Ash'arism in Algeria

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Algerian Islamic reference
Institutions Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments Algerian high islamic council Algerian fiqh academy Algerian scientific council of fatwa Algerian forum of maliki fiqh National Union of Algerian Zawiyas Dar al-Imam Dar al-Quran Quranic readings institute National Agency for the implementation and management of Djamaa el Djazaïr National crescent control committee National office for Hajj and Umrah
Islam in Algeria Islam Religion in Algeria Muftis of Algeria Mosques of Algeria Cemeteries of Algeria List of mosques in Algiers
Quran in Algeria Quran Warsh recitation Algeria Quran Thaalibia Quran
Sunnism in Algeria Sunnism Sunni Islam in Algeria
Ash'arism in Algeria Ash'arism
Malikism in Algeria Malikism
Sufism in Algeria Sufism List of Muslim saints of Algeria Zawiyas of Algeria
Celebrations Public holidays in Algeria Ashura Ashura in Algeria Mawlid Mawlid in Algeria Mawsim Sebiba Tweeza Wezeea
Sufi Orders Alawiyya Chabiyya Darqawiyya Dardouriyya Habibiyya Hansaliyya Isawiyya Karzaziyya Khalwatiyya Madyaniyya Nasiriyya Omariyya Ouazzaniyya Qadiriyya Rahmaniyya Senusiyya Shadhiliyya Sheikhiyya Taïbiyya Tijaniyya Youssoufiyya Zaïaniyya Zarrouqiyya
Zawiyas of Algeria Zawiya Thaalibia (Algiers) Zawiya Thaalibia (Issers) Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Algiers) Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Bounouh) Zawiyet Sidi Saadi Zawiyet Sidi Amar Zawiya Belkaïdia (Algiers) Zawiya Belkaïdia (Oran) Zawiyet El Hamel Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini Zawiyet Sidi Salem
Cult Raising hands in Dua Qunut Hizb Rateb Salka Hezzab Bash Hezzab Nass al-Houdhour Dua Dhikr Wird Wazifa Wazifa Zarruqiyya Lazimi Salat al-Fatih

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History of Algeria
Prehistory Aterian Culture (80,000 BC) Iberomaurusian Culture (20,000 BC) Capsian culture (10,000 BC) Rock art in Oran, Djelfa, Tassili and Ahaggar African humid period Roknia Madghacen Jedars Related: Archeology of Algeria
Antiquity Getulia (~500 BC–40 AD) Numidia (202–46 BC) Punic Wars (264–146 BC) Jugurthine War (111–106 BC) Roman Mauretania and Africa (146 BC–590 AD) Vandalic War (533–534 AD) Prefecture of Africa (534–585 AD) Exarchate of Africa (585–698 AD) Early African Church Partenia Fossatum Africae Gemellae
Middle Ages Arab conquest (647–709 AD) Umayyads (703–744 AD) Ifranids (742–1066 AD) Muhallabids (771–793 AD) Rustamids (776–909 AD) Idrisids (789–828 AD) Aghlabids (800–909 AD) Fatimids (909–1171 AD) Maghrawas (970–1068 AD) Zirids (973–1152 AD) Hammadids (1014–1152 AD) Almoravids (1040–1147 AD) Almohads (1121–1269 AD) Marinids (1215–1465 AD) Hafsids (1229–1574 AD) Ziyyanids (1235–1556 AD)
Modern times Ottoman Algeria (16th - 19th centuries) Regency of Algiers Ottoman governors Emirate of Ait Abbas Emirate of Kuku Barbary pirates Barbary Slave Trade First Barbary War Second Barbary War French Algeria (19th - 20th centuries) French conquest French governors Resistance Pacification Emir Abdelkader Fatma N'Soumer Mokrani Revolt Cheikh Bouamama Nationalism RCUA FLN GPRA Algerian War 1958 putsch 1961 putsch Évian Accords Independence referendum Pied-Noir Harkis Oujda Group
Contemporary era 1960s–80s Arab nationalism 1965 putsch Berber Spring 1988 Riots 1990s Algerian Civil War (Timeline) FIS GIA List of massacres High Council of State Civil Concord 2000s to present Peace Charter AQIM Arab Spring
Related topics Outline of Algeria Military history of Algeria (List of wars involving Algeria) Postal history of Algeria (List of people on stamps of Algeria) History of North Africa

This article is about Ash'arism. For other uses, see Ash'arism (disambiguation).

Ash'arism is considered as an essential part of the Aqida within the Islam in Algeria. Algeria has adopted Ash'arism because it advocates revelation (Waḥy or Naql) over reason (Aql). The moderate and tolerant historical course of Islam in Algeria has made the system of thought based on Ash'arism predominant among the Algerian people. Citizens and the media, as well as official authorities, appeal to theologians who issue opinions and fatwas based on religious traditions based on Ash'arism, the Malikite rite, and Sufism in Algeria. For centuries, Algerian Islam, and Maghreb generally, has always adopted the school of Ash'ari theology which is a dogma which rejects the morphologism of God (Allah).

