Charles Stiebel
| Charles Stiebel | |
|---|---|
| Born | March 7, 1876 Grosvenor Square, London |
| 💀Died | February 2, 1917 KutFebruary 2, 1917 |
| Burial place | Amara War Cemetery |
| 🏫 Education | Trinity Hall, Cambridge |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| Known for | Medical missionary |
| Notable work | Biography: Charles Stiebel, medical missionary and temporary lieutenant |
| 👩 Spouse(s) | Agatha Stiebel (married 1912) |
| 👶 Children | 2 |
Charles Stiebel (March 7, 1876 – February 2, 1917) was a British physician, and army lieutenant. After training in London he went to India in 1912 to work as a medical missionary for the Salvation Army until his death in 1917. He is best known for his work in the Nagercoil and Anand Gujarat hospitals in South India during the sixth Cholera outbreak.[1] He led the "Cholera Brigade" at the Salvation Army Hospital. He died near Mesopotamia, Iraq during World War I and is buried at the Amara War Cemetery.[2]
Early life and education
Stiebel was born on March 7, 1876 in Grosvenor Square, London to Daniel Charles Stiebel and Ada Juliana (Lousada) Matheson.[3] Born into a Jewish household, he was the middle of five children. His youngest sibling, Leonard died at age 14 and for the remainder of Charles' life, he carried around the last letter he had received from Leonard.[4] It is thought that this death contributed to Charles' troubled childhood and disrupted family dynamics at an early age. Likewise, his parents divorced in 1903. Charles spent his time split between the West End of London and the country.[4]
Growing up, Charles attended the Belmont School in Brighton, UK.[4] During his public school days, he did not get along with his teachers, often spurring arguments and conflict. From there, he continued his education at Clifton College and later Trinity Hall, Cambridge.[5] In 1904, he received his B.S. and M.B. From Cambridge, he went to St. Thomas's Hospital in central London where he worked as a medical student and began his midwifery courses. After St. Thomas's Hospital, Charles craved more experience and thus worked with Dr. C. M. S. in 1908 for several months in Scarborough. His sister, Evelyn, also spent time in Scarborough with him. Stiebel later became the Assistant House Surgeon at the West London Hospital for a little less than two years.[1] Working as a house surgeon, Charles established a loving relationship with the elderly women he aided.[4]
In 1912, Charles married Agatha (formerly Cook) Stiebel in Kensington, London, England.[3] They had two daughters.[citation needed]
Career
In 1906, just after finishing up his work in Cambridge, Stiebel left England to work in South Africa for Dr. D for two years.[4] During his time in South Africa, Stiebel was committed to patient-physician relationships and due to the lack of trained nurses, his team often had to create new surgical techniques such as splints and bed-tents in the field.[4] Also during these two years, Stiebel became invested in his Christian faith, transitioning from Judaism to Christianity.[6] Charles left South Africa to go back to England in February 1908. He made a public statement that more doctors were needed abroad than in England.[4]
On January 12, 1912, Charles and Agatha got engaged and married exactly one month later, on February 12.[3] Charles then left England and arrived in Bombay to work with the Salvation Army in India.[7] He stayed in the Salvation Army Headquarters before getting transferred to the Nagercoil hospital in South India where he was the leader of his team.[8] Charles worked as a medical missionary where he focussed his energy on the socio-economic differences of the time. After about a year at the Nagercoil Hospital, Charles took charge at Anand, Gujarat, and was part of the army's oldest mission field which came to India in 1882.[9] His main mission was fighting against poverty and social injustice.[citation needed]
In August 1915, Charles was transferred to the 5th Indian General Hospital at Alexandria where he served for the 135th Indian Field Ambulance.[10] According to his medal index card he served as an Indian Army Lieutenant and Indian Medical Service on the battlefield during World War I. Stibel was stationed at the No. 1 Indian General Hospital.[2]
