Biomechanical Stimulation (BMS)
Biomechanical stimulation (BMS) is a term generally used for localised biomechanical oscillation methods, whereby local muscle groups are stimulated directly or via the associated tendons by means of special hand held mechanical vibration devices. Biomechanical oscillation therapy and training is offered in a variety of areas such as (competitive sports.[1], fitness, rehabilitation[2], medicine[3], prevention, beauty, veterinary & equine care) and used to improve performance of the muscles and to improve coordination and balance. It is often used in the Myofascial trigger point therapy concept to invoke reciprocal inhibition within the musculoskeletal system.
Beneficial effects from this type of stimulation have been found to exist, the efficacy of the BMS Matrix therapy was proven in a independent study.[4] carried out by TÜV-Süd which was commissioned by German health insurer BKK Gesundheit.
What is biomechanical stimulation[edit]
The aim of biomechanical stimulation treatment is to restore the health and vitally of the muscles, fascia and tendons in the affected tissues.
The muscular rhythm can be imitated from outside the body through biomechanical stimulation (BMS) via Matrix Therapy[5][6] applying the oscillation rhythms along the longitudinal muscle fibres. As is known of energetically open systems (Prigogine 1987), the natural frequency of a vibrational system (muscles) adjusts to the vibration of an external pathogen or assumes its rhythm. The muscular rhythm[7] can be imitated and stimulated externally by an appropriate vibration entry. This mechanical stimulation must be related to the biological vibration patterns of the muscles[8]. A biological frequency window of 8 Hz to 30 Hz[5][9] and an amplitude window of 0.1 to 5 mm must be adhered to. The vibration input occurs in the longitudinal direction of the musculature.
Physiotherapists and massage therapists work with biomechanical stimulation (BMS) with rhythm, microcirculation and metabolism – the physiological building blocks of regeneration. BMS distinguishes itself from many therapeutic measures in physiotherapy which are based on the simple stimulus-response[10] principle. It also differs from many conventional vibration applications which are often applied vertical to the musculature on the tissue and work with frequencies in a range far greater than the upper biological frequency limit of 30 Hz[9]
History[edit]
Since the 19th century, physicians around the world have used different forms of vibration or muscle stimulation.
Vibrating massage aids have long been tested in medicine. In 1869, the US-American George Taylor used a device for vibration therapy of the arm and back.
Jean-Martin Charcot experimented around 1880 with a vibrating chair for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Gustav Zander (Sweden) developed more than 70 different steam-powered devices for mechano-therapy .
John Harvey Kellogg used vibrating chairs and vibrating manipulators for his arms and legs in his Battle Creek sanatorium.
In 1960, the East German W. Biermann published the effect of so-called "cyclic oscillations"[11] on the human body.
Around 1970, Vladimir Nazarov[12] , a member of the Soviet gymnastics team, tried to transfer Biermann's idea into practicable training methods for which the terms biomechanical stimulation (BMS) and biomechanical oscillation have since become established.
Siegfried Hofmann, a German sports scientist encountered the Nazarov BMS concept during a sports event and developed the first device in West Germany. He also created a special form of the oscillating head (resonator) in the form of an Archimedean spiral.
To date, many and various names have been given to this BMS concept: bio-mechanical stimulation, bio-mechanical muscle stimulation, Nazarov stimulation, neuromuscular stimulation, Matrix Therapy[5], ZRT[13][14], MRT, matrix rhythmus therapie, to name a few.
Recent years[edit]
In recent years, rehabilitation programmes, various physiotherapists and massage therapists have begun to realize – and focus on – the biological value of physiological processes[15] which take place within an organism. Diverse levels of energy, electricity, charge, pressure and traction forces regulate the preferential absorption, amplification, modulation, transformation, and transmission of different wavelengths. Pressure and traction forces are correlated with specific rhythms of frequency patterns. The Biomechanical stimulation of Matrix Therapy goes beyond the traditional sense of micro-vibrations that are produced by skeletal muscles and transmitted to the surrounding tissue.
