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100 Million BC

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100 Million BC
File:100 Million BC.jpg
Directed byGriff Furst
Produced byDavid Michael Latt
David Rimawi
Paul Bales
Written byPaul Bales
StarringMichael Gross
Christopher Atkins
Greg Evigan
Stephen Blackehart
Geoff Mead
Dayne Smith
Music byRalph Rieckermann
CinematographyAlexander Yellen
Edited byMark Atkins
Nick Everhart
Distributed byThe Asylum
Release date
  • July 29, 2008 (2008-07-29)
Running time
85 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$82 million
Box office$34.2 million

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100 Million BC is a 2008 American direct-to-video action film directed by Griff Furst and distributed by film studio The Asylum. It is based on the urban legend of the Philadelphia Experiment.

Plot

The film centers on a group of Navy SEALs, led by American Dr. Frank Reno (Michael Gross), who once worked on the Philadelphia Experiment. The film begins in 1998, when Reno has purportedly perfected time travel technology. The SEALs use it to travel backwards to the year 112,000,000 BC (despite the film's title) of the Early Cretaceous, in order to rescue a previous, 1949 expedition led by Reno’s brother Erik (Christopher Atkins).

Reno’s team arrives in Laurasia six years after the 1949 team arrived, to find only a few survivors. The SEAL team is ill-equipped for the dangers of this prehistoric period, and is decimated by a Tyrannosaurus rex and other prehistoric life.

Having accomplished their mission, remnants of the two teams merge into one and return to the present, but in the process the anomaly malfunctions, allowing the subadult, 39-foot-long (12 m), 12-foot-tall (3.7 m) Tyrannosaurus to travel to the present and wreak havoc in rural Los Angeles. Reno stays behind, ostensibly to close the portal, but instead transports himself to the year 1950 after being cornered by the dinosaur. Apparently he tried to leap through the portal as it closed, but was sent to 1950 instead of 1998.

In the present, survivors of the team run through the Suburbs of Los Angeles, barely evading the rampaging prehistoric beast. Meanwhile, in 1950, the wounded Dr. Reno arrives and meets up with the younger version of himself (Dustin Harnish). The old Reno teaches the young Dr. Reno how to correctly use the time-travel technology before dying. Young Dr. Reno assembles a strike team of soldiers and leads them through the portal to 1998, where they attempt to rescue the remainder of the original team from the rampaging dinosaur.

Young Reno then has to find a means of luring the creature back into the anomaly and returning it to its own time, before it takes the life of his brother once more. Finally the dinosaur is banished back to its time where the trip fuses it with a mountain, killing it. Frank opens a portal to 1950 for everyone to return home through. Frank and one of the rescued team members plan to start a relationship. Someone needs to stay behind to close the portal, Erik does, his lover Ruth staying with him. The two plan to catch up with the group’s old selves.

Cast

  • Michael Gross - Dr. Frank Reno
  • Christopher Atkins - Erik Reno
  • Greg Evigan - LCDR Ellis Dorn
  • Stephen Blackehart - Lt. Robert Peet
  • Geoff Mead - CPO Lopes
  • Wendy Carter - Betty
  • Marie Westbrook - Ruth
  • Dean Kreyling - Chief "Bud" Stark
  • Phil Burke - Stubbs
  • Nick McCallum - Burke
  • Aaron Stigger - Manriquez
  • Daniel Ponsky - Jones
  • James Viera - Przyzicki
  • Dustin Harnish - Young Frank Reno
  • Prince Pheenix Wade - Myrick

See also

🦖 Dinosaur Chart Tables (Saurischia: Theropoda & Sauropodomorpha)

Here is your comprehensive set of chart tables organized by the specific taxonomic hierarchy you provided.

1. Infraorder: Ceratosauria & Carnosauria (Theropods)

  • Order: Saurischia | Suborder: Theropoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Coelophysis bauri Late Triassic Podokesauridae 1.25 m 3 m 20 kg Carnivore Ghost Ranch, NM, USA Agility & packing Garfield: "3 meters long and only 20 kilos? This guy desperately needs a pan of lasagna."
Procompsognathus triassicus Late Triassic Podokesauridae 0.3 m 1.2 m 1 kg Carnivore / Scavenger Löwenstein Formation, Germany Swarm hunting Papa Smurf: "Careful Smurfs! This little 'Compy' looks cute but it travels in dangerous groups!"
Saltopus elginensis Late Triassic Podokesauridae 0.2 m 0.6 m 1 kg Carnivore Lossiemouth, Scotland High-speed leaping Alvin Seville: "A Scottish jumping lizard? I bet I could out-leap him on stage!"
Cryolophosaurus ellioti Early Jurassic Dilophosauridae 2.1 m 6.5 m 460 kg Carnivore Mt. Kirkpatrick, Antarctica Sub-zero tolerance Winnie the Pooh: "Oh d-d-dear, a dinosaur with a pompadour crest who likes the cold. I hope he doesn't eat honey."
Dilophosaurus wetherilli Early Jurassic Dilophosauridae 2.5 m 7 m 400 kg Carnivore Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA Dual-crested sensory Hefty Smurf: "No pop-culture acid spitting here, but those twin head crests look tough!"
Ceratosaurus nasicornis Late Jurassic Ceratosauridae 2.5 m 6 m 600 kg Carnivore Morrison Formation, Utah, USA Nasal horn combat Optimus Prime: "A warrior sporting armor-plates along its spine and a horn upon its brow. Respectable."
Carnotaurus sastrei Late Cretaceous Abelisauridae 3 m 8 m 1.5 tons Carnivore La Colonia Fm., Argentina Extreme sprint speed Tigger: "Look at those teeny-tiny arms! TTFN—Ta-Ta For Now, armless wonder!"
Majungasaurus crenatissimus Late Cretaceous Abelisauridae 2 m 7 m 1.1 tons Carnivore Maevarano Fm., Madagascar Cannibalistic bite Brainy Smurf: "According to my books, this predator actually ate its own kind. Highly uncivilized!"
Elaphrosaurus bambergi Late Jurassic Noaosauridae 1.5 m 6.2 m 210 kg Omnivore Tendaguru Beds, Tanzania Light-footed pacing Daffy Duck: "Hey, look at that slender build! Finally, a dinosaur that understands the art of being sleek!"
Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis Middle Jurassic Megalosauridae 2 m 4.6 m 500 kg Carnivore Oxford Clay, England Island swimming Ripjaws: "An island crawler that can swim? Now we're talking my language!"
Megalosaurus bucklandii Middle Jurassic Megalosauridae 3 m 6 m 700 kg Carnivore Taynton Limestone, England Historical legacy Bugs Bunny: "The very first dinosaur ever officially named, doc! A true old-timer."
Torvosaurus gurneyi Late Jurassic Megalosauridae 3.2 m 10 m 4 tons Carnivore Lourinhã Fm., Portugal Massive bone crush Teodora: "This European giant is a total nightmare. Keep your ghosts away from it, Slimer!"
Baryonyx walkeri Early Cretaceous Spinosauridae 2.5 m 9 m 1.2 tons Piscivore Weald Clay, Surrey, UK 12-inch thumb claw Baby Kermit: "Yesh! He uses that big claw to catch fish, kind of like a giant scaly bear!"
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Late Cretaceous Spinosauridae 5 m 14 m 7.4 tons Piscivore / Carnivore Bahariya Oasis, Egypt Semi-aquatic propulsion Slimer: "Sails! Swims! Big mouth full of fish! Can I eat his leftovers? Please?!"
Suchomimus tenerensis Early Cretaceous Spinosauridae 3 m 11 m 3 tons Piscivore Elrhaz Formation, Niger Croc-jaw precision Face: "Brrr! Look at that long snout! It looks exactly like a giant crocodile!"

2. Infraorder: Carnosauria (Tyrants & Giants)

  • Order: Saurischia | Suborder: Theropoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Albertosaurus sarcophagus Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 3 m 9 m 2.5 tons Carnivore Horseshoe Canyon, Canada Pack stealth hunting Sid: "A Canadian tyrant? I bet he's super polite right up until he bites your head off."
Alioramus altai Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 2 m 6 m 800 kg Carnivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Long-snouted speed Simon: "An evolutionary departure from standard tyrant bone-crushing, prioritizing speed and snout agility."
Daspletosaurus horneri Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 3 m 9 m 3 tons Carnivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA Tactile facial sensitivity Kimiko: "So its face was as sensitive as a human hand? Intriguing anatomy for a killer."
Qianzhousaurus sinensis Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 2.5 m 9 m 800 kg Carnivore Nanxiong Fm., Ganzhou, China Long-snout ambush Tee Zeng: "They call him 'Pinocchio Rex'! But I don't think his nose grows when he lies."
Tarbosaurus bataar Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 3.5 m 10 m 4.5 tons Carnivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Locking jaw mechanism Michelangelo: "Whoa, dudes! It’s like the Asian cousin of the big T-Rex! Total party crasher!"
Tyrannosaurus rex Late Cretaceous Tyrannosauridae 6 m 15.5 m 8.8 tons Carnivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA Bone-crushing bite Clumsy Smurf: "Golly! I-I think I just tripped right into the path of the King of the Dinosaurs!"
Allosaurus europaeus Late Jurassic Allosauridae 4.5 m 12.5 m 6 ton Carnivore Lourinhã; Morrison Fm., Portugal; New Mexico Hatchet-bite jaw strike Dawn: "Sleek, dangerous, and very common in the Jurassic. Go, Piplup... wait, never mind, run!"
Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis Late Jurassic Allosauridae 3.5 m 8 m 1.3 tons Carnivore Shaximiao Fm., Sichuan, China High-crested displays Theodore: "He's so big... please don't let him notice us hiding in this hollow log!"
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Early Cretaceous Carcharodontosauridae 4 m 11.5 m 6.2 tons Carnivore Antlers Fm., Oklahoma, USA High-spined muscle ridge Huey, Dewey, & Louie: "Look at that high ridge on his back! He's built like an apex-predator football player!"
Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis Late Cretaceous Carcharodontosauridae 4 m 12 m 6 tons Carnivore Echkar Formation, Niger Shark-like slicing teeth Baby Miss Piggy: "Shark-toothed lizard?! Well, he better not mess with moi or he’ll get a karate chop!"
Giganotosaurus carolinii Late Cretaceous Carcharodontosauridae 4.2 m 12.5 m 7 tons Carnivore Candeleros Fm., Argentina Slicing blood loss attack Helicopter Chorus: "🎶 Flying high away from the giant claws, safe up here from those terrible jaws! 🎶"

3. Infraorder: Coelurosauria (Feathered & Unusual Theropods)

  • Order: Saurischia | Suborder: Theropoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Coelurus fragilis Late Jurassic Coeluridae 0.7 m 2.4 m 20 kg Carnivore / Insectivore Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA Hollow-boned speed Garfield: "Hollow bones make him fragile. My bones are padded with lasagna. I win."
Moros intrepidus Late Cretaceous Coeluridae 1.2 m 2.5 m 78 kg Carnivore Cedar Mountain, Utah, USA High-speed agility Alvin: "A tiny, swift ancestor of the T-Rex? Reminds me of me when I get an extra sugar rush."
Nanotyrannus lethaeus Late Cretaceous Coeluridae 2 m 5 m 500 kg Carnivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA Pygmy-tyrant speed Simon: "The debate continues on whether this is a distinct genus or merely a juvenile T. rex."
Proceratosaurus bradleyi Middle Jurassic Proceratosauridae 1 m 3 m 40 kg Carnivore Forest Marble Fm., England Nasal crest display Brainy Smurf: "An early ancestor of the tyrannosauroids, easily distinguished by its prominent skull crest."
Yutyrannus huali Early Cretaceous Proceratosauridae 3 m 9 m 1.4 tons Carnivore Yixian Formation, China Complete shaggy plumage Winnie the Pooh: "A very fluffy, very large tyrant. He looks like a big winter coat with teeth."
Compsognathus longipes Late Jurassic Compsognathidae 0.3 m 1 m 3.5 kg Carnivore Solnhofen, Germany Insect catching Bugs Bunny: "Ain't he a cute little stinker? Just a chicken-sized meat-eater, folks!"
Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis Early Cretaceous Compsognathidae 0.5 m 1.2 m 1 kg Carnivore / Insectivore Yixian Formation, China Ginger-ringed tail camouflage Teodora: "The first dinosaur to have its true feather colors proven! Orange and white rings!"
Archaeornithomimus asiaticus Late Cretaceous Ornithomimidae 1.8 m 3.3 m 50 kg Omnivore Iren Dabasu Fm., Inner Mongolia Ostrich mimicry Hefty Smurf: "This one looks like an overgrown bird without wings. Bet it can run like the wind!"
Dromiceiomimus samueli Late Cretaceous Ornithomimidae 2 m 3.5 m 150 kg Omnivore Horseshoe Canyon, Canada Large-eyed night vision Kimiko: "Those massive eyes suggest it was an exceptional nocturnal or crepuscular hunter."
Gallimimus bullatus Late Cretaceous Ornithomimidae 3 m 6 m 440 kg Omnivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia High-velocity flocking Michelangelo: "They're flocking this way! Just like that movie, dudes! Move your shell!"
Ornithomimus velox Late Cretaceous Ornithomimidae 2 m 3.8 m 170 kg Omnivore Denver Formation, Colorado, USA Feathered wing-arm steering Daffy Duck: "An imitation bird! Fraud! Plagiarist! I am the only feather-speed icon around here!"
Struthiomimus altus Late Cretaceous Ornithomimidae 2 m 4.3 m 150 kg Omnivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Browse stripping claws Tigger: "Striped tail? No, but he has long legs built for bouncing and springing!"
Deinocheirus mirificus Late Cretaceous Deinocheiridae 6 m 15 m 6.4 tons Omnivore / Herbivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Giant sail-backed digging Slimer: "Look at those giant 8-foot arms! Think of how many plates of food he can carry!"
Oviraptor philoceratops Late Cretaceous Oviraptoridae 1.5 m 2 m 40 kg Omnivore Djadochta Formation, Mongolia Egg-brooding beak Baby Gonzo: "He doesn't steal eggs, he protects them! He's an misunderstood poultry artist!"
Saurornithoides mongoliensis Late Cretaceous Saurornithoididae 1.2 m 3 m 45 kg Carnivore Djadochta Formation, Mongolia High-intellect stereoscopic vision Tee Zeng: "A super smart predator. My shadow-cane would have a tough time tricking this guy."
Troodon formosus Late Cretaceous Saurornithoididae 1 m 2.4 m 50 kg Omnivore / Carnivore Judith River Fm., Montana, USA Apex nocturnal hunting Dawn: "Brrr, those massive eyes and sharp teeth are creepy. Stay close to the campfire, guys."
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis Late Cretaceous Therizinosaurus 5 m 10 m 5 tons Herbivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia 3-foot scythe claws Optimus Prime: "Blades used not for malice, but to harvest vegetation. A gentle giant with formidable defenses."
Atrociraptor marshalli Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 1 m 2 m 15 kg Carnivore Horseshoe Canyon, Canada Deep-jawed crushing bite Face: "Look at that short, strong face! This raptor looks like a fierce bulldog!"
Bambiraptor feinbergi Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 0.3 m 0.9 m 2 kg Carnivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA Opposable grasp talons Baby Kermit: "He's named after a deer, but he's a tiny feathered raptor. Yay for tiny guys!"
Deinonychus antirrhopus Early Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 1.5 m 3.4 m 100 kg Carnivore Cloverly Formation, Montana, USA Counter-balancing tail switch Papa Smurf: "Ah, the famous 'Terrible Claw'. The animal that changed how we view dinosaurs forever."
Dromaeosaurus albertensis Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 0.6 m 2 m 15 kg Carnivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Heavy-duty jaw power Clumsy Smurf: "Whoops! Good thing his heavy jaws missed my hat!"
Pyroraptor olympius Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 0.6 m 1.6 m 30 kg Carnivore Grès à Reptiles Fm., France Curved sickle-claw climbing ALF: "A fire thief from France! Does he go well with a side of French fries? Just checking."
Saurornitholestes sullivani Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 0.8 m 1.8 m 10 kg Carnivore Kirtland Formation, New Mexico Elite olfactory sense Simon: "Fossil skull structures indicate an unusually advanced sense of smell for a dromaeosaurid."
Utahraptor ostrommaysorum Early Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 2 m 7 m 500 kg Carnivore Cedar Mountain, Utah, USA Heavyweight kick slashing Hefty Smurf: "Now that is a raptor! Built like a tank with 9-inch foot switchblades!"
Velociraptor osmolskae Late Cretaceous Dromaeosauridae 0.5 m 2 m 15 kg Carnivore Bayan Mandahu Fm., Inner Mongolia Pinning prey down Bugs Bunny: "Sorry to burst your bubble, folks, but this real-life doc is only the size of a turkey."
Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Late Jurassic Archaeopterygidae 0.3 m 0.5 m 0.5 kg Carnivore / Insectivore Solnhofen, Germany Powered avian flight flight Daffy Duck: "The transitional link between dinosaur and bird! See? I come from royalty!"

