Battle of Chamkaur
The Battle of Chamkaur, also known as Battle of Chamkaur Sahib, was a battle fought between the Khalsa, led by Guru Gobind Singh, and the coalition forces of the Mughals led by Wazir Khan.[1][2][3]. Guru Gobind Singh makes a reference to this battle in his victory letter Zafarnama.
| Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars | |
| Date | December 6, 1704 |
|---|---|
| Location | Near the village of Chamkaur, Rupnagar district, Punjab, India |
| Result | Mughal victory.
|
| Billigerants | |
|---|---|
| Mughal Empire | Khalsa |
| Commanders and Leaders | |
| Aurangzeb | Guru Gobind Singh |
| Mughal Empire | Khalsa |
|---|---|
| Unknown, but much larger [9] (Gobind Singh's Zafarnama metaphorically states that the Mughal soldiers numbered 1 million) | 42 |
| Mughal Empire | Khalsa |
|---|---|
|
|
All martyrs of the Battle
| 1. Sahibzada Ajit Singh (s/o Guru Gobind Singh) | 2. Sahibzada Jujhar Singh (s/o Guru Gobind Singh) |
| 3. Bhai Himmat Singh (Piarey) | 4. Bhai Sahib Singh (Piarey) |
| 5. Bhai Mohkam Singh (Piarey) | 6. Bhai Sanmukh Singh |
| 7. Bhai Kirpa Singh | 8. Bhai Naanu Singh Dilwaali |
| 9. Bhai Devaa Singh | 10. Bhai Bakhsish Singh |
| 11. Bhai Ram Singh | 12. Bhai Gurbakhsish Singh |
| 13. Bhai Tahil Singh | 14. Bhai Mukand Singh |
| 15. Bhai Eshar Singh | 16. Bhai Fateh Singh |
| 17. Bhai Khajaan Singh | 18. Bhai Laal Singh |
| 19. Bhai Jawahar Singh | 20. Bhai Keerat Singh |
| 21. Bhai Shyam Singh | 22. Bhai Hukam Singh |
| 23. Bhai Kesra Singh | 24. Bhai Dhanna Singh |
| 25. Bhai Sukha Singh | 26. Bhai Madan Singh |
| 27. Bhai Budda Singh | 28. Bhai Kaatha Singh |
| 29. Bhai Anand Singh | 30. Bhai Naahar Singh |
| 31. Bhai Sant Singh Bangesheri | 32. Bhai Sher Singh |
| 33. Bhai Sangat Singh | 34. Bhai Mukand Singh Duja) |
| 35. Bhai Anak Singh (s/o Bhai Mani Singh) | 36. Bhai Ajab Singh (s/o Bhai Mani Singh) |
| 37. Bhai Ajaaeb Singh s/o Bhai Mani Singh) | 38. Bhai Daan Singh b/o Bhai Mani Singh) |
| 39. Bhai Aalim Singh Nachanaa | 40. Bhai Veer Singh (b/o Bhai Aalim Singh Nachanaa) |
| 41. Bhai Mohar Singh s/o Bhai Aalim Singh Nachanaa) | 42. Bhai Amolak Singh s/o Bhai Aalim Singh Nachanaa) |
Aftermath
The Guru emphasized how he was proud that his sons had died fighting in battle, and that he had 'thousands of sons – the Singhs'. He also said that he would never trust Aurangzeb again due to his broken promises [10] and lies.
Zafarnama
Zafarnama or "Epistle of Victory" is a letter that was written by Guru Gobind Singh to the then Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Zafarnama vividly describes what happened at Chamkaur, and also holds Aurangzeb responsible for what occurred and promises he broke.
After his leave from Chamkaur, the Guru is said to have been carried by two Pathans (Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan) to Jatpur where he was received by the local Muslim chieftain. He later went to Dina, and stayed at Bhai Desa Singh's house, where he is said to have written "Zafarnama" in Persian, in 111 verses.
References
- ↑ "Battle of Chamkaur | Bhakti Movement | Monotheistic Religions". Scribd. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ↑ Giani Gian Singh. Panth Parkash 1. Search this book on
- ↑ Giani Gian Singh. Panth Parkash 2. Search this book on
- ↑ Jaques, Tony. (2007). Dictionary of battles and sieges : a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-02799-4. OCLC 230808376. Search this book on
- ↑ Fenech, Louis E. The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh : a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire. New York. ISBN 978-0-19-993143-9. OCLC 788288378. Search this book on
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Sukhm; Sukhm, ir Khalsa Sikhism Expert; author, ir Kaur is a Sikh; educator; Kh, the president of Dharam; Sukhm, Sikh Academy our editorial process; Khalsa, ir. "History of Panj Pyare: The 5 Beloved of Sikh History". Learn Religions. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Sahibzada Ajeet Singh and Sahibzada Jujhar Singh ~ UNFORGOTTEN". SikhNet. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "The Sikhs :their journey of five hundred years /by Raj Pal Singh ; foreword by Bhupinder Singh Jauhar. – National Library". www.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ↑ Singha, H. S. (2000). The encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 entries). New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. ISBN 81-7010-301-0. OCLC 243621542. Search this book on
- ↑ "Zafarnama by Guru Gobind Singh Ji (Gurmukhi,Persian,English Meanings) | Religion And Belief". Scribd. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
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