Black Coyote
| Black Coyote | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| 💀Died | December 1890 Pine Ridge, South DakotaDecember 1890 |
| 🏳️ Nationality | Miniconjou Lakota |
| 💼 Occupation | |
Black Coyote (name sometimes given as Black Fox)[1] was a Lakota man who refused to give up his weapon at the battle of Wounded Knee and is believed to have unintentionally triggered the massacre.[2][3][4]
Wounded Knee[edit]
In an account from an Indian, Turning Hawk, who was present at the massacre and was sympathetic to the U.S. Government, claimed that Black Coyote was "a crazy man, a young man of very bad influence, and in fact a nobody." (New York Times, February 12, 1891 "Indians Tell Their Story" - retold in 1975[5])
Another account from 1LT James D. Mann detailed the massacre, and the following unattributed supplement was added to the journal after his death (Mann died two weeks following the Wounded Knee Massacre of wounds he obtained at the Drexel Mission Fight):
... Mann failed to mention ...Black Coyote, a youth who was later recalled by his own people as a troublemaker. He stood waving his rifle, declaring that he had given money for it and no one was going to take it unless he was paid....[citation needed]
Modern historians, including Dee Brown, author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, have suggested that Black Coyote was deaf, and that he owned a new Winchester rifle.[6] Survivor Wasumaza, one of Big Foot's warriors who later changed his name to Dewey Beard, recalled Black Coyote was unable to hear, “If they had left him alone he was going to put his gun down where he should. They grabbed him and spinned him in the east direction. He was still unconcerned even then. He hadn’t his gun pointed at anyone. His intention was to put that gun down. They came on and grabbed the gun that he was going to put down. Right after they spun him around there was the report of a gun, was quite loud. I couldn’t say that anyone was shot, but following that was a crash".[7]
Author Leslie Tillett wrote, "One Indian's gun was fired by accident. I heard that later it belonged to Sitting Bull's deaf-mute son, who couldn't hear the order to disarm. After that shot, the soldiers let loose with everything they had." [8]
Black Coyote died at Wounded Knee.[9]
Depictions in media[edit]
Black Coyote was portrayed by David Midthunder in Hidalgo (2004).[10] Black Coyote was portrayed by Tokala Clifford in the miniseries Into the West (2005).[11]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Historians disagree on last Indian battle". The Courier-Journal. 1973-04-15. p. 20. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ↑ Meagher, Ed (March 10, 1973). "Indian Massacre Recalled". The Spokesman-Review. p. 1. Retrieved August 6, 2009 – via Google News.
- ↑ Early, Tracy (October 13, 1975). "U.S. Settling Indians' Claims". The Ledger. p. 28. Retrieved August 6, 2009 – via Google News.
- ↑ Kyff, Robert S. (December 29, 1990). "Remembering the Horror of Wounded Knee". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 4. Retrieved August 6, 2009 – via Google News.
- ↑ Charlton, Linda (December 30, 1975). "Army Denies a Wounded Knee Massacre". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. 16. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Brown, Dee (2009). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West (Illustrated ed.). New York and Toronto: Sterling Publishing. pp. 521–522. ISBN 978-1-4027-6066-2. Search this book on
- ↑ "On the 120th Anniversary of Wounded Knee". National Institute of the American Indian. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2020-09-28. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Tillett, Leslie, 1915- (March 21, 1989). Wind on the buffalo grass : native American artist-historians. New York, New York. ISBN 0-306-80357-7. OCLC 18950202.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Search this book on
- ↑ "An Old Dilemma: What about the Indians? Militants vs. Tribal Leaders". The Los Angeles Times. 1973-03-11. p. 86. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ↑ Willis, John; Monush, Barry (2006-04-01). Screen World: 2005 Film Annual. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-55783-668-7. Search this book on
- ↑ Marill, Alvin H. (2010-10-11). Movies Made for Television: 2005-2009. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7659-0. Search this book on
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