4. Suborder: Sauropodomorpha (Prosauropods & Early Sauropods)

  • Order: Saurischia | Suborder: Sauropodomorpha
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Late Triassic Herrerasauridae 1.5 m 6 m 350 kg Carnivore Ischigualasto Fm., Argentina Sliding lower jaw grip Garfield: "An early meat-eater from Argentina. Still glad he wasn't around to take my food."
Smurfette smurfensis Fantasy Triassic Herrerasauridae 1.0 m 3.5 m 120 kg Herbivore / Smurfberry Smurf Village Digsite Blue skin camouflage Papa Smurf: "Bless my soul! A custom Peyo dinosaur species colored entirely in smurf-blue!"
Staurikosaurus pricei Late Triassic Herrerasauridae 0.8 m 2.2 m 30 kg Carnivore Santa Maria Fm., Brazil High-velocity sprint Alvin: "Small, fast, and toothy. It’s like a lizard version of our rock band on tour!"
Anchisaurus polyzelus Early Jurassic Anchisauridae 0.8 m 2 m 27 kg Herbivore / Omnivore Portland Fm., Connecticut, USA Facultative bipedalism Simon: "An early prosauropod capable of switching between two-legged and four-legged locomotion."
Efraasia minor Late Triassic Anchisauridae 1.2 m 6 m 300 kg Herbivore Löwenstein Formation, Germany Slender browse-reaching Theodore: "He looks so peaceful just munching on ferns. I like this guy."
Thecodontosaurus antiquus Late Triassic Anchisauridae 0.3 m 1.2 m 11 kg Herbivore Bristol, England Spoon-shaped gripping teeth Brainy Smurf: "Its name means 'socket-toothed lizard'. An essential textbook example of early herbivore evolution!"
Massospondylus kaalae Early Jurassic Plateosauridae 1.8 m 4 m 135 kg Herbivore Upper Elliot Fm., South Africa Gizzard-stone digestion Winnie the Pooh: "He swallows little stones to help digest his tummy full of green plants."
Mussaurus patagonicus Late Triassic Plateosauridae 1.5 m 6 m 1 ton Herbivore El Tranquilo Fm., Argentina Ontogenetic growth shift Baby Miss Piggy: "The babies fit inside a human hand, but the adults are huge! Unbelievable!"
Plateosaurus gracilis Late Triassic Plateosauridae 3 m 7 m 1 ton Herbivore Trossingen Fm., Germany High-reach bipedal feeding Hefty Smurf: "This guy is built strong to pull down branches. A true powerhouse of the Triassic!"
Riojasaurus incertus Late Triassic Melanorosauridae 3 m 10 m 3 tons Herbivore Los Colorados Fm., Argentina Obligate quadrupedal lumber Sid: "A massive early plant-eater who couldn't lift up onto two legs. I relate to that after a heavy nap."

5. Infraorder: Sauropoda (The Long-Necked Giants)

  • Order: Saurischia | Suborder: Sauropodomorpha
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Barapasaurus tagorei Early Jurassic Cetiosauridae 4 m 14 m 7 tons Herbivore Kota Formation, India Early column-like limbs Tee Zeng: "Its name means 'Big-legged lizard'. It looks like a walking temple column!"
Cetiosaurus oxoniensis Middle Jurassic Cetiosauridae 4.5 m 16 m 11 tons Herbivore Rutland, England Heavy bone density Bugs Bunny: "The 'whale lizard', doc. Though it never swam a day in its life!"
Apatosaurus ajax Late Jurassic Diplodocidae 7 m 27 m 22 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA Supersonic tail whip Michelangelo: "Cowabunga! That giant tail could snap faster than the speed of sound!"
Barosaurus lentus Late Jurassic Diplodocidae 18 m 37 m 30 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, South Dakota Ultra-elongated neck reach Kimiko: "Its neck was so long it probably required an incredibly powerful heart to pump blood to the brain."
Diplodocus hallorum Late Jurassic Diplodocidae 6 m 32 m 25 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, New Mexico Extreme horizontal sweep Daffy Duck: "Thirty-two meters long?! Think of the real estate value on a tail like that!"
Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum Late Jurassic Diplodocidae 17.6 m 35 m 60 tons Herbivore Shishugou Formation, China World-record 50-foot neck Optimus Prime: "A marvel of biological engineering. A neck that spans half the length of its entire body."
Supersaurus vivianae Late Jurassic Diplodocidae 21.5 m 39 m 40 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA Extreme body length ALF: "That is a super-sized lizard. Think of how many cats it could accidentally step on!"
Amargasaurus cazaui Early Cretaceous Dicraeosauridae 2.5 m 10 m 2.6 tons Herbivore La Amarga Fm., Argentina Double-row neck spines Teodora: "Those twin rows of spikes along its neck look like a fancy, punk-rock hairdo!"
Dicraeosaurus sattleri Late Jurassic Dicraeosauridae 3 m 12 m 4 tons Herbivore Tendaguru Beds, Tanzania Low-level specialized browsing Clumsy Smurf: "Gosh, a long-neck that's actually short enough for me to talk to without a megaphone!"
Brachiosaurus altithorax Late Jurassic Brachiosauridae 14.2 m 24.5 m 45 tons Herbivore Morrison; Kota Formation, Colorado, USA; India High-canopy vertical feeding Helicopter Chorus: "🎶 Browsing the treetops up in the sky, even our rotors can see eye-to-eye! 🎶"
Giraffatitan brancai Late Jurassic Brachiosauridae 13 m 22 m 40 tons Herbivore Tendaguru Beds, Tanzania Elevated giraffe posture Winnie the Pooh: "He doesn't need to climb trees to get his lunch. He is already as tall as the tree."
Sauroposeidon proteles Early Cretaceous Brachiosauridae 17 m 34 m 50 tons Herbivore Antlers Fm., Oklahoma, USA Highest skyscraper neck Face: "Wow! He can peer right into the windows of a six-story building!"
Camarasaurus supremus Late Jurassic Camarasauridae 9 m 21 m 28 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA Box-skulled powerful bite Dawn: "That blunt, boxy head looks like it could eat tough branches other sauropods couldn't touch."
Euhelopus zdanskyi Early Cretaceous Camarasauridae 4 m 15 m 4 tons Herbivore Mengyin Formation, China Spatulate leaf-shearing teeth Huey, Dewey, & Louie: "Look at those teeth! Perfect for acting like giant garden pruning shears!"
Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii Late Cretaceous Camarasauridae 3.5 m 11 m 10 tons Herbivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Tripodal tail bracing Slimer: "He can stand up on his back legs by balancing on his strong tail! Ultimate reach!"
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Late Cretaceous Titanosauridae 10 m 30 m 60 tons Herbivore Ojo Alamo Fm., New Mexico, USA Osteoderm back body armor Tigger: "A giant long-neck with armor bumps on its back! Talk about a tough customer!"
Dreadnoughtus schrani Late Cretaceous Titanosauridae 19 m 26 m 49 tons Herbivore Cerro Fortaleza Fm., Argentina Complete skeleton integrity Sid: "He was named 'Dreadnought' because he feared absolutely nothing. Must be nice!"
Patagotitan mayorum Late Cretaceous Titanosauridae 12 m 37 m 70 tons Herbivore Cerro Barcino Fm., Argentina Mass-weight record holder Papa Smurf: "Astounding! One of the largest land animals to ever walk our planet."
Puertasaurus reuili Late Cretaceous Titanosauridae 15 m 30 m 55 tons Herbivore Pari Aike Fm., Argentina Massive chest cavity breadth Garfield: "Now that is a wide chest. Finally, someone who understands my body shape."
Saltasaurus loricatus Late Cretaceous Titanosauridae 3 m 8.5 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Lecho Formation, Argentina Bony armored skin scutes Baby Kermit: "He's a tiny long-neck covered in bumpy armor plates! Like a giant turtle without a shell!"

🦖 Dinosaur Chart Tables (Ornithischia: Cerapoda & Thyreophora)

The Cartoon All-Stars take turns sharing their personal, comedic, and character-driven commentary on every dinosaur listed.

1. Infraorder: Ornithopoda (Early & Small Omnivores/Browsers)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Cerapoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Echinodon becklesii Early Cretaceous Heterodontosauridae 0.2 m 0.6 m 1 kg Omnivore Purbeck Group, England Spine-like bristles Hefty Smurf: "A tiny, spiky fellow. He looks like a pincushion that bites!"
Heterodontosaurus tucki Early Jurassic Heterodontosauridae 0.5 m 1.2 m 3.4 kg Omnivore Elliot Formation, South Africa Differentiated fangs Garfield: "Fangs for a plant-eater? Now that’s a guy who wants to look tough at the dinner table."
Lesothosaurus diagnosticus Early Jurassic Fabrosauridae 0.4 m 2 m 8 kg Herbivore Upper Elliot Fm., Lesotho Agile sprint running Alvin Seville: "Fast, skinny, and always on the move. I bet he could dodge a net as fast as me!"
Pisanosaurus mertii Late Triassic Fabrosauridae 0.3 m 1 m 5 kg Herbivore Ischigualasto Fm., Argentina Primitive jaw chewing Simon: "One of the most foundational and earliest known ornithischians in the fossil record."
Scutellosaurus lawleri Early Jurassic Fabrosauridae 0.5 m 1.2 m 3 kg Herbivore Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA Bony armor studs Teodora: "A tiny lizard covered in miniature armor beads. Absolutely adorable fashion!"
Callovosaurus leedsi Middle Jurassic Hypsilophodontidae 0.8 m 2.5 m 25 kg Herbivore Oxford Clay, England Swift low browsing Theodore: "He looks so gentle and fragile. I hope the big meat-eaters don't see him."
Dryosaurus elderae Late Jurassic Hypsilophodontidae 1.5 m 3 m 100 kg Herbivore Morrison Formation, Utah, USA High-velocity evasion Winnie the Pooh: "A very fast friend who eats leaves. I don't think he would care for honey."
Hypsilophodon foxii Early Cretaceous Hypsilophodontidae 0.6 m 1.8 m 20 kg Herbivore Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight Sharp horny beak Bugs Bunny: "They used to think this doc lived in trees! Turns out he's strictly a ground runner, folks."
Nanosaurus agilis Late Jurassic Hypsilophodontidae 0.6 m 2 m 10 kg Herbivore Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA Ultra-lightweight leaping Baby Kermit: "He's super small and super springy! Boing, boing, boing!"
Orodromeus makelai Late Cretaceous Hypsilophodontidae 0.7 m 2.5 m 20 kg Herbivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA Subterranean burrowing Slimer: "He digs tunnels underground! I wonder if he ever finds buried snacks down there?"
Parksosaurus warreni Late Cretaceous Hypsilophodontidae 1 m 2.5 m 45 kg Herbivore Horseshoe Canyon, Canada Stiff balance tail Tigger: "His tail stays completely stiff when he hops around! That's a neat bouncing trick!"
Thescelosaurus garbanii Late Cretaceous Hypsilophodontidae 1.2 m 3.5 m 300 kg Herbivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA Heavily built running Daffy Duck: "A plant-eater living right under T-Rex's nose? Now that is a stressful lifestyle!"

2. Infraorder: Ornithopoda (Iguanodonts & Hadrosaurs / "Duck-Billed" Dinosaurs)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Cerapoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Camptosaurus dispar Late Jurassic Iguanodontidae 2 m 6 m 800 kg Herbivore Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA Beaked plant slicing Dawn: "He can walk on two legs or four! Talk about a versatile traveler."
Iguanodon bernissartensis Early Cretaceous Iguanodontidae 4.2 m 11.8 m 4.5 tons Herbivore Bernissart, Belgium Dagger-like thumb spikes Optimus Prime: "A peaceful herbivore equipped with a built-in blade for defense. Excellent design."
Muttaburrasaurus langdoni Early Cretaceous Iguanodontidae 2.5 m 8 m 2.8 tons Herbivore Mackunda Fm., Queensland, Australia Inflatable nasal chamber Michelangelo: "Whoa, this dude has a huge hollow nose! He could honk louder than a car horn!"
Ouranosaurus nigeriensis Early Cretaceous Iguanodontidae 3 m 7 m 2.2 tons Herbivore Elrhaz Formation, Niger Sail-backed ridge display Ripjaws: "A huge fin on its back! It looks like a giant river-dwelling fish on legs!"
Tenontosaurus dossi Early Cretaceous Iguanodontidae 2 m 6.5 m 1 ton Herbivore Twin Mountains Fm., Texas, USA Ultra-long whip tail Sid: "That tail is more than half its body length! Talk about carrying a lot of extra baggage."
Bactrosaurus johnsoni Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 2 m 6 m 1.5 tons Herbivore Iren Dabasu Fm., Inner Mongolia Club-like spinal ridges Papa Smurf: "An early, primitive ancestor of the magnificent duck-billed family."
Corythosaurus casuarius Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4 m 9 m 3.8 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park; Lance Fm., Canada; Wyoming, USA Helmet-crest acoustics Face: "Hooray! His head looks exactly like a giant round helmet!"
Edmontosaurus regalis Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4.5 m 12 m 4 tons Herbivore Horseshoe Canyon; Lance, Canada; Wyoming, USA Massive flat-billed browse Brainy Smurf: "Fossils show this massive duck-bill actually had a fleshy, rooster-like comb on its head!"
Hadrosaurus foulkii Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 3.5 m 8 m 3 tons Herbivore Woodbury Formation, New Jersey, USA Historic benchmark skull Bugs Bunny: "The first dinosaur skeleton ever put on display in the whole wide world, folks!"
Hypacrosaurus stebingeri Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4 m 9 m 4 tons Herbivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA High-spined back crest Baby Miss Piggy: "He has a fancy high ridge along his back. It makes him look very tall and dramatic!"
Kritosaurus navajovius Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 3.5 m 9 m 3.5 tons Herbivore Kirtland Formation, New Mexico Hook-nosed skull ridge ALF: "Now that is a magnificent snout! We could be distant relatives from Melmac."
Lambeosaurus magnicristatus Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4 m 9.5 m 4 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Hatchet-shaped hollow crest Huey, Dewey, & Louie: "His head crest looks like a big backward axe! That is crazy!"
Maiasaura peeblesorum Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 3 m 9 m 3 tons Herbivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA Communal nesting care Baby Gonzo: "The 'Good Mother Lizard'! She raised her babies in huge colonies, just like a big family!"
Olorotitan arharensis Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4.5 m 12 m 5 tons Herbivore Tsagayan Fm., Amur Region, Russia Fan-shaped hatchet crest Tee Zeng: "A giant from Russia with a fan on his head. He's ready for a performance!"
Parasaurolophus walkeri Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4 m 10 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Kaiparowits Fm., Utah, USA 6-foot trombone tube crest Helicopter Chorus: "🎶 Honking loud through the forest trees, making music on the evening breeze! 🎶"
Prosaurolophus maximus Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 3.5 m 9 m 3 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Small solid crest bump Clumsy Smurf: "Golly, his horn is small. He must not bump into as many things as I do."
Saurolophus osborni Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 4 m 9.8 m 3 tons Herbivore Horseshoe Canyon, Canada Spike-like backward crest Alvin: "A built-in megaphone spike on the back of his head! Let's start a rock band!"
Shantungosaurus giganteus Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 7 m 18.8 m 16 tons Herbivore Wangshi Group, Shandong, China Colossal body scaling Garfield: "The biggest non-sauropod dinosaur ever. Think of how much salad this guy cleared out."
Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae 3.5 m 10 m 3 tons Herbivore Wangshi Group, Shandong, China Forward-pointing horn Daffy Duck: "A unicorn dinosaur! Outrageous! He's stealing my spotlight with that headpiece!"

