16th millennium BC
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| Centuries: |
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| The Stone Age |
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| ↑ before Homo (Pliocene) |
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| ↓ Chalcolithic |
The 16th millennium BC spanned the years 16,000 BC to 15,001 BC (c. 18 ka to c. 17 ka). This millennium is during the Upper Paleolithic period. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened during this millennium, and all dates associated with this millennium are estimates mostly based on geological analysis, anthropological analysis, and radiometric dating.
Geology
Ein Aqev East correlates with Ein Aqev's Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian assemblage which has a radiocarbon 5-day sequence indicating occupation in this millennium.[1]
Human culture
The techno-economic developments that impacted human communities in Western Europe during this millennium point to a profound reformulation of social relations that, as a result of a strong cultural acceleration process, resulted in the rise of Magdalenian features.[2] Jebel Sahaba, a prehistoric battle site, dates to the 17-12th millennium BC.[3] According to the archaeological record, North Africa was peopled around this millennium by a late Paleolithic culture, Iberomaurusian.[4] During the beginning of this millennium, Minoan and Mycenaean colonization of the Anatolian west and southwest coasts began shortly after.[5] From the 17th to the 9th millennium BC, no surface pressure flaking technology is known to have existed in Europe.[6] Ancient paintings from the 16th millennium BC are the earliest examples of well-preserved ancient art, and they have been discovered in caves in Southern France, Spain, and South Africa.[7][8]
Notes
- ↑ Nigel & Morris 1980, p. 31.
- ↑ Angevin & Surmely 2013, p. 57.
- ↑ Crevecoeur & Dias-Meirinho 2021.
- ↑ Arnaiz-Villena, Martínez-Laso & Gómez-Casado 2000, p. 65.
- ↑ Ottoni, Ricaut & Vanderheyden 2011, p. 571-576.
- ↑ Desrosiers 2012, p. 269.
- ↑ El-Shawish, El-Atrash & Bader 2015, p. 2.
- ↑ Volschenk 2015, p. 21.
Bibliography
Books
- Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Martínez-Laso, Jorge; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo (31 January 2000). "4". Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 65. ISBN 9780306463648. Retrieved 17 March 2023. Search this book on
- Desrosiers, Pierre M. (13 March 2012). The Emergence of Pressure Blade Making: from Origin to Modern Experimentation. Springer New York. p. 269. ISBN 9781461420033. Retrieved 25 May 2023. Search this book on
Journals
- Angevin, Raphaël; Surmely, Frédéric (10 January 2013). "Le Magdalénien Moyen Et La Trajectoire Historique Des Sociétés Du Xvie Millénaire av. J-C En France Centrale". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (1): 57. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.008. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- Nigel, Adrian; Morris, Goring (June 1980). "Late Quaternary Sites in Wadi Fazael, Lower Jordan Valley". Wadi Fazael MA Thesis. Hebrew University of Jerusalem: 31. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène; Zazzo, Antoine; Antoine, Daniel; Bon, François (2021). "New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 9991. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89386-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8159958 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34045477 Check|pmid=value (help). - Ottoni, Claudio; Ricaut, François-X; Vanderheyden, Nancy; Brucato, Nicolas; Waelkens, Marc; Decorte, Ronny (23 January 2011). "Mitochondrial Analysis of a Byzantine Population Reveals the Differential Impact of Multiple Historical Events in South Anatolia" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (5): 571–576. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.230. PMC 3083616. PMID 21224890. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
Conference reports
- El-Shawish, Afia; El-Atrash, Satea; Bader, Nabil (2015). Determination of Some Trace Elements in White Oil Based Paints and Pigments (PDF). History of paints. University of Benghazi Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry. p. 2. Retrieved 8 June 2023 – via repository.uob.edu.ly.
- Volschenk, Mercia (March 2015). Characterisation and Development of Antifouling Coatings for Metal Surfaces in Aquatic Environments (PDF). Historical background of antifouling coatings. Stellenbosch University. p. 21. Retrieved 9 June 2023 – via core.ac.uk.
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