Arthur Costa

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Arthur Costa is an educator, author, and professor emeritus of education at California State University, Sacramento. He has served as a classroom teacher, a curriculum consultant, and an assistant superintendent for instruction. Costa has devoted his career to improving education through more thoughtful instruction and assessment. With Robert Garmston, Dr. Costa is the co-founder of the Center for Cognitive Coaching in El Dorado Hills, California and, with Bena Kallick, is co-founder of the International Institute for Habits of Mind in Westport, Connecticut. These two organizations provide staff development and consultant services around the world intended to transform schools into more thoughtful places to improve student learning and create active, self-directed lifelong learners. Impoverished as well as affluent schools and students on six continents have benefitted from adopting these mindful practices. The Habits of Mind have been embraced in schools throughout the United States and in Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, Mexico, Singapore (At the Art Costa Center for Thinking), Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, and Canada. A few examples of “turnaround” schools in the U.S. include: Estrella Elementary School (A Garmston & Costa Academy) in inner-city Los Angeles; Vermont Community High School for adjudicated youth at prisons throughout Vermont; Furr High School, Houston, Texas; Waikiki Elementary School, Honolulu; Charles Wyche Elementary School, Miami; and the Florida International University. These schools report a school culture has developed in which the staff and community adopt a shared vision, where students prosper, where discipline problems disappear, and where parents, staff, and students become lifelong learners.

Early life and education

Costa was born in Tampa, Florida, November 30, 1931. He received a Bachelor of Science in education degree, University of Southern California, 1953, a Master of Science in Education degree, University of Southern California, 1958, and a Doctorate in Education, Curriculum and Instruction, University of California, Berkeley. He is married with three daughters, six granddaughters, and three great-grandchildren.

Career

Prior to his retirement in May 1998, Costa served in a variety of capacities which include: Professor of Education, California State University, Sacramento, 1969-1990. Chairman, Department of Educational Administration, California State University, Sacramento, 1976-1979. Assistant Superintendent Educational Services, Sacramento County Office of Education, 1964-1968. Director, Educational Programs, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Santa Monica, CA, 1962-1964. Curriculum Consultant, Los Angeles County Superintendent of Schools Office, 1958-1962. Teacher, Grades 7-8, Bellflower Unified School District, Bellflower, CA, 1955-1958.

Visiting Professor of Education:

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C., Summer 2004, 2005. Green Honors Professor, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, 1989-90. University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, 1988-89. University of Massachusetts, Boston, 1986-90. Western Michigan State University, 1983-85. Pacific Union College, 1981. Michigan State University, 1981. Central Washington State University, 1980-81. Dominican College, 1969-1979. University of Colorado, 1974. University of Hawaii, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1983. University of California, Santa Cruz, 1971. Western Washington State College, 1970. University of California, Davis, 1969. Central Washington State College, 1967. Humboldt State College, 1967. University of Redlands, 1961. San Fernando Valley State College, 1960. University of California at Los Angeles, 1958-62.

Publications: books

Co-Author: Leading Learning Organizations with Habits of Mind (2020) International Institute for Habits of Mind. www.habitsofmind institute.org

Co-Author: Nurturing Habits of Mind in Early Childhood. Alexandria, (2019). VA: ASCD Co-Author: Cognitive Coaching: Developing Self-directed Leaders and Learners. 3rd Edition (2015) Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield

Co–Author: Academic Conferences for School Teacher Leaders. (2014) Lanham MD. Rowman and Littlefield

Co-Author: Cognitive Capital: Investing in Teacher Quality. (2014) New York: Teachers College Press

Co-Author: Dispositions: Reframing Teaching and Learning. (2014) Thousand Oaks CA: Corwin Press

Co-Author: The Power of the Social Brain: Teaching, Learning and Using Interdependent Thinking (2013) New York: Teachers College Press. Co-Editor: Learning and Leading with Habits of Mind: 16 Characteristics for Success Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (2009)

Co-Editor: Habits of Mind Across the Curriculum: Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (2009)

Author: The School as a Home for the Mind. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press (2008)

