Colts Drum & Bugle Corps
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| Location | Dubuque, Iowa |
|---|---|
| Division | World Class |
| Founded | 1963 |
| Director | Vicki MacFarlane |
| Championship titles | Iowa State American Legion Championship: 1968, 1970[1], 1971[2], 1972, 1977[3]; Iowa VFW Championship: 1969[4]; Midwest Color Guard Circuit Championship: 1976[5], 1977[3]; VFW Color Guard Championship: 1976[6] |
| Website | colts |
The Colts Drum & Bugle Corps is a World Class junior competitive drum and bugle corps based in Dubuque, Iowa. The corps is a member corps of Drum Corps International (DCI).[7]
History[edit]
Pre-DCI (1963 - 1971)[edit]
The corps was founded in 1963, when the Dubuque American Legion Post and its senior drum and bugle corps, the Dukes of Dubuque started the all-boy Junior Dukes.[8] For the first 10 years, the majority of the corps' members were from the Dubuque area.[9] In 1965, due to the Dukes of Dubuque ceasing operations, the corps' name was changed to the Legionnaires.[10] The newly named corps would transition from being strictly a parade corps to participating in American Legion-sponsored field competitions,[9] as well as allowing girls into the corps' membership.[11] In 1967, a feeder corps, now known as the Colt Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps, was formed.[11] The next year in 1978, the Legionnaires undertook its first major tour, winning eight 1st place trophies.[10] [11]
Because of the successful 1968 season, the corps decided to participate in more than just American Legion sponsored shows. Due to the Legionnaires name being associated with the American Legion, the corps formed a new identity, adapting a Western theme. The corps would change names to Colt .45, purchasing Western-style uniforms as well as performing Western-style music.[11] For the 1969 season, the corps would compete competitively under this new identity, winning the Mid-American Drum Corps Circuit Championship and the Iowa VFW Junior State Championship.[4] In the 1970 and 1971 seasons, the corps would also go on to win the Iowa State American Legion title.[1][2] The corps would attend their first national competition at the 1971 VFW Nationals Championship in Dallas.[11][10]
DCI Years (1972 - Present)[edit]
In 1972, the corps would attend American Legion Nationals, as well as VFW Nationals. In the same year, Drum Corps International (DCI) held the first Drum Corps International World Championships. However, the corps would not attend the DCI World Championships until the next year. In addition to the 1973 DCI World Championships, the corps would attend VFW Nationals, as well as the VFW Nationals parade. The corps would place 1st at the VFW Nationals Parade. For the 1974 season, the corps would not compete at the DCI World Championships, instead opting to attend the American Legion U.S. Open National Championships.[12] The very next year in 1975, the corps would once again attend the Drum Corps International World Championships. This would mark the beginning of their continuous annual appearances at the DCI World Championships.[11][10]
The corps would make its third and final name change in 1976, citing the association with both firearms and Colt 45 beer, as well as a lack of sufficient appropriate Western styled music. The corps would drop the ".45" and became known simply as the Colts Drum & Bugle Corps.[11] For the 1976 season, the Colts would attend the American Legion U.S. Open National Championships, VFW National Championships, and the DCI World Class Championships. The corps would place 25th at the DCI World Championships for the first time,[10] earning the corps membership in Drum Corps International.
