Attention as Internal Action
| Field | Cognitive science; Philosophy of mind; Cognitive and Computer Sciences |
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Attention as Internal Action (AIA) is a theoretical framework in cognitive science and philosophy of mind that conceptualizes attention as a deliberate internal action—specifically, the act of accessing information that has already been processed by unconscious mechanisms. Introduced in 2025, AIA builds on existing theories such as the Action Cycle Theory.[1] and the Global Workspace Theory, proposing that conscious experience arises not merely from information processing, but from a secondary component: an internal agent that selects and accesses relevant internal representations [2]
This model redefines attention as a conscious decision-making process, distinguishing it from automatic unconscious computation. Within this framework, AIA introduces the Discrete Motor Execution hypothesis, which links measurable reaction time data to iterations of the cognitive cycle [3], providing a potential method for quantifying internal cognitive activity.
Theoretical Concepts
At the heart of AIA is the General Internal Model of Attention (GIMA). It is simply a layered cognitive architecture that categorizes conscious processes into three metacognitive types: self-planning, self-monitoring, and self-evaluation [4]. GIMA allows researchers to hypothesize interactions between conscious and unconscious processes by defining so-called internal actions (IAs). They are viewed as short, conscious acts that produce corresponding mental imagery. These internal actions are considered the basis of learning and reflection.
The theory also draws on concepts from established models such as LIDA and the Supervisory attentional system, incorporating the notion of a trigger database as the unconscious receiver of incoming sensory data.
Applications
The theory has been used in the design of digital cognitive monitoring systems, capable of assessing a person’s cognitive state via structured tasks. The framework also supports explanations for cognitive phenomena related to crisis situations, learning via mental imagery, and metacognitive regulation.
See also
- Cognitive map
- Global Workspace Theory
- LIDA (cognitive architecture)
- Metacognition
- Supervisory attentional system
References
- ↑ Marks, D.F. The Action Cycle Theory of Perception and Mental Imagery. Vision 2023, 7, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010012
- ↑ Ukov, T.; Tsochev, G.; Yoshinov, R. A Monitoring System for Measuring the Cognitive Cycle via a Continuous Reaction Time Task. Systems 2025, 13, 597.
- ↑ Madl T, Baars BJ, Franklin S. The timing of the cognitive cycle. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 25;6(4):e14803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014803. PMID: 21541015; PMCID: PMC3081809.
- ↑ Ukov, T.; Tsochev, G. Reviewing a Model of Metacognition for Application in Cognitive Architecture Design. Systems 2025, 13, 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030177
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