Comparative table of countries development
The development status of countries is assessed using various criteria by organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the United Nations (UN). The IMF classifies countries based on economic indicators such as GDP per capita and the structure of the economy, distinguishing between "Advanced Economies" and "Emerging and Developing Economies" (IMF, 2024). The World Bank primarily uses income classifications, categorizing countries as low, lower-middle, upper-middle, or high-income based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, reflecting both economic output and living standards (World Bank, 2024). The United Nations utilizes a multidimensional approach, incorporating the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines measures of life expectancy, education, and income to assess overall human development. Additionally, the UN considers criteria such as economic vulnerability and human assets when classifying Least Developed Countries (LDCs), focusing on structural disadvantages and the risk of economic instability (UNDP, 2024).
Methodology
Several organizations directly classify countries as "developed" or "developing," or use similar terms based on specific criteria such as income levels, infrastructure, and human development. These organizations use various metrics, including economic output, income, education, and health indicators, to determine development status, though the terms "developed" and "developing" can vary based on the context and organization. Some of these organizations include:
United Nations (UN)
The UN indirectly categorizes countries using indices such as the Human Development Index (HDI), which groups nations based on life expectancy, education, and income levels. While it does not formally use the term "developed" or "developing," the HDI serves as a key reference for classifying nations by development. Countries with high HDI scores are often considered developed, while those with low scores are labeled developing or underdeveloped.[1]
World Bank (WB)
The World Bank classifies countries into income groups (low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income) based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Although this is an income-based classification rather than a direct "developed" or "developing" label, it often serves as a de facto classification system for development.[2]
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The IMF distinguishes between Advanced Economies and Emerging and Developing Economies based on economic indicators like GDP and financial stability. While it doesn’t use "developed" per se, countries in the "Advanced Economies" group are often seen as developed, and those in the "Emerging and Developing Economies" group are considered developing.[3]
Other
The OECD has a set of 38 member countries, which are typically categorized as developed due to their high levels of industrialization, income, and governance. The organization also provides comparative reports on member and non-member countries, indirectly suggesting a developmental classification.[4]
Criteria
Developed countries are generally characterized by high GDP and GDP per capita, economic diversification, and strong financial markets. The IMF classifies them based on economic factors like stable growth, while the World Bank focuses on GNI per capita, poverty reduction, and access to education and healthcare. The UN uses the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines life expectancy, education, and income to assess development. Each organization emphasizes different aspects, with the IMF prioritizing economic structure, the World Bank focusing on social progress, and the UN combining both economic and human development indicators.
Comparison
| Factors | IMF | WB | UN |
|---|---|---|---|
| High GDP per capita | 
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| Economic diversification |
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| Stable economic growth |
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| Well-developed financial markets |
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| Poverty reduction |
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| Access to education |
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| |
| Good healthcare system |
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| |
| Life expectancy |
| ||
| Human Development Index (HDI) |
| ||
| Economic vulnerability |
| ||
| Human assets |
|
Comparative tables
Classified as developed by IMF and World Bank
Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank.