In 1977, the corps debuted new orange riverboat gambler uniforms.[11] The corps would originally place 26th in the DCI World Championships that year, but due to a different corps' disqualification in prelims, would move up one position and once again place 25th,[13] retaining their membership in DCI.[10] The corps would not again place in the top 25 at DCI World Championships until 1982, where the corps would place 24th. In 1984, the Colts would see their first European member.[14] Since then, the corps' membership would include students from the Netherlands, Japan, England, Germany, and others.[14][15][16] At the 1985 DCI World Championships, the corps would receive 16th place. This was the corps' highest placement at DCI World Championships, until 1993. This would earn the corps the name "Iowa's Ambassadors of Music" by then-Governor Terry Branstad.[17] For the corp's 30th anniversary at the 1993 DCI World Championships, the Colts would place in finals for the first time, receiving 12th place. However, this would not be the last time the Colts would make finals. They would place in finals for the 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2007 DCI World Championships.[10] The corps would go on to celebrate their 50th anniversary in 2013, placing 15th for the season.[18][10]
The previous Colts Executive Director, Greg Orwoll, was inducted into the Drum Corps International Hall of Fame in 2008.[19]
In 2009, the Colts were invited to the Inaugural Parade for Barack Obama's first presidential inauguration. The parade corps consisted of 119 current Colts members and alumni.[20]
For the 2020 season, due to the emerging COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Drum Corps International decided to cancel the season.[21] Despite the season cancellation, the Colts would go on to host a virtual educational program,[22] as well as five virtual performances.[23]
The current Colts director, Vicki MacFarlane, was elected to the Drum Corps International Board of Directors in January 2022.[24] Vicki currently serves as a Drum Corps International board member.[25]
Notable Alumni[edit]
- Carl Cook, 1984 member, an American billionaire, and current CEO of the Cook Group[26]
Sponsorship[edit]
The Colts Drum and Bugle Corps is sponsored by the Colts Youth Organization, a 501(c)(3)[27] musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps director, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission.[28] The Executive Director is Jeff MacFarlane and the corps director is Vicki Schaffer MacFarlane.[29] The Colts Youth Organization also sponsors the Colt Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps;[30] Colts Summer Band;[31] and the Colts Summer Pans.[32]
Show summary (1972–2021)[edit]
Source:[33]
Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.
| Year | Theme | Repertoire | Score | Placement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | (Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend by Stan Jones / Paint Your Wagon Medley- Gospel of No Name City, I Still See Elisa & There's a Coach Coming In By Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner |
72.35 | 9th (VFW) | |
| 1973 | The Big Country by Jerome Moross / There's a Coach Coming In by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner / Music from Cades County by Henry Mancini / How the West Was Won by Alfred Newman / When Johnny Comes Marching Home by Louis Lambert (Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore) / Battle Hymn of the Republic by William Steffe and Julia Ward Howe / United We Stand by Tony Hiller and Peter Simmons |
62.80 | 28th | |
| 1974 | Fanfare for the Common Man & Billy the Kid by Aaron Copland / Oklahoma Crude by Henry Mancini / The Sting by Scott Joplin and Marvin Hamlisch / Ironsides (Unknown) / How the West Was Won by Alfred Newman |
|||
| 1975 | Wild, Wild West by Richard Markowitz / Ghost Riders in the Sky by Stan Jones / How the West Was Won by Alfred Newman / Scalphunters by Elmer Bernstein / Left Bank Express by Maynard Ferguson / Ironsides (Unknown) / California Dreamin' by John Phillips and Michelle Phillips |
66.40 | 30th | |
| 1976 | Emperata Overture by Claude T. Smith / Just You and Me / Left Bank Express by Maynard Ferguson / Tower of Power Medley by Emilio Castillo, Stephen Kupka, Others? / Soul and Inspiration by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil |
