Commercial fusion
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Commercial Fusion is a term used to refer to privately owned companies whose aim is to sell electricity produced by nuclear fusion. The industry now consists of over 40 companies who have attracted a combined total of more than $6 billion in investment.[1][2]
Commercial Fusion companies
| Company | Year founded | Approach | Fuel | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avalanche Energy | 2018 | Hybrid electrostatic confinement | deuterium - tritium | [3] |
| Blue Laser Fusion | 2022 | Inertial confinement | proton - boron | [4] |
| Commonwealth Fusion Systems | 2018 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Compact Fusion Systems, Inc. | 2018 | [citation needed] | ||
| Crossfield Fusion Ltd | 2019 | Closed orbit, velocity resonant systems | Reactor development canceled 2021.[5] | |
| CTFusion Inc | 2015 | Ceased trading in 2023.[6] | ||
| Deutelio | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - deuterium | [citation needed] |
| Electric Fusion Systems, Inc. | 2020 | Rydberg matter fuel-based fusion | proton - lithium7 | [7] |
| EMC2 Fusion | 1985 | Polywell | [8][9] | |
| Energy Singularity Fusion Power Technology | 2021 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | [10] |
| ENN | 2018 | Magnetic confinement | proton - boron | [11] |
| EX-Fusion | 2021 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | [12] |
| First Light Fusion | 2011 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Focused Energy | 2021 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Fuse | 2019 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - tritium | |
| Fusion Power Corporation | 2016 | Heavy ion fusion | deuterium - tritium | Dissolved in 2019.[13] |
| Gauss Fusion | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| General Atomics Fusion Division | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| General Fusion | 2002 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - tritium | |
| HB11 Energy | 2017 | Non-thermal laser fusion | proton - boron | |
| Helical Fusion | 2021 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | [12] |
| HelicitySpace Corporation | 2018 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - deuterium | |
| Helion Energy | 2013 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - helium3 | |
| Horne Technologies | 2008 | Hybrid magnetic and electrostatic confinement | deuterium - deuterium, proton - boron | |
| Kyoto Fusioneering | 2019 | deuterium - tritium | [12] | |
| LaserFusionX | 2022 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Lockheed Martin | 2010 | |||
| Longview Fusion Energy Systems | 2021 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| LPP Fusion, Inc. | 2003 | Magnetic confinement | proton - boron | |
| Magneto Inertial Fusion Technology Inc. (MIFTI) | 2009 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - tritium | |
| Marvel Fusion | 2019 | Inertial confinement | proton - boron | |
| Norront Fusion Energy | 2017 | Muon-catalyzed fusion | ||
| NT-Tao | 2019 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| NearStar Fusion | 2021 | Magneto-inertial | deuterium - tritium, deuterium - deuterium, proton - boron | |
| NK Labs, LLC | 2008 | Muon-catalyzed fusion | deuterium - tritium | |
| Novatron Fusion Group AB | 2019 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Openstar Technologies | 2021 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - deuterium (tritium suppressed) | |
| Princeton Fusion Systems | 1992 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - helium3 | |
| Proxima Fusion | 2023 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Realta Fusion | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Renaissance Fusion | 2021 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Stellarex, Inc | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| SHINE Technologies | 2005 | Magneto-electrostatic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| TAE Technologies | 1998 | Magnetic confinement | proton - boron | |
| Thea Energy (formerly Princeton Stellarators) | 2022 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Tokamak Energy | 2009 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Type One Energy Group | 2019 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Ultrafusion Nuclear Power | ||||
| Xcimer Energy Inc. | 2022 | Inertial confinement | deuterium - tritium | |
| Zap Energy | 2017 | Magnetic confinement | deuterium - tritium |
First fusion electricity to the grid
For decades researchers have famously said that fusion power is always 30, or even 50, years away.[14][15] The advent of commercial fusion has changed that, and now fusion power is typically predicted to be around 10 years away, with most companies predicting that the first fusion plant will deliver electricity to the grid before 2035.[16] Although the majority of the companies have only existed for a few years, some have already failed to deliver on their predictions. General Fusion first predicted that it would deliver electricity to the grid by 2009.[17]
References
- ↑ The global fusion industry in 2023 - Fusion Companies Survey by the Fusion Industry Association (PDF) (Report). Fusion Industry Association. 12 July 2023. p. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
The headline number for this report is that the fusion industry has now attracted over $6 billion in investment.
- ↑ Hiller, Jennifer; Niiler, Eric; Woodward, Aylin (12 December 2022). "U.S. to Announce Nuclear-Fusion Energy Breakthrough". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ Stiffler, Lisa (2023-04-24). "'Desktop fusion' startup Avalanche Energy lands $40M and logs new tech achievement". GeekWire.com.
- ↑ Yamada, Ryotaro (23 July 2023). "Nuclear fusion race draws in Nobel-winning LED pioneer". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ "Mission – Crossfield Fusion". Crossfield Fusion. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
The company adopted a new approach to building fusion reactors based on patented technology (US8138692) called the Epicyclotron. The company was founded in 2019 and developed a working fusion device in 2021 based on this approach. In October 2021 the company determined through the experimentation work completed and detailed ‘particle in cell’ modelling of loss mechanisms that the reactor would not scale as initially anticipated (and therefore could not be developed to deliver a net gain fusion reactor). The company is currently exploring the use of this technology the developed in hydrogen isotope separation as part of the fusion fuel cycle.
- ↑ Lisa Stiffler (5 April 2023). "Energy startup CTFusion folds as co-founders land at rival Zap". GeekWire. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ↑ Emilio, Maurizio Di Paolo (8 July 2021). "EFS Plans Aneutronic Fusion Reactor". EE Times Asia. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ "Low-Cost Fusion Project Steps Out of the Shadows and Looks for Money". NBC News. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ Ventura, Tim (13 December 2019). "Robert Bussard on IEC Fusion Power & The Polywell Reactor". Dialogue & Discourse. Medium. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ Li, Stephanie. "Chinese nuclear-tech firm Energy Singularity raises $58m funding". DealStreetAsia. DealStreetAsia. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ Barcelo, Yan (1 November 2022). "Nuclear Fusion May Be Nearer Than You Think". Morningstar. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Foster, Scott (30 May 2023). "Japan's fusion start-ups starting to roll in money". Asia Times. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ "Fusion Power Corporation". Canada Company Directory. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ↑ Nathaniel Scharping (23 May 2016). "Why Nuclear Fusion Is Always 30 Years Away". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ↑ "Why LIFE: Ready to Make History". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.
The standard joke about fusion is that it is 50 years away and always will be.
- ↑ The global fusion industry in 2023 - Fusion Companies Survey by the Fusion Industry Association (PDF) (Report). Fusion Industry Association. 12 July 2023. p. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
In this report, 25 companies think the first fusion plant will deliver electricity to the grid before 2035.
- ↑ "General Fusion: Investor". General Fusion. Archived from the original on 2 September 2003. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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