Chatbot

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       A Chatbot is a software app used to have online conversations ("Global Chatbots Market Key Trends..." 2021; therefore, no direct or physical contact is ever necessary to conduct this experience. Chatbots use texting, speech, or text-to-speech. The first bot ever created was by Joseph Weizenbaum around 1960, and since then, Chatbots have accumulated revenue of over 19 million dollars. Examples of chatbots might be the Domino’s Pizza Bot by Slack or even your online bank app asking you questions so you can be directed to the specific department for your concerns. Some health chatbots on the rise consist of Buoy health, Sensely, Babylon health, Oneremission, and many others. In healthcare, chatbots provide medical information, schedule appointments, collect data, handle insurance, support mental health, help you to find the right place or next step for further care, and sometimes request medication refills for you.
       Chatbots can be created on multiple different platforms. I was able to make one using Google. Constructing the bot required skills such as “shared understanding between nurses and recipients of care,” meaning both patients and healthcare workers, more specifically nurses, needed to understand what each needed. Patients would need to be able to answer questions regarding their health, and the questions had to be formed and worded so that they could do so. The question formulation and follow-ups required knowledge of patients’ history from nurses. For example, the “JNC 8 Hypertension Guideline Algorithm” can and was used to create a chatbot that focused on blood pressure; with the chart as a future nurse, one could learn and implement what a hypertensive patient is would require. Chatbot questions included asking for any prescribed medication and medication adherence, symptoms, length of discomfort (if any), lifestyle changes, and emotional state. Questions were formulated using knowledge of hypertension and the JNC algorithm. The chatbot took about one day to make on the first try, but once one knew how to make it, the time shortened to less than 20 mins. 
      Chatbots tend to operate using machine learning or with set guidelines. A chatbot that functions through machine learning has an artificial neural network that copies the neural nodes of the human brain ("Peas description for Chatbot"). It self-learns as it is introduced to new conversations as well as words. As it receives new dialogues, the inquiries it replies to and the validity of each response increases.   My chatbot had set guidelines, meaning it can only respond to a certain number of requests and vocabulary and is only as intelligent as its programming code ( et al., "Chat bot using AWS" 2021) . Such as, if the patient had no prescribed medication and BP was elevated on three separate occasions, the chatbot would advise visiting the doctor's office. The beauty of chatbots is that since they are a form of artificial intelligence, they never get tired. They can constantly be of service to any individual at all hours, no matter the location or time difference, and cost way less than human services. They are making it very appealing for every business in this day and age.

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