71.25 | 25th | |
| 1977 | Gershwin's Three Piano Preludes by George Gershwin / Suncatchers by Butch Nordahl / Evergreen (from A Star is Born) by Barbra Streisand and Paul Williams / Watch Closely Now & With One More Look at You by Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher |
73.10 | 26th | |
| 1978 | Showboat Scenario by Jerome Kern / The Birth of the Blues by Ray Henderson, Buddy G. DeSylva, and Lew Brown / Take Five by Paul Desmond / A Star is Born by Paul Williams |
68.65 | 27th | |
| 1979 | Starburst by Jeremy Wall / The Birth of the Blues by Ray Henderson, Buddy G. DeSylva, and Lew Brown / Showboat by Jerome Kern / Star Gazer by Neil Diamond / Tara's Theme by Max Steiner |
63.30 | 35th | |
| 1980 | Everything's Coming Up Roses (from Gypsy) by Stephen Sondheim and Jule Styne / Summertime, It Ain't Necessarily So & There's a Boat Dat's Leavin' Soon for New York (from Porgy and Bess) by George Gershwin / Turkey in the Straw (Traditional) / Smile by Charlie Chaplin, John Turner, and Geoffrey Parsons |
60.10 | 28th | |
| 1981 | There's a Boat Dat's Leavin' Soon for New York & Summertime (from Porgy and Bess) by George Gershwin / Swanee by George Gershwin and Irving Caesar / Crosswinds by Billy Cobham / Come Sail Away by Dennis DeYoung |
64.05 | 28th | |
| 1982 | Swing, Swing, Swing (from 1941) by John Williams / Summertime (from Porgy and Bess) by George Gershwin / Prelude to An Angry Young Man by Billy Joel / Come in from the Rain by Melissa Manchester and Carole Bayer Sager |
67.20 | 24th | |
| 1983 | Mississippi Suite by Ferde Grofe / Luck Be A Lady & Sit Down You're Rockin' the Boat (from Guys and Dolls) by Frank Loesser / Dill Pickles (Traditional) / Mr. Bojangles by Jerry Jeff Walker / Old Man River (From Showboat) by Jerome Kern |
60.60 | 22nd | |
| 1984 | Stardust by Hoagy Carmichael and Mitchell Parish / Swing, Swing, Swing (from 1941) by John Williams / A Night in Tunisia by John Birks Gillespie / Peninsula by Oscar Castro-Neves and Sergio Mendes / What's New? by Bob Haggart and Johnny Burke / Come in from the Rain by Melissa Manchester and Carole Bayer Sager |
70.40 | 23rd | |
| 1985 | Star Dust by Hoagy Carmichael and Mitchell Parish / Love for Sale (from The New Yorkers) by Cole Porter / A Night in Tunisiaby John Birks Gillespie / Peninsula by Oscar Castro-Neves and Sergio Mendes / Skylark by Hoagy Carmichael and Johnny Mercer / Sing Sing Sing by Louie Prima |
80.90 | 16th | |
| 1986 | Johnny One Note (from Babes in Arms) by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart / I Got Rhythm by George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin / Smile Again by Bill Champlin, David Foster, Jay Graydon, and Alan Paul / The Heat's On by Sammy Nestico |
74.40 | 20th | |
| 1987 | Honeymoon Suite / Love for Sale (from The New Yorkers) by Cole Porter / Up the Ladder to the Roof by Frank Wilson and Vincent Dimirco / Mardi Gras March by Paul Webster and Sammy Fain / Somewhere Out There by James Horner, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil / Feival's Reprise (from An American Tail: Feival Goes West) by James Horner |
76.50 | 20th | |
| 1988 | Seems Like Old Times by Carmen Lombardo and John Jacob Loeb / Mountain Greenery by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart / Just in Time (from Bells Are Ringing) by Jule Styne, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green / Mardi Gras March by Paul Webster and Sammy Fain / My Funny Valentine (from Babes in Arms) by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart |
78.50 | 18th | |
| 1989 | Matchpoint by Jed Levy / Willowcrest by Bob Florence / Ballad for a Rough Year by Frank Mantooth / Reprise (Uncertain) | 73.60 | 21st | |
| 1990 | Santorini by Yiannis Hrysomallis (Yanni) / Ludwig by Ludwig van Beethoven adapted by Bob James / On a Hymnsong of Philip Bliss by David Holsinger / Farandole by Georges Bizet |
72.80 | 23rd | |
| 1991 | Santorini by Yiannis Hrysomallis (Yanni) / On a Hymnsong of Philip Bliss by David Holsinger / Shock by John Tesh / Earthrise by Chip Davis/ In the Spring, When Kings Go Off to War by David Holsinger |
72.10 | 22nd | |
