Château de Pierre Scize
The Château de Pierre Scize or Château de Pierre Encise is a now-demolished fortress in Lyon.
It was built on a strategic location in the Middle Ages, facing the Saône at the western entrance to the city, the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of France. Home to the archbishop of Lyon and used as a state prison by Louis XI, it was finally demolished in 1793 after the French Revolution.
The rocky outcrop on which it was built was originally named "Petra incisa", meaning "split stone" or "cut stone", possibly recalling Agrippa's major works to build a Roman road through it.[1][full citation needed] According to Clerjon (1830), the spur of Pierre Scise used to reach as far as the middle of the Saône.[1]
Geology
The Pierre Scisse spur is part of the crystalline base layer on the edge of the Massif central. On the heights overlooking the château, this granite is covered by the sedimentary massif of Les Monts d’Or, with an average altitude of 300 metres, inclined towards the east and shaped into a 'cuesta' which overlooks the Saône river valley by a nearly continuous steep slope from Fourvière to Millery; this slope corresponds to an exhumed fault line scarp.
The crystalline lowest level is found on the left bank of the Saône at the Pierre-Scize gorge and in the riverbed of the Saône, upstream at Île Barbe.[2] That gorge begins at the same altitude as the church of Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens de Vaise (150 metres downstream of the pont Clémenceau in Lyon[3][4] and ends on the same alignment as the Église Saint-Paul (at the same altitude as the Saint-Vincent footbridge[5]).
Further downstream, at the exit to the Pierre Scise gorge, was an outcrop of the Pierre Scise spur, also in the Saône riverbed. It was 85 metres wide by 115 metres long, emerging at around 3 metres above the waterline at average water levels. The central piers of the pont du Change were built against it. Explosives were used to destroy it around 1847.[6]
Location
It is on the Pierre Scise, a rocky granite spur on the right bank (south side) of the Saône at the entrance to the Pierre-Scisse gorge, where the river rushes between the Fourvière hill on the right bank and the la Croix-Rousse hill on the left bank (north side). It looks down on the river from fifty metres above. The quai Pierre-Scize along the river is also named after the spur, at the foot of the remains of the spur.[7][7]
History
During the High Middle Ages the 'bourg de Lyon' was a group of houses without ramparts gathered around Saint-Nizier Church. Another town, the Bourg-Neuf, was between the Pierre-Scise spur and the collegiate church of Église Saint-Paul de Lyon|Saint-Paul.[8] ; le château de Pierre-Scise lui sert de forteresse[9] Later the city's medieval fortifications linked the fortress into the city's defensive systems.[10] - towards the southeast a valley separates the fortress from the heights of the Fourvière, but the walls raised on Gallo-Roman remains linked the fortress to the fort on Fourvière and the Fourvière, Saint-Just and Saint-Irénée districts.[11]
Pierre Scise is located at the western entrance to the city and the route to northern Gaul.[12]
Architecture
History
Construction
Hundred Years War
17th and 18th centuries
Under Richelieu Louis XIII made it a royal residence.[13] At the end of the 18th century it was commanded by M. André de Bory and from 1780 by Claude Espérance de Regnauld-Alleman
Notable prisoners
Quotations about Pierre Scize
Bibliography (in French)
Studies
- Claire Combe, La ville endormie ? Le risque d’inondation à Lyon — Approche géohistorique et systémique du risque de crue en milieu urbain et périurbain (doctoral thesis in geography, planning and urbanism), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007
- Ernest Cuaz (1907). Le Château de Pierre Scize et ses prisonniers. A. Rey. Search this book on
. - C. Pelletier (1980). Châteaux et maisons bourgeoises dans le Rhône. Horvath. Search this book on .
- Clerjon (1830). Histoire de Lyon, depuis sa fondation jusqu'à nos jours (sur archive.org). 3. Lyon: Théodore Laurent. Retrieved 18 February 2020. Search this book on .
- Joseph Vaesen et Étienne Charavay (1887). Lettres de Louis XI, roi de France (sur gallica). 3 - Lettres de Louis XI, 1465-1469. Paris: libr. Renouard. Retrieved 18 February 2020. Search this book on .
- Joseph Vaesen and Étienne Charavay (1909). Lettres de Louis XI, roi de France (sur gallica). 11 - Préface, itinéraire et tables. Paris: libr. Renouard. Retrieved 18 February 2020. Search this book on .
Articles
- Michel Demarcq, 'Pierre-Scize, la Bastille lyonnaise sous la Révolution', Rive gauche, Société d'études d'histoire de Lyon, Rive gauche, no 201, 2012
Other sources
- Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras (1714). Mémoires de Madame la marquise de Fresne. Amsterdam. Search this book on .
- Archives historiques et statistiques du département du Rhône
Historical novels
- Pierre Virès (2004). Les Gueux de Lyon. Éditions des Traboules. ISBN 2-911491-13-0. Search this book on
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 (Clerjon 1830, p. 9, note 1).
- ↑ (Combe 2007, Deuxième partie > chap. 1 > section I.1 : « Avant les Romains : du Tardiglaciaire à l’Holocène - Le site de Lyon »).
- ↑ "Geoportail entry".
- ↑ Amable Audin, 'Le confluent et la croisée de Lyon', Géocarrefour, vol. 22, nos 1-4, 1947, p. 100.
- ↑ Template:Géoportail
- ↑ (sur persee)
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- ↑ (Clerjon 1830, p. 239).
- ↑ (Clerjon 1830, p. 240).
- ↑ . ISBN 978-2-84147-177-5. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ (Clerjon 1830, p. 15).
Category:Fortifications of Lyon
Category:Prisons in Lyon
Category:Defunct prisons in France
Category:Demolished buildings and structures in France
Category:Former castles in France
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