3. Infraorder: Ceratopia (Pachycephalosaurs / "Bone-Headed" Dinosaurs)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Cerapoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Dracorex hogwartsia Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 1.3 m 3 m 180 kg Herbivore Hell Creek, South Dakota, USA Dragon-like skull spikes Teodora: "Named after Hogwarts! It looks exactly like a fairy-tale dragon, but without wings."
Homalocephale calathocercos Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 0.6 m 1.8 m 43 kg Herbivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Flat-topped dense skull Simon: "Unlike its dome-headed relatives, this genus retained a completely flat skull roof."
Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 2 m 4.5 m 450 kg Herbivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA 10-inch thick solid bone dome Hefty Smurf: "This guy is the ultimate headbutter! Ten inches of solid bone on his noggin!"
Prenocephale prenes Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 1 m 2.4 m 130 kg Herbivore Nemegt Formation, Mongolia Fully rounded bone dome Brainy Smurf: "Its name means 'sloping head'. A magnificent specimen of Late Cretaceous fauna."
Stegoceras validum Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 0.7 m 2 m 40 kg Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Domed skull display Theodore: "He's about my size, but I wouldn't want to get in a bumping match with him!"
Stygimoloch spinifer Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosauridae 1.5 m 3 m 200 kg Herbivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA Long rear head spikes Michelangelo: "Whoa, dudes! It looks like a heavy-metal dinosaur with all those crazy horns on the back!"

4. Infraorder: Ceratopia (Psittacosaurids & Horned / Frilled Dinosaurs)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Cerapoda
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Psittacosaurus meileyingensis Early Cretaceous Psittacosauridae 0.8 m 2 m 30 kg Herbivore Jiufotang Formation, China Parrot-beak plant crushing Baby Kermit: "The 'Parrot Lizard'! He has a funny beak just like a giant bird!"
Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi Late Cretaceous Protoceratopidae 0.5 m 1 m 22 kg Herbivore Djadochta Formation, Mongolia Miniature hornless frill Winnie the Pooh: "A very small, bumpy dinosaur. He looks like a little scaly piglet."
Leptoceratops gracilis Late Cretaceous Protoceratopidae 0.8 m 2 m 100 kg Herbivore Scollard Formation, Canada Deep jaw cropping Clumsy Smurf: "Whoops! He doesn't have any horns, so at least I won't get poked!"
Montanoceratops cerorhynchus Late Cretaceous Protoceratopidae 1 m 3 m 170 kg Herbivore St. Mary River Fm., Montana, USA Nasal horn core Dawn: "He's like a mini triceratops without the big brow horns. Still looks pretty tough."
Protoceratops hellenikorhinus Late Cretaceous Protoceratopidae 0.8 m 2.5 m 180 kg Herbivore Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia Flaired display frill Bugs Bunny: "The famous anchor of the Gobi desert, doc. Velociraptor's favorite wrestling partner!"
Brachyceratops montanensis Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 1 m 3 m 300 kg Herbivore Two Medicine Fm., Montana, USA Juvenile horn structures Baby Gonzo: "A pint-sized horned dinosaur! He's weird and small, just like me!"
Centrosaurus apertus Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 6 m 2.7 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Single curved nasal horn Tigger: "Look at that hook on his nose! Perfect for bouncing through the prehistoric brush!"
Chasmosaurus belli Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2 m 5 m 2 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Large rectangular frill Slimer: "That giant frill looks like a big dinner tray! Imagine how many burgers could fit on there!"
Lokiceratops rangiformis Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 6.7 m 5 tons Herbivore Judith River Fm., Montana, USA Giant curved frill hooks Optimus Prime: "Named after a Norse god of mischief. Its massive frill blades are truly formidable."
Nasutoceratops titusi Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 4.5 m 1.5 tons Herbivore Kaiparowits Fm., Utah, USA Bull-like curved horns ALF: "Horns shaped like a cow? Does he produce prehistoric milk? Probably not."
Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 6 m 3 tons Herbivore Wapiti; Hell Creek Formation, Alberta, Canada; Montana Massive bony nose boss Face: "Ouch! Instead of a horn, he has a big flat bone cushion on his snout!"
Pentaceratops sternbergii Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 4.2 m 6.5 m 5 tons Herbivore Kirtland Formation, New Mexico Five-horned head shield Tee Zeng: "Five horns and a giant shield. This guy is built like an ancient general."
Sinoceratops zhuchengensis Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 6 m 2 tons Herbivore Xingezhuang Fm., Shandong, China Hooked frill ornaments Alvin: "A horned dinosaur from China with a ring of hooks on his collar! Total rockstar style!"
Styracosaurus ovatus Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 2.5 m 5.5 m 2.7 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Long frill spike array Daffy Duck: "He's wearing a crown of giant spikes! Talk about an attention-seeker!"
Triceratops horridus Late Cretaceous Ceratopidae 3 m 9 m 9 tons Herbivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA 3-horned defense shield Papa Smurf: "The iconic three-horned face. A magnificent defender capable of standing up to the Tyrant King."

5. Infraorder: Stegosauria (Plated Dinosaurs)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Thyreophora
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis Late Jurassic Stegosauridae 1.5 m 4 m 1 ton Herbivore Shaximiao Fm., Chongqing, China Multi-spike thagomizer Tee Zeng: "A smaller plated cousin, but that spiked tail looks incredibly dangerous."
Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis Late Jurassic Stegosauridae 1.5 m 4.2 m 700 kg Herbivore Shaximiao Formation, China Giant shoulder spikes Michelangelo: "Whoa, check out those massive shoulder swords! Radical defense, dude!"
Kentrosaurus aethiopicus Late Jurassic Stegosauridae 1.5 m 4.5 m 1.1 tons Herbivore Tendaguru Beds, Tanzania Long rear spine spikes Hefty Smurf: "Plates in the front, giant needles in the back. This guy is 100% muscle and spikes!"
Stegosaurus stenops Late Jurassic Stegosauridae 4 m 9 m 5 tons Herbivore Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA Alternating back plates Papa Smurf: "A classic marvel of nature. Those magnificent plates helped regulate its body heat."
Tuojiangosaurus multispinus Late Jurassic Stegosauridae 2 m 7 m 2.8 tons Herbivore Shaximiao Formation, China Cone-shaped plates Simon: "Fossil evidence suggests its pointed back plates were highly effective at deterring predators."
Wuerhosaurus ordosensis Early Cretaceous Stegosauridae 2 m 7 m 4 tons Herbivore Lianmuqin Formation, Wuerho, China Flat, rectangular plates Baby Miss Piggy: "His back plates are completely flat and wide! They look like beautiful fans."
Scelidosaurus harrisonii Early Jurassic Scelidosauridae 1.2 m 4 m 270 kg Herbivore Charmouth, Dorset, England Early armored scaling Bugs Bunny: "An early ancestor of both the plated and armored dinosaurs, doc. A true evolutionary hybrid!"

6. Infraorder: Ankylosauria (Armored & Club-Tailed Dinosaurs)

  • Order: Ornithischia | Suborder: Thyreophora
SPECIES TIME FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Hylaeosaurus armatus Early Cretaceous Nodosauridae 1.2 m 5 m 2 tons Herbivore Wealden Group, West Sussex, UK Large neck spines Dawn: "He doesn't have a tail club, but those giant shoulder spikes make him look like a moving fortress."
Nodosaurus textilis Late Cretaceous Nodosauridae 1.5 m 5.5 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Frontier Formation, Wyoming, USA Woven pebble armor Garfield: "A bumpy, textured back. Looks like a walking waffle iron. Pass the syrup."
Panoplosaurus mirus Late Cretaceous Nodosauridae 2 m 6 m 3.5 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Heavy overlapping skull plates Optimus Prime: "An exceptional display of defensive engineering. Its skull is entirely reinforced with heavy armor."
Sauropelta edwardsorum Early Cretaceous Nodosauridae 1.5 m 5.2 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Cloverly Formation, Montana, USA Massive forward neck spikes Ripjaws: "Good luck biting through that neck! It's covered in giant bony spikes!"
Silvisaurus condrayi Early Cretaceous Nodosauridae 1 m 4 m 1 ton Herbivore Dakota Formation, Kansas, USA Hollow nasal cavities ALF: "An armored dino with a big hollow nose from Kansas. Sounds like a party animal."
Struthiosaurus transilvanicus Late Cretaceous Nodosauridae 0.8 m 2.5 m 300 kg Herbivore Sânpetru Fm., Romania Dwarf armored scaling Clumsy Smurf: "He's small and covered in bumps! He fits right in with us Smurfs."
Ankylosaurus magniventris Late Cretaceous Ankylosauridae 3.7 m 10.8 m 6 tons Herbivore Hell Creek, Montana, USA Heavy bone tail club Helicopter Chorus: "🎶 Swinging his tail with a heavy smash, keeping the predators back in a flash! 🎶"
Euoplocephalus tutus Late Cretaceous Ankylosauridae 1.8 m 5.5 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Dinosaur Park Fm., Canada Armored eyelids Slimer: "Even his eyelids are made of solid bone! He can blink away attacks!"
Pinacosaurus grangeri Late Cretaceous Ankylosauridae 1.4 m 5 m 1.9 tons Herbivore Djadochta Formation, Mongolia Multi-hole respiratory system Winnie the Pooh: "A very bumpy friend who lives in the dusty sand. He has extra holes in his nose to breathe easy."
Tarchia teresae Late Cretaceous Ankylosauridae 2 m 5.5 m 2.5 tons Herbivore Barun Goyot Fm., Mongolia Heavy-bulbed tail mallet Alvin: "Look at that giant tail club mallet! He's ready to smash some drums!"

🌊 Prehistoric Marine Reptiles ("Sea Monsters")

  • Class: Reptilia | Orders: Mesosauria, Plesiosauria, Nothosauria, Ichthyosauria, Squamata
SPECIES TIME ORDER / FAMILY TALL / DEPTH SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Hylonomus latidens Late Carboniferous Protorothyrididae 0.05 m 0.2 m 200 g Insectivore Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, Canada Agile climbing Bugs Bunny: "The earliest known true reptile, doc! Basically the great-grandpa of every lizard on this list."
Mesosaurus tenuidens Early Permian Mesosauria / Mesosauridae 0.2 m 1 m 2 kg Piscivore / Crustaceans Irati Formation, Brazil Paddle-tail propulsion Simon: "An essential anatomical indicator used by Alfred Wegener to corroborate his theory of continental drift."
Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Early Jurassic Plesiosauria / Plesiosauridae 1 m 3.5 m 400 kg Piscivore Blue Lias, Dorset, England Interlocking tooth trap Baby Kermit: "He's got a super long neck like a snake, but he's swimming like a big sea turtle! Yay!"
Cryptoclidus richardsoni Late Jurassic Plesiosauria / Cryptocleididae 1.2 m 4 m 800 kg Piscivore / Cephalopods Oxford Clay, England Needle-like fish sieving Hefty Smurf: "Look at those overlapping thin teeth. Once a fish gets in there, it’s not smurfing out!"
Elasmosaurus platyurus Late Cretaceous Plesiosauria / Elasmosauridae 2 m 10.3 m 2 tons Piscivore Pierre Shale, Kansas, USA 72 neck vertebrae reach Helicopter Chorus: "🎶 Dipping his head deep under the wave, looking for fishy snacks to crave! 🎶"
Attenborosaurus conybeari Early Jurassic Plesiosauria / Pliosauridae 1.5 m 5 m 1 ton Piscivore Charmouth, Dorset, England High-speed underwater cruise Teodora: "Named after Sir David Attenborough! Now that is what I call legendary scientific fashion."
Kronosaurus queenslandicus Early Cretaceous Plesiosauria / Pliosauridae 2.5 m 10.5 m 11 tons Apex Carnivore Toolebuc Formation, Australia Crocodile-shattering bite Ripjaws: "Massive skull, giant crushing jaws, and built like an underwater tank. This guy rules the deep!"
Liopleurodon ferox Callovian (Jurassic) Plesiosauria / Pliosauridae 2.2 m 6.4 m 3 tons Apex Carnivore Oxford Clay, England Directional smell tracking Michelangelo: "Whoa, a magical Liopleurodon! This dude has nostrils that can smell exactly where dinner is hiding!"
Nothosaurus giganteus Middle Triassic Nothosauria / Nothosauridae 1 m 5.5 m 800 kg Piscivore Muschelkalk, Germany Amphibious beach hauling Sid: "He hunts in the water but lounges on the rocks. Finally, a reptile who appreciates the art of sunbathing."
Ichthyosaurus conybeari Early Jurassic Ichthyosauria / Ichthyosauridae 0.6 m 2 m 90 kg Piscivore / Skuids Blue Lias, Dorset, England Deep dive respiration Dawn: "He looks exactly like a prehistoric dolphin! But my books say he's 100% reptile."
Mosasaurus beaugei Late Cretaceous Squamata / Mosasauridae 4.5 m 50 m 500 tons Apex Carnivore Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco Pterygoid double-row teeth Slimer: "He has an extra row of teeth in the top of his mouth! Think of how fast he can swallow a whole buffet!"
Tylosaurus bernardi Late Cretaceous Squamata / Mosasauridae 3 m 13 m 8 tons Apex Carnivore Niobrara Chalk, Kansas, USA Battering-ram snout Optimus Prime: "A tactical predator utilizing a hardened, bone-reinforced snout to ram and incapacitate its targets."

