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Casa Leuzinger

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Casa Leuzinger
Rua Direita, esquina com rua do Ouvidor, onde se localizava a Casa Leuzinger (014GLAS109).jpg
File:Rua Direita, esquina com rua do Ouvidor, onde se localizava a Casa Leuzinger (014GLAS109).jpg
Rua Direita at the corner with Rua do Ouvidor, where Casa Leuzinger was located, c. 1866
Graphic arts and photography business
ISIN🆔
IndustryPublishing, printing, lithography, photography
Founded 📆1840
Founder 👔George Leuzinger
Headquarters 🏙️Rua do Ouvidor, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
Area served 🗺️
Products 📟 Books, periodicals, lithographs, photographs, albums, stationery, official publications
Members
Number of employees
🌐 Website[Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). ] 
📇 Address
📞 telephone

Casa Leuzinger[lower-alpha 1] was a nineteenth-century Brazilian business in Rio de Janeiro that worked in printing, publishing, lithography,[lower-alpha 2] bookbinding and photography. It was founded in 1840 by George Leuzinger, a Swiss-born printer, publisher and photographer who settled in Brazil.[1][2]

The business began as a stationery and bookbinding shop on Rua do Ouvidor,[lower-alpha 3] then one of Rio de Janeiro's main streets for bookshops, publishers and printing workshops. It later added typography,[lower-alpha 4] engraving, lithography, bookbinding, photography, and the sale of prints, albums, periodicals, official publications and stationery.[1][3]

Casa Leuzinger continued after Leuzinger's death in 1892. A fire in 1897 destroyed much of its archive. Material linked to the firm is now held in Brazilian and international collections.[1][3]

History

File:George Leuzinger.jpg
George Leuzinger, founder of Casa Leuzinger, photographed by Joaquim José Insley Pacheco, c. 1863.

George Leuzinger arrived in Rio de Janeiro from Switzerland in 1832, aged 19, to work for Leuzinger & Cia.,[lower-alpha 5] an import and export firm owned by his uncle Jean-Jacques Leuzinger.[1][2] After the firm was liquidated in 1840, he bought a stationery and bookbinding shop from the Swiss immigrant Jean-Charles Bouvier and opened his own business on 1 July 1840 at Rua do Ouvidor, a historic street in imperial Rio de Janeiro,[lower-alpha 6] famous for its bookshops, publishers, printers, cafés and photography studios.[2][1][4] The first address was Rua do Ouvidor, 36. Leuzinger later acquired the shop numbered 33, later renumbered 31, where he ran the stationery business.[2][5]

Over the next decades, the shop grew into a set of workshops and commercial operations under the Leuzinger name. Its work included stationery, typography, lithography, bookbinding, engraving, printed images and photography.[1][2]

The business expanded as Rio de Janeiro's market for illustrated books, travel literature, prints and periodicals grew. The number of publishing houses in the city rose from eight in 1847 to seventeen in 1891. Leuzinger was especially active in lithographs, with printed views of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil sold in local and foreign markets.[1]

Publishing and lithography

File:Panorama da baía do Rio de Janeiro, da Coleção Brasiliana Iconográfica.jpg
Panorama da baía do Rio de Janeiro, published by Casa Leuzinger in 1845.

Casa Leuzinger's first major editorial work was the six-part Panorama da baía do Rio de Janeiro,[lower-alpha 7] published in 1845. Alfred Martinet drew the city in the background, and Lieutenant Warre drew the boats in the foreground. Heaton & Rensburg printed the panorama in Rio de Janeiro.[1]

In the 1850s, Leuzinger began publishing lithographs based on daguerreotypes[lower-alpha 8] and drawings. In many of these views, Martinet drew the foreground while the landscape came from a daguerreotype. Some prints were produced in Paris by Lemercier, which helped them circulate in Europe.[1]

