Collective executive
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A collective executive is a body of individuals which acts collectively as the executive leadership of an organization or state. In such an arrangement, there is no individual leader who represents or governs the organization or state, but a small group which represents and governs the entity. A collective executive may also exercise cabinet collective responsibility, in which all decisions taken by the body in the majority are defended by all of the members, regardless of personal misgivings or disagreements with the majority.
Examples
Collective heads of state
The Federal Council of Switzerland, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the dual heads of state of both Andorra and San Marino, have collective rather than unitary heads of state. In a sense, the collegial system of government has found widespread adoption in modern democracies in the form of cabinet government with collective responsibility.
Green parties
Parties which practice green politics may often create collective executives of two or more co-leaders in order to decentralize the decision-making structure and enforce gender balance, including the U.S. Green National Committee's 7-member Steering Committee, the former Principal Speakers of the Green Party of England and Wales, and the male and female co-leaders and co-convenors of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Swedish Green Party and Germany's Alliance '90/The Greens.
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