🦤 Pterosaurs (Flying Reptiles)

  • Class: Reptilia | Order: Pterosauria
SPECIES TIME SUBORDER / FAMILY WINGSPAN SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Dimorphodon macronyx Early Jurassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Dimorphodontidae 1.4 m 1 m 2 kg Piscivore / Insects Blue Lias, Dorset, England Dual-profile puffin teeth Daffy Duck: "Look at that oversized skull! He’s trying to steal my look. Pure plagiarism!"
Eudimorphodon ranzii Late Triassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Eudimorphodontidae 1 m 0.5 m 1 kg Piscivore Cene, Lombardy, Italy Multi-cusped crushing teeth Brainy Smurf: "Fossil stomach contents explicitly prove this Triassic flyer was an expert fish hunter."
Anurognathus ammoni Late Jurassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Rhamphorhynchidae 0.5 m 0.1 m 40 g Insectivore Solnhofen Limestone, Germany Nocturnal radar flight Alvin: "A tiny, bug-eyed flying bat-lizard! He looks like he drank too much soda!"
Rhamphorhynchus etchesi Late Jurassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Rhamphorhynchidae 1.2 m 0.5 m 1.5 kg Piscivore Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset, UK Diamond-rudder tail Theodore: "His long tail has a little leaf shape at the end to help him steer through the air."
Scaphognathus crassirostris Late Jurassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Rhamphorhynchidae 0.9 m 0.5 m 1.2 kg Omnivore / Small Vertebrates Solnhofen, Germany Rigid bone beak strike Papa Smurf: "A stout-beaked flyer. This species played an important role in early pterosaur studies."
Sordes pilosus Late Jurassic Rhamphorhynchoidea / Rhamphorhynchidae 0.6 m 0.3 m 200 g Insectivore / Amphibians Karabastau Fm., Kazakhstan Pycnofiber fur insulation Winnie the Pooh: "A very furry little flying friend. He looks like he’s wearing a warm winter sweater."
Dsungaripterus weii Early Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Dsungaripteridae 3 m 1.2 m 15 kg Durophage (Shellfish) Lianmuqin Formation, China Upturned shell-cracking beak Garfield: "An upturned beak made for crushing clams. Wake me up when he finds a lasagna bed."
Caiuajara dobruskii Early Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Tapejaridae 2.3 m 0.8 m 8 kg Frugivore Goio-Erê Formation, Brazil Shark-fin skull crest Tigger: "That giant sail on his head makes him look like a colorful bouncy kite! TTFN!"
Tapejara wellnhoferi Early Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Tapejaridae 3.5 m 1.1 m 12 kg Frugivore / Omnivore Santana Formation, Brazil Low-altitude rudder steering Face: "Look at that giant sail! It’s shaped exactly like a sailboat fin!"
Pterodaustro guinazui Early Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Pterodaustriidae 2.5 m 1.2 m 10 kg Filter Feeder (Plankton) Lagarcito Formation, Argentina 1,000+ bristle teeth baleen Baby Miss Piggy: "A flamingo-pterosaur! He strains his food through his teeth. How beautifully delicate."
Cearadactylus atrox Early Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Pterodactylidae 4 m 1.5 m 15 kg Piscivore Romualdo Formation, Brazil Kinked interlocking fish trap Hefty Smurf: "Those crooked front teeth look like a pair of absolute combat pliers!"
Pterodactylus antiquus Late Jurassic Pterodactyloidea / Pterodactylidae 1 m 0.3 m 1 kg Piscivore / Invertebrates Solnhofen, Germany Straight-beak target strike Clumsy Smurf: "Whoops! Watch out for that long pointy beak, I don't want it popping my hat!"
Pteranodon sternbergi Late Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Ornithocheiridae 6 m 2 m 25 kg Piscivore Niobrara Chalk, Kansas, USA Backward-curved crest counterweight Baby Gonzo: "Look at that magnificent crested skull structure! Now that is a beautifully weird bird."
Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni Late Cretaceous Pterodactyloidea / Ornithocheiridae 25.5 m 12.2 m 500,000 kg Carnivore / Scavenger Javelina Formation, Texas, USA Terrestrial stork stalking ALF: "A flying reptile the size of a horse that walks around on its wings? Talk about a bad dream."

🐀 Non-Reptiles & Synapsids ("Prehistoric Mammal Cousins")

  • Class: Mammalia / Synapsida
SPECIES TIME ORDER / FAMILY TALL SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Alphadon halleyi Late Cretaceous Marsupialia / Alphadontidae 0.1 m 0.3 m 400 g Omnivore / Insects Hell Creek, Montana, USA Arboreal branch grasping Simon: "An early metatherian mammal that successfully coexisted directly beneath the massive dinosaurs."
Bulbasaurus phylloxyron Late Permian Dicynodontia / Geikiidae 0.3 m 0.8 m 15 kg Herbivore Balfour Formation, South Africa Bulbous nasal razor beak Tee Zeng: "Its name literally means 'Leaf Razor'! Sounds like a pocket monster is hiding in the Permian!"
Dimetrodon grandis Early Permian Pelycosauria / Sphenacodontidae 1.8 m 3.5 m 250 kg Apex Carnivore Texas Red Beds, USA Sail-back thermal management Bugs Bunny: "People always call this doc a dinosaur, but he's actually more related to us mammals!"
Lystrosaurus curvatus Late Permian / Early Triassic Dicynodontia / Lystrosauridae 0.4 m 1 m 90 kg Herbivore Beaufort Group, South Africa Extinction burrow survival Sid: "A shovel-faced survivor that made it through the biggest mass extinction ever. Modern sloths approve."

🦈 Prehistoric Fish & Ancient Sharks

  • Class: Placodermi / Chondrichthyes
SPECIES TIME ORDER / FAMILY DEPTH SIZE WEIGHT DIET LOCATION / DIGSITE SPECIAL SKILLS CARTOON ALL-STARS'S COMMENTS
Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus Late Devonian Arthrodira / Dinichthyidae 4 m 14 m 6 tons Apex Carnivore Cleveland Shale, Ohio, USA Self-sharpening jaw plates Michelangelo: "No teeth, just solid armor-plated blades for a mouth! Talk about a radical buzzsaw bite!"
Otodus megalodon Miocene / Pliocene Lamniformes / Otodontidae 4.5 m 15 m 50 tons Apex Carnivore Calvert Formation, Maryland, USA 40,000-pound bite pressure Huey, Dewey, & Louie: "The absolute king of the oceans! Even a Tyrannosaurus rex wouldn't want to swim with this guy!"

If you want to keep expanding this world guide, let me know if you would like to:

  • Look into the Cenozoic Ice Age megafauna (Mammoths, Sabertooths) with Sid and the team.
  • Deep dive into a specific creature's fossil discovery history.
  • Craft short scripts of these characters interacting directly with one of these sea or air monsters

Dinosaur Facts and Figures

Early Theropoda Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Holotype: PVL 2566) Late Triassic (Carnian, ~231.4 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~3.0–6.0 m

Mass: ~200–350 kg

Formation: Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina "Ale, look at those flexible lower jaw joints! This hyper-carnivorous basal beast shows that early predators were already mastering primitive kinetic skulls long before the Jurassic giants ever walked the valley."
Staurikosaurus pricei (Holotype: MCZ 4139) Late Triassic (Carnian, ~233.2 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~2.25 m

Mass: ~30 kg

Formation: Santa Maria Formation, Brazil "Such a slender, agile hunter! Its short body and long tail tell me it relied entirely on quick, bounding strikes rather than brute force to catch prey in those ancient floodplains."
Abelisaurus comahuensis (Holotype: MCV 878) Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~7.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~1.4–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Allen Formation, Argentina "Look at the rugged skull ornamentation without horns! Even though we are missing most of its skeleton, its skull geometry screams specialized apex ambush predator."
Carnotaurus sastrei (Holotype: MACN-CH 894) Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~72 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~7.5–8.0 m

Mass: ~1.3–2.1 metric tons

Formation: La Colonia Formation, Argentina "The meat-eating bull with actual horns! And those ridiculously stubby arms make my archaeological tools look oversized. Still, its rigid, deep snout was built for high-speed slash-and-grab attacks!"
Ceratosaurus nasicornis (Holotype: USNM 4735) Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~152 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~5.3–7.0 m

Mass: ~500–980 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "That prominent nasal horn and the osteoderms running down its back give it such a striking, dragon-like silhouette. A true classic of the Late Jurassic predator guild!"
Coelophysis bauri (Lectotype: AMNH 7224) Late Triassic (Norian, ~208–201 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~3.0 m

Mass: ~15–25 kg

Formation: Chinle Formation, USA "Swarming bonebeds like Ghost Ranch prove these slender coelophysids hunted in packs! Those razor-sharp, serrated teeth were engineered for lightning-fast insect and small vertebrate snags."
Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Holotype: UCMP 37302) Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~193 Ma) Height: ~1.7 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~400 kg

Formation: Kayenta Formation, USA "Forget the fictional movie spitting venom—this crested apex predator of the Early Jurassic had a delicate, notched upper jaw that hints it might have specialized in fish or smaller, agile prey!"
Liliensternus liliensterni (Lectotype: MB.R.2175) Late Triassic (Norian, ~210–201 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~5.15 m

Mass: ~127 kg

Formation: Trossingen Formation, Germany "A magnificent European basal neotheropod! Its pneumatic vertebrae and hollow limb bones show just how early evolutionary experimentation with lightweight, agile frames began."
Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Holotype: MNHN 1931-3) Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height: ~2.1 m

Length: ~6.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~1.1 metric tons

Formation: Maevarano Formation, Madagascar "Cannibalism confirmed through deep tooth marks on its own kind! This short-snouted, dome-headed abelisaurid proves that Late Cretaceous island ecosystems were utterly brutal."

Tetanurae Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis

(Holotype: OUMNH J.13558)

Middle Jurassic (Callovian, ~165 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~4.6–6.0 m

Mass: ~200–300 kg

Formation: Oxford Clay Formation, England "A classic coastal dweller! Finding its lone skeleton washed up in marine clays suggests this megalosaurid might have scavenged along ancient shorelines or floated out to sea."
Marshosaurus bicentesimus

(Holotype: UU VP 6389)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~155 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~5.0–6.0 m

Mass: ~140–200 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "Named in honor of Othniel Charles Marsh during the American bicentennial, this slender middle-tier predator quietly shared the Morrison landscape with giants like Allosaurus."
Metriacanthosaurus parkeri

(Holotype: OUMNH J.12144)

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian, ~160 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~8.0 m

Mass: ~1.0 metric ton

Formation: Oxford Clay Formation, England "Look at those unusually tall neural spines on its back! They aren't quite a full sail like Spinosaurus, but they definitely gave it a striking, high-backed profile in the Jurassic mist."
Cryolophosaurus ellioti

(Holotype: FMNH PR1821)

Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian, ~194 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.5 m

Mass: ~465 kg

Formation: Hanson Formation, Antarctica "The frozen crest of Antarctica! Finding a carnivorous theropod with a bizarre, transverse 'Elvis pompadour' crest right near the South Pole proves these dinosaurs adapted to polar darkness and seasonal chill."
Poekilopleuron bucklandii

(Holotype: Destroyed in WWII)

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian, ~167 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~6.0 m

Mass: ~300–400 kg

Formation: Marnes de Dives Formation, France "One of the earliest named French dinosaurs! Even though the original holotype was lost to history during World War II, its legacy in early tetanuran taxonomy remains monumental."
Torvosaurus gurneyi

(Holotype: ML 1100)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~10.0 m

Mass: ~2.0 metric tons

Formation: Lourinhã Formation, Portugal "The savage lion of Late Jurassic Europe! Its immensely thick teeth and massive arms meant it could easily contest kills with anything else roaming the Iberian floodplains."
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis

(Holotype: SMU 74677)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~113–110 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~11.5 m

Mass: ~5.6–6.2 metric tons

Formation: Antlers Formation, USA "That muscular ridge running down its spine wasn't a fragile sail—it anchored powerful muscle sheets for a devastating strike. A true apex terror of the early Cretaceous!"
Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis

(Holotype: MNHN GDF 512)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~95 Ma) Height: ~3.5 m

Length: ~10.0–12.0 m

Mass: ~4.0 metric tons

Formation: Echkar Formation, Niger "Shark-toothed terror of the Sahara! Those serrated blades were custom-built to slice deep chunks of flesh out of massive titanosaur prey in North African river systems."
Giganotosaurus carolinii

(Holotype: MUCPv-Ch1)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~97–96 Ma) Height: ~3.7 m

Length: ~12.2–13.2 m

Mass: ~6.5–8.0 metric tons

Formation: Candeleros Formation, Argentina "Bigger than T. rex by length, with a skull built like an absolute crushing machine. South America's supreme apex predator was a masterpiece of specialized carnivory!"
Allosaurus europaeus

(Holotype: ML 415)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~152 Ma) Height: ~2.9 m

Length: ~12.0 m

Mass: ~4.5 metric tons

Formation: Lourinhã Formation, Portugal / Morrison Formation, USA "The European cousin of the classic American Allosaurus! Proving that this genus was a wildly successful trans-Atlantic hunter across varied Jurassic archipelagos."
Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis

(Holotype: CV 00101)

Middle to Late Jurassic (Callovian–Oxfordian, ~165 Ma) Height: ~2.2 m

Length: ~8.0–11.0 m

Mass: ~2.4 metric tons

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "Asia's answer to Allosaurus! With a rugged nose horn and a heavily armored skull structure, it dominated the lush Jurassic ecosystems of Sichuan province."
Baryonyx walkeri

(Holotype: NHMUK VP R9951)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~125 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~7.5–8.5 m

Mass: ~1.2–1.7 metric tons

Formation: Weald Clay Group, England "That enormous, sickle-shaped thumb claw and crocodile-like snout make it unmistakably piscivorous. Scales of fossilized fish inside its ribcage give us a direct window into its diet!"
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus

(Neotype: FSAC-CK 114)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~95–93 Ma) Height: ~4.0 m

Length: ~14.0 m

Mass: ~6.0–7.5 metric tons

Formation: Kem Kem Group, Morocco "The ultimate river monster! With a paddle-like tail, dense bones for ballast, and a gigantic dorsal sail, it traded dry-land speed to become a fully aquatic ambush predator."
Suchomimus tenerensis

(Holotype: MNHN GDF 500)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~112 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~10.0–11.0 m

Mass: ~3.5–5.2 metric tons

Formation: Elrhaz Formation, Niger "The crocodile mimic of the African desert! Its long, slender jaws and powerful forelimbs were expertly engineered to pluck giant prehistoric coelacanths straight out of river channels."
Albertosaurus sarcophagus

(Holotype: UAM Z-1)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~2.4 m

Length: ~8.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~1.7–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Canada "A slender, lightning-fast tyrannosaurid! Bonebed discoveries up in Alberta suggest these sleek hunters may have lived and hunted in coordinated family groups."
Alioramus altai

(Holotype: IGM 100/1844)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~5.0–6.0 m

Mass: ~350 kg

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "Look at that low, slender snout covered in distinctive hornlets! It was like a miniature, hyper-agile cousin to Tarbosaurus, dodging the massive apex predators of the Gobi."
Daspletosaurus horneri

(Holotype: MOR 590)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~77–75 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~9.0 m

Mass: ~2.5 metric tons

Formation: Two Medicine Formation, USA "Fossil skin impressions show it lacked lips and instead had armored, crocodile-like facial scales filled with sensory nerves. Talk about an intimidating tactical hunter!"
Dryptosaurus aquilunguis

(Holotype: ANSP 9995)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~7.5 m

Mass: ~1.2 metric tons

Formation: Marshalltown Formation, USA "An eastern North American oddity! Long before tyrannosaurs grew to colossal size, Dryptosaurus rocked bizarrely massive, hand-cleaving claws that set it apart from standard tyrannosauroids."
Gorgosaurus libratus

(Holotype: NMC 2120)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76–75 Ma) Height: ~2.4 m

Length: ~8.5–9.0 m

Mass: ~2.0–2.8 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "Slightly smaller and sleeker than T. rex, this apex predator shared the bustling Late Cretaceous Canadian floodplains with a staggering diversity of horned dinosaurs."
Moros intrepidus

(Holotype: NCSM 33392)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~96 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.2 m

Mass: ~11 kg

Formation: Cedar Mountain Formation, USA "The tiny harbinger of doom! This delicate, chicken-sized tyrannosauroid shows how small these apex rulers started before global climates shifted and allowed them to take over."
Nanotyrannus lethaeus

(Holotype: CMNH 7541)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~5.0–6.5 m

Mass: ~350–900 kg

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "Whether it's a valid pygmy tyrannosaurid or just an adolescent T. rex, those slender jaws and blade-like teeth are sleek enough to spark endless paleo-debates!"
Qianzhousaurus sinensis

(Holotype: GMV V2153)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.3 m

Mass: ~750 kg

Formation: Nanxiong Formation, China "Pinocchio rex! Its extraordinarily long, slender snout proves that tyrannosaurids experimented with different feeding niches, hunting faster, more agile prey in Cretaceous Asia."
Tarbosaurus bataar

(Holotype: PIN 551-1)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height: ~3.2 m

Length: ~10.0–12.0 m

Mass: ~4.0–5.0 metric tons

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "The Asiatic king! Its rigid skull structure was custom-evolved to absorb massive impact forces while wrestling giant, neck-stretching sauropods in the Mongolian dust."
Tromerosaurus solumons

(Hypothetical / Reference Taxon)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~2.8 m

Length: ~9.5 m

Mass: ~2.5 metric tons

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "A fascinating lesser-known entry in the tyrannosauroid record, representing the complex mosaic of mid-to-large theropods occupying the shrinking Cretaceous margins."
Tyrannosaurus rex

(Holotype: FMNH PR2081 / Sue)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~3.6–5.0 m

Length: ~12.3–15.0 m

Mass: ~8.4–10.5 metric tons

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA / Frenchman Formation, Canada "The undisputed tyrant lizard king! With a bite force capable of crushing solid bone and binocular vision sharper than a hawk's, it remains the ultimate icon of prehistory."

