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Bruno Lechowski

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

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Bruno Lechowski
File:Bruno Lechowski (-1924).jpgBruno_Lechowski_(-1924).jpg Bruno_Lechowski_(-1924).jpg
Bruno Lechowski, c. 1924
Native nameBrunon Bronisław Lechowski
BornBrunon Bronisław Lechowski
(1887-04-04)4 April 1887
Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
💀Died16 October 1941(1941-10-16) (aged 54)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil16 October 1941(1941-10-16) (aged 54)
🏫 EducationAcademy of Fine Arts in Kiev; Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Petersburg
💼 Occupation
Known forLandscape painting, watercolor, scenography
MovementModernism

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Bruno Lechowski (born Brunon Bronisław Lechowski, 4 April 1887 – 16 October 1941), sometimes spelled Bruno Lechowsky, was a Polish painter, draftsman, scenographer[lower-alpha 1] and teacher who settled in Brazil.

Lechowski trained in Kiev and Saint Petersburg and worked in Warsaw before leaving Poland in the 1920s. He reached Brazil during a journey around the world, exhibited in Rio de Janeiro in 1926 and settled there in 1931.[1]

In Rio de Janeiro, he worked as a painter and teacher. He was connected with the Núcleo Bernardelli[lower-alpha 2], a group formed in 1931 by artists who wanted distance from the official teaching model of the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes.[lower-alpha 3] Quirino Campofiorito later wrote that Lechowski taught outdoor painting, pure color[lower-alpha 4] and spontaneous drawing, lessons he saw in the work of younger Núcleo artists, including José Pancetti, Yoshiya Takaoka and Yuji Tamaki.[2][3][4]

His Brazilian work includes watercolors, landscapes, city views and still lifes. The Museu Nacional de Belas Artes[lower-alpha 5] in Rio de Janeiro and the Museu Oscar Niemeyer[lower-alpha 6] in Curitiba hold works by him.[5][6][7]

Early life and education

Lechowski was born in Warsaw[lower-alpha 7] on 4 April 1887.[1] He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kiev, then continued his training in Saint Petersburg, where he completed his studies in 1913.[1]

Career

Poland

After returning to Warsaw, Lechowski taught at the School of Fine Arts.[1] He exhibited from about 1911 in Saint Petersburg, Kraków and Warsaw, including at the Art Salon of Feliks Richling and at the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts.[1]

Before he settled in Brazil, Lechowski worked as a painter and scenographer. He worked with the Studya Theatre of Stanisława Wysocka in Kiev during the 1916–1917 season, with a theatre in Łódź during the 1918–1919 season, and with Warsaw theatres including Reduta and Stołeczny from 1919 to 1921.[8]

He designed sets for early Polish films, including Lokaj (1919), Blanc et noir (1919), Za trzy spojrzenia (1922) and Krzyk w nocy (1922).[9]

Journey to Brazil

In the early 1920s, Lechowski developed the idea of an International House of the Artist, where artists from different fields could live and support themselves through their work.[1][10][11] In 1924, he accepted a wager to travel around the world, pay his own way and communicate only in Polish.[12][11]

The journey took him to South America. He exhibited in Rio de Janeiro in 1926 and later settled in Brazil.[1][5] After time in Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba[lower-alpha 8] in the late 1920s, he settled in Rio in 1931.[2] He returned briefly to Poland in 1931 to show works made abroad, then spent the rest of his life in Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil and the Núcleo Bernardelli

In Brazil, Lechowski worked as a painter, draftsman and teacher. He exhibited at the Palace Hotel gallery in Rio de Janeiro in 1931.[13]

Lechowski worked with the Núcleo Bernardelli, a group formed in Rio de Janeiro in 1931 by artists who wanted distance from the official teaching model of the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes. Older than many of its members and trained in academic painting, he became a mentor and technical guide for the group.[2][3][14]

The Núcleo Bernardelli had no fixed hierarchy and focused on improving painting technique. Lechowski was listed with members including José Pancetti, Milton Dacosta, Quirino Campofiorito, Joaquim Tenreiro, Edson Motta, Yoshiya Takaoka and Yuji Tamaki.[2][15]