A Independent study of BMS matrix therapy[5] was carried out and conducted by TÜV-Süd under the direction of Dr Olaf Otto and Dr Bernhard Dickreiter[16], in November 2011 it reported on the long-term effects of matrix therapy that was applied to a collective of 470 chronic pain patients. Over 70% of these patients experienced a reduction in pain to less than 50% of baseline levels after the fifth treatment. In most patients, this effect was sustainable. Even after one year, most patients were able to do without any chemical painkillers. Conclusion, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of BMS matrix therapy could thus be demonstrated in a collective of chronic pain patients.[4]
Current research[edit]
Muscle regeneration through mechanical stimulation[17] may one day replace or enhance drug- and cell-based regenerative treatments, according to a new study by a team of engineers and biomedical scientists at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). They found that direct stimulation of muscle tissue increases the transport of oxygen, nutrients, fluids, and waste removal from the site of the injury, which are all vital components of muscle health and repair.
References[edit]
- ↑ "Nie mehr Rückenschmerzen Sanfte Erfolgsstrategien gegen ein quälendes Volksleiden" [No more back pain] (PDF) (in German). Germany: BIO Ritter GmbH. June 2009. p. 30.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Siegmund, Lee Anne; Barkley, Jacob E.; Knapp, Danielle; Peer, Kimberly S. (2014-01-15). "Acute Effects of Local Vibration With Biomechanical Muscle Stimulation on Low-Back Flexibility and Perceived Stiffness". Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 6 (1). doi:10.3928/19425864-20140115-01. ISSN 1942-5864.
- ↑ Klyscz, Thomas; Ritter-Schempp, Claudia; Jünger, Michael; Rassner, Gernot (1997-05-01). "Biomechanische Stimulationstherapie (BMS) zur physikalischen Behandlung des arthrogenen Stauungssyndroms*". Der Hautarzt (in Deutsch). 48 (5): 318–322. doi:10.1007/s001050050589. ISSN 0017-8470.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Otto, Olaf; Dickreiter, Bernhard; Schuhmacher, Jane (2011). "Matrix-Therapie - Ergebnisse einer Therapiestudie" [Matrix Therapy - Results of a Therapy Study] (pdf). zellmatrix-ademie.de (in German).CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Matrix-Therapie – Theorie und Methodik" [Matrix Therapy - Theory and Methodology]. VPT Verband Physikalische Therapie (in German). VPT Association of Physical Therapists (Germany). March 2012. Retrieved 2018-05-04.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Dickreiter, B. (November 2004). "Rückenschmerzen - eine bedeutsame Volkskrankheit". Erfahrungsheilkunde (in Deutsch). 53 (11): 687–693. doi:10.1055/s-2004-834428. ISSN 0014-0082.
- ↑ Gallasch; Moser; Kozlovskaya; Noordergraaf; Kenner (July 1997). "Effects of an eight-day space flight on microvibration and physiological tremor". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.
- ↑ Petenyi, A., 1998. Oszillation der Quergestreiften Skelettmuskulatur während isometrischer Kontraktion. Abhängigkeit der Oszillationsqualität von der Größe der Kraftentwicklung, Alter, Krankheit, Trainingszustand und weiteren Individualfaktoren. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Medizinischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rohracher, Hubert (1964). "Comments on "A resonance theory of 'Microvibrations' "". Psychological Review. 71 (6): 524–525. doi:10.1037/h0044942. ISSN 0033-295X.
- ↑ Wilder, J., 2014. Stimulus and response: The law of initial value. Elsevier.
- ↑ https://journals.lww.com/ajpmr/Citation/1960/12000/Influence_of_Cycloid_Vibration_Massage_on_Trunk.1.aspx
- ↑ "Facts über die Biomechanische Stimulation". healthtribune.tv. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
- ↑ "ZRT -Matrixtherapie. Zellbiologische Regeneration beim Leistungssportler. // Medizintechnik - PDF". docplayer.org. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
- ↑ "Naturheilkundliches, biologisches Konzept: Behandlung von unspezifischen Schmerzen und Bewegungsstörungen - PDF". docplayer.org. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
- ↑ Randoll, U. G. "Die Bedeutung von Regulation und Rhythmus für ärztliche Diagnostik und Therapie." Gesundheit und Krankheit aus der Sicht der Wissenschaften. Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart (1993).
- ↑ jointsurgeon (2012-09-15). "ZRT®-Matrix-Therapy: Chronic Pain Treatment and Enhancing Postsurgical Recovery". www.joint-surgeon.com. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
- ↑ "Mechanical stimulation shown to repair muscle". Harvard Gazette. 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
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