Co-author: Swartz, R., Costa, A., Beyer, B., Kallick, B., and Reagan, R. (2008) Thinking Based Learning. Norwood, MA: Christopher Gordon Publishers

Co-author, Assessment Strategies for Self-Directed Learning. Thousand Oaks, CA. Corwin Press (2004)

Editor: Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. 2001 Co-editor: Habits of Mind. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. (2000)

Co-Editor: Trilogy: Process as Content. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. (1997)

Co-Editor: Assessment in the Learning Organization: Shifting the Paradigm. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. (1995)

Co-Author Cognitive Coaching: A Foundation for Renaissance Schools. Norwood, MA: Christopher Gordon Pubs. (1994) Second edition: (2002) 3rd Edition, (2016)

Co-Author: Techniques for Teaching Thinking (with Lowery, L. F.). Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications, (1989).

Co-Editor: Better Teaching Through Instructional Supervision: Policy and Practice (with Tye, K.). California School Boards Association, March 1986.

Co-Editor: If Minds Matter: A Forward To The Future. Pallatine Ill. Skylights Publishers.

Editor: Teaching for Intelligence II: A Collection of Articles. Arlington Heights, Ill: Skylights (2000) Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1985. Revised Edition, 1991, 3rd Edition 2001

Contributor: Co-cognition: The cooperative development of the intellect (with O'Leary, P.). In N. Davidson & T. Worsham (Eds.), Enhancing Thinking through Cooperative Learning. New York: Teachers College Press 1992)

Contributor: An environment for thinking. C. Collins & J. N. Mangieri (Eds.), Thinking Development: An Agenda for the Twenty-first Century. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991.

Contributor: Teacher behavior that promotes discussion. In W. W. Wilen (Ed.), Teaching and Learning through Discussion. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1990.

Contributor: Forward in Clarke, J., Patterns of Thinking. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1990.

Contributor: Forward in Bellanca, J. & Fogarty, R., Blueprints for Thinking in the Cooperative Classroom. Palatine, IL: Skylight Publishing, Inc., 1990.

Contributor: Mediating the metacognitive. In Readings from Educational Leadership: Teaching Thinking. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1989.

Contributor: Teaching the Language of Thinking (with Marzano, R.). In Readings from Educational Leadership: Teaching Thinking. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1989.

Contributor: Thinking skills: Neither an add-on nor a quick fix. In Thinking Skills Instruction: Concepts and Techniques. National Education Association Publication, 1987.

Contributor: Aldo: A metaphor. In Perspectives on Effective Teaching and the Cooperative Classroom. (with Garmston, R.J.). Washington, DC: National Education Association, 1984.

Contributor: Reaction to Hunter's knowing, teaching, and supervising. In P. Hosford (Ed.), Using What We Know About Teaching. ASCD Yearbook, 1984.

Contributor: Teaching toward intelligent behavior. In Thinking: The Expanding Frontier. PA: The Franklin Institute Press, 1983.

Contributor: Administrative and supervisory support systems self-directed learning. In Moving Toward Self-Directed Learning. ASCD, 1979.

Author: The Enabling Behaviors: A Course Syllabus. Search Models Unlimited, 1983.

Author: Supervision for Intelligent Teaching. Search Models Unlimited, 1982.

Author: Basic Teacher Behaviors. Search Models Unlimited, 1979.

Author: Enabling Behaviors. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Corporation, 1976.

Co-Author: Communication Skills, Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1975.

Co-Author: Strategies for Science Instruction. Hayward, CA: JS2 Inc., 1972.

Co-Author: Behavioral Objectives for the Charles E. Merrill Science Series: Discovering Science, Readiness and Levels 1-6. Principles of Science, Focus on Earth, Life Physical Science and Biology: Living Systems.

Co-Author: Discovering Science, Level 4. Columbus, OH: Chas. E. Merrill Co., 1971.

Co-Author: Inquiry: A Strategy for Developing Autonomous Learners. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates, 1967.

Co-Author: Inquiry Development Extension Service. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates, 1966-67.

Co-Editor: Franklin Publications Science Series, California State Adopted Texts, 1967.

