sophia |date=July 7, 2019 |title=Guggenheim Museum Added to UNESCO World Heritage List |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Guggenheim-Museum-Added-to-UNESCO-World-Heritage-List--512323791.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708030357/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Guggenheim-Museum-Added-to-UNESCO-World-Heritage-List--512323791.html |archive-date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |publisher=WNBC }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Frank Lloyd Wright works]]
* [[List of National Historic Landmarks in Illinois]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in the United States]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Cook County, Illinois]]
* [[First Unitarian Society of Madison|Unitarian Meeting House]], Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin
* [[Unitarian Universalist Association]]

==References==
===Notes===
==== Explanatory notes ====
{{Notelist}}

==== Inflation figures ====
{{Notelist-ur}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=Blake |first=Peter |title=The Master Builders: Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright |date=1996 |publisher=Norton |isbn=978-0-393-31504-2 |series=The Norton library |location=New York |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Cannon |first=Patrick F |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple: A Good Time Place |publisher=Pomegranate Communications |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7649-5149-7 |ref=none |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YXJvPgAACAAJ}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Ferry |first=A. M. |date=September 1, 1907 |title=A Reinforced Concrete Church |magazine=Concrete Engineering |page=97 |id={{ProQuest|128382186}}}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Knecht |first=Barbara |date=April 2001 |title=Innovative approach leads to solution for Unity Temple's crumbling exterior: Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple receives a face-lift |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2001-04-RH.pdf |department=Tech Briefs |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=189 |issue=4 |pages=173–174 |id={{ProQuest|222131430}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Levine |first=Neil |date=1996 |title=The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright |publication-place=Princeton, N.J. |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-03371-6}}
* {{cite book |last1=McCarter |first1=Robert |last2=Cook |first2=Peter |last3=Blatter |first3=Robert |last4=Sharp |first4=Karen  |year=1997|title=Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908 |publication-place=London |publisher=Phaidon |oclc=1336474456 |ref={{Harvid|McCarter et al|1997}}}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Saint |first=Andrew |year=2003 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright and Paul Mueller: The Architect and His Builder of Choice |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1689173465ec3840e435230d4c22c6de5ced72be |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223202548/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1689173465ec3840e435230d4c22c6de5ced72be |archive-date=2025-02-23 |magazine=Architectural Research Quarterly |pages=157–167 |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.1017/S1359135503002112 |issn=1359-1355}}
* {{cite book |last=Schrenk |first=Lisa D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KIkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 |title=The Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-226-31913-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Sokol |first=David M. |url=https://archive.org/details/nobleroominspire0000soko |title=The Noble Room: The Inspired Conception and Tumultuous Creation of Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple |publisher=Top Five Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9789270-7-3 |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last=Siry |first=Joseph M. |year=1996 |title=Unity Temple: Frank Lloyd Wright and Architecture for Liberal Religion |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-62991-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitytemplefrank0000siry |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite Wright Companion |ref=none}} (S.096)
* {{cite report |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/073834ab-4688-4f03-b81a-d7ab1929c253 |title=Unity Church |year=1970 |publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]], [[National Park Service]] |access-date= |ref={{harvid|National Park Service|1970}} |website=}}
* {{cite news |date=April 27, 1907 |title=Unity Church |url=https://riverforest.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=%22unity%20temple%22&i=f&d=01011906-12311907&m=between&ord=k1&fn=oak_leaves_usa_illinois_oak_park_19070427_english_109&df=1&dt=2 |work=Oak Leaves |pages=100–102 |via=River Forest Public Library |ref={{Harvid|Oak Leaves April 27, 1907}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Frank Lloyd |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiography0000wrig_l0f0 |title=An autobiography |publisher=Pomegranate Communications, Inc. |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7649-3243-4 |publication-place=Petaluma, CA |oclc=64590957 |orig-year=<!--1945--> |url-access=registration}}

==External links==
* [https://unitytemple.org/ Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation]

{{List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches|state=collapsed}}
{{NHLs in IL}}
{{NRHP in Cook County, Illinois}}
{{Frank Lloyd Wright}}
{{Oak Park, Illinois |state=expanded}}
{{Subject bar|commons=Category:Unity Temple|voy=Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright|Architecture|Illinois|National Register of Historic Places}}

[[Category:1871 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:1908 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:1900s architecture in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century Unitarian Universalist church buildings]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Cook County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1908]]
[[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois]]
[[Category:Frank Lloyd Wright buildings]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Illinois]]
[[Category:Oak Park, Illinois]]
[[Category:Ridgeland-Oak Park Historic District]]
[[Category:Unitarian Universalist churches in Illinois]]
[[Category:The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright]]
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