Presentation

The choice of Muslim faithful in Algeria, the former Central Maghreb, was linked to the inspiration of Imam Al-Ghazali, author of The Revival of the Religious Sciences, who was himself attached to the great imams and spiritual masters of the traditional currents of Sunni Islam, in particular the theological doctrine Ash'ari, and the spiritual path of orthodox Sufism.

During the golden centuries of the Muslim world, the triptych of Ash'arism, Malikism and Sufism went hand in hand and coexisted in the education of Muslims to a good practice of religiosity and ibada.

This is how Imam Ibn Arabi, the great Sufi, and Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, the famous Ash'ari theologian and exegete of the Quran, maintained amiable relations and discussions, and which Ibn Arabi reports in one of his books.

The adoption by the Algerians of Ash'arism is due to the fact that the partisans of the Hanbali school in Mashreq showed, throughout the history of Islam, a great doctrinal intolerance towards all those who did not share their opinions, as historians of Islam have reported.

Neither the Sufis, nor the Ash'arites, nor the supporters of other schools escaped their vindictiveness, and this is how they found a refuge for their persons and their ideas in the Maghreb, including present-day Algeria.

Doctrine

The Ash'ari school of theology took the opposite position of the Muʿtazila and insisted that truth cannot be known through reason alone.

The Ash'ari school further claimed that truth can only be known through revelation (Waḥy).

The Ash'ari claim that without revelation, the unaided human mind would not be able to know if something is good or evil.

Today, the Ash'ari school is considered one of the Orthodox schools of theology and became, together with the Maturidi, the main schools reflecting the beliefs of the Sunnah.

Oppression

During the period of the Algerian civil war, one of the objectives of Salafist Wahhabi terrorism, implemented by terrorist armed groups, was to put an end in Algeria to the three local religious constants forming the Algerian Islamic reference, and which are Ash'arism, Malikism and Sufism.

This modern persecution of Salafist terrorists is not new, since the partisans of Shafi'ism, Hanafism and Malikism, have been persecuted by the zealous Hanbalites, as have been victims of the partisans of the Ash'ari school of thought founded by the great theologian Al-Ash'ari.

This persecution is underlined in the book written by the great Sufi and Ash'arite scholar Al-Qushayri, the author of the famous Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya on Sufism, and this book, entitled The Chikaya (the complaint), relates all the grievances that the adversaries of the Hanbalites reproached them with.

Even the illustrious historian and exegete Al-Tabari was not immune from the persecutions of these Salafi zealots, since he was prevented from leaving his home for months and, when he died, he was buried at night.

His only fault is to have maintained that Imam Ibn Hanbal was not a jurisconsult (faqih), but a traditionist (muhaddith).

And not only in Algeria, one of the great scholars of Mecca, the exegete Muhammad Ali Sabuni, the author of a concise exegesis of the Quran much appreciated in the Muslim world, was the subject, there a few years ago, of a great campaign of criticism from the Wahhabis of Mecca and Medina for his exegesis considered as inspired by Ash'ari thought and defending Sufism.

Tolerance

The strengthening of the Ash'arism tradition in Algeria, within the framework of tolerance and moderation in Islam, requires that the anti-Wahhabi strategy must be based on the fact that there are different schools of thought in Islam which must refute the repressive theses of Wahhabism.

While the polemics and controversies between the two parties cannot cease, they must not slip into violence and exclusion.

The misunderstanding seems to have a bright future ahead of it, and it will be so as long as Salafists refuse to admit that Islam is very rich and very diverse in its thought.

Islam can accept all tendencies and all schools of thought, whether based on reason, like that of the Mutazilites on the reconciliation between reason and text; that of the Ash'arites on conformity with the apparent texts of the Quran and the Hadith, as is the case for the Salafists or on the knowledge of God (Allah) Almighty through the mastery of the passions of the nafs and its purification as taught by the Sufis.

List of Notable Algerian Ash'ari

Book of Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi

Main article: List of Islamic studies scholars

See also: List of Islamic jurists and List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam

Algeria is a birthplace of many Ash'ari scholars such as:

1. Sidi Abu Madyan (died 1198)
2. Mohamed al-Waghlissi (died 1241)
3. Ahmed al-Ghobrini (died 1304)
4. Mansour al-Mechedelli (died 1331)
5. Mohamed al-Melikechi (died 1339)
6. Ahmed al-Ilouli (died 1359)
7. Abderrahmane al-Waghlissi (died 1384)
8. Ali al-Menguellati (died 1412)
9. Sidi El Houari (died 1439)
10. Mansour al-Menguellati (died 1442)
11. Sidi Boushaki (died 1453)
12. Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (died 1479)
13. Sidi Ahmed Zouaoui (died 1488)
14. Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (died 1793)

Gallery

• 

  The Revival of the Religious Sciences

• 

  Al-Ghazali

See also

Other articles of the topic Religion : God in Islam, Shirk (Islam), Full communion
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• Algerian Islamic reference
• Ashura in Algeria
• Islam in Algeria
• Malikism in Algeria
• Mawlid in Algeria
• Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments in Algeria
• Religion in Algeria
• Schools of Islamic theology
• Sufism in Algeria
• Zawiyas in Algeria
• Revelation and reason
• Central Maghreb

References

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