Benarllirie
Benarllirie (Catalan: Benarllíria, pronounced [bənəɾ'ʎiɾjə] or [ben̩aɾ'ʎiɾiɛ]; Aragonese: Benarlliria, pronounced [bena'ʎiɾja]; Occitan: Banalhiria, pronounced [banɔ'ʎiɾjɔ]; Sicilian: Benaillíria, pronounced [bɛnaj'liɾɪa]; Sardinian: Benaglirie, pronounced [bena'ʎiɾʲa]; Corsican: Benarglirie, pronounced [benaɾ'ʎiɾɛ] or [benaɾ'ʎiɾiɛ]; Greek: Βεναρλιραï, pronounced [benar'ʎiraj]; Neapolitan: Benerillia, pronounced [bəner'iljə]; Mozarabic: Banalillia, pronounced [bana'lilɪ]; Basque: Banariliria, pronounced [banaɾ'ʎiɾja]; Iberian: Benalure, pronounced [bena'luɾɛ]; Gallo-italic: Benargliria, pronounced [bɛna'ʎirja]; and Latin: Benarllirim, pronounced [bena'lirim]) it's the name given to the territory of the ancient Crown of Aragon at its maximum splendor, specifically to the regions of Catalonia, Aragon, Valencia and the Balearic islands, although the Italian states are very related to this name. It's a term used during the period since the marriage of Petronilla of Aragon with Ramon Berenguer IV, until the Nueva Planta decrees, when it was prohibited. Since the 13th of November 2020, we didn't know the term, because, after 1716, all the documents with this name were destroyed and the term was prohibited. Thanks to the recently found book of Piament Cerrades: Memories de Talavera i Rodalies, we have known about this term, used a lot instead of the others Crown of Aragon or Catalan-Aragonese Conference. Although this term was used specifically for the Crown of Aragon since 1151, it was used for the people of Aragon and Catalonia since the 4th century BCE. It was first officialized in 1193 by Alfonso the Chaste but it was not recurred to a lot because in politics they preferred to use every state name. It was used, a lot, in other countries when they referred to the Crown and also in literature, and because of that, when the documents with the term Benarllirie were destroyed, a lot of the Benarllirian literature was destroyed. This fact affected specially to the Aragonese and the Italian ones, because those were the ones that used more the term in literature and, though, these didn't have enough support after the Middle Ages to survive.
The form Benarllire it's used, for one part, to name Catalonia, Aragon, Valencia and the Balearic islands as one different culture and country from Spain, and for the other, to remember and make strong the unity of the Iberian states with the Italian ones and the duchies of Athens and Neopatras.
Etymology:
The word is composed with three Iberian terms: Bena which means little space or piece of land, lur meaning homeland or just home, and nere that is a form of possessive. If we put those words together we get: Benalurnere which evolved to benalure and then to benarlure the root of the final words. Benarlure was first pronounced [benäɾ'luɾɪ] but it evolved to [benäɾ'ɭɘɾe] and [benäɾ'ɭ̩yɾʲe̞] and finally [benaɾ'ʎiɾjɛ]. This is the base of every variation in the benarllirian languages, which comes from the still Iberian speakers from Aragon and Catalonia, specifically east Aragon and west Catalonia, because in the east of Catalonia there were the variations bemalurna [bema'lɜɾne] and bamaluorne [bəma'lʊɾnɛ] and in west Aragon there was the word benetxanere [beɱɪtʃanɛre]. The people from the original area used this since before the Romans arrived and it was meant to be an acclaim to their motherland. We can interpretate that the form benelurnere was a kind of exclamation of the form benere, which was a result of bene+nere, or rather it was an exclamation of lur because the Ibers used two words that defined one around to put attention, importance and admiration to the principal word, and so, bene and nere, which together meant the same that lur, put one word before and the other after lur, is an exaltation of the only word lur. With this approximation, we get that benelurnere means homeland or motherland in an exalted mood. The evolution from benelurnere to benarlure happened in between the 1st century BC until the 7th century AC, and the evolution from benarlure to the rest of terms from the 9th century AC to the 12th century. This second evolution happened because of the romanization of some of the last Iberian speakers and the introduction of the word to the Latin-Catalan speakers. From benarlure the word transformed benerlure [benäɾ'luɾɪ] into benerlliria [beneɾ'ʎiɾiɛ] in western Catalan, and into banarlliria in eastern Catalan [bənəɾ'ʎiɾjə], Occitan [bɔnɔɾ'ʎiɾjɔ] and Aragonese [banaɾ'ʎiɾja], but during time, it neutralized into benarlliria again. The other languages got it either from Catalan or Aragonese and transformed into their own, except, we do not know if Corsican adapted it from the western Catalan or got it from Iberian speakers, of course, because of the /ɛ/ final, not common in that use. In most of the variations the word has lost the first /ɾ/, difficult to pronounce.
Uses:
The word is used to define the lands of Catalonia (southern and northern), Aragon, Valencia, the Balearic islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Naples, the duchies of Athens and Neopatras and even sometimes Occitania. Envolving the Iberian peninsula it's usually used for the Iberian states, home of the Benarllirie word. This could be used for the route maritime from Barcelona, Valencia, Naples or any benarllirian port to Constantinople, trough the silk road, because Bernarllirie was the most powerful of the Mediterranean potences, ruling the Mediterranean sea. It could be said too to refer to a cuisine from, whether just the Iberian ones or maybe all of the benarllirian states, though they had a very similar cuisine, even sharing plates.
References
Memories de Talavera i Rodalies: Cerrades, Pieament
This article "Benarllirie" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Benarllirie. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
