Acid jazz
 |
| Acid jazz | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | 1980s, United Kingdom |
| Derivative forms | |
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Acid jazz, also known as club jazz, is a music genre that combines elements of funk, soul, hip hop, as well as jazz and disco.[1][2] Acid jazz originated in clubs in London during the 1980s with the rare groove movement and spread to the United States, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Acts included the Brand New Heavies, D'Influence, Incognito, Us3, and Jamiroquai from the UK and Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the U.S. The rise of electronic club music in the middle to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are seen as jazz-funk, neo soul, or jazz rap.
Characteristics[edit]
The genre's name was coined by Gilles Peterson, and the label was started by Bangs, Eddie Piller, and Gilles.[3][4] The name refers to the acid house genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.[5]
Acid jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records by disc jockeys and music producers who added percussion and electronic dance beats to jazz tracks from the 1960s and 1970s.[6] The second movement included groups who were influenced by these recordings and who emphasized a groove.[5] Acid jazz borrowed from jazz, funk, and hip-hop. Because it relies heavily on percussion and live performance, it is sometimes associated with jazz, but its emphasis on groove aligns it more with funk, hip hop, and dance music.[7] The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Acid jazz bands usually include horns, a rhythm section (drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist who may sing or rap, and a DJ.[8]
Acid jazz in America[edit]
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Acid jazz spread to the United States in the early 1990s.[4] It reached New York City in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein and his South African partner Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the Giant Step club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in Union Square. Groove Academy turned into a record label and media company.[9] Acid jazz musician in New York City included Brooklyn Funk Essentials, DJ Smash, and Jerome Van Rossum. In San Francisco acid jazz was released by Ubiquity Records,[4] by Solsonics in Los Angeles, and The Greyboy Allstars in San Diego.[10]
A Tribe Called Quest borrowed from jazz for their album The Low End Theory (1991).[6] Under the name Buckshot LeFonque, Branford Marsalis and Digable Planets won a Grammy Award for the 1993 single "Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)".[11]
Formed in New York in 1990, Groove Collective produced their self-titled debut in 1993.[5] The rapper Guru released a series of albums recorded with jazz musicians as the Jazzmatazz series.[6]
Stemming from Chicago in 1993, Liquid Soul achieved a national profile in 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released by Ark21.[12] In 2000 their album Here's the Deal was nominated in the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album category.[13]
Around the world[edit]
Acid jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.[6] From Japan, United Future Organization gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.[14] Other acts from Japan included Mondo Grosso,[7] and Gota Yashiki[15] Skalpel came from Poland.[16]
Decline[edit]
The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest in acid jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.[4] In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz funk, neo soul or jazz rap.[5]
Q magazine stated "Acid jazz was the most significant jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".[17] One major legacy of the genre was its influence on the jam band movement, with acid jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as Medeski, Martin and Wood[5] and The Greyboy Allstars.[18]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin. p. 2. ISBN 0-141-00646-3. Search this book on
- ↑ "Acid jazz (genre)". Grove Music Online. 2001. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.53045. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ↑ Adams, Simon (2002). Kernfeld, Barry, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz (2 ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-56159-284-5. Search this book on
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBush2001 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Price, E.G.; Kernodle, T.L., eds. (2011). Encyclopedia of African American Music. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 479–482. ISBN 978-0-313-34199-1. Search this book on
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Gioia, Ted (2011). The History of Jazz (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 333–334. ISBN 978-0-19-983187-6. Search this book on
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Acid Jazz Music Genre Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- ↑ Berry, Mick; Gianni, Jason (2004). The Drummer's Bible. Tucson, Arizona: See Sharp Press. p. 68. ISBN 1-884365-32-9. Search this book on
- ↑ Cooke, Mervyn; Horn, David, eds. (2002). The Cambridge Companion to Jazz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-521-66388-1. Search this book on
- ↑ "Greyboy Allstars | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
- ↑ Martin, Henry; Waters, Keith (2011). Jazz: The First 100 Years (3 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-133-16927-7. Search this book on
- ↑ Ankeny, Jason. "Liquid Soul". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- ↑ "Liquid Soul". GRAMMY.com. 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
- ↑ J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), ISBN 0-87930-628-9 Search this book on ., p. 536.
- ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Gota". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- ↑ Larkin, C. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Vol. 7 (4 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 503. ISBN 0-19-531373-9. Search this book on
- ↑ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 1-904041-96-5. Search this book on
- ↑ Bush, John. "Greyboy Allstars". AllMusic. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