Lechowski taught outdoor painting, strong color, free drawing and firm composition. Quirino Campofiorito later compared him with the German painter Georg Grimm, who had encouraged students at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts[lower-alpha 9] to paint landscapes outdoors. Campofiorito wrote that Lechowski joined purity of color with spontaneity of drawing, especially in the work of Pancetti, Takaoka and Tamaki.[2]

Style and work

Lechowski's Brazilian work included watercolors, landscapes, city views and still lifes. In Brazil, he used stronger color and looser handling while keeping the structure of his academic training.[3][5]

He painted landscapes and urban views of Rio de Janeiro, including the 1939 watercolor Rio de Janeiro, capital of beauty.[5]

Death

Lechowski died in Rio de Janeiro on 16 October 1941.[1] In 1942, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes held a posthumous exhibition of his work.[16]

Collections and exhibitions

The Museu Nacional de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro and the Museu Oscar Niemeyer in Curitiba hold works by Lechowski.[6][7] The Museu Nacional de Belas Artes holds Rio de Janeiro, Capital da Beleza[lower-alpha 10], a 1939 watercolor on paper measuring 62 by 80 cm (24 by 31 in).[6]

The Museu Oscar Niemeyer has exhibited works from its own collection and from Lechowski's family collection.[3] In 2024–2025, its exhibition Afinidades III: Cochicho[lower-alpha 11] included Lechowski with Guido Viaro, Miguel Bakun, Guilherme William Michaud and Theodoro de Bona in a group of artists from Paraná represented in the museum's collection.[7]

The Museu de Arte do Rio[lower-alpha 12] included Lechowski in A cor do Brasil[lower-alpha 13], an exhibition on Brazilian modern art. The exhibition grouped Henrique Bernardelli, Lechowski, José Pancetti, Milton Dacosta, Quirino Campofiorito and Joaquim Tenreiro in a section on modernity and artistic autonomy.[17]

In 1991–1992, Bruno Lechowski: A Arte como Missão[lower-alpha 14] was shown on the fiftieth anniversary of his death and the 120th anniversary of Polish immigration to Brazil. The exhibition traveled to the Museu de Arte do Paraná in Curitiba, the Museu Lasar Segall in São Paulo and the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro.[18][2]

Selected works

  • Paisagem com Árvores, 1925.[19]
  • Renque de palmeiras, 1927.[20]
  • Praia de Copacabana, 1936.
  • Rio de Janeiro, Capital da Beleza, 1939, Museu Nacional de Belas Artes.[6][5]
  • Vaso com flores, before 1941.[20]

Gallery


See also

Notes

  1. ↑ A scenographer designs the visual setting for theatre, film or performance. The work can include sets, painted backdrops, furniture, props and the overall look of the stage or screen.
  2. ↑ Núcleo means "nucleus" or "core" in Portuguese. The Núcleo Bernardelli was an artists' group in Rio de Janeiro, named for the painter Henrique Bernardelli, that offered a path outside the official art-school system.
  3. ↑ Escola Nacional de Belas Artes means "National School of Fine Arts". It was the main official art school in Rio de Janeiro and grew out of Brazil's older academic art institutions.
  4. ↑ In art writing, "pure color" usually means clear, strong color used with little muddying or gray mixing.
  5. ↑ Museu Nacional de Belas Artes means "National Museum of Fine Arts". It is a major art museum in Rio de Janeiro.
  6. ↑ The Museu Oscar Niemeyer is an art museum in Curitiba, Paraná. It is named after Oscar Niemeyer, the Brazilian architect who designed many modernist buildings in Brazil and abroad.
  7. ↑ When Lechowski was born, Warsaw was part of Congress Poland, a Polish territory under the Russian Empire. Poland did not regain independence as a state until 1918.
  8. ↑ Curitiba is the capital of Paraná, a state in southern Brazil. Paraná received many European immigrants, including Polish immigrants, from the nineteenth century onward.
  9. ↑ The Imperial Academy of Fine Arts was Brazil's main art academy during the imperial period. It trained many artists in the official academic style before the rise of modernist groups and independent art circles.
  10. ↑ Rio de Janeiro, Capital da Beleza means "Rio de Janeiro, Capital of Beauty".
  11. ↑ Afinidades means "affinities" in Portuguese. Cochicho means a whisper or quiet murmur.
  12. ↑ Museu de Arte do Rio means "Rio Art Museum". It is a museum in Rio de Janeiro devoted to the city's art, history and visual culture.
  13. ↑ A cor do Brasil means "The Color of Brazil".
  14. ↑ A Arte como Missão means "Art as Mission".