The firm printed German-language periodicals, Brazilian newspapers, exhibition catalogues and official publications. It printed the 1872 Recenseamento Geral do Império,[lower-alpha 9] the first general census of Brazil, and published the catalogue of the Exhibition of the History of Brazil held at the National Library in 1881–82.[1] The 1872 census volumes carry the imprint of Leuzinger & Filhos[lower-alpha 10] on Rua do Ouvidor in Rio de Janeiro.[6]

Photography

File:Rio de Janeiro from the morro do Castelo by Leuzinger 1865.jpg
Rio de Janeiro from the Morro do Castelo, c. 1865.
File:George Leuzinger - Aqueduto da Carioca (Arcos da Lapa).jpg
Aqueduto da Carioca, or Arcos da Lapa, c. 1865.

By the 1860s, Casa Leuzinger had a photographic studio and sold photographs alongside its printed work. It produced its own photographs and also sold works by photographers such as Marc Ferrez and Christoph Albert Frisch.[2]

Franz Keller-Leuzinger, a German engineer, cartographer, painter and draftsman who married Leuzinger's daughter Sabine Christine, probably directed the photographic studio.[1][2] The studio photographed public buildings, churches, harbors, hills, forests, streets, panoramas, Niterói, the Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis and the Tijuca Forest.[2]

Surviving photographs credited to Casa Leuzinger include views of Lapa, the customs house, the Carioca Aqueduct, Cosme Velho and Botafogo.[7] A volume of Cadernos de Fotografia Brasileira[lower-alpha 11] is devoted to Leuzinger and early photography in Brazil, with material on Augusto Stahl, Revert Henry Klumb and Marc Ferrez.[8]

Artists and collaborators

Casa Leuzinger worked with draftsmen, lithographers, photographers, engineers, publishers and image sellers. In the 1850s, Alfred Martinet worked on lithographic views published by the house, often drawing foreground figures over landscapes taken from daguerreotypes.[1]

Marc Ferrez was connected to the firm early in his career. After returning to Rio de Janeiro in 1859, he apprenticed with Leuzinger as a lithographer before learning photography from Franz Keller.[9] Casa Leuzinger later sold Ferrez's photographs.[2]

Albert Frisch also worked for Casa Leuzinger in the 1860s. Leuzinger hired him in 1865 for the photographic studio. Frisch photographed Rio de Janeiro and nearby areas before traveling to the Amazon in 1867.[10]

Amazon expedition and Albert Frisch

In 1867, Leuzinger sent Albert Frisch to the Amazon with Franz Keller-Leuzinger and Joseph Keller. The Keller brothers had been commissioned by the Brazilian government to carry out preparatory studies for the proposed Madeira-Mamoré Railroad.[2][11]

Frisch photographed the Rio Solimões,[lower-alpha 12] the Rio Negro, Indigenous communities, river scenes, vegetation and fauna. He made about 120 images during the expedition.[10] In 1869, Casa Leuzinger published Resultat d'une expédition photographique sur le Solimões ou Alto Amazonas et Rio Negro,[lower-alpha 13] a catalogue of Frisch's Amazon photographs.[2][10] A photograph from the series, Taba de índios, Amazonas,[lower-alpha 14] is an example of that collection that is held internationally.[12]

Exhibitions and awards

Photographs produced by the Leuzinger studio received an honourable mention at the Paris Exposition Universelle[lower-alpha 15] in 1867 for a panorama taken from the Ilha das Cobras.[2]

Casa Leuzinger also took part in the fourth Brazilian National Exhibition[lower-alpha 16] with an album containing four photogravures[lower-alpha 17] printed by Goupil in Paris, together with photographs of Indigenous subjects and Amazonian landscapes.[13] Leuzinger's Amazon images were also used in exhibition material connected with the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873.[14]

Later history and collections

Casa Leuzinger remained active after George Leuzinger's death in 1892. In 1897, a fire destroyed much of the firm's archive.[1]