| 1992 | Morning to Morning by David Foster and David Paich / A Thousand Summers & Brain Dead Weasel by John Tesh / The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter by Dave Grusin and Peggy Lee / Reprise by Chuck Naffier |
75.50 | 20th | |
| 1993 | Iowa's Four Seasons | Winter by Chuck Naffier / A Thousand Summers by John Tesh / Summertime (from Porgy and Bess) by George Gershwin, DuBose Hayward, and Ira Gershwin / The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter by Dave Grusin and Peggy Lee / Reprise by Chuck Naffier |
81.60 | 12th |
| 1994 | Relations and Romance | Smile by Charlie Chaplin, John Turner, and Geoffrey Parsons / Almost Like Being in Love (from Brigadoon) by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner / Lover Man by Jimmy Davis, Jimmy Sherman, Roger "Ram" Ramirez / Higher and Higher by Billy Davis, Raynard Miner, Gary Jackson, and Carl Smith / As Time Goes By (from Casablanca) by Herman Hupfeld / Reprise 1994 by Chuck Naffier |
80.10 | 12th |
| 1995 | Sunday in the Park with George |
Sunday in the Park, Children and Art, Color and Light & Sunday (from Sunday in the Park with George) by Stephen Sondheim | 86.30 | 9th |
| 1996 | The Magnificat | Magnificat anima me; Of a Rose, A Lovely Rose; Fecit Potentium; Esurientes & Gloria Patri (from Magnificat) by John Rutter | 81.30 | 11th |
| 1997 | The Music of Blood, Sweat and Tears |
Symphony for the Devil by Dick Halligan / God Bless the Child by Billie Holiday and Arthur Herzog, Jr. / Lucretia McEvil by David Clayton-Thomas / Hi-De-Ho (That Ole Sweet Role) by Gerry Goffin and Carole King / 40,000 Headsmen by Steve Winwood and Jim Capaldi |
84.10 | 13th |
| 1998 | A Cappella Celebration | Crown Him With Many Crowns by Charles H. Gabriel and Matthew Bridges / Searching for You by Wayne Shorter and Paul Stiller / Reza by Jaco Pastorius / Morning by Paul Stiller and Lisa Keily Stiller / Vox Finale by Chuck Naffier and Jerry Carpenter |
85.30 | 12th |
| 1999 | Voices | Dies Irae (from Verdi's Requiem) by Giuseppe Verdi / Flamma Flamma, Corpus Inimici & In Corpore (from Flamma Flamma, the Fire Requiem) by Nicholas Lens / I Believe by Eric Levi / Scherzo (from Fire Water Paper: The Vietnam Oratorio) by Elliot Goldenthal |
86.00 | 12th |
| 2000 | The Wait of the World | Godspeed, Speech of Angels, The Wait of the World, Now the Children Lead, The Chosen by Stephen Melillo | 82.30 | 14th |
| 2001 | Chivalry | Sinfonia Voci by David Holsinger / Allemande (from Courtly Airs and Dances) by Ron Nelson / Non Nobis Domine (from Henry V) by Patrick Doyle / Battle Scene by Michael Klesch / Once More Unto the Breach by Patrick Doyle |
84.90 | 12th |
| 2002 | Revelations | Dawn (from 5 Miniatures) by Joaquin Turina / Concerto for 4 Percussion, Be Thou My Vision & New Century Dawn by David Gillingham |
83.90 | 15th |
| 2003 | Symphonic Visions: Ritual, Song, and Dance |
Cantus Laetus by David Gillingham / Harrison's Dream by Peter Graham / Blue Sapphire (from Colours) by Roger Cichy | 80.50 | 16th |
| 2004 | From the Heartland | American Overture by Joseph Willcox Jenkins / John Henry & Threshing Machines by Aaron Copland / Old Man River (From Showboat) by Jerome Kern / Celebration by Robert Russell Bennett |
81.325 | 16th |
| 2005 | Postcards From Home | The Promise of Living (from Tender Land) & The Red Pony by Aaron Copland / The Landworkers (From Estancia Ballet) by Alberto Ginastera / Till There Was You (from The Music Man) by Meredith Willson / Stomp Your Foot by Aaron Copland / Jubilee by Morton Gould |
84.075 | 13th |
| 2006 | Continuum | Windsprints by Richard Saucedo / As Time Goes By (from Casablanca) by Herman Hupfeld / Ride by Samuel Hazo | 83.05 | 13th |
| 2007 | Equinox | With One Look (from Sunset Boulevard) by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Christopher Hampton, and Don Black / Coronation of Boris Gudonov by Modest Moussorgsky / Troika (from Lieutenant Kije Suite) by Sergei Prokofiev /String Quartet No. 4, mvt 5 Allegro Molto by Béla Bartók / As If We Never Said Goodbye (from Sunset Boulevard) by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Christopher Hampton, and Don Black |
86.15 | 10th |
| 2008 | Night and Day | Night and Day by Cole Porter / Bernstein Medley by Leonard Bernstein / Unexpected Song by Andrew Lloyd Webber / Spellbound Concerto by Miklos Rosza |
85.175 | 14th |
