Chytridiomyceta
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Scientific classification 
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Chytridiomyceta is a subkingdom of early-diverging fungi that includes several mainly zoosporic fungal lineages. Members of the group are commonly associated with the informal term chytrid, although the name chytrid is also used more narrowly for members of Chytridiomycota. The group includes fungi that reproduce using motile zoospores, a feature uncommon among the more derived terrestrial fungal lineages.[1]
Taxonomy
Chytridiomyceta is used in modern higher-level classifications of fungi for a group of early-diverging fungal phyla. The circumscription of chytrid-like fungi has changed substantially with molecular phylogenetic research. Groups formerly treated within a broad Chytridiomycota have in some classifications been recognised as separate phyla, including Blastocladiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota.[1][2]
The 2024 outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa recognised 19 fungal phyla and noted continuing changes in the classification of chytrid-related lineages, including the treatment of Caulochytriomycota within Chytridiomycota.[3]
Description
Members of Chytridiomyceta are mostly microscopic fungi. Many produce flagellated zoospores with a single posterior flagellum, although some lineages have reduced or modified motile stages. Their thalli may be unicellular, rhizoidal, or more complex, depending on the lineage. Unlike most familiar terrestrial fungi, many members are adapted to aquatic, wet soil, or anaerobic environments.[1]
Ecology
Chytridiomyceta includes saprotrophic, parasitic, and symbiotic fungi. Some species decompose resistant organic materials such as pollen, chitin, keratin, or plant debris, while others parasitise algae, plants, or animals. The group also includes anaerobic gut fungi, such as members of Neocallimastigomycota, which live in the digestive tracts of herbivorous mammals and contribute to plant-fibre degradation.[1]
Some chytrid fungi are ecologically or medically significant. For example, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a member of Chytridiomycota, causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians and has been linked to major amphibian declines.[4]
Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that traditional chytrid classifications based mainly on morphology did not fully reflect evolutionary relationships. The recognition of separate phyla such as Blastocladiomycota resulted from molecular and ultrastructural evidence showing deep divergences among flagellated fungi.[1] Later classifications have continued to revise the boundaries and ranks of chytrid-related groups.[2][3]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 James, Timothy Y.; Letcher, Peter M.; Longcore, Joyce E.; Mozley-Standridge, Sharon E.; Porter, David; Powell, Martha J.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Vilgalys, Rytas (2006). "A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum, Blastocladiomycota". Mycologia. 98 (6): 860–871. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832616. PMID 17486963.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2024). "Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi". Fungal Diversity. doi:10.1007/s13225-024-00540-z.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hyde, Kevin D.; Noorabadi, M. T.; Thiyagaraja, V. (2024). "The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 15 (1): 5146–6239. doi:10.5943/MYCOSPHERE/15/1/25. hdl:11584/429245.
- ↑ Longcore, Joyce E.; Pessier, Allan P.; Nichols, Donald K. (1999). "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians". Mycologia. 91 (2): 219–227. doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061011.
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