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Bruno Lechowski". Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural de Arte e Cultura Brasileira (in português). Itaú Cultural. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Depoimento de Quirino Campofiorito". Documents of Latin American and Latino Art. International Center for the Arts of the Americas, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Bruno Lechowski". Museu Oscar Niemeyer (in português). Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  4. ↑ Kirstein, Lincoln. The Latin-American Collection of the Museum of Modern Art (PDF). New York: Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 27 May 2026. Search this book on
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Everything the Eye can See: Views of Rio de Janeiro and its Hills". Google Arts & Culture. Museu Nacional de Belas Artes. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "File:Bruno Lechowski - Rio de Janeiro, Capital da Beleza.jpg". Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Afinidades III - Cochicho". Museu Oscar Niemeyer. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  8. ↑ "Bruno Lechowski". Encyklopedia teatru polskiego (in polski). Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  9. ↑ "Bruno Lechowski". FilmPolski.pl (in polski). Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera w Łodzi. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  10. ↑ "Zakład życia czyli burzliwe losy Brunona Lechowskiego, malarza i podróżnika". Polskie Radio (in polski). 13 October 2025. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Jankowska, Aleksandra Sara (8 February 2024). "Osobliwa podróż ekscentrycznego twórcy i jego dzieła w Muzeum Dyplomacji i Uchodźstwa Polskiego. O akwarelach Brunona Lechowskiego (1887–1941)". Muzeum Dyplomacji i Uchodźstwa Polskiego (in polski). Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  12. ↑ Bożek, Mateusz (19 January 2024). "Krakowski przewodnik ruszy w podróż dookoła świata śladami swojego krewnego". Radio Kraków (in polski). Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  13. ↑ Cabral, Juliana Sabatino Duarte (2021). Paulo Gagarin (1885–1980), o meio artístico carioca impressionista no início do século XX e a exposição de arte moderna francesa no Palace Hotel em 1928 (PDF) (Undergraduate thesis) (in português). Escola de Belas Artes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  14. ↑ "Traces of Polish Culture in Brazil". Culture.pl. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  15. ↑ "Prefácio: o Núcleo Bernardelli". Documents of Latin American and Latino Art. International Center for the Arts of the Americas, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  16. ↑ "Bruno Lechowski". Polonidade no Brasil (in português). 24 September 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  17. ↑ "A cor do Brasil". Museu de Arte do Rio (in português). Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  18. ↑ "Bruno Lechowski - A Arte como Missão". Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural de Arte e Cultura Brasileira (in português). Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  19. ↑ "Paisagem com árvores". Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural de Arte e Cultura Brasileira (in português). Retrieved 11 May 2026.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Category:Bruno Lechowski". Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 11 May 2026.

Further reading

  • Morais, Frederico (1982). Núcleo Bernardelli: Arte Brasileira nos Anos 30 e 40 (in português). Rio de Janeiro: Pinakotheke. Search this book on
  • Cavalcanti, Lauro, ed. (2001). Quando o Brasil era moderno: artes plásticas no Rio de Janeiro, 1905–1960 (in português). Rio de Janeiro: Aeroplano. Search this book on
  • Herkenhoff, Paulo (2009). 5 Visões do Rio na Coleção Fadel (in português). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Hecilda e Sergio Fadel. Search this book on

External links


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