Material from the firm is now kept in Brazilian and international collections. The Instituto Moreira Salles has the largest group of works by George Leuzinger and Albert Frisch, with more than 500 items. It also has 290 family papers, images and letters gathered by Leuzinger's son Paul from 1850 to 1903.[3]

Internationally, works are held by the British Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Library of Congress and the J. Paul Getty Museum.[15][16][17][18][19][20]

The material ranges from printed panoramas, lithographs, albums and official publications to carte-de-visite[lower-alpha 18] portraits, studio photographs and landscape views. It includes photographs published by Leuzinger, portraits of Brazilian street vendors and Indigenous sitters from the 1860s and 1870s, images from the Teresa Cristina collection, views of the Tijuca Forest and Barra da Tijuca, and albumen silver prints[lower-alpha 19] such as Église de S. Francisco de Paula, Rio de Janeiro, dated 1865–75.[lower-alpha 20] Together, these works show nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro, the Amazon, imperial institutions, urban streets, forests, harbors, Indigenous subjects and commercial life in Brazil.[3][7][16][17][18][19][20]

Selected publications and works

  • Panorama da baía do Rio de Janeiro, 1845
  • Rio de Janeiro et ses environs,[lower-alpha 21] c. 1868
  • Resultat d'une expédition photographique sur le Solimões ou Alto Amazonas et Rio Negro, 1869
  • Caminho de Ferro de D. Isabel,[lower-alpha 22] 1875
  • Recenseamento Geral do Império, 1872
  • Catálogo da Exposição de História do Brasil,[lower-alpha 23] 1881–82

Gallery

  • Port of Rio de Janeiro, 1866
    Port of Rio de Janeiro, 1866
  • Panorama do Rio de Janeiro, Pão de Açúcar ao fundo
    Panorama do Rio de Janeiro, Pão de Açúcar ao fundo
  • Largo de São Francisco, with the former Royal Military Academy highlighted
    Largo de São Francisco, with the former Royal Military Academy highlighted
  • Largo do Paço visto do morro do Castelo
    Largo do Paço visto do morro do Castelo
  • Palácio Imperial de São Cristóvão, now the National Museum of Brazil
    Palácio Imperial de São Cristóvão, now the National Museum of Brazil
  • Error creating thumbnail:
    Pedra da Gávea a partir da Barra da Tijuca

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Casa means "house" in Portuguese. In nineteenth-century Brazilian business names, it often meant a shop, firm or commercial house, not a private home.
  2. ↑ Lithography is a printing method that uses a prepared stone or metal plate. In the nineteenth century, it was widely used for maps, city views, portraits and illustrated books.
  3. ↑ Rua do Ouvidor means "Ombudsman's Street" or "Magistrate's Street." In nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro, it was a busy commercial and cultural street, especially known for shops, publishing and photography.
  4. ↑ Here, typography means setting and printing text with type. It does not mean only the modern choice of fonts.
  5. ↑ Cia. is the Portuguese abbreviation for Companhia, meaning "Company".
  6. ↑ Imperial Rio de Janeiro means the city during the Empire of Brazil, when Rio de Janeiro was the country's capital and the seat of the emperor.
  7. ↑ The Portuguese title means "Panorama of the Bay of Rio de Janeiro."
  8. ↑ A daguerreotype was an early photograph made on a silver-coated metal plate. Each one was a single image, not a print that could be easily copied.
  9. ↑ The Portuguese title means "General Census of the Empire." It was the first general census of Brazil, taken while the country was still a monarchy.
  10. ↑ Filhos means "sons" in Portuguese. The name indicated a family business.
  11. ↑ The Portuguese title means "Brazilian Photography Notebooks." It is the name of a publication series from the Instituto Moreira Salles.
  12. ↑ In Brazil, the upper stretch of the Amazon River is commonly called the Solimões until it meets the Rio Negro near Manaus.
  13. ↑ The French title means "Result of a photographic expedition on the Solimões, or Upper Amazon, and Rio Negro."
  14. ↑ The title can be read as "Indigenous village, Amazonas." Taba is a word used in Brazil for an Indigenous village or settlement.
  15. ↑ The Exposition Universelle was a world's fair. These large international exhibitions showed industry, art, technology, science and culture from many countries.
  16. ↑ Brazilian National Exhibitions were public fairs where the country displayed industry, art, science and other work. They also helped prepare material for international exhibitions.
  17. ↑ Photogravure is a printing process that turns a photographic image into an image printed from an etched plate. It was used before modern photographic reproduction became common.
  18. ↑ A carte-de-visite was a small photograph mounted on a card. In the nineteenth century, people often exchanged or collected them much like calling cards.
  19. ↑ An albumen silver print is a photograph printed on paper coated with egg white and light-sensitive silver salts. It was one of the main photographic printing methods of the nineteenth century.
  20. ↑ The French title means "Church of Saint Francis of Paula, Rio de Janeiro."
  21. ↑ The French title means "Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings."
  22. ↑ The Portuguese title means "D. Isabel Railway." D. abbreviates Dona, a title used for women of high rank.
  23. ↑ The Portuguese title means "Catalogue of the Exhibition of the History of Brazil."

