Congolese Genocide
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This genocide occured under the reign of Leopold II of Belgium [1] This genocide has been thought to have been one of the largest in history. [2] It was the largest land mass controlled by one man. [3] This genocide has been thought to have been one of the largest in history. [4] Leopold held control of the terroitory starting in 1884. [5] It eventually be turned over to the Belgium in 1908. [6] This though was too late as the genocide had already occurred. Estimates of the death toll range from two million to fifteen million,[7][8][9] since accurate records were not kept. Historians Louis and Stengers in 1968 stated that population figures at the start of Leopold's control are only "wild guesses", and that attempts by E. D. Morel and others to determine a figure for the loss of population were "but figments of the imagination".[10]
Academic Disagreements[edit]
Robert Weisbord stated in the 2003 Journal of Genocide Research that attempting to eliminate a portion of the population is enough to qualify as genocide under the UN convention. In the case of the Congo Free State, the unbearable conditions would qualify as a genocide. Weisbord, Robert G. (2003). "The King, the Cardinal and the Pope: Leopold II's genocide in the Congo and the Vatican". Journal of Genocide Research 5: 35–45. doi:10.1080/14623520305651. Adam Hochschild, however, devotes a chapter of his book King Leopold's Ghost to the problem of estimating the death toll. He cites several recent lines of investigation, by anthropologist Jan Vansina and others, that examine local sources (police records, religious records, oral traditions, genealogies, personal diaries, and "many others"), which generally agree with the assessment of the 1919 Belgian government commission: roughly half the population perished during the Free State period. Since the first official census by the Belgian authorities in 1924 put the population at about 10 million, these various approaches suggest a rough estimate of a total of 10 million dead.[11]
Additional causes of deaths[edit]
Smallpox epidemics and sleeping sickness also devastated the disrupted population.[12] By 1896 the sleeping sickness had killed up to 5,000 Africans in the village of Lukolela on the Congo River. The mortality statistics were collected through the efforts of British consul Roger Casement, who found, for example, only 600 survivors of the disease in Lukolela in 1903.[13]
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- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=vYo-DO4tr-gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAGoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=MtPD5QjGyPIC&pg=PA76&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAWoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=vYo-DO4tr-gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAGoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=MtPD5QjGyPIC&pg=PA76&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAWoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=AHpFp2nsGyUC&pg=PA278&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAmoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=MtPD5QjGyPIC&pg=PA76&dq=congolese+genocide+leopold&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAWoVChMI_7_Xg_-VxgIVBCOsCh0hjQQp#v=onepage&q=congolese%20genocide%20leopold&f=false
- ↑ Forbath, Peter (1977). The River Congo: The Discovery, Exploration and Exploitation of the World's Most Dramatic Rivers. Harper & Row. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-06-122490-4. Search this book on
- ↑ Wertham, Fredric (1968). A Sign For Cain: An Exploration of Human Violence. ISBN 978-0-7091-0232-8. Search this book on [page needed]
- ↑ Hochschild, Adam (2006). King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. ISBN 978-1-74329-160-3. Search this book on [page needed]
- ↑ Louis, William Roger; Stengers, Jean (1968). E. D. Morel's History of the Congo Reform Movement. London: Clarendon. pp. 252–7. OCLC 685226763. Search this book on
- ↑ Hochschild, Adam (2006). King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. pp. 225–33. ISBN 978-1-74329-160-3. Search this book on
- ↑ "The 'Leopold II' concession system exported to French Congo with as example the Mpoko Company" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ↑ "Le rapport Casement annoté par A. Schorochoff" (PDF). Posted at the website for the Royal Union for Overseas Colonies, http://www.urome.be.
- Articles to be merged from June 2015
- Ethnic cleansing in Africa
- Forced marches
- Genocides
- Congo Free State
- Former Belgian colonies
- Former colonies in Africa
- History of Central Africa
- History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Political history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Human rights abuses
- States and territories established in 1885
- States and territories disestablished in 1908
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