While working for the Salvation Army in India, most of Charles' work was related to the cholera epidemic that swept through the late 1800s.[11] This was the first major pandemic of the nineteenth century and the most detrimental of all Indian cholera epidemics.[12] Cholera is a bacterial disease that was fatal the majority of the time and causes severe acute diarrhoea as a result of toxic strands of O1.[13] Earlier in the 1800s, Cholera began to spread by sea and land to most Asian countries including India before eventually making its way to Africa, Europe, and the Americas.[13] In the late 1800s and early 1900s, cholera outbreaks killed more than 800,000 people as it spread through the middle east, affecting one-tenth of the population of British India.[11] Typically more apparent in poor communities with unsafe drinking water and sanitation measures, cholera became correlated with neglect and threatened entire communities. This developed the pandemic into not only a serious health concern, but also a social conflict in India.[14]
During his time in the Nagercoil Hospital, Stiebel formed a group of 11 medical students known as the "cholera brigade" who focussed on improving living conditions to those affected by the pandemic.[4] Their work consisted of visiting the poor in rural South India, particularly Elipady, a Salvation Army village that was high in cholera numbers. They improved sanitation and hygiene practices in the homes and provided clean drinking and cleaning water to the citizens free of charge. Together, Stiebel and his partners collaborated to help the poorest in India and reduce social inequality tensions.[citation needed]
Death
Charles Stiebel died on February 2, 1917 (although his obituary in the Yorkshire Post claims he died on February 3, his death certificate states February 2).[15] He died at age 40 on the battlefield near Kut in Mesopotamia fighting for the British campaign during World War I.[16] He was buried at the Amara War Cemetery in Iraq.[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Cambridge Review. 1917. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 CWGC. "Lieutenant Charles Stiebel | War Casualty Details 630342". CWGC. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Inquirer (1911-02-11). "Mother's maiden name as children's surname". Notes and Queries. s11-III (59): 107–108. doi:10.1093/nq/s11-iii.59.107i. ISSN 1471-6941.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "Charles Stiebel, medical missionary and temporary lieutenant, I.M.S., by his wife ..." HathiTrust. hdl:2027/ien.35558005350885?urlappend=%3Bseq=41. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ Venn, John; Venn, John Archibald (2011-09-15). Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-03616-0. Search this book on
- ↑ "All the world. [A quarterly review of the world-wide work of the Salvation Army] v.39 (1918)". HathiTrust. hdl:2027/njp.32101047678758?urlappend=%3Bseq=7. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ↑ Briggs, Charles A. (1894). "The Salvation Army". The North American Review. 159 (457): 697–710. ISSN 0029-2397. JSTOR 25103440.
- ↑ "India - History". salvationarmy.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ↑ "All the world. [A quarterly review of the world-wide work of the Salvation Army] v.39 (1918)". HathiTrust. hdl:2027/njp.32101047678758?urlappend=%3Bseq=7. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ↑ Catalogue description Medal card of Stiebel, Charles Alexander Corps: Lancashire Fusiliers Rank: ... 1914–1920. Search this book on
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 London Missionary Society (1910). "The report of the London Missionary Society ... v.115". HathiTrust. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- ↑ Arnold, David (Nov 1986). "Cholera and Colonialism in British India". Past & Present. 113 (113): 118–151. doi:10.1093/past/113.1.118. JSTOR 650982. PMID 11617906. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kanungo, S (2010). "Cholera in India: an analysis of reports, 1997–2006". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 88 (3): 185–191. doi:10.2471/BLT.09.073460. PMC 2828793. PMID 20428385.
- ↑ Arnold, David (1986). "Cholera and Colonialism in British India". Past & Present. 113 (113): 118–151. doi:10.1093/past/113.1.118. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 650982. PMID 11617906.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 CWGC. "Lieutenant Charles Stiebel | War Casualty Details 630342". CWGC. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ↑ "Ancestry Record Search". ancestry.com. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
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