Badweyn burial
Qabriga Dhulbahante ee Badweyn Xabaalka Dhulbahante ee Badweyn | |
| File:Aaska dhulbahante badweyn, qabriga dhulbahante badweyn, xabaalka dhulbahante badweyn uu Ararsame daryeelo, dhulbahante burial at geed-barde badweyn guarded by Ararsame.png Qabriga Dhulbahante ee geedka Barde Badweyn uu Ararsame daryeelo, Dhulbahante burial adjacent to geed-barde tree in Badweyn wardened by Ararsame | |
| Part of | Darawiish border crossings |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Cultures | Dhulbahante / Ararsame |
The Badweyn burial ground is a former Darawiish border crossing and is the resting ground of Si'iid Harti, nicknamed Dhulbahante, the ancestor and progenitor of the Dhulbahante tribe [citation needed], historically the largest[1] northern Somali clan. It is situated at Badweyn, which is the western boundary of the Dervish chieftainship-sultanate,[2] and lies at the head of the Nugaal Valley.[3] [original research?]
Burial site
According to John Anthony Hunt, the burial ground of Dhulbahante is Badweyn and his descendants, the Dhulbahante clan, are the owners of the Nugaal plateau and Nugaal valley:[4]
After a time Harti's family became unwieldy and, just as Abraham separated from Lot, Harti sent his sons out to search for new grazing areas. Mijertein (Mohamed Harti) the eldest, went east, his descendants spreading southwards along what is now the Somali Coast, many becoming seamen and traders, and intermarrying to some extent with Arabs, Malays, and Indians. Murasante and Mura Asseh (Warsangeli, ietc.) stayed in the Al Hills, Upper Daror valley, and the Makhir coast, where they collected gums and kept cattle. Dolbahanta went south, and his people owned the Nogal. He was burried at Bawein at the eastern end of the Ain.
According to Eric J. Swayne, the inhabitants of Dhulbahante progenitors burial site at Badweyn are traditionally the Ararsame subclan of Dhulbahante:[5]
At Badwein, in the centre of that part of the Nogal Valley which is occupied by the Arasama sub-tribe, we discovered extensive ruins of an ancient city, and close by a large tank quarried out of the gypsum rock.
Badwein border / Badwein line & 46th meridian
Lands in Somalia situated between contending maamul goboleeds (Somali federal states), or its people, have been referred to by academics such as Benedikt Korf as borderlanders who applies to them dissenting qualities, such as a territory with another another looming polity intermittently forming, or oscillatorily, with a lassitudinal passivity towards geopolitics, and as such, are subject to a territorial, unionist and separatist dispute.[6]
During the middle colonial era, the term borderlander referred to neutral zones situated between the Darawiish in the east and British colonized or Rayid areas to the west, roughly congruous with the eastern half of modern El-Afweyn district or Karman plateau. The boundaries of the borderlander neutral zone was from Ankhor, (in Somali Conkor) at the coast, Eil Dur Elan (in Somali Dhur Cilaan) down the mount slope, Badwein at the open plains, and the 46th degree of longitude towards the Abyssinian border in the west, and the blockhouses surrounding the Dhulbahante garesa of Jidali, and the Nugaal to the east:
It was our object to confine them to this area and to afford protection to our friendly tribes behind a line drawn roughly from Ankhor on the sea coast through Eil Dur Elan to Badwein at the eastern extremity of the Ain Valley, and thence south-west to the southern border at a point where it is intersected by the 46th degree of longitude [7]
People and clans which lived in the neutral or borderlander areas, were immune to attacks from both British colonists and Darawiish, since they shared neither identity. That the borderlander and neutral peoples of the Karman were inviolable from raids or harassment from both colonial forces and the anti-colonial Darawiish chieftainship-sultanate is concurred with by former resident colonial administrator Douglas Jardine:[8]
From this place, the chief grazing grounds of the tribes were at his mercy. It was an excellent base from which to carry out raids in any direction. Many of the tribesmen, loath to leave such luxuriant pastures, had remained in close proximity to the Dervish post; and their immunity from attack had shown that some sort of understanding existed between them and the Dervishes with whom they had exchanged visits and presents.
Douglas Jardine described the boundary between colonial-signatory tribes and non-signatory tribes, and separated those of intra-46th meridian east territories as a distinct entity:[9]
An imaginary line was drawn roughly from Ankhor on the sea-coast through Eil Dur Elan to Badwein at the eastern extremity of the Ain Valley, and thence south-west to the southern border at a point where it is intersected by the 46th degree of longitude. It was our object to confine Dervish activities to their side of this line and to afford protection to the friendly tribes on our side.
People resident within the intra-46th meridian east line included both non-Dervish (i.e. non-Darawiish) neutrals and Dervishes. The fact that these non-aligner nomads within intra-46th meridian territory were amiable to both the colonial British and Dervish side side suggests they were non-aligned nomads.[8]
Ongoing counter claims
The territory of intra-46th meridian east is subject continuing counter claims including by HBM-SSC, Puntland, Somaliland, Khatumo, Maakhir and others.
See also
References
- ↑ Irons, Roy (2013). Betrayal and redemption. Pen and Sword Books. p. 12.
Habr Awal, Gadabursi, Habr Toljaala and Isa in 1884, the Habr Gerhajis in 1885 and the Warsangli in 1886. No treaty was concluded with the Dolbahanta, the largest of the clans, for the Italians regarded part of the clan as subject to the Sultan of the Mijerteen, who was himself under Italian protection. This was an important omission, but it was thought by the Government of India that ‘The Dolbahanta would certainly look upon any treaty which we might conclude with them as guaranteeing to them our protection, and we should thus incur indefinite and probably inconvenient responsibilities
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- ↑ Claude, M (1921). https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qewMPX82IygJ:https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32247/page/1791/data.pdf+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=si.
It was our object to confine them to this area and to afford protection to our friendly tribes behind a line drawn roughly from Ankhor on the sea coast through Eil Dur Elan to Bad'wein at the eastern extremity of the Ain Valley, and thence south-west to the southern border at a point where it is intersected by the 46th degree of longitude;
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- ↑ Goth, Bashir Sheikh Omer. "Baabullow Libaax–a poetic drama." Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies 19.1 (2019): 6.
- ↑ Hunt, John Anthony (1951). A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950 (PDF). p. 150. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
Dolbahanta went south, and his people owned the Nogal. He was burried ad Bawein at the eastern end of the Ain
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- ↑ Society, Royal Geographic (1893). Supplementary Papers. p. 551.
At Badwein, in the centre of that part of the Nogal Valley which is occupied by the Arasama sub-tribe, we discovered extensive ruins of an ancient city, and close by a large tank quarried out of the gypsum rock
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- ↑ Korf, Benedikt, and Timothy Raeymaekers. "Introduction: Border, Frontier and the Geography of Rule at the Margins of the State." Violence on the Margins. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2013. 3-27.
- ↑ Claude, M (1921). London Gazette.
It was ourobject to confine them to this area and to affordprotection to our friendly tribes1 behind a linedrawn roughly from Ankhor on the sea coastthrough Eil Dur Elan to Bad'wein at the eastern extremity of the Ain Valley, and thence south-west to the southern border at a point where it is intersected by the 46th degree of longitude;
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- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Douglas Jardine, p. 239
- ↑ Douglas Jardine, p. 250
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