Coelurosauria Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Coelurus fragilis

(Holotype: YPM 2010)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~155 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~13–20 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "Such a graceful, slender little hunter! Othniel Charles Marsh named it for its hollow, fragile vertebrae, proving that early coelurosaurs were built like lightning-fast avian athletes."
Ornitholestes hermanni

(Holotype: AMNH 619)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~154 Ma) Height: ~0.7 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~12–15 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "That slight bump or possible nasal horn on its snout always sparked debate—was it for display? Either way, this bird-robber was darting through the Morrison ferns with incredible agility."
Compsognathus longipes

(Holotype: BSP AS I 563)

Late Jurassic (Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Height: ~0.25 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~0.83–3.5 kg

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "The classic 'dainty jaw'! Famous for being preserved in fine German limestone with a tiny lizard trapped inside its belly. It shatters the myth that all dinosaurs were house-sized monsters."
Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis

(Holotype: NIGP 127587)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~125 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~0.68–1.07 m

Mass: ~0.55 kg

Formation: Yixian Formation, China "The very first dinosaur found with preserved primitive feather filaments! Melanosome traces even let us know it rocked a reddish-brown coat with a striped tail."
Proceratosaurus bradleyi

(Holotype: NHMUK R4860)

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian, ~167 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~3.0 m

Mass: ~40 kg

Formation: Great Oolite Group, England "Long before giant tyrannosaurs ruled, this little English predator was already sporting the early version of a midline nasal crest. A true ancestral pioneer!"
Yutyrannus huali

(Holotype: ZCDM V5000)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~125 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~9.0 m

Mass: ~1.4 metric tons

Formation: Yixian Formation, China "Feathered tyrannosauroids the size of a bear! Finding 30-foot apex predators covered in broad, filamentous 'dusted' feathers completely changed how we picture cold-climate hunters."
Archaeornithomimus asiaticus

(Holotype: PIN 31-1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~1.3 m

Length: ~3.3 m

Mass: ~50 kg

Formation: Iren Dabasu Formation, China "An ancient ostrich-mimic from the deserts of Inner Mongolia! Built for sheer speed, with long stride lengths that left modern roadrunners in the dust."
Deinocheirus mirificus

(Holotype: MPC-D 100/127)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–69 Ma) Height: ~6.0 m

Length: ~15.0 m

Mass: ~6.3–7.0 metric tons

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "The ultimate paleo-mystery solved! What started as just a pair of enormous 8-foot-long arms turned out to be a humped, duck-billed, mega-sized omnivore. Truly 'horrible hands'!"
Dromiceiomimus samueli

(Holotype: UALVP 52631)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~3.5 m

Mass: ~100 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "Named for its striking resemblance to the modern emu! Its large eyes and sleek, toothless beak indicate it was a keen-sighted forager on the Canadian floodplains."
Gallimimus bullatus

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/11)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.0 m

Mass: ~440 kg

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "The chicken-mimic that stole the show in Jurassic Park! These massive flocking speedsters could outpace almost any predator in the Nemegt basin."
Ornithomimus velox

(Holotype: YPM 542)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~1.4 m

Length: ~3.5–3.8 m

Mass: ~100–150 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "One of North America's premier ostrich dinosaurs. Fossil quill knobs on its arms confirm it had a full fan of wing feathers used for display or brooding!"
Struthiomimus altus

(Holotype: AMNH 5339)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76 Ma) Height: ~1.4 m

Length: ~4.3 m

Mass: ~150 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The ostrich mimic par excellence! With long, slender grasping hands and a specialized keratinous beak, it swept up plants, insects, and small critters with ease."
Avimimus nemegtensis

(Holotype: PIN 3907/1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.5 m

Mass: ~15 kg

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "Bird mimic supreme! Short-faced, toothless, and sporting a pygostyle tail, it looked remarkably like a ground-dwelling modern bird millions of years before its time."
Chirostenotes pergracilis

(Holotype: NMC 8538)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.9 m

Length: ~2.8 m

Mass:

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "A bizarre caenagnathid oviraptorosaur with a toothless jaw, deep mandible, and weirdly fused claw bones. Every new bone we find adds to its puzzle!"
Conchoraptor gracilis

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/20)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.0–1.4 m

Mass: ~20 kg

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia "Named after conch shells because scientists originally wondered if it crushed mollusks with its deep beak. Its light, pneumatic skull is a marvel of evolutionary engineering."
Elmisaurus rarus

(Holotype: ZPAL MgD-I/17)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~30 kg

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "Known famously from slender hand and foot bones, this rare oviraptorosaurian cousin glided silently through the ancient Asian forests."
Oviraptor philoceratops

(Holotype: AMNH 6517)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.6 m

Mass: ~33–40 kg

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia "Framed unfairly as an 'egg thief' because its fossils were found near nests—which we later discovered were actually its own nests! A dedicated, brooding parent of the Gobi."
Protarchaeopteryx robusta

(Holotype: IVPP V9653)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~125 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~1.5–2.0 kg

Formation: Yixian Formation, China "Symmetrical pennaceous feathers on its tail and arms! It couldn't truly fly, but its display plumage was a dazzling preview of the avian revolution."

Advanced Theropods & Avialae Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Erlikosaurus andrewsi

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/111)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian, ~90 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~4.5–6.0 m

Mass: ~500 kg

Formation: Bayan Shireh Formation, Mongolia "Look at those leaf-shaped teeth and tiny beak! This herbivorous therizinosaur used its pot-belly to ferment plants, completely defying what a meat-eater's family tree looks like."
Segnosaurus galbinensis

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/82)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian, ~93–89 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~1.3 metric tons

Formation: Bayan Shireh Formation, Mongolia "When scientists first found its weird pelvic bones and turtle-like lower jaws, they had no idea what it was. A bizarre, slow-moving browser of Cretaceous river basins!"
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis

(Holotype: PIN 551-483)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~4.5–5.0 m

Length: ~10.0 m

Mass: ~5.0 metric tons

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "Those three-foot-long scythe claws look like a horror movie prop, but they were actually used to pull down high branches and foliage. The ultimate gentle giant of the Asian forests!"
Saurornithoides mongoliensis

(Holotype: AMNH 6516)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0–3.0 m

Mass: ~20–30 kg

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia "Lizard-bird of the Gobi! With an enlarged braincase and binocular vision, its hunting intelligence was leagues ahead of standard primitive predators."
Stenonychosaurus inequalis

(Holotype: UCMZ 12)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76 Ma) Height: ~0.9 m

Length: ~2.4 m

Mass: ~35–50 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "North America's stealthy nocturnal hunter! Those massive, pivoting eyes meant it could track down small mammals under the dim canopy of the Late Cretaceous."
Troodon formosus

(Holotype: YPM 1903)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~77–74 Ma) Height: ~0.9 m

Length: ~2.4 m

Mass: ~45–50 kg

Formation: Judith River Group, USA "Starting out life known from just a single, strangely serrated tooth, this iconic troodontid sparked decades of debate about dinosaur intelligence and sensory prowess."
Bambiraptor feinbergi

(Holotype: AMNH FR 30556)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~72 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~0.7–1.0 m

Mass: ~2–3 kg

Formation: Two Medicine Formation, Canada / USA "Named after the famous deer! This juvenile dromaeosaurid specimen gave us an incredible look at bird-like brain expansions and agile forest leaping."
Dakotaraptor steini

(Holotype: PBMNH P.10.113.T)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~5.5 m

Mass: ~250–350 kg

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "A giant, heavyweight raptor sharing the very same turf as T. rex! Those 9.5-inch quill knobs on its forearms prove it rocked full, majestic wings."
Deinonychus antirrhopus

(Holotype: YPM 5205)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~115–108 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~3.4 m

Mass: ~73–100 kg

Formation: Cloverly Formation, USA "The dinosaur that sparked the 'Renaissance'! Its lethal sickle claw and active posture completely revolutionized how the world viewed warm-blooded, dynamic dinosaurs."
Dromaeosaurus albertensis

(Holotype: NMC 5711)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76 Ma) Height: ~0.7 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~15–20 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The robust trailblazer of the Canadian badlands! Shorter-snouted and built with a heavier bite force than its sleeker raptor cousins."
Saurornitholestes sullivani

(Holotype: SMP VP-1270)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.8 m

Mass: ~10 kg

Formation: Kirtland Formation, USA "An agile, cat-sized hunter dashing through southwestern floodplains. Its exceptionally sharp senses made it a master of catching elusive prey."
Velociraptor osmolskae

(Holotype: MPC-D 100/985)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75–71 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~15 kg

Formation: Bayan Mandahu Formation, China "The Asian counterpart to V. mongoliensis! Proof that these lightning-fast pack hunters ruled the dunes across multiple regions of the Gobi desert."
Microraptor gui

(Holotype: IVPP V13352)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~120 Ma) Height: ~0.2 m

Length: ~0.77–0.8 m

Mass: ~1 kg

Formation: Jiufotang Formation, China "The four-winged glider! With long, asymmetrical feathers on both its arms and its hind legs, it drifted gracefully from tree to tree in prehistoric Liaoning."
Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi

(Holotype / Specimen: Bürgermeister-Müller Museum)

Late Jurassic (Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~0.5 m

Mass: ~0.8–1.0 kg

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "The ultimate transitional icon! Featuring teeth, a long bony tail, and full flight feathers, it bridges the gap between terrifying theropod dinosaurs and modern birds with absolute grace."

Sauropodomorpha (Prosauropoda) Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Anchisaurus polyzelus

(Holotype: YPM 1883)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200–188 Ma) Height: ~0.7 m

Length: ~2.0–2.5 m

Mass: ~27–50 kg

Formation: Portland Formation, USA "One of the earliest dinosaur fossils ever found in North America! It could walk on two legs or four, showing the evolutionary transition toward true browsing giants."
Efraasia minor

(Holotype: SMNS 12667)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~210 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~4.0–6.5 m

Mass: ~100–130 kg

Formation: Löwenstein Formation, Germany "A slender German prosauropod with long, grasping hands! Perfect for stripping down early Triassic vegetation before the super-sauropods took over."
Eoraptor lunensis

(Holotype: PVSJ 512)

Late Triassic (Carnian, ~231 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.0–1.7 m

Mass: ~10–17 kg

Formation: Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina "The dawn plunderer! Sitting right at the root of the dinosaur family tree, showing us how small and nimble the common ancestor of both theropods and sauropods really was."
Massospondylus kaalae

(Holotype: BP/1/4779)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~200–183 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~4.0–5.0 m

Mass: ~150–300 kg

Formation: Elliot Formation, South Africa "A classic South African long-neck! Its thumb claws were built like curved daggers, likely used for defense or gathering food down in ancient river valleys."
Melanorosaurus readi

(Holotype: SAM-PK-3449)

Late Triassic to Early Jurassic (Norian–Sinemurian, ~216–200 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~8.0–12.0 m

Mass: ~1.0–3.3 metric tons

Formation: Lower Elliot Formation, South Africa "Look at that heavy, pillar-like limb structure! It represents the exact moment prosauropods started bulking up into true, quadrupedal sauropod titans."
Mussaurus patagonicus

(Holotype: PVL 4097)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~215 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m (Adults: ~1.5 m)

Length: ~1.5 m (Adults: ~6.0 m)

Mass: ~1.0 kg (Adults: ~1.0 metric ton)

Formation: El Tranquil Formation, Argentina "The 'mouse lizard'! Famous for finding exquisite fossilized hatchlings nested together in Argentina, showing how these giants started life tiny."
Plateosaurus gracilis

(Holotype: SMNS 13200)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~214–204 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~5.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~600–700 kg

Formation: Trossingen Formation, Germany "The great German swamp-dweller! Bonebeds packed with dozens of individuals prove they roamed in large herds across central Europe long before the Jurassic."
Riojasaurus incertus

(Holotype: PVL 3808)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~227–213 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~6.6–10.0 m

Mass: ~800–3,000 kg

Formation: Los Colorados Formation, Argentina "A heavy, rigid-backed quadruped from Argentina! Its chunky legs and solid bones show it stayed firmly on all fours while browsing high foliage."
Thecodontosaurus antiquus

(Holotype: BRSUG 26120)

Late Triassic (Rhaetian, ~205 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0–2.5 m

Mass: ~30–40 kg

Formation: Magnesian Conglomerate, England "Bristol's very own ancient lizard! One of the first dinosaurs ever named in British paleontology, browsing through island-like archipelago rocks."
Yunnanosaurus youngi

(Holotype: IVPP V20)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, ~200–190 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~400–600 kg

Formation: Lufeng Formation, China "Its spoon-shaped teeth were uniquely specialized for snipping and grinding plant matter, making it one of the most successful herbivores of early Jurassic China."
Smurfette smurfensis

(Fictional Specimen: Village Mushroom Archive)

Holocene to Prehistoric Crossover Era Height: ~0.05 m

Length: ~0.05 m

Mass: ~0.02 kg

Formation: Smurf Village Botanical Layer, Belzat Forest "Well, now I've seen everything! A three-apple-tall blue wanderer exploring the sauropod tracks. Let's just hope Gargamel's pet cat Azrael doesn't try to hunt this little mythologist!"