Contributor: Astronautics for Secondary Teachers. NY: Wiley Brothers, 1967.

Author: Investigating Science with Children: Space. Washington, DC: National Science Teachers Assn., 1964. MEDIA PROGRAMS:

“Habits of Mind” Eduplanet 21 Mechanicsbujrg, PA "Self-Directed Learning" Lee Canter Associates. Santa Monica, CA "Another Set of Eyes: Conferencing Skills," in the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development's Supervision Series, 1988. "Teaching Skillful Thinking," Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1988. "How Schools Can Nourish Intelligent Behaviors Needed by Planning Series, 1988. "What Human Beings Do When They Behave Intelligently," "Classroom Conditions That Encourage Student Thinking," "Teaching Thinking: Who's Really Doing it?" (with Ron Brandt, Rita King, David Perkins, and Stuart Rankin) Audio tapes from ASCD, 1988. "Improving the Quality of Student Thinking," Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1984. "The Enabling Behaviors," Sacramento County Superintendent of Schools Office, 1979. "What Human Beings Do When They Behave Intelligently," Audiotapes from ASCD's series on Teaching Thinking in Elementary Schools, 1987. "Teaching for Intelligent Behaviors,” 1989. "The School as a Home for the Mind,” 1990. Ti-In Network, San Antonio, Texas. Interactive Videos.

PUBLICATIONS: JOURNAL ARTICLES:

(With Bena Kallick and Allison Zmuda) November 2021. Building A Culture of Efficacy with Habits of Mind. Educational Leadership. ASCD

(With Wendy Barron and Bob Garmston) October 2021. Compassionate Leadership Now. The Learning Professional. Journal of Learning Forward

(With Bena Kallick, Jay McTighe and Allison Zmuda) March 2020. Dispositions by Design. Educational Leadership. ASCD

(With Guy Claxton & Bena Kallick). March 2016. Some Hard Thoughts about Soft Skills. Educational Leadership. ASCD

(With Bena Kallick). September 2015. Questioning with Intention. Educational Leadership. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

(With Bob Garmston) February 2015. Teaching Standards, The Calibrating Conversation and Self-Directed Learning. Learning Forward. Learning Forward

(With Bob Garmston). 2000. Peer Assistance and Review: Potentials and Pitfalls. The Peer Assistance and Review Reader, New Teacher Center, University of California, Santa Cruz.

(With Bob Garmston). 1999. Maturing Outcomes. Focus on Education, New Jersey ASCD, Vol. 43, 29-36.

(With Bob Garmston). 1995. The Five Human Passions: The Origins of Effective Thinking Cogitare, Newsletter of the ASCD Network on Teaching Thinking, 9 (2) 1-5.

(With Bob Garmston). April 1992. Cognitive Coaching: A Strategy for Reflective Teaching. Instructional Leader, Texas Elementary Principals and Supervisors Association, Austin, Texas, Vol. (2), 47,11.

(With Bob Garmston). Spring-Summer 1992. Cognitive Coaching for Peer Reflection. Journal for Supervision and Curriculum Improvement. California ASCD. 5 (2), 15-19.

(With Bob Garmston). 1990. The Art of Cognitive Coaching: Supervision for Intelligent Teaching. Training Syllabus, Institute for Intelligent Behavior.

(With Bob Garmston). (Fall 1987). Student Teaching: Developing Images of a Profession. Action in Teacher Education, University of Houston, Texas. 9 (3).

(With Bob Garmston). December 1986. Cognitive Coaching Supervision for Intelligent Teaching. Wingspan. 3 (1), 38-42.

(With Bob Garmston). March 1986. Reviewing the Difference Between Supervision and Evaluation. Better Teaching Through Instructional Supervision: Policy and Practice. Compiled by Tye, K. California School Boards Association, Sacramento, 9-12.

(With Bob Garmston). February 1985. Supervision for Intelligent Teaching, Educational Leadership, 42 (5), 70-80.

(With Bob Garmston, & Lambert, L.). 1988. Evaluation of Teaching: A Cognitive Development View. In Popham, W. J., & Stanley, S.J. (Eds.), Teacher Evaluation: Six Prescriptions for Success. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Virginia, 145-172.

