Kayda: Difference between revisions
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A '''Kayda''' (also spelled as Kaida) is a type of [[Tabla]] composition. There are different types of tabla compositions, both fixed (pre-composed) and improvised. A rhythmic seed (theme) is introduced, which is then used as a basis for elaboration through improvisation and/or composition.<ref name="auto1">http://52kaidas.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-kaida.html#:~:text=A%20kaida%20is%20a%20type,pre-composed)</ref> The word kayda is an Arabic word meaning 'rule' or 'a system of rules'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE-meaning-in-hindi|title=कायदा - Meaning in English - Shabdkosh|website=www.shabdkosh.com}}</ref> The rules for playing a kayda are complex, but in short, one must only use the bols that are in the original theme.<ref name="auto1"/> This | A '''Kayda''' (also spelled as Kaida) is a type of [[Tabla]] composition. There are different types of tabla compositions, both fixed (pre-composed) and improvised. A rhythmic seed (theme) is introduced, which is then used as a basis for elaboration through improvisation and/or composition.<ref name="auto1">http://52kaidas.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-kaida.html#:~:text=A%20kaida%20is%20a%20type,pre-composed)</ref> The word kayda is an Arabic word meaning 'rule' or 'a system of rules'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE-meaning-in-hindi|title=कायदा - Meaning in English - Shabdkosh|website=www.shabdkosh.com}}</ref> The rules for playing a kayda are complex, but in short, one must only use the bols that are in the original theme.<ref name="auto1"/> This original theme is known as ''Mukh''. Mukh means face.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enghindi.com/english-word-for-mukh.html|title=English Word for mukh - मुख का अंग्रेजी में अर्थ - EngHindi.com|website=www.enghindi.com}}</ref> This mukh is the identity of any Kayda, just as our face gives our identity. The kaida form originated in the Delhi Gharana of tabla playing and serves three fundamental and very important roles for tabla players.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.melbournetablaschool.com/tabla.html|title=Tabla|website=MELBOURNE TABLA SCHOOL}}</ref> The Dayan and Bayan of the Tabla are used in synchronization to form a Kayda. Kaydas can be played in any [[tala (music)|Tala]]. | ||
Basic Structure of kayda - | Basic Structure of kayda - | ||
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3. Tihai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-kaida-in-tabla-playing|title=What is kaida in tabla playing? - Quora|website=www.quora.com}}</ref> | 3. Tihai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-kaida-in-tabla-playing|title=What is kaida in tabla playing? - Quora|website=www.quora.com}}</ref> | ||
The basic detailed structure of any Kayda is : Mukh, Dohra, Adha Dohra, Vishram, Adha Vishram, Palta and Tihai.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://umeshsontakke.wordpress.com/|title=My World Of Tabla|website=My World Of Tabla}}</ref> | The basic detailed structure of any Kayda is: Mukh, Dohra, Adha Dohra, Vishram, Adha Vishram, Palta and Tihai.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://umeshsontakke.wordpress.com/|title=My World Of Tabla|website=My World Of Tabla}}</ref> | ||
==Elaboration== | ==Elaboration== | ||
The overall structure of a kaida can be divided into three sections: an opening theme, a series of variations based on the opening theme and a concluding tihai. The main focus during a kaida is the thematic development that is achieved through a series of variations, or palta.<ref name="auto2"/> | The overall structure of a kaida can be divided into three sections: an opening theme, a series of variations based on the opening theme, and a concluding tihai. The main focus during a kaida is the thematic development that is achieved through a series of variations, or palta.<ref name="auto2"/> | ||
1. Mukh <ref name="auto"/> - Basic bol which is called as '''Mukh''' that means face of the particular Kayda. | 1. Mukh <ref name="auto"/> - Basic bol which is called as '''Mukh''', that means face of the particular Kayda. | ||
2. Dohara - '''Dohara''' is the repetition of the Mukh | 2. Dohara - '''Dohara''' is the repetition of the Mukh three times. Dohara means to repeat. In Hindi, it is called Doharana, which means to repeat. | ||
3. Adha Dohara - This is the repetition of the first bol of the Mukh. | 3. Adha Dohara - This is the repetition of the first bol of the Mukh. | ||
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4. Vishram - '''Vishram''' means taking rest. <ref>https://shabdkosh.raftaar.in/Meaning-of-विश्राम-in-English</ref> A minute of pause is taken from the bol. | 4. Vishram - '''Vishram''' means taking rest. <ref>https://shabdkosh.raftaar.in/Meaning-of-विश्राम-in-English</ref> A minute of pause is taken from the bol. | ||
5. Adha Vishram - It is the repetition of taking a pause i.e. repetition of the bol that was repeated in Vishram. | 5. Adha Vishram - It is the repetition of taking a pause, i.e., repetition of the bol that was repeated in Vishram. | ||
