ArcadeDB
 | |
| Developer(s) | Arcade Data Ltd |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 2021 |
| Stable release | 26.7.2
/ July 9, 2026[1] |
| Written in | Java[2] |
| Engine | |
| Type | Document-oriented database, Graph database, Key–value database, Multi-model database |
| License | Apache 2 License |
| Website | arcadedb |
Search ArcadeDB on Amazon.
ArcadeDB is an open-source multi-model database supporting document model, graph model, and key-value model. Due to its non-relational nature, this is a NoSQL database. ArcadeDB runs on the Java platform and is written in Java, particularly only using Java's low-level API for performance reasons. Originally, this project started as a fork of OrientDB.[3] The development is driven by the community conducted on the github platform. ArcadeDB is listed in the DB engines ranking[4] and in Carnegie Mellon's Database of Databases.[5]
Multi-Model
ArcadeDB is a record-based[6] multi-model DBMS, providing the models:
- Key-Value Model: A record is a pair of a unique key and a data value.
- Document Model: A record is a sets of key-value pairs.
- Graph Model: A record is either a vertex document or an edge document.
These models are nested in the sense that a vertex or edge is a special kind of augmented document, and a document consists of key-value pairs. As each record has a database-wide unique key, a so-called record identifier, ArcadeDB can be used as key-value store[7] In addition, vertex, edge or document properties can be (indexed) vectors and thus providing vector embedding database functionality (Vector Model).
| Relational Database | Key-Value Database | Document Database | Graph Database | ArcadeDB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Table | Bucket | Collection | Type | Bucket and Type |
| Row | Pair | Document | Vertex | Vertex or Document |
| Column | Pair | Example | Property (of Document, Vertex, or Edge) | |
| Relation | Edge | Edge or Relationship |
where:
- Types are an optional, partial schema of a document, vertex or edge.
- Buckets are containers for documents, vertices or edges of a certain type.
Furthermore, a time series model model[8] is available.
Features
- Schema-full, Schema-less, and hybrid/mixed mode
- ACID compliant
- Interfaces: HTTP/REST, Java, JDBC, MQL, Redis, PostgreSQL,
- Supported data query languages: SQL (dialect), Cypher,[9] Gremlin,[10] GraphQL, MQL
- Importable formats: OrientDB, Neo4j, XML, JSON, CSV, RDF
- High availability via replication
- Consistency via raft consensus algorithm
- Container support via Docker / Podman and Kubernetes
- Studio web user interface
Native Query Language
The native query language of ArcadeDB is a dialect of SQL, which is closely related to OrientDB's OSQL, and extends a subset SQL with functionality for documents, vertices, edges, buckets, types, and properties.
Indexing
ArcadeDB provides an LSM tree index in six variants:
- unique
- not-unique
- unique hash
- not-unique hash
- full-text
- geospatial
each of these indexes can be applies to scalar properties, maps (objects), and lists (arrays). Furthermore, a vector index is available for vector embeddings.
Programming Language Support (Drivers)
ArcadeDB natively includes support for Java. The community provides support for .NET, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, TypeScript, and Chicken Scheme. Generally, the HTTP API endpoint interface allows connectors, drivers, or clients in most programming languages.
Tooling
ArcadeDB provides a terminal client (console) for interacting with the database server and also a web interface (studio) for database management tasks, as well as queries and commands in all supported query languages and inspect query results in tabular text, raw JSON, or Graph rendering.
Usage
ArcadeDB has been tested in the context of scientific investigations of graph databases in [11][12][13][14][15] .
Versions
History
- 2021-09-01 Initial Release of ArcadeDB.
Name
The name ArcadeDB refers to the underlying business model of only R&D and word of mouth, and no dedicated sales team.[16]
See also
- OrientDB
- Multi-model database
- Comparison of multi-model databases
- Key-Value database
- Document database
- Graph database
- Time series database
- Vector database
References
- ↑ "Releases · ArcadeData/arcadedb". GitHub. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
- ↑ "ArcadeDB Repository". GitHub.
- ↑ "Google Groups | Welcome to ArcadeDB, the new official fork of OrientDB!". groups.google.com. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ↑ "ArcadeDB System Properties". db-engines.com. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ↑ "ArcadeDB". Database of Databases. 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ↑ Coimbra, M.; Svitáková, L.; Francisco, A.; Veiga, L. (June 2025). "Survey: Graph Databases". arXiv:2505.24758 [cs.DB].
- ↑ Vagner, Aniko (October 2025). "Logical Data Model for Key-Value Databases?". Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 1444. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6932-5_25.
- ↑ Ammar, M.; Hofer, M.; Rahm, E. (January 2026). "Survey: Combining Time-Series and Graph Data: A Survey of Existing Systems and Approaches". arXiv:2601.00304 [cs.DB].
- ↑ "Usage of Cypher". opencypher.org. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ↑ "Data System Providers, an open source framework for graph computing". tinkerpop.apache.org. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ↑ Zheng, Y.; Duo, W.; Wang, Y.; Qin, Z.; Tang, L.; Gao, Y.; Wang, D.; Wang, W.; Wei, J. (July 2022). "Finding bugs in Gremlin-based graph database systems via Randomized differential testing". Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. pp. 302–313. doi:10.1145/3533767.3534409. ISBN 978-1-4503-9379-9. Search this book on
- ↑ Zhuang, Z.; Li, P.; Ma, P.; Meng, W.; Wang, S. (March 2024). "Testing Graph Database Systems via Graph-Aware Metamorphic Relations". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment. 17 (4): 836–848. doi:10.14778/3636218.3636236.
- ↑
Zheng, Y.; Dou, W.; Tang, L.; Cui, Z.; Song, J.; Cheng, Z. (August 2024). "Differential Optimization Testing of Gremlin-Based Graph Database Systems". 2024 IEEE Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST). pp. 25–36. doi:10.1109/ICST60714.2024.00012. ISBN 979-8-3503-0818-1. Search this book on
- ↑ Zheng, Y.; Dou, W.; Tang, L.; Cui, Z.; Gao, Y.; Song, S.; Xu, L.; Zhu, J.; Wang, W.; Zhong, H.; Huang, T. (September 2024). "Testing Gremlin-Based Graph Database Systems via Query Disassembling". ISSTA 2024: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis: 1695–1707. doi:10.1145/3650212.36803 (inactive 6 November 2025).
- ↑ Marco Brandizi, Carlos Bobed, Luca Garulli, Arné de Klerk, Keywan Hassani-Pak Brandizi, M.; Boped, C.; Garulli, L.; de Klerk, A.; Hassani-Pak, K. (May 2025). "Managing FAIR Knowledge Graphs as Polyglot Data End Points: A Benchmark based on the rdf2pg Framework and Plant Biology Data". arXiv:2505.17498 [cs.DB].
- ↑ "Welcome to ArcadeDB: Play with Data". blog.arcadedb.com. September 2021. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
External links
Category:Free database management systems Category:Document-oriented databases Category:Distributed computing architecture Category:Key-value databases Category:Structured storage Category:NoSQL Category:Graph databases Category:Database-related software for Linux
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