Dai Wenxiong

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Dai Wenxiong (Chinese: 戴文雄; 1778-1873), whose courtesy name was Xiaozi Erlu (小子二闾), was a fourth-generation heir of Xinyiliuhequan (心意六合拳; "The Heart-Intention-Six-Harmonies Fist"), and a second-generation heir of Dai Clan Xinyiquan (戴氏心意拳; "The Dai Style Heart-Intention Fist"), the ancestral arts of modern (Xing Yi Quan 形意拳; "The Form of Intention Fist").[1]  Xinyiliuhequan was refined into Xinyi by Dai clan martial arts progenitor (and Dai Wenxiong's forebear), Dai Longbang (戴龍邦). Though Dai Wenxiong is of great importance in Xing Yi Quan's history, he is often overlooked or under-mentioned in written materials dealing with the Art's development. Why this is can only be speculated upon.

Dai Wenxiong was from Xiaohan Village, Qixian County, Shanxi Province, and Dai Longbang's second son, though some sources state Dai Wenxiong was Longbang's nephew through his brother, Dai Linbang (戴林邦). Born in the 43rd year of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) Qing Dynasty (清朝), Dai Wenxiong died at age 96, twelve years after the Tongzhi Emperor's (同治帝) ascension to the Dragon Throne (龍椅) as the Qing Dynasty’s 10th monarch. During Dai Wenxiong's lifetime, the Qing dynasty was in its final decline, ending as China's final imperial dynasty thirty-eight years after Dai Wenxiong's passing.

Dai Wenxiong was the mentor and final teacher of Li Luoneng (李洛能; 1807–1888), the founder of modern Xing Yi Quan. Li Luoneng refined and expanded the San Quan (三拳; Three Fists) of Dai Clan Xinyiquan into the Wu Xing Quan (五行拳; Five Elements Fists) and combined such with the Shi Er Xing (十二形;Twelve Animals) passed down from Dai Wenxiong's forebear to form the foundation of the Xing Yi Quan practiced today, specifically in the Hebei and Shanxi branches.[2][4] According to tenth-generation Xing Yi Master, Lu Shengli (魯胜利), the grounds for Dai Longbang (rather than Dai Wenxiong) being listed as Li Luoneng's teacher is - hypothetically - that: ".....Dai Wenxiong put Li [Luoneng] under his father's name because, according to Chinese tradition, he had to obey his father's injunction not to teach and so would not want to be officially listed as Li's teacher. This, of course, is only conjecture; the truth of what really happened will probably never be known."[3]

References

1.     Cartmell, Tim and Miller, Dan.  “Xing Yi Nei Gong: Xing Yi Health Maintenance and Internal Strength Development”. (Dai Style Xing Yi Quan [戴式形意拳]), (Li Neng Ran [李能然]), pg.8. Beckett Media LLC, 1994.

2.     Johnson, Aaron. “Twelfth Generation Training Journal of the Shen Long Tang Shou Tao Lineage of Hsing-I Ch’uan”. (Lineage and History), pg.55, recorded 2009.

3.     Shengli, Lu. “Combat Techniques of Taiji, Xingyi, and Bagua : Principles and Practices of Internal Martial Arts”. Translated by Zhang Yun. XingYiQuan: History and Lineage-(Dai Longbang and Old Shanxi Style), (Li Luoneng, The Greatest Xingyi Quan Master), pgs. 19-22. (Yin Cheng Gong Fa Association): Blue Snake Books, 2006.

4.     Szymanski, Jarek. "Xinyiquan and Xingyiquan". (Dai Wenxiong-Shanxi Province Xingyi - Very Possible)". (essay) #2. ChinaFromInside.Com. (http://www.chinafrominside.com/ma/xyxy/guoweihan.html), 2002.

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