| Developed countries | ||
|---|---|---|
| Countries | IMF[5] | WB[6] |
| 2023 | ||
 Croatia |
Yes since 2023 | Yes since 2017 |
| 2021 | ||
 San Marino |
Yes since 2012 | Yes since 2000 |
| 2020 | ||
 Andorra |
Yes since 2020 | Yes since 1990 |
| 2015 | ||
 Lithuania |
Yes since 2015 | Yes since 2012 |
| 2014 | ||
 Latvia |
Yes since 2014 | Yes since 2012 |
| 2011 | ||
 Estonia |
Yes since 2011 | Yes since 2006 |
| 2009 | ||
 Slovakia |
Yes since 2009 | Yes since 2007 |
 Czech Republic |
Yes since 2009 | Yes since 2006 |
| 2008 | ||
 Malta |
Yes since 2008 | Yes since 2002 |
 Liechtenstein |
Yes since 2008 | Yes since 1990 |
 Monaco
|
Yes since 2008 | Yes before 1990 |
| 2007 | ||
 Slovenia |
Yes since 2007 | Yes since 1997 |
| 2005 | ||
 Portugal |
Yes since 1989[7] | Yes since 1994 |
| 2001 | ||
 Greece |
Yes since 1989[7] | Yes since 1996 |
 South Korea |
Yes since 1997[8] | Yes since 2001 |
 Cyprus |
Yes since 2001 | Yes since 1988 |
| 1999 | ||
 Singapore |
Yes since 1997[8] | Yes since 1987 |
| 1997 | ||
 Israel |
Yes since 1997[8] | Yes since 1987 |
 Taiwan |
Yes since 1997[8] | Yes since 1987 |
| 1996 | ||
 Ireland |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1995 | ||
 Spain |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Italy |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1994 | ||
 Finland |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1993 | ||
 France |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1992 | ||
 United Kingdom |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Austria |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Luxembourg |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1991 | ||
 Denmark |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| 1987 | ||
 New Zealand |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Iceland |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Sweden |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Australia |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Belgium |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Canada |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Germany |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Japan |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Netherlands |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 United States |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Norway |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
 Switzerland |
Yes since 1945 | Yes since 1987 |
| In process | ||
| Countries | IMF[5] | WB[6] |
 Russia |
No | Yes since 2023 |
 Uruguay
|
No | Yes since 2012 |
 Chile |
No | Yes since 2012 |
 Trinidad and Tobago |
No | Yes since 2006 |
 Romania |
No | Yes since 2021 |
 Panama
|
No | Yes since 2021 |
 Bahamas |
No | Yes since 1987 |
 Hungary |
No | Yes since 2014 |
 Poland |
No | Yes since 2009 |
 Kuwait |
No | Yes since 1987 |
 Bahrain |
No | Yes since 2001 |
 Oman |
No | Yes since 2007 |
 Saudi Arabia |
No | Yes since 2004 |
 United Arab Emirates |
No | Yes since 1987 |
 Brunei |
No | Yes since 1990 |
 Qatar |
No | Yes since 1987 |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis |
No | Yes since 2012 |
 Seychelles |
No | Yes since 2014 |
 Antigua and Barbuda
|
No | Yes since 2012 |
 Barbados
|
No | Yes since 2006 |
| Other recognitions | ||
| Countries | IMF[5] | WB[6] |
 Serbia |
No | No |
 Costa Rica |
No | No |
 Argentina |
No | No |
 Montenegro |
No | No |
 Kazakhstan |
No | No |
 Malaysia |
No | No |
 Turkey |
No | No |
 Georgia
|
No | No |
 Belarus
|
No | No |
 Bulgaria
|
No | Yes since 2023 |
 Guyana
|
No | Yes since 2022 |
 Thailand
|
No | No |
 Nauru
|
No | Yes since 2019 |
Detailed table
| Countries | Criteria
(Based on IMF, UN, and WB reports) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDI | High GDP per capita | Economic diversification | Stable economic growth | Well-developed financial markets | Poverty reduction | Access to education | Good healthcare system | Life expectancy | Economic vulnerability | Human assets | |
| Russia
|
|
||||||||||
| Uruguay
|
|
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| Chile
|
|
||||||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago
|
|
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| Romania
|
|
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| Panama
|
|
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| Bahamas
|
|
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| Hungary
|
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| Poland
|
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| Kuwait
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| Bahrain
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| Oman
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| Saudi Arabia
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| United Arab Emirates
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| Brunei
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| Qatar
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| Saint Kitts and Nevis
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| Seychelles
|
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| Antigua and Barbuda
|
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| Barbados
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| Serbia
|
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| Costa Rica
|
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| Argentina
|
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| Montenegro
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| Kazakhstan
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| Malaysia
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| Turkey
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| Georgia
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| Belarus
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| Bulgaria
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| Guyana
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| Thailand
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| Nauru
|
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References
- ↑ Nations, United. Human Development Index (Report). United Nations.
- ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ "World Economic Outlook - All Issues". IMF. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ "Members and partners". OECD. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 "World Economic Outlook, October 1989" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. Annual Report of the Executive Board. International Monetary Fund. October 1997. doi:10.5089/9781451945102.011. ISBN 9781451945102. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) Search this book on
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