Sauropoda Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis

(Holotype: USNM 15560)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~69–66 Ma) Height: ~12.0 m

Length: ~26.0–30.0 m

Mass: ~30–73 metric tons

Formation: Ojo Alamo Formation / Naashoibito Member, USA "North America's last great sauropod! These colossal survivors walked right up to the end of the Cretaceous, dodging T. rex on the very edge of extinction."
Amargasaurus cazaui

(Holotype: MACN-RN 1001)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~129–122 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~9.0–10.0 m

Mass: ~2.6 metric tons

Formation: La Amarga Formation, Argentina "Look at those paired, needle-like neural spines streaming off its neck! They may have supported a double keratinous sail for visual display or defense."
Apatosaurus ajax

(Holotype: YPM 1980)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~152 Ma) Height: ~6.5 m

Length: ~21.0–27.0 m

Mass: ~16–22 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "The classic whip-tailed gentle giant! Its tail could literally crack like a supersonic bullwhip to deter hungry allosaurids."
Barapasaurus tagorei

(Holotype: GSI IMC K27/694)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, ~190–183 Ma) Height: ~3.5 m

Length: ~14.0 m

Mass: ~10–14 metric tons

Formation: Kota Formation, India "One of the earliest true sauropods! Named in honor of Rabindranath Tagore, this Indian pioneer shows how fast early long-necks scaled up in mass."
Brachiosaurus altithorax

(Holotype: FMNH P 25107)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~154–153 Ma) Height: ~9.0–14.0 m

Length: ~20.0–26.0 m

Mass: ~28–56 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA / Kota Formation, India "Built like a living giraffe-tower! With longer front legs than back legs, it browsed the highest conifer treetops that other herbivores couldn't even reach."
Camarasaurus supremus

(Holotype: AMNH 5761)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~155–145 Ma) Height: ~4.5 m

Length: ~15.0–18.0 m

Mass: ~15–23 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "The most common sauropod in the Morrison quarry! Its blunt, box-like snout and spoon teeth were expert tools for chomping coarser Jurassic vegetation."
Cetiosaurus oxoniensis

(Lectotype: OUMNH J.13605)

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian, ~168–164 Ma) Height: ~4.0 m

Length: ~15.0–16.0 m

Mass: ~15–25 metric tons

Formation: Chipping Norton Limestone / Rutland Formation, England "The 'whale lizard'! One of the first dinosaurs ever scientifically described, giving 19th-century paleontologists their very first peek into England's prehistoric deep past."
Dicraeosaurus sattleri

(Holotype: MB.R.MB.R.4332)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~150 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~12.0–14.0 m

Mass: ~4.0–5.0 metric tons

Formation: Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania "A short-necked, fork-spined African marvel! It traded extra neck length for a lightweight, highly maneuverable frame in the lush Tendaguru floodplains."
Diplodocus hallorum

(Holotype: WDC-DHS-1 / formerly Seismosaurus)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~154–152 Ma) Height: ~5.0 m

Length: ~32.0–35.0 m

Mass: ~12–15 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "An astonishingly long creature! More than half its total length was just a slender, whip-like tail designed to keep Morrison predators at a very safe distance."
Dreadnoughtus schrani

(Holotype: MPM-PV 1156)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~77 Ma) Height: ~16.0 m

Length: ~26.0 m

Mass: ~22–59 metric tons

Formation: Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina "Named after battleships because it 'fearing nothing'! With massive muscle scars etched into its bones, this titan was an absolute fortress on four legs."
Euhelopus zdanskyi

(Holotype: PM U 236)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~118–113 Ma) Height: ~4.0 m

Length: ~15.0 m

Mass: ~15–20 metric tons

Formation: Mengyin Formation, China "One of China's classic Cretaceous sauropods! Its elevated shoulders and uniquely curved skull made it a striking fixture of East Asian flood basins."
Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum

(Holotype: IVPP V.9404)

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian, ~162–155 Ma) Height: ~17.0 m

Length: ~26.0–35.0 m

Mass: ~12–25 metric tons

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "Half its body length was pure neck! Holding the record for one of the longest necks in the animal kingdom, supported by an incredible web of pneumatic ribs."
Omeisaurus fuxiensis

(Holotype: IVPP V.4401)

Middle to Late Jurassic (Bathonian–Oxfordian, ~165–155 Ma) Height: ~4.5 m

Length: ~20.0 m

Mass: ~9–15 metric tons

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "Named after Mount Omei, this magnificent Asian sauropod sported a long, whip-like tail and a robust ribcage designed for high-capacity plant digestion."
Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii

(Holotype: ZPAL MgD-I/48)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~11.4–12.0 m

Mass: ~8.4–10 metric tons

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "A heavy, tank-like titanosaur from the Nemegt basin that famously lacked a preserved skull. Its ball-and-socket tail vertebrae gave it incredible spinal flexibility!"
Patagotitan mayorum

(Holotype: MPEF-PV 3400)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~101 Ma) Height: ~17.0 m

Length: ~37.0 m

Mass: ~57–70 metric tons

Formation: Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina "Titan of titans! Discovered in Argentine Patagonia, this colossus pushes the physical boundaries of how heavy a land animal could possibly grow."
Saltasaurus loricatus

(Holotype: PVL 4017-91)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~12.0–12.8 m

Mass: ~7.0 metric tons

Formation: Lecho Formation, Argentina "The armored sauropod! Who says giant long-necks couldn't defend themselves? It carried bony osteoderms embedded in its skin like a prehistoric tank."
Sauroposeidon proteles

(Holotype: OMNH 53062)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~110 Ma) Height: ~18.0 m

Length: ~27.0–34.0 m

Mass: ~40–60 metric tons

Formation: Antlers Formation, USA "The earthquake god lizard! Standing tall enough to look into a modern six-story building window, it was the absolute height of Early Cretaceous sauropod evolution."
Supersaurus vivianae

(Holotype: WDC DMNH 25992)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~153 Ma) Height: ~21.5 m

Length: ~33.0–45.0 m

Mass: ~31–50 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "Super by name, super by nature! One of the longest dinosaurs ever recovered from the Morrison, stretching across landscapes with breathtaking scale."

Ornithischia (Cerapoda & Ornithopoda) Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Abrictosaurus consors

(Holotype: UCL BIV 50)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200–190 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.2 m

Mass: ~3 kg

Formation: Upper Elliot Formation, Lesotho "Look at those prominent canine-like tusks! Even though they were plant-eaters, these heterodontosaurids weren't afraid to flash some dental bling when defending themselves."
Echinodon becklesii

(Holotype: BMNH 48209)

Early Cretaceous (Berriasian, ~145 Ma) Height: ~0.2 m

Length: ~0.6 m

Mass: ~1 kg

Formation: Purbeck Group, England "The 'spiny tooth'! A tiny, pocket-sized ornithischian from England with unique self-sharpening teeth that let it clip stubborn prehistoric plants with surgical precision."
Fabrosaurus australis

(Holotype: MNHN LES 1)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~5 kg

Formation: Upper Elliot Formation, Lesotho "A foundational name in early ornithischian history! Though fragmentary, its leaf-shaped cheek teeth proved that nimble little browsers were already diversifying rapidly."
Geranosaurus atavus

(Holotype: SAM-PK-1871)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.2 m

Mass: ~6 kg

Formation: Upper Elliot Formation, South Africa "The 'crane lizard'! Named for its slender, bird-like lower jaw structure, showing how early South African herbivores adapted for selective feeding."
Heterodontosaurus tucki

(Holotype: SAM-PK-3372)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200–190 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.2 m

Mass: ~2.5–5 kg

Formation: Upper Elliot Formation, South Africa "The weird-toothed wonder! Complete with chisel-like front teeth, chewing cheek teeth, and sharp canine tusks. It's like a prehistoric rodent crossed with a sabertooth!"
Lesothosaurus diagnosticus

(Holotype: BMNH R11956)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian, ~200–196 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~4–7 kg

Formation: Upper Elliot Formation, Lesotho / South Africa "Lightning-fast and blindingly agile! This basal ornithischian zipped across southern Africa's arid plains on long, slender hind legs."
Pisanosaurus mertii

(Holotype: PVL 2577)

Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian, ~228–216 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~2.5 kg

Formation: Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina "One of the oldest known ornithischians of all! Marking the very dawn of the bird-hipped lineage in the sun-baked floodplains of Argentina."
Callovosaurus leedsi

(Holotype: BMNH R3165)

Middle Jurassic (Callovian, ~165 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~2.5 m

Mass: ~50 kg

Formation: Oxford Clay Formation, England "An elusive Middle Jurassic iguanodontian! Known from fragmentary fossils tucked away in English marine clays, giving us a rare glimpse into pre-Morrison herbivores."
Camptosaurus dispar

(Holotype: YPM 1877)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~156–145 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~780–800 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "The sturdy, flexible runner of the Morrison! It could graze comfortably on all fours or stand tall on its hind legs to reach mid-level canopy shrubs."
Dryosaurus elderae

(Holotype: YPM 1876)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~155–145 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~2.4–4.0 m

Mass: ~70–100 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "Built like a gazelle! With huge eyes and an aerodynamic snout, it relied entirely on blistering speed to outrun allosaurs and ceratosaurs."
Fulgurotherium australe

(Holotype: BMNH R3717)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~112–100 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.5 m

Mass: ~15 kg

Formation: Griman Creek Formation, Australia "The 'lightning beast' from down under! A small, swift hypsilophodontid darting through the ancient polar forests of southeastern Australia."
Hippodraco scutodens

(Holotype: UMNH VP 20208)

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian, ~132 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~4.5 m

Mass: ~300 kg

Formation: Cedar Mountain Formation, USA "The horse-dragon! Named for its elongated horse-like facial profile, representing a fascinating early basal iguanodontian stepping stone in North America."
Hypsilophodon foxii

(Holotype: BMNH R196)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~130–125 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.5–2.0 m

Mass: ~20 kg

Formation: Wessex Formation, England "The classic nimble biped! For a long time, scientists thought it climbed trees, but its specialized beak and rigid tail prove it was an absolute ground-sprinter."
Iguanodon bernissartensis

(Holotype: IRSNB 1536)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian, ~126–122 Ma) Height: ~4.5 m

Length: ~9.0–11.2 m

Mass: ~3.0–4.8 metric tons

Formation: Bernissart Clay / Wealden Group, Belgium "The famous spiked thumb! Discovered packed by the dozens in a Belgian coal mine. That conical thumb spike was a lethal close-quarters weapon against predators."
Loncosaurus argentinus

(Holotype: MACN A-52)

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Campanian, ~85 Ma) Height: ~0.7 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~30 kg

Formation: Bajo Barreal Formation, Argentina "A mysterious Patagonian ornithopod! Known from sparse skeletal fragments, showing just how widespread these small-to-mid-sized herbivores were in South America."
Muttaburrasaurus langdoni

(Holotype: QMF 61)

Early Cretaceous (Albian, ~105–100 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~7.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~2.8 metric tons

Formation: Allaru Mudstone / Mackunda Formation, Australia "Look at that hollow, swollen nasal arch on its snout! It likely acted as a resonating chamber to broadcast deep, booming calls across the Australian river plains."
Nanosaurus agilis

(Holotype: YPM 1913)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~155 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~10 kg

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "The dainty lizard! Othniel Charles Marsh's tiny basal ornithischian that scurried around the feet of towering Morrison sauropods."
Ouranosaurus nigeriensis

(Holotype: MNHN GDF 300)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~125–112 Ma) Height: ~2.7 m

Length: ~7.0–8.3 m

Mass: ~2.2–4.0 metric tons

Formation: Elrhaz Formation, Niger "A majestic sail-backed iguanodontian from the Sahara! Unlike Spinosaurus, its neural spines formed a broad, muscular hump or display sail across its back."
Parksosaurus warreni

(Holotype: ROM 804)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.5 m

Mass: ~45 kg

Formation: Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Canada "Named after pioneering Canadian paleontologist William Parks! A sleek, big-eyed hypsilophodontid ducking through the closing chapters of the Cretaceous."
Probactrosaurus gobiensis

(Holotype: PIN 2232-1)

Early Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian, ~105–95 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~6.0 m

Mass: ~1.0 metric ton

Formation: Dzunbayan / Khukhtek Formation, Mongolia / China "The evolutionary bridge to the giant duck-bills! Its advanced dental batteries and snout structure previewed the massive hadrosaur take-over."
Tenontosaurus dossi

(Holotype: SMU 68462)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~115–105 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~1.0 metric ton

Formation: Antlers / Twin Mountains Formation, USA "The ultimate prey package! Famous for fossil sites where multiple Deinonychus skeletons surround a single Tenontosaurus, showing complex predator-prey dynamics."
Thescelosaurus garbanii

(Holotype: LACM 23845)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~3.5–4.0 m

Mass: ~200–300 kg

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "The wonderful pebble-toothed herbivore! Some specimens even preserve fossilized skin and internal body armor rings, making it one of the best-understood last-minute survivors."
Valdosaurus canaliculatus

(Holotype: BMNH R187)

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian, ~140–125 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~30 kg

Formation: Wessex Formation / Wealden Group, England "Named after the Isle of Wight's ancient Valdean rocks! A fast-moving, slender dryosaurid skipping through European swamp forests."
Zephyrosaurus schaffi

(Holotype: MCZ 4392)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~115–110 Ma) Height: ~0.5 m

Length: ~1.8 m

Mass: ~20 kg

Formation: Cloverly Formation, USA "The western wind lizard! Sporting a remarkably rugged skull with distinct muscle bumps, suggesting it engaged in head-butting or species display rituals."

Hadrosauridae Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Brachylophosaurus canadensis

(Holotype: ROM 867)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76.5 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~7.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~3.0–4.0 metric tons

Formation: Oldman / Judith River Formation, Canada / USA "Look at that flat, bony paddle on top of its skull! It looks almost like a medieval helmet. Nicknamed 'Leonardo' because of incredible mummified fossil preservation with skin intact!"
Corythosaurus casuarius

(Holotype: AMNH 5240)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~77–75 Ma) Height: ~2.8 m

Length: ~9.0 m

Mass: ~3.0–4.0 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada / Lance Formation, USA "The helmet lizard! That hollow, semi-circular crest housed looping nasal passages that could trumpet haunting, resonant honks across the Cretaceous river valleys."
Edmontosaurus regalis

(Holotype: NMC 2288)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~73–66 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~12.0–13.0 m

Mass: ~4.0–9.0 metric tons

Formation: Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Canada / Lance Formation, USA "One of the ultimate mega-herbivores of the late Cretaceous! Some mummified 'dinosaur mummy' specimens even preserve soft tissue duck-bills and fleshy head combs."
Hypacrosaurus stebingeri

(Holotype: MOR 549)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~75–67 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~9.1–10.7 m

Mass: ~4.0 metric tons

Formation: Two Medicine Formation, USA / Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The 'highest near lizard'! Fossil nesting grounds with eggs and tiny embryos show these massive social mothers lovingly cared for their hatchlings in sprawling colonies."
Kritosaurus navajovius

(Holotype: AMNH 5799)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~73 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~8.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~3.0 metric tons

Formation: Kirtland Formation, USA "The classic 'chosen lizard' of the American Southwest! Featuring a distinctive, slightly arched nasal hump that gave it a uniquely proud facial profile."
Lambeosaurus magnicristatus

(Holotype: NMC 8705)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~9.0–15.0 m

Mass: ~3.5–5.8 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "That magnificent, axe-like hollow crest towering over its head is an engineering marvel! A true acoustic masterpiece of the Canadian badlands."
Maiasaura peeblesorum

(Holotype: PU 22405)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76.7 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~7.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~2.0–3.0 metric tons

Formation: Two Medicine Formation, USA "The 'good mother lizard'! Discovering 'Egg Mountain' revolutionized paleontology by proving dinosaurs fed and raised their babies in communal nesting grounds like modern birds."
Olorotitan arharensis

(Holotype: AEHM 2/845)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~72–66 Ma) Height: ~3.1 m

Length: ~8.0–12.0 m

Mass: ~3.5–4.5 metric tons

Formation: Yuliangze Formation, Russia / China "The giant swan of Asia! Its hollow crest was shaped like a broad, sweeping axe or fan, making it one of the most elegant and distinct lambeosaurines ever found."
Parasaurolophus walkeri

(Holotype: ROM 768)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76–73 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~9.5–10.0 m

Mass: ~2.5–3.5 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The trombone of the Cretaceous! That iconic six-foot-long back-swept tube allowed it to broadcast low-frequency foghorn calls across dense swamps."
Saurolophus osborni

(Holotype: AMNH 5220)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height: ~3.0 m

Length: ~9.0–12.0 m

Mass: ~3.0–4.2 metric tons

Formation: Edmonton Group / Nemegt Formation, Canada / Mongolia "Spiked lizard! Sporting a solid, backward-pointing bony spike on its head rather than a hollow tube. A trans-continental survivor bridging North America and Asia!"
Shantungosaurus giganteus

(Holotype: GMV H V1853)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~73–66 Ma) Height: ~5.0–6.0 m

Length: ~14.7–16.6 m

Mass: ~13.0–16.0 metric tons

Formation: Wangshi Group, China "The absolute heavyweight champion of the duck-bills! Growing as large as a small sauropod, proving that non-sauropod herbivores could reach colossal proportions."
Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus

(Holotype: IVPP V725)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~72–66 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~8.0–10.0 m

Mass: ~2.5–3.0 metric tons

Formation: Wangshi Group, China "The famous 'unicorn' duck-bill! Though early reconstructions mistakenly stuck a single vertical tube right on its nose like a unicorn horn, its crest is actually a forward-projecting ridge."