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Equipe Brasiliana Iconográfica. "Georges Leuzinger editor". Brasiliana Iconográfica (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Martins, Vinicius (24 October 2015). "O editor e fotógrafo suíço Georges Leuzinger (1813–1892)". Brasiliana Fotográfica (in português). Fundação Biblioteca Nacional; Instituto Moreira Salles. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Georges Leuzinger". Instituto Moreira Salles (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  4. ↑ Pestarino, Julieta (2022). "George Leuzinger y su trabajo de edición en Brasil". Amerika (in español) (26). doi:10.4000/amerika.15697. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  5. ↑ "Rua Direita, esquina com rua do Ouvidor, onde se localizava a Casa Leuzinger". Brasiliana Fotográfica Digital (in português). Fundação Biblioteca Nacional; Instituto Moreira Salles. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  6. ↑ "Recenseamento Geral do Brazil 1872" (PDF). Memória Estatística do Brasil (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Navegação Brasiliana Fotográfica Digital por autor: Casa Leuzinger". Brasiliana Fotográfica Digital (in português). Fundação Biblioteca Nacional; Instituto Moreira Salles. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  8. ↑ "Cadernos de Fotografia Brasileira – Georges Leuzinger". Instituto Moreira Salles (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  9. ↑ "ULAN Full Record Display: Marc Ferrez". Getty Research Institute. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Albert Frisch". Instituto Moreira Salles (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  11. ↑ Mauad, Ana Maria (2012). "Fotografia na Amazônia brasileira: entre a missão científica e o mercado de imagens". Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP (in português). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  12. ↑ "Taba de índios, Amazonas". Faculty Digital Archive. New York University Libraries. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  13. ↑ "Cronologia de Georges Leuzinger (1813–1892)". Brasiliana Fotográfica (in português). Fundação Biblioteca Nacional; Instituto Moreira Salles. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  14. ↑ Schuster, Sven (2015). "Brazil at the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873: Producing a Modern Tropical Nation". Historia Crítica (55): 47–69. doi:10.7440/histcrit55.2015.03. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  15. ↑ "George Leuzinger". British Museum. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Studio Portrait: Seated Group portrait of Ten Indigenous people". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Studio Portrait: Female and Male Street Vendors with Baskets on Head, Brazil". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Boa Vista, Tijuca: Right Side". Library of Congress. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "The Chinese View of Tijuca: Tijuca Forest". Library of Congress. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Église de S. Francisco de Paula, Rio de Janeiro". J. Paul Getty Museum. Retrieved 9 May 2026.

Further reading

External links


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