Launching Self-Directed Learners. 2004. Educational Leadership Vol. 62. No 1.

Five Human Passions. October 1998. Think: The Magazine on Critical and Creative Thinking, Vol. 9, No 1, 14-17.

Maturing Outcomes. April 1998 Holistic Education Review.

Mediating the Metacognitive: Teaching the language of thinking (with Marzano, R.). 1989. In R. Brandt (Ed.), Readings from Educational Leadership, Teaching Thinking. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

How Do We Decide What Our Schools Should Teach? Winter 1989. In California ASCD Journal.

Thinking skills: Neither an add-on nor a quick fix. October 1989. The Canadian School Executive.

The Principals’ Role in Enhancing Thinking Skills. June 1989. The Canadian School Executive.

The Search for Intelligent Life. 1989. Iowa Educational Leadership, Journal of Iowa ASCD, Vol. 6.

Reassessing Assessment. April 1989. Educational Leadership.

The Search for Intelligent Life. Winter 1988. California ASCD Journal.

A Pathfinder in Education. Spring-Summer 1989. Washington ASCD Journal.

Re-conceptualizing Schooling. Fall 1988. Florida ASCD Journal.

Teaching for Intelligence. Winter 1988. In Context.

Student Teaching: Developing Images of a Profession. (with Garmston, R.). Fall 1987. Action in Teacher Education Journal of Association of Teacher Educators.

Do You Speak Cogitare? Spring-Summer 1986. Curriculum in Context, Journal of Washington ASCD.

Teaching the Language of Thinking (with Marzano, R.). October 1987. Educational Leadership.

Supervision for Intelligent Teaching (with Garmston, R.). February 1985. Educational Leadership.

Mediating the Metacognitive. November 1984. Educational Leadership.

Do District-wide Supervisors Make a Difference? (with Guditus, C.). February 1984. Educational Leadership.

Thinking: How Do We Know Students Are Getting Better At It? April 1984. Roeper Review.

Teaching for Intelligent Behavior. July/October 1982. Human Intelligence International Newsletter, Vol. 3/4-5.

Teaching for Intelligent Behavior. October 1981. Educational Leadership.

Competency Based Education: Another View. March 1978. California School Boards Journal.

Teacher Power. November/December 1978. Reach, Journal of the California Elementary Education Association.

Competency Based Education: Let’s Examine the Assumptions. March 1978. Thrust, Journal of the Association of California School Administrators.

Affective Education: The State of the Art. January 1977. Educational Leadership. The Search for Humanistic Evaluation. January 1976. Thrust, Journal of the Association of California School Administrators.

Agape: Where is Your Curriculum? March 1974. Thrust, Journal of the Association of California School Administrators.

An Inquiry into Evaluator-Evaluatee Relationships. October 1972. Thrust, Journal of the Association of California School Administrators.

An Environment for Learning. Winter 1971-72. Early Childhood Education, Alberta Teachers’ Association.

S.M.O.R.T.S. -- A Synthesis of Major Organizers Recurring in Teaching Strategies. Fall 1971. Journal of Teacher Education.

Who’s Accountable? October 1970. Educational Leadership, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Strategies for Developing Autonomous Learners. October 1968. Audiovisual Instruction. Department of Audiovisual Instruction of N.E.A.

Synergism: The Administrative Involvement of the Curriculum Worker. February 1968. Educational Leadership, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Autonomy in Decision Making. April 1966. Utah Journal of Education.

How Elementary Teachers Keep Up-to-Date. March 1966. Science Education.

Making Science Teaching More Science-Like. February 1965. Science and Children, National Science Teachers Association.

The Science Specialist. January 1963. The Elementary School Principal, The Department of Elementary School Principals of N.E.A.

The Role of the Teacher in the Science Program. March 1962. California Journal of Instructional Improvement, California Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Educational Problems of Space Exploration. October 1962. Elementary School Science Bulletin.

Appreciation, A Basis for Science Learning. April 1962. Elementary School Science Bulletin, National Science Teachers Association.

References

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