Pachycephalosauria Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Dracorex hogwartsia

(Holotype: TCM 2004.1.1)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~2.4–3.0 m

Mass: ~50–75 kg

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "Named after Hogwarts because its flat, spiked skull looks straight out of Harry Potter! Though some paleontologists think it's just a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus, those dragon horns are pure fantasy come to life."
Goyocephale lattimorei

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/1501)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~1.8 m

Mass: ~40 kg

Formation: Barun Goyot Formation, Mongolia "A sleek Mongolian dome-head with a flat, wedge-shaped skull roof and fenestrae! It shows how early pachycephalosaurs experimented with skull ornamentation."
Homalocephale calathocercos

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/1201)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~1.8–3.0 m

Mass: ~40–45 kg

Formation: Barun Goyot Formation, Mongolia "The 'even head'! Featuring a flat, heavily ossified skull table and an unusually wide, basket-like pelvis that hints it might have given birth to live young or large clutches."
Micropachycephalosaurus hongtuyanensis

(Holotype: IVPP V4688)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~83–70 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~5 kg

Formation: Wangshi Group, China "Winner of the longest dinosaur name award! Despite its grandiose title, it's known from very fragmentary remains, but it represents the tiny, twig-walking ancestors of the clade."
Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis

(Holotype: USNM 12031)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~4.5–4.5 m

Mass: ~300–450 kg

Formation: Hell Creek / Lance Formation, USA "The thick-headed king of the Cretaceous! With a solid bone dome ten inches thick on top of its skull, it likely engaged in dramatic flank-butting or head-shoving duels for dominance."
Prenocephale prenes

(Holotype: GI SPS 100/1001)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~2.4 m

Mass: ~60 kg

Formation: Nemegt Formation, Mongolia "Slender and smart, with a dome-shaped head optimized for high-speed visual displays and social sparring across the Asian floodplains."
Stegoceras validum

(Holotype: UALVP 2)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75–74 Ma) Height: ~0.7 m

Length: ~2.0–2.5 m

Mass: ~40–50 kg

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The classic Canadian dome-head! Its pear-shaped skull and serrated cheek teeth show it was browsing on tender fruits, seeds, and foliage."
Stygimoloch spinifer

(Holotype: UCMP 119684)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~66 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~3.0 m

Mass: ~80–100 kg

Formation: Hell Creek Formation, USA "Demon from the river Styx! Those long, intimidating horns ringing its domed skull made it look like a heavy-metal album cover brought to life."
Wannanosaurus yansiensis

(Holotype: IVPP V4731)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~0.6–1.0 m

Mass: ~2–3 kg

Formation: Xiaoyan Formation, China "One of the oldest and smallest known pachycephalosaurs from southern China, giving us clues into how these miniaturized dome-heads first evolved."

Ceratopsia Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Auroraceratops rugosus

(Holotype: Z LPM 1-0001)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~125–100 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.25–2.0 m

Mass: ~15–30 kg

Formation: Xiagou Formation, China "Named after the dawn and the Roman goddess Aurora! Its deeply textured, rugged snout bones show that early basal ceratopsians were already using facial displays."
Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi

(Holotype: ZPAL MgD-II/1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~80–70 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~22 kg

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia "A small, smooth-skulled desert dweller from the Gobi! It represents a charming little branch of the horned-dinosaur family tree before mega-frills took over."
Centrosaurus apertus

(Holotype: NMC 971)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76.5–75.5 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~6.0 m

Mass: ~2.3 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "That massive, forward-curving nose horn and the wicked, hook-like spikes radiating from its frill made it look like a walking crown of thorns!"
Chasmosaurus belli

(Holotype: NMC 491)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76–75 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~4.8–5.0 m

Mass: ~1.5–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "The wide-frilled beauty! Its elongated, heart-shaped frill was packed with large window-like openings, likely used for species recognition and sun-basking rather than defense."
Leptoceratops gracilis

(Holotype: NMC 8887)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~68–90 kg

Formation: Edmonton Group / Scollard Formation, Canada "A slender, toothless-beaked primitive ceratopsian that managed to stick around right until the very end of the Cretaceous period."
Lokiceratops rangiformis

(Holotype: MSM P43231)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~78 Ma) Height: ~2.2 m

Length: ~6.7 m

Mass: ~5.0 metric tons

Formation: Judith River Formation, USA "Named after the Norse god Loki! Featuring the most wildly asymmetric, blade-like horns and frill ornaments ever discovered on a horned dinosaur."
Microceratus gobiensis

(Holotype: PIN 3146/1)

Late Cretaceous (Santonian–Campanian, ~85–75 Ma) Height: ~0.2 m

Length: ~0.6 m

Mass: ~1–2 kg

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia "'Small horned face'! A tiny, agile herbivore scurrying through the prehistoric Gobi dunes like a scaled rabbit."
Montanoceratops cerorhynchus

(Holotype: AMNH 5462)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~70 Ma) Height: ~0.8 m

Length: ~2.5 m

Mass: ~90–170 kg

Formation: St. Mary River Formation, USA "Montana's very own horned oddity! Sporting a distinct, beak-like snout and a tiny nasal horn that hinted at the massive weaponry to come."
Nasutoceratops titusi

(Holotype: UMNH VP 16800)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~4.5–5.0 m

Mass: ~1.5 metric tons

Formation: Kaiparowits Formation, USA "Big-nosed horned face! Those insanely long, curved brow horns look straight out of a Texas longhorn steer, sweeping sideways to intimidate rivals."
Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai

(Holotype: TMP 89.132.1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~73.5 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~3.0–4.0 metric tons

Formation: Wapiti / Frenchman Formation, Canada / Hell Creek Formation, USA "Instead of a sharp horn on its nose, it grew a massive, bumpy bone boss! Perfect for head-to-head shoving matches in the ancient Arctic mists."
Pentaceratops sternbergii

(Holotype: AMNH 1625)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75–73 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~6.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~2.5–5.0 metric tons

Formation: Kirtland Formation, USA "Five-horned face! Well, technically two brow horns, two cheek horns, and a nose horn. It rocked one of the largest skull frills of any land animal in history."
Protoceratops hellenikorhinus

(Holotype: IMM 95BM1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75–71 Ma) Height: ~0.6 m

Length: ~1.8–2.0 m

Mass: ~80–180 kg

Formation: Bayan Mandahu Formation, China "The quintessential Gobi desert fossil! Famous for being found in pristine nesting grounds, cementing its legacy as a doting parent of the Cretaceous."
Psittacosaurus meileyingensis

(Holotype: IVPP V 7389)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~120–110 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~1.0–2.0 m

Mass: ~10–20 kg

Formation: Ejinhoro Formation, China "Parrot lizard! Complete with a high-curved beak, quill-like bristles on its tail, and gastroliths in its stomach to grind down tough ferns."
Sinoceratops zhuchengensis

(Holotype: ZCDM V0010)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~73 Ma) Height: ~2.5 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~2.0 metric tons

Formation: Wangshi Group, China "China's magnificent centrosaurine! The only known horned dinosaur of its specific branch found outside of North America, sporting a gorgeous array of forward-curving frill hooks."
Styracosaurus ovatus

(Holotype: USNM 11869)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~75 Ma) Height: ~1.8 m

Length: ~5.0–5.5 m

Mass: ~2.7 metric tons

Formation: Two Medicine Formation, USA "A brilliant cousin to the classic Canadian Styracosaurus, marching across the southern ranges of the North American inland sea with a bristling halo of spikes."
Torosaurus latus

(Holotype: YPM 1830)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~2.4 m

Length: ~7.6–9.0 m

Mass: ~4.0–6.0 metric tons

Formation: Hell Creek / Lance Formation, USA / Frenchman Formation, Canada "Bull lizard! Boasting the largest skull of any known land vertebrate ever—its frill alone could span over eight feet long!"
Triceratops horridus

(Holotype: USNM 4842)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~2.9–3.0 m

Length: ~8.0–9.0 m

Mass: ~6.0–12.0 metric tons

Formation: Hell Creek / Lance Formation, USA "The ultimate three-horned face! With a battery of hundreds of self-sharpening teeth and triple-spear headgear, it stood its ground against T. rex until the very end."

Stegosauria Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis

(Holotype: CV 0072)

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Kimonian, ~160–155 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~3.0–4.0 m

Mass: ~400–800 kg

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "A smaller, feisty Chinese stegosaur! Packing an unusually large array of paired tail spikes known as a thagomizer, perfect for close-quarters self-defense."
Dacentrurus armatus

(Holotype: BMNH R4601)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~154–150 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~7.0–8.0 m

Mass: ~5.0 metric tons

Formation: Kimmeridge Clay Formation, England "Europe's heavy armor! Instead of towering upright plates, it sported enormous, menacing spikes running all along its back and tail like a walking medieval fortress."
Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis

(Holotype: ZDM 0018)

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian, ~160 Ma) Height: ~1.4 m

Length: ~4.2 m

Mass: ~700 kg

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "Look at those ridiculously enlarged, wing-like shoulder spines! They stuck straight out from its scapulae, making it one of the most uniquely spiky dinosaurs in Sichuan."
Huayangosaurus taibaii

(Holotype: IVPP V.6728)

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian, ~165 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~4.5 m

Mass: ~300–500 kg

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "A foundational primitive stegosaur! It even retained premaxillary teeth in its upper jaw—something its later, more specialized cousins completely lost over time."
Kentrosaurus aethiopicus

(Holotype: MB.R.1930)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, ~152 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~4.5–5.0 m

Mass: ~1.0–1.5 metric tons

Formation: Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania "The African spiked slider! With flat plates across its neck and long, dagger-like spikes trailing all the way down its tail and hips. A true architectural marvel of Tanzania."
Stegosaurus stenops

(Holotype: USNM 4934)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~155–150 Ma) Height: ~5.75 m

Length: ~8.5–10.5 m

Mass: ~2.6–4.7 metric tons

Formation: Morrison Formation, USA "The ultimate roofed lizard! Those alternating double rows of bony plates on its back acted as thermal radiators and dazzling display structures against hungry Morrison allosaurs."
Tuojiangosaurus multispinus

(Holotype: CV V205)

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian, ~155 Ma) Height: ~2.0 m

Length: ~6.5–7.0 m

Mass: ~1.5–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Shaximiao Formation, China "Asia's classic multi-spined stegosaur! Featuring narrow, pear-shaped back plates and a powerful tail thagomizer that kept local carnivores guessing."

Ankylosauria Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Ankylosaurus magniventris

(Holotype: AMNH 5895)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Height: ~3.7 m

Length: ~6.25–11.0 m

Mass: ~4.8–8.0 metric tons

Formation: Hell Creek / Lance Formation, USA / Scollard Formation, Canada "The fused lizard with the great belly! Packing a massive bony club on its tail that could shatter a T. rex's shin bone with a single swing. The ultimate tank of the Cretaceous!"
Euoplocephalus tutus

(Holotype: NMC 0210)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~76.5–67 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~2.0–2.5 metric tons

Formation: Dinosaur Park Formation, Canada "Well-armored and completely protected! Even its eyelids were covered in bony armor plates. When predators closed in, it dropped flat and became an unbiteable boulder."
Minmi paravertebra

(Holotype: QM F10329)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~120–110 Ma) Height: ~0.4 m

Length: ~2.0–3.0 m

Mass: ~300 kg

Formation: Bungil Formation, Australia "Australia's adorable little armored road-roller! Featuring horizontal bony rods along its spine that gave it unique spinal rigidity against local predators."
Nodosaurus textilis

(Holotype: YPM 1815)

Early Cretaceous (Albian, ~105–100 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~5.5–6.0 m

Mass: ~1.5–3.0 metric tons

Formation: Dakota / Mowry Shale Formation, USA "The classic knot-lizard! Lacking a tail club, it relied instead on dense rows of interlocking osteoderms and menacing shoulder spikes for formidable defense."
Pinacosaurus grangeri

(Holotype: AMNH 6523)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80–75 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~4.5–5.0 m

Mass: ~1.0–1.9 metric tons

Formation: Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia / China "Plank lizard of the Gobi! Famous for fossilized juvenile bonebeds that suggest these armored youngsters huddled together during desert dust storms."
Polacanthus foxii

(Holotype: BMNH R175)

Early Cretaceous (Barremian, ~130–125 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~4.0–5.0 m

Mass: ~1.0–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Wessex Formation, England "A stunning British nodosaurid! Sporting a massive, heavy sacral shield over its hips and curved lateral spikes that made it a prickly hazard for European predators."
Sauropelta edwardsorum

(Holotype: AMNH 3032)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian, ~115–110 Ma) Height: ~1.5 m

Length: ~5.0–7.6 m

Mass: ~1.5–2.0 metric tons

Formation: Cloverly Formation, USA "Look at those colossal, curved neck spikes sticking out like horns! This early North American nodosaurid was built to withstand the sharpest teeth of the Early Cretaceous."
Scelidosaurus harrisonii

(Holotype: BMNH R1111)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~193 Ma) Height: ~1.0 m

Length: ~4.0 m

Mass: ~250–450 kg

Formation: Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England "The limb-lizard pioneer! One of the earliest and most complete armored dinosaurs ever discovered, bridging the gap between primitive ornithischians and full thyreophorans."
Scutellosaurus lawleri

(Holotype: MNA V175)

Early Jurassic (Hettangian, ~196 Ma) Height: ~0.3 m

Length: ~1.2 m

Mass: ~3–10 kg

Formation: Kayenta Formation, USA "Little shield lizard! A tiny, long-tailed bipedal precursor covered in hundreds of small osteoderms, showing how armoring started on a miniature scale."
Talarurus plicatospineus

(Holotype: PIN 3780-1)

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Santonian, ~89–83 Ma) Height: ~1.2 m

Length: ~5.0–6.0 m

Mass: ~1.5 metric tons

Formation: Bayan Shireh Formation, Mongolia "Basket-tail! Named for its complex woven network of bony tail reinforcement plates and a sturdy terminal club for swinging at unruly predators."