| 2009 | Fathoms | Song of the High Seas (from Victory at Sea) by Richard Rodgers / The Sea Treaders by W. Francis McBeth / The Voyage by Chris Tomsa and Max Mullinix / Ebb Tide by Robert Maxwell and Carl Sigman / SOS by Max Mullinix / The Journey Home by Chris Tomsa and Max Mullinix |
85.60 | 13th |
| 2010 | True Colors | Green by Michael Torke / Alone in the Crowd & One Man Show (from Pollock) by Jeff Beal / True Colors by Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly / Appalachian Morning by Paul Halley |
84.65 | 13th |
| 2011 | Deception: The Jagged Edge |
Swan Lake by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Danza de los Duendes by Nancy Galbraith / The Swan (from Carnival of the Animals) by Camille Saint-Saëns / Mind Heist by Zack Hemsey |
82.25 | 16th |
| 2012 | Boundaries | August's Rhapsody (from August Rush) by Mark Mancina / Boundaries by David Nelson / Piano Concerto No. 2, Second Movement by Sergei Rachmaninov / All By Myself by Eric Carmen |
79.20 | 17th |
| 2013 | Field of Dreams | Can't Help Falling In Love by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss / At Last by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren / American Graffiti, an arrangement by Aaron Guidry / The Place Where Dreams Come True (from Field of Dreams), by James Horner / Chorale & Fugue In Jazz by Morton Gould |
82.45 | 15th |
| 2014 | Dark Side of The Rainbow |
Breathe by Roger Waters, David Gilmour, and Richard Wright (Pink Floyd) / On the Run by David Gilmour and Roger Waters / Time by Nick Mason, Roger Waters, Richard Wright, and David Gilmour / Powerhouse by Raymond Scott / The Great Gig in the Sky by Richard Wright and Clare Torry / Everything in Its Right Place by Thom Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Colin Greenwood, Ed O'Brien, and Philip Selway (Radiohead) / Brain Damage & Eclipse by Roger Waters |
85.350 | 13th |
| 2015 | ...And A Shot Rings Out: A Johnny Staccato Murder Mystery |
Man With The Golden Arm by Elmer Bernstein / Lex (from Metropolis Symphony) by Michael Daugherty / Audrey's Dance (from Twin Peaks) by Angelo Badalamenti / Science Fiction by Christian McBride / Moanin' by Charles Mingus / Lay Me Down by Sam Smith, James Napier, and Elvin Smith / Scherzo (from Fire, Water, Paper: The Vietnam Oratorio) by Elliot Goldenthal / Original music by Chuck Naffier and David Nelson |
83.025 | 14th |
| 2016 | Nachtmusik | Moonlight Sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven / Eine Klein Nachtmusik by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Vincent (Starry Starry Night) by Don McLean Silent Night by Franz Xaver Gruber and Joseph Mohr / Nights in White Satin by Justin Hayward / New Moon In The Old Moon's Arms by Michael Kamen |
81.513 | 16th |
| 2017 | Both Sides Now | Prologue – Theme from "We Are Marshall" by Christophe Beck Logic – Serenada Schizophrana by Danny Elfman, Kaleidoscope of Mathematics by James Horner Emotion – Both Sides Now by Joni Mitchell Conflict – Symphony #2 by John Barnes Chance Resolution – Medley of We Are Marshall, Serenada Schizophrana, and Both Sides Now |
83.888 | 15th |
| 2018 | True Believer | Loneliness - Motherless Child (Traditional) / Not to be Forgotten (Our Final Hour) by Patrick Metheny Whimsicality - L'arlesienne Suite No. 2: Farandole by Georges Bizet / Land of the Long White Cloud by Philip Sparke / Reflection - Endless Night by Hans Zimmer / Materialism - Big Shot by Billy Joel / Introspection - A Piece of Sky (from Yentl) by Michel Legrand and Alan and Marilyn Bergman |
84.612 | 14th |
| 2019 | When Hell Freezes Over |
Hells Bells by Angus Young, Malcolm Young, and Brian Johnson (AC/DC) / Inferno by Robert W. Smith / Danse Macabre by Camille Saint-Saens / Dulcinea (from Symphony No. 3, Don Quixote) by Robert W. Smith / Etude Op. 25 No. 11 (Winter Wind) by Frederic Chopin / Winter (from the Four Seasons) by Antonio Vivaldi / Knockin' on Heaven's Door by Bob Dylan |
84.225 | 16th |
| 2020 | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | |||