6. Palta - '''Palta''' is a variation of various bols but these bols are stuck or are only from the bols which are there in the Mukh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rhombuspublishing.com/volume_two_indian_influence.html|title=Rhombus Publishing - Percussion Book - Volume II: Indian Influence (Tabla Perspectives)|website=www.rhombuspublishing.com}}</ref> This Palta is a section. Now what it means that Palta is a section. It means that like Mukh, Dohara, Adha Dohara, Vishram, Adha Vishram, these | 6. Palta - '''Palta''' is a variation of various bols, but these bols are stuck to, or are only from, the bols which are there in the Mukh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rhombuspublishing.com/volume_two_indian_influence.html|title=Rhombus Publishing - Percussion Book - Volume II: Indian Influence (Tabla Perspectives)|website=www.rhombuspublishing.com}}</ref> This Palta is a section. Now what it means that Palta is a section. It means that like Mukh, Dohara, Adha Dohara, Vishram, Adha Vishram, these four names are not or cannot be repeated. So there is no duplication of all four names taken. So all of the four names taken above are played only once. But a Palta, as said, it is a section. Joining various bols, many such Palte (plural form of Palta) can be created. | ||
7. Tihai - The musical phrase sung or played thrice to arrive at the Sum (also pronounced as Sam) is called a '''Tihai'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustaniclassicalmusic.in/article1.php?sub_type_id=117|title=Article of Core knowledge article 1|website=hindustaniclassicalmusic.in}}</ref> It is the last part of a Kayda. The Mukh's last part is played thrice i.e. | 7. Tihai - The musical phrase sung or played thrice to arrive at the Sum (also pronounced as Sam) is called a '''Tihai'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustaniclassicalmusic.in/article1.php?sub_type_id=117|title=Article of Core knowledge article 1|website=hindustaniclassicalmusic.in}}</ref> It is the last part of a Kayda. The Mukh's last part is played thrice, i.e., three times, where the particular Kayda is ended. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:39, 29 March 2025
A Kayda (also spelled as Kaida) is a type of Tabla composition. There are different types of tabla compositions, both fixed (pre-composed) and improvised. A rhythmic seed (theme) is introduced, which is then used as a basis for elaboration through improvisation and/or composition.[1] The word kayda is an Arabic word meaning 'rule' or 'a system of rules'.[2] The rules for playing a kayda are complex, but in short, one must only use the bols that are in the original theme.[1] This original theme is known as Mukh. Mukh means face.[3] This mukh is the identity of any Kayda, just as our face gives our identity. The kaida form originated in the Delhi Gharana of tabla playing and serves three fundamental and very important roles for tabla players.[4] The Dayan and Bayan of the Tabla are used in synchronization to form a Kayda. Kaydas can be played in any Tala.
Basic Structure of kayda -
1. Basic bol (one cycle).
2. Palta (more than 3 cycles depending upon the creativity)
3. Tihai.[5]
The basic detailed structure of any Kayda is: Mukh, Dohra, Adha Dohra, Vishram, Adha Vishram, Palta and Tihai.[6]
Elaboration
The overall structure of a kaida can be divided into three sections: an opening theme, a series of variations based on the opening theme, and a concluding tihai. The main focus during a kaida is the thematic development that is achieved through a series of variations, or palta.[4]
1. Mukh [6] - Basic bol which is called as Mukh, that means face of the particular Kayda.
2. Dohara - Dohara is the repetition of the Mukh three times. Dohara means to repeat. In Hindi, it is called Doharana, which means to repeat.
3. Adha Dohara - This is the repetition of the first bol of the Mukh.
4. Vishram - Vishram means taking rest. [7] A minute of pause is taken from the bol.
5. Adha Vishram - It is the repetition of taking a pause, i.e., repetition of the bol that was repeated in Vishram.
6. Palta - Palta is a variation of various bols, but these bols are stuck to, or are only from, the bols which are there in the Mukh.[8] This Palta is a section. Now what it means that Palta is a section. It means that like Mukh, Dohara, Adha Dohara, Vishram, Adha Vishram, these four names are not or cannot be repeated. So there is no duplication of all four names taken. So all of the four names taken above are played only once. But a Palta, as said, it is a section. Joining various bols, many such Palte (plural form of Palta) can be created.
7. Tihai - The musical phrase sung or played thrice to arrive at the Sum (also pronounced as Sam) is called a Tihai.[9] It is the last part of a Kayda. The Mukh's last part is played thrice, i.e., three times, where the particular Kayda is ended.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://52kaidas.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-kaida.html#:~:text=A%20kaida%20is%20a%20type,pre-composed)
- ↑ "कायदा - Meaning in English - Shabdkosh". www.shabdkosh.com.
- ↑ "English Word for mukh - मुख का अंग्रेजी में अर्थ - EngHindi.com". www.enghindi.com.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Tabla". MELBOURNE TABLA SCHOOL.
- ↑ "What is kaida in tabla playing? - Quora". www.quora.com.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "My World Of Tabla". My World Of Tabla.
- ↑ https://shabdkosh.raftaar.in/Meaning-of-विश्राम-in-English
- ↑ "Rhombus Publishing - Percussion Book - Volume II: Indian Influence (Tabla Perspectives)". www.rhombuspublishing.com.
- ↑ "Article of Core knowledge article 1". hindustaniclassicalmusic.in.
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