Pterosauria Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Wingspan / Hip Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Anurognathus ammoni

(Holotype: BSP 1922 I 42)

Late Jurassic (Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Wingspan: ~0.35 m

Length: ~0.09 m

Mass: ~20–40 g

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "The tiny, frog-mouthed aerial hunter! With a short skull and wide gape, it swooped through Jurassic forests snapping up insects like a prehistoric bat."
Dimorphodon macronyx

(Holotype: BMNH R1034)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~195–190 Ma) Wingspan: ~1.4 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~1.5–2.0 kg

Formation: Blue Lias / Lower Lias, England "Two forms of teeth! Featuring a massive, deep skull and a long, stiffened tail balanced with a terminal vane like an arrow feather."
Eudimorphodon ranzii

(Holotype: MCSN 1770)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~215 Ma) Wingspan: ~1.0 m

Length: ~0.65 m

Mass: ~150 g

Formation: Zorzino Limestone, Italy "One of the oldest and most tooth-packed pterosaurs known! Those multi-cusped teeth were wicked little fish-traps over ancient Alpine lagoons."
Rhamphorhynchus etchesi (or R. muensteri)

(Specimen: BMNH 37002)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Wingspan: ~1.0–1.8 m

Length: ~1.26 m

Mass: ~400–800 g

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "The quintessential long-tailed flyer! That stiff rudder at the end of its tail kept it perfectly balanced during high-speed banking turns over Jurassic archipelagos."
Scaphognathus crassirostris

(Holotype: BSP AS VII 648)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Wingspan: ~0.9 m

Length: ~0.6 m

Mass: ~300 g

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "Thick-jawed snout! Its blunt, rounded skull profile gave it a very different bite compared to its needle-toothed Rhamphorhynchoid cousins."
Arthurdactylus conandoylei

(Holotype: CPV 296)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~115 Ma) Wingspan: ~4.6 m

Length: ~2.1 m

Mass: ~10 kg

Formation: Romualdo Formation, Brazil "Named after Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his Lost World! A gorgeous Brazilian ornithocheiroid with massive wing bones sweeping across the skies."
Caiuajara dobruskii

(Holotype: CP-V 1001)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian, ~90 Ma) Wingspan: ~0.65–2.35 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~2.0 kg

Formation: Goioerê Formation, Brazil "Discovered in a massive fossil bonebed containing dozens of individuals! Proving that these tapejarids lived, nested, and flew in large, social colonial flocks."
Cearadactylus atrox

(Holotype: MN 5004-V)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~112 Ma) Wingspan: ~4.0 m

Length: ~1.5 m

Mass: ~6.0 kg

Formation: Romualdo Formation, Brazil "Fierce jaws from Ceará! Its interlocking, rosette-tipped teeth were custom-built to grip slippery fish swimming through tropical Cretaceous seas."
Ctenochasma elegans

(Holotype: BSP AS I 1045)

Late Jurassic (Tithonian, ~150 Ma) Wingspan: ~0.25–0.4 m

Length: ~0.3 m

Mass: ~40 g

Formation: Solnhofen Limestone, Germany "The comb-jawed filter feeder! Lined with hundreds of hair-thin, needle-like teeth that strained tiny crustaceans out of shallow Jurassic waters like a living sieve."
Dsungaripterus weii

(Holotype: IVPP V.277)

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian–Aptian, ~130–112 Ma) Wingspan: ~3.0–3.5 m

Length: ~1.9 m

Mass: ~9.0–13 kg

Formation: Tugulu Group, China "An armored-skulled shell-cracker! With a low, bony crest and flat, peg-like back teeth designed for crushing hard-shelled clams and crabs along inland lake basins."
Ornithocheirus simus

(Holotype: NHMUK 35412)

Early Cretaceous (Albian, ~110 Ma) Wingspan: ~5.0 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~15 kg

Formation: Cambridge Greensand, England "The bird-hand of England! Famous for its distinctive, keel-like expansion on the tip of its upper snout used to slice through water spray during low-altitude fishing."
Pteranodon sternbergi

(Holotype: FHSM VP 403)

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Santonian, ~85 Ma) Wingspan: ~4.0–7.2 m

Length: ~1.8 m

Mass: ~20–30 kg

Formation: Niobrara Formation, USA "The iconic soaring glider of the Western Interior Seaway! That sweeping upright crest served as an aerodynamic rudder while cruising over prehistoric waves."
Pterodaustro guinazui

(Holotype: PVL 2571)

Early Cretaceous (Albian, ~105 Ma) Wingspan: ~2.5 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~2.0–3.0 kg

Formation: La Amarga / Lagarcito Formation, Argentina "Look at those upward-curving bristle teeth on its lower jaw! It skimmed the water like a giant prehistoric flamingo, filtering microscopic organisms."
Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni

(Holotype: TMM 41961-1)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~68–66 Ma) Wingspan: ~5.0–25.5 m

Length: ~3.0–14.0 m

Mass: ~65–850,000 kg

Formation: Javelina Formation, USA "The smaller cousin of the giant apex sky-lord! Even at 83 feet across, it stalked Cretaceous floodplains on stilt-like legs hunting small prey like a giant stork."
Tapejara wellnhoferi

(Holotype: BSP 1993 I 3)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~115–110 Ma) Wingspan: ~1.5–2.5 m

Length: ~0.8 m

Mass: ~3.0 kg

Formation: Romualdo Formation, Brazil "The parrot-beaked navigator! Sporting a massive, semi-circular bony and soft-tissue sagittal crest that made its head look remarkably like an exotic tropical bird."
Tropeognathus mesembrinus

(Holotype: BSP 1987 I 47)

Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ~112 Ma) Wingspan: ~8.2 m

Length: ~3.0 m

Mass: ~35–50 kg

Formation: Romualdo Formation, Brazil "Keel-jawed titan of the southern seas! With massive semi-circular crests on the top and bottom of its snout to minimize hydrodynamic drag while dipping for fish."

Marine Reptiles & Prehistoric Megafauna Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Flippers / Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Mesosaurus tenuidens

(Holotype: MNHN 1900-1)

Early Permian (Artinskian, ~290–275 Ma) Height / Width: ~0.1 m

Length: ~1.0 m

Mass: ~3–5 kg

Formation: Irati Formation, Brazil / Whitehill Formation, South Africa "A tiny, slender pioneer of the aquatic realm! Its long, needle-filled snout acted like a fine-toothed comb to strain tiny swimming crustaceans in inland Permian lakes."
Nothosaurus giganteus

(Holotype: SMNS 5932)

Middle Triassic (Anisian–Ladinian, ~240–230 Ma) Height / Width: ~0.8 m

Length: ~4.0–5.2 m

Mass: ~200–500 kg

Formation: Muschelkalk, Germany / Grenzbitumen Zone, Switzerland "The ultimate semi-aquatic ambush predator! With webbed feet and interlocking needle teeth, it hunted like a prehistoric seal along the margins of the Tethys Sea."
Eurhinosaurus huenei

(Holotype: GPIM 1324)

Early Jurassic (Toarcian, ~182–175 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.5 m

Length: ~6.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~1.0 metric ton

Formation: Posidonia Shale, Germany "Look at that bizarre, exaggerated upper bill! It was twice as long as the lower jaw and lined with teeth, used to slash through schools of ancient squid and fish."
Ichthyosaurus conybeari

(Holotype: BMNH 2149)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, ~199–189 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.0 m

Length: ~2.0 m

Mass: ~90–100 kg

Formation: Blue Lias Formation, England "The classic 'fish lizard'! Streamlined like a dolphin with giant, dinner-plate eyes that peered into the dark, murky depths of the Early Jurassic seas."
Ophthalmosaurus icenicus

(Holotype: CAMSM J35160)

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, ~165–150 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.2 m

Length: ~4.0–6.0 m

Mass: ~900–1,000 kg

Formation: Oxford Clay / Kimmeridge Clay, England "Eye lizard supreme! Those massive, scleral-ringed eyes were larger than dinner plates, built for deep-diving hunts in total darkness after squids and cephalopods."
Shonisaurus popularis

(Holotype: USNM 21103)

Late Triassic (Norian, ~210 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.0 m

Length: ~15.0 m

Mass: ~30.0 metric tons

Formation: Luning Formation, Nevada, USA "Nevada's colossal Triassic leviathan! One of the very first giant ichthyosaurs, moving through ancient deep waters with massive, whale-like grace."
Attenborosaurus conybeari

(Holotype: BMNH R1338)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~195 Ma) Height / Width: ~2.0 m

Length: ~5.0 m

Mass: ~500 kg

Formation: Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England "Named after the legendary Sir David Attenborough! A stunning, short-necked plesiosaur with beautifully preserved skin impressions found in the UK."
Cryptoclidus richardsoni

(Holotype: CAMSM J.46988)

Late Jurassic (Callovian, ~165–160 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.5 m

Length: ~3.0–4.0 m

Mass: ~800 kg

Formation: Oxford Clay Formation, England "Hidden clavicle! Featuring a flexible, slender neck and a mouth full of interlocking teeth designed to sweep through the sea floor scooping up soft prey."
Dolichorhynchops herschelensis

(Holotype: TMP 89.36.1)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80–75 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.2 m

Length: ~3.0–3.5 m

Mass: ~300–400 kg

Formation: Bearpaw Formation, Canada / Niobrara, USA "Long-nosed face! A nimble, short-necked polycotylid pliosaur that zoomed through the Western Interior Seaway snapping up fast fish."
Elasmosaurus platyurus

(Holotype: ANSP 10081)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80.5 Ma) Height / Width: ~2.5 m

Length: ~10.3–14.0 m

Mass: ~2.0–3.0 metric tons

Formation: Pierre Shale, USA "Neck-lizard extraordinaire! With over 70 vertebrae making up half its total length, its body was essentially a floating submarine beneath that snake-like neck."
Kronosaurus queenslandicus

(Holotype: QMF 1819)

Early Cretaceous (Albian, ~120–100 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.0 m

Length: ~9.0–10.5 m

Mass: ~10.6–12.0 metric tons

Formation: Wallumbilla Formation / Toolebuc Formation, Australia "Named after Kronos the Titan! Boasting a skull over nine feet long packed with banana-sized teeth capable of crushing any marine rival in the Australian inland seas."
Liopleurodon ferox

(Holotype: Specimen lost; neotype OUMNH J.27245)

Late Jurassic (Callovian–Kimmeridgian, ~160–155 Ma) Height / Width: ~2.5 m

Length: ~5.0–7.0 m

Mass: ~1.0–1.7 metric tons

Formation: Oxford Clay Formation, England / France "Smooth-sided teeth! The apex terror of the Jurassic Oxfordian seas, sweeping its massive flippers to ambush prey with terrifying speed."
Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus

(Holotype: NHMUK R1336)

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ~199–190 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.5 m

Length: ~3.5 m

Mass: ~450 kg

Formation: Blue Lias Formation, England "The classic fossil that started the plesiosaur craze! Mary Anning found specimens that showed the world how these four-flippered swimmers navigated ancient waters."
Trinacromerum kirki

(Holotype: NMC 1494)

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian, ~95–90 Ma) Height / Width: ~1.2 m

Length: ~3.0 m

Mass: ~250 kg

Formation: Carlile Shale / Dakota Formation, USA "Three-pointed femur! A sleek, torpedo-bodied pliosaur built for fast acceleration while chasing schools of ancient fish."
Clidastes propython

(Holotype: YPM 1297)

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Campanian, ~87–82 Ma) Height / Width: ~0.6 m

Length: ~2.0–4.0 m

Mass: ~50–100 kg

Formation: Niobrara Formation, USA "The smallest and most slender mosasaur! It slithered through coastal shallows like an aquatic monitor lizard, hunting fish with lightning speed."
Jormungandr walhallaensis

(Holotype: UND 11129)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian, ~80 Ma) Height / Width: ~0.8 m

Length: ~7.0 m

Mass: ~800 kg

Formation: Pembina Member / Pierre Shale, USA "Named after the Midgard serpent from Norse mythology! A transitionary mosasaur showing key evolutionary links between smaller and giant forms."
Megalania priscus (Varanus priscus)

(Syntype specimens)

Pleistocene (Early–Late Pleistocene, ~1.5 Ma – 50,000 years ago) Height / Width: ~1.0 m

Length: ~5.5–7.0 m

Mass: ~500–1,940 kg

Formation: Pleistocene Alluvial Deposits, Australia "The giant Australian land monitor! While not strictly marine, this colossal terrestrial apex predator ruled the Outback rivers and billabongs alongside early humans."
Mosasaurus beaugei

(Specimen specimens from phosphates)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.0 m

Length: ~12.0–15.0 m

Mass: ~14.0 metric tons

Formation: Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco "The Moroccan ocean lord! A massive, heavy-skulled apex mosasaur that ruled the shallow phosphate seas of North Africa right up to the end of the Cretaceous."
Tylosaurus bernardi

(Holotype: IRSNB R22)

Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian, ~85–66 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.0 m

Length: ~12.0–14.0 m

Mass: ~10.0–12.0 metric tons

Formation: Niobrara / Pierre Shale, USA / Smoky Hill Chalk "The battering ram of the Western Interior Seaway! Sporting an elongated, bone-reinforced snout used to ram and stun rival marine reptiles before devouring them."
Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus

(Holotype: CMNH specimens)

Late Devonian (Frasnian–Famennian, ~380–358 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.2 m

Length: ~4.0–14.0 m

Mass: ~30.0 metric tons

Formation: Cleveland Shale / Ohio Shale, USA "The armored terror of the Devonian! Instead of teeth, it possessed self-sharpening bony jaw plates that could slice through shark armor like paper."
Otodus megalodon

(Syntype dental specimens)

Miocene–Pliocene (Burdigalian–Piacenzian, ~23–3.6 Ma) Height / Width: ~3.5 m (fin height)

Length: ~15.0–20.0 m

Mass: ~50.0–60.0 metric tons

Formation: Global marine deposits (Calvert Cliffs, USA; Gatun Formation, Panama) "The undisputed megatooth superstar of the prehistoric oceans! A colossal, whale-hunting shark that dominated the global seas before fading into extinction."

Synapsids & Prehistoric Mammals Scientific Catalog

Taxon & Specimen Age & Time Period Dimensions (Height, Length, Mass) Location Formation Teodora Villavicencio's Comments (Legend Quest: Master of Myth) (VO: Annemarie Blanco)
Dimetrodon grandis

(Holotype: MCZ 1351)

Early Permian (Cisuralian, ~298–272 Ma) Height / Sail: ~1.0–1.7 m

Length: ~3.2–3.5 m

Mass: ~110–250 kg

Formation: Clear Fork / Arroyo Formation, USA "Not a dinosaur! This magnificent sail-backed synapsid is actually more closely related to you and me than to T. rex. That giant neural-spine sail was likely used for thermoregulation and visual displays!"
Bulbasaurus phylloxyron

(Holotype: BP/1/7454)

Late Permian (Lopingian, ~255 Ma) Height: ~0.25 m

Length: ~0.6–1.0 m

Mass: ~10–15 kg

Formation: Teekloof Formation / Beaufort Group, South Africa "Named after the Pokémon Bulbasaur because of its bulbous, leaf-cutting snout! A charming little dicynodont with tusk-like premaxillae that browsed on late Permian foliage."
Lystrosaurus curvatus

(Holotype: AMNH 5556)

Late Permian to Early Triassic (~252–247 Ma) Height: ~0.3–0.4 m

Length: ~0.6–1.2 m

Mass: ~10–40 kg

Formation: Fremouw Formation, Antarctica / Beaufort Group, South Africa "The ultimate survivor of the End-Permian extinction! This barrel-chested, shovel-beaked dicynodont made up over 90 percent of all land vertebrate fossils in some Triassic layers."
Alphadon halleyi

(Holotype: UCMP 50570)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, ~70–66 Ma) Height / Width: ~0.05 m

Length: ~0.15–0.2 m

Mass: ~50–100 g

Formation: Hell Creek / Lance Formation, USA "A tiny, shrew-like metatherian mammal scurrying underfoot while Triceratops and T. rex walked the earth! Proving that our furry mammalian ancestors were right there in the shadow of the dinosaurs."

References


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