| 2021 | LEAP OF FAITH | Rainbow Connection by Kenneth Ascher and Paul Williams / Take a Chance on Me by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus (ABBA) / Faith by Ryan Tedder, Benny Blanco and Francis Farewell Starlite / Faith by George Michael / Freedom 90 by George Michael |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Colt .45 unit tops in Iowa". The Telegraph Herald. 24 July 1970. p. 8. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dubuqe's Colt .45 wins two state titles". The Telegraph Herald. 27 July 1971. p. 16. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Colts units get two state titles". The Telegraph Herald. 23 August 1976. p. 8. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "They are the winningest . . . but they have a problem". The Telegraph Herald. 14 July 1969. p. 18. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ↑ "Colts Color Guard wins national championship". The Telegraph Herald. 23 August 1976. p. 7. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ "Colts Color Guard tops V.F.W. meet". The Telegraph Herald. 12 April 1976. p. 9. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ "Colts Corp: Upcoming Events & Related News". Drum Corps International. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ Japsen, Bruce (11 July 1993). "STAYING IN TIME". The Telegraph Herald. pp. 1E. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Glindinning, Mary (23 April 1993). "Colts: 30 years in step". The Telegraph Herald. pp. 1C. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 "DCX - Drum Corps Xperience". Drum Corps Xperience. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Delaney, Steve (2003). Vickers, Steve, ed. History of drum and bugle corps, vol. 2 (PDF). Madison WI: Sights & Sounds. pp. 224–225. Search this book on
- ↑ "1974 Season". www.fromthepressbox.com. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
- ↑ "1977 Season". From The Pressbox. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Pritchard, Ken (23 July 1989). "Europeans to join Colts summer tour". The Telegraph Herald. p. 1. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ Peterson, Doug (26 May 1995). "Marching to A different beat". The Telegraph Herald. pp. 1B. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ adwpadmin. "The Colts Drum and Bugle Corps prepares for Music on the March". KWWL. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- ↑ Pritchard, Ken (16 January 1990). "Colt Cadets slate recruiting event". The Telegraph Herald. pp. 8A. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ "Colts are striking up their 50th season". Telegraph Herald. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ↑ "Greg Orwoll". Drum Corps International. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ↑ "Colts depart on date with history". Telegraph Herald. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ↑ "DCI 2020 Canceled After Corps Come To Unanimous Decision - FloMarching". www.flomarching.com. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ↑ Journal, Julien's. "The Beat Goes On | Julien's Journal". Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ↑ Journal, Julien's. "Dubuque's Colts Drum and Bugle Corps Returns in 2021 | Julien's Journal". Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ↑ "Vicki MacFarlane, Alfred Watkins newly elected to DCI Board of Directors". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ↑ "DCI Board of Directors". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ↑ Hammel, Bob (2008). The Bill Cook Story: Ready, Fire, Aim!. Indiana University Press. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-253-35254-5.CS1 maint: Date and year (link) Search this book on
- ↑ "Legion-Aires Drum and Bugle Corps | Rating by Charity Navigator". www.charitynavigator.org. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ↑ "About". Colts Youth Organization. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ "Administrative Staff". Colts Youth Organization. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ "About The Colt Cadets Drum & Bugle Corps". Colts Youth Organization. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ "Colts Summer Band". Colts Youth Organization. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ "Colts Summer Pans". Colts Youth Organization. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ "DCX - Drum Corps Xperience". DCX: The Drum Corps Xperience. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
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