Chiropractic Biophysics
Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP) is a chiropractic treatment technique which utilizes a mixture of chiropractic adjustments (SMT), rehabilitation exercises and spinal traction with mechanical assistance intended to affect a measurable change in a person's posture and radiographic measurements[1]. The unique form of spinal traction used by CBP utilizes can be referred to as "extension traction". The changes brought about by this unique form of traction are thought to improve the biomechanics of the spine; improving sagittal balance[2][3], improving function, and preventing degeneration.[4] CBP was founded by Dr. Don Harrison in the late 1980s.
History
Dr. Don Harrison was unsatisfied with the scientific basis of the theories he encountered within the chiropractic education system. This dissatisfaction prompted him to pursue engineering and applied mathematics. He received his MSE in Mechanical Engineering in 1997 and a PhD in Applied Mathematics in 1998, both from the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Dr. Don Harrison and his son Dr. Deed Harrison pursued research in spinal modeling as well as clinical research focused on examining the effectiveness of extension traction. Together they taught the technique through a seminar series as well as a four part textbook series. Dr. Don Harrison passed away in 2011 with over 80 peer-reviewed publications to his name. Since 2011 Dr. Deed Harrison has led CBP non-profit, produced spinal rehabilitation research, and taught seminars at a dedicated teaching facility in Idaho. CBP is currently taught as core curriculum in two chiropractic colleges in the United States: Life University and Southern California University of Health Sciences.
Controversy
Don Harrison was an outspoken critic of chiropractic techniques which made claims without scientific research to back them, and CBP technique has been a controversial chiropractic technique.[5] Cooperstein et al. [6] published an article in 2006 criticizing CBP's objectivity, and claiming that research created through CBP non-profit suffers from a conflict of interest. The Harrisons published a response refuting many of the claims made in the Cooperstein article.[7]
CBP spinal rehabilitation requires many visits to create structural changes.[8] The Harrisons have published research supporting treatment beyond the resolution of symptoms.[9] Radiographic bio-mechanical analysis with the intent to create change requires re-evaluation to measure the change after a period of care. Opponents of re-examination for biomechanical analysis claim there is inherent risk when utilizing x-ray radiation, and this risk must be weighed against the potential long term benefit of the treatment. In response, the PCCRP guidelines were created to explain the rationale for re-evaluation with radiography, and a discussion of the radiation risk is included comparing the linear no-threshold model to the threshold model and the radiation hormesis model.[10][11][12]
References
- ↑ Harrison, Donald D.; Harrison, Deed E.; Janik, Tadeusz J.; Cailliet, Rene; Ferrantelli, Joseph R.; Haas, Jason W.; Holland, Burt (2004-11-15). "Modeling of the sagittal cervical spine as a method to discriminate hypolordosis: results of elliptical and circular modeling in 72 asymptomatic subjects, 52 acute neck pain subjects, and 70 chronic neck pain subjects". Spine. 29 (22): 2485–2492. ISSN 1528-1159. PMID 15543059.
- ↑ Diab, Aliaa Attiah Mohamed; Moustafa, Ibrahim Moustafa (2013-01-01). "The efficacy of lumbar extension traction for sagittal alignment in mechanical low back pain: a randomized trial". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 26 (2): 213–220. doi:10.3233/BMR-130372. ISSN 1878-6324. PMID 23640324.
- ↑ Harrison, Deed E.; Cailliet, Rene; Harrison, Donald D.; Janik, Tadeusz J.; Holland, Burt (2002-11-01). "Changes in sagittal lumbar configuration with a new method of extension traction: nonrandomized clinical controlled trial". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 83 (11): 1585–1591. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 12422330.
- ↑ Kado, Deborah M.; Huang, Mei-Hua; Karlamangla, Arun S.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Greendale, Gail A. (2004-10-01). "Hyperkyphotic Posture Predicts Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling Men and Women: A Prospective Study". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 52 (10): 1662–1667. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52458.x. ISSN 1532-5415.
- ↑ "The Harrison Spinal Model: A Chiropractic "Lightning Rod" for Criticism". www.dynamicchiropractic.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- ↑ Cooperstein, Robert; Perle, Stephen M; Gleberzon, Brian J; Peterson, David H (2006-06-01). "Flawed trials, flawed analysis: why CBP should avoid rating itself". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 50 (2): 97–102. ISSN 0008-3194. PMC 1839992. PMID 17549172.
- ↑ Harrison, Deed E; Harrison, Donald D; Oakley, Paul A; Haas, Jason W (2006-09-01). "Use of Fallacious Arguments, Ad Hominem Attacks, and Biased 'Expert Opinions' Can Make CBP Research 'Appear Flawed'". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 50 (3): 161–171. ISSN 0008-3194. PMC 1839960. PMID 17549153.
- ↑ Harrison, D. D.; Jackson, B. L.; Troyanovich, S.; Robertson, G.; de George, D.; Barker, W. F. (1994-09-01). "The efficacy of cervical extension-compression traction combined with diversified manipulation and drop table adjustments in the rehabilitation of cervical lordosis: a pilot study". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 17 (7): 454–464. ISSN 0161-4754. PMID 7989879.
- ↑ "Structural rehabilitation of the spine and posture: rationale for treatment beyond the... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central". europepmc.org. 1998-01-01. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- ↑ Oakley, Paul A; Harrison, Donald D; Harrison, Deed E; Haas, Jason W (2006-09-01). "A Rebuttal to Chiropractic Radiologists' View of the 50-year-old, Linear-No-Threshold Radiation Risk Model". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 50 (3): 172–181. ISSN 0008-3194. PMC 1839964. PMID 17549154.
- ↑ "PCCRP - Practicing Chiropractors' Committee on Radiology Protocols". www.pccrp.org. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- ↑ "No Proof Radiation From X Rays Causes Cancer (Study)". Arbiter News. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
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