Archimat
An archimat (acronym for ‘architectured material’) is a material architectured from other materials defining its properties by virtue of their geometry and mutual arrangement. This definition, which embraces both natural and engineered, man-made materials, has found its entrance in the mainstream materials science.[1].
Material-structure duality[edit]
According to this definition, an archimat is both a material, i.e. something things are made from, and a structure made from other materials. The latter may differ in their chemical composition and/or microstructure. For example, an archimat can be composed from a coarse-grained and a fine-grained phase with the same chemical composition [2]. Empty space can also be regarded as a constituent ‘material’ of an archimat, as is the case with foams or lattice structures [3].
Multiple sub-classes of archimats[edit]
Under this broad definition, a variety of nascent groups of novel materials, known under their specific names, fall in the category of archimats. These include hybrid materials [3], mechanical metamaterials [4], heterogeneous materials [5], harmonic materials [6], gradient materials [7], topological interlocking materials [8], etc. Indeed, the properties of all these incarnations of archimats are determined by their inner make-up, including composition and internal structure of their constituents at various length scales. The idea of multi-scale design of engineering materials, partly inspired by Nature, has been pioneered by Michael F. Ashby [9],[10],[11]. Its modern-day realizations are built upon the notion that the inner architecture of a material can be viewed as an additional ‘degree of freedom’, which can be tuned to provide the material with desired properties. The length scale at which this architecture can be implemented is intermediate between the microstructural scale and the macroscopic scale set by the specimen dimensions. The new properties and functionalities enabled by archimats made this materials design paradigm attractive to researchers from various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, materials science, and mechanical engineering. This pluridisciplinarity brings many different flavors to this burgeoning area of research.
Provenance of the term[edit]
It is hard to establish with certainty at what point in time the acronym ‘archimat’ was conceived. Its first recorded use is documented in the title ArchiMat2011 of the First International School on Architectured Materials held in Grenoble/Autrans [12]. The acceptance of the acronym by the materials research community was cemented in its sequel, ArchiMat2014 [13]
References[edit]
- ↑ Estrin, Y.; Brechet, Y.; Dunlop, J.; Fratzl, P. "Architectured Materials in Nature and Engineering. Archimats". Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, 2019.
- ↑ Estrin, Y.; et al. (2019). "Design of Architectured Materials Based on Mechanically Driven Structural and Compositional Patterning". Advanced Engineering Materials. 21: 1900487.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ashby, M. (2013). "Designing architectured materials". Scripta Materialia. 68: 4–7.
- ↑ Barchiesi, Emilio; et al. (2020). "Mechanical metamaterials: a state of the art". Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids. 24.
- ↑ Zhu, Y.; et al. (2019). "Perspective on hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening and back stress". Materials Research Letters. 7: 393–398.
- ↑ Orlov, D.; et al. (2020). "Critical Assesment 37: Harmonic-structure materials - idea". Mater. Sci. Techn.
- ↑ Lu, K. (2015). "Gradient nanostructured materials". Acta Metall. 51: 1–10.
- ↑ Estrin, Y. (2011). "Topological interlocking as a material design concept". Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 31: 1189–1194.
- ↑ Ashby, M. (1991). "Overview No. 92: Materials and shape". Acta Metallurgica et Materialia. 39: 1025.
- ↑ Ashby, M.; et al. (2003). "Designing hybrid materials". Acta Mater. 51: 5801.
- ↑ Fleck, N.; et al. (2011). "Micro-architectured materials: past, present and future". Proc. R. Soc. 466: 2495.
- ↑ http://www.materiauxarchitectures.fr/content/archimat-2011
- ↑ http://www.materiauxarchitectures.fr/content/archimat-2014-0
Archimat[edit]
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