Bessarabia Rusyns
The Bessarabia Rusyns, also known as Bessarabia Galicians or Rayyans were a Rusyn ethnic group who lived in Bessarabia and Bukovina, now part of Ukraine and Moldova.
History
The region of northern Bessarabia had been a part of the Kyivan Rus and its successor state of Galicia–Volhynia. By the 15th century, the region of Bessarabia, alongside area around the Khotyn fortress, were under the rule of Moldavia. The region of Khotyn turned into the main region of Rusyn migration southwards in the Moldavian Principality. In the 16th century, the number of dependent peasants in Moldavia increased due to Rusyns taken into captivity from the regions of Pokuttia, Galicia and Podolia by Moldavian hospodars. At the same time there was a wave of Rusyn migration to Moldavia because of religious oppression in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1][2]
The Treaty of Bucharest was signed in 1812 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, ceding the area of Bessarabia to the latter. Rusyns are not mentioned specifically during this time, instead calling them "Little Russians". The "List of Populated Areas of the Bessarabian Region" published by the Statistical Committee listed among the ethnic groups inhabiting Bessarabia "Galicians" (Galicians). It was noted that the Rusyns lived primarily in the Khotinsky Uyezd, where they made up around three-fifths of the local population. Rusyns also made up a significant number of the population in Soroksky Uyezd, Beletsky Uyezd and Orgeyevsky Uyezd, with the rest of Bessarabia having a less significant number of Rusyn inhabitants.[3]
The Bessarabia News (Russian: Бессарабский вестник; Bessarabsky Vestnik) in 1903 pointed out that: "Rusyns inhabit almost all the villages of Khotyn and some villages along the Prut River in Beletsky Uyezd, primarily in its northern parts. Their total number in the province is no less than 250,000, i.e., 1/8 of the entire population" (Bessarabia 1903: 179).[3]
It is estimated that the Rusyn population of early 20th century Bessarabia was 250,000. This estimate is not limited to Rusyns living in northern Bessarabia and Bukovina.[4]
During the Soviet period the ethnonym Rusyn was banned and the study of Rusyn history as a distinct subject ceased. In the 1950s a program of Ukrainization of the Rusyn population in the Ukrainian SSR and Moldovan SSR took place, which has led to the loss of Rusyn identity in the region of Bessarabia.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ Victor, Damian (2013). "The influence of the foreign policy of Moldavian hospodars on migration and demographic processes on Moldavian–Ukrainian ethnic frontier (30s – 80s of the XVIth century)". Revista de Etnologie Şi Culturologie: 116–120.
- ↑ антропология, этнология и (2006-01-11). "РУСИНЫ МОЛДАВИИ". HKS - Hospodářská a kulturní studia (in čeština). 1 (2006). Archived from the original on 2026-01-14.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sulyak, Sergey G. (2015-01-01). "РУСИНЫ БЕССАРАБИИ В XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX В.: К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ". Rusin: 97–98. doi:10.17223/18572685/39/7.
- ↑ Sulyak, Sergey G. (2015-01-01). "РУСИНЫ БЕССАРАБИИ В XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX В.: К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ". Rusin. doi:10.17223/18572685/39/7.
- ↑ Sulyak, Sergey (August 2018). "Русины Молдавии: яркое прошлое и туманное будущее". Slavic Eurasian Studies.
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