Dialogics

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Dialogics (from the Greek διαλογικός, der. di διά “through” λόγος “discourse”) is the science which analyses and studies the discursive configurations generated in the interaction between humans through the use of natural language (also called ordinary language)..

The object of knowledge of Dialogics is understood as text-based observational data i.e. what occurs in the use by humans of natural language, in all its forms and codifications (graphic, phonetic, gestural). Every discursive production represents a “text” which, in the intertwining of discursive possibilities, creates "discursive events" (discursive configurations) having the status of reality liable to detection and measurement. Dialogics is thus concerned with how natural language discursively configures what common sense defines as “reality”. Moreover, it allows not only to describe the process that leads to the genesis of discursive configurations, but also to measure it: this is achieved starting from the formalization of the elements of language (defined as discursive repertories), and observing their impact on the reality settings by which the human community and its members are surrounded. Because of these specific features, Dialogics differs from the disciplines dealing with signs and linguistic rules understood as instruments of communication and vehicles of information, choosing to adopt methodologies aimed at observing the "textual architectures" through which the elements of natural language, in their use and interaction, configure discursive realities; in common sense, “factual realities”.

In the field of pure research, Dialogics is concerned with the observation, study and definition of the elements that form discursive configurations. All using specific methodologies, investigation tools and software to map and measure, for example, the variability, massiveness and flexibility of the discursive configurations under observation.

On the other hand, the contribution of Dialogics as an applied science places it as a science that, with its theoretical and methodological instruments allows the analysis and measurement of discursive interactions between humans, and with its operational tools enables the change of discursive configurations produced in such interactions. Therefore, it provides an operational toolkit which, depending on the objective of the intervention, promotes the genesis and reconfiguration of previously unavailable or unforeseeable reality settings.

History

Dialogics represents the result of a knowledge effort whose vision began in the early 1980s from the intersection between the philosophical interest in natural (or ordinary) language, the post-modern tradition in the humanities and discursive sciences and the epistemological space opened up by quantum physics at the turn of the century.

On the side of philosophy, the central authors who sparked the laying of the foundations of Dialogics are Ludwig Wittgenstein, Hans Georg Gadamer and Michel Foucault. Starting from the logical-formal tradition of Gottlob Frege, studies on language have strongly characterized the intellectual scenario of the last century, to the point of considering the problem of language as the most relevant philosophical-scientific problem. Within the reflections of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century, language, with its possibilities in the weaving of everyday reality, has come to gain a theoretical position of the first order. It is precisely in this intellectual scenario that Dialogics has found its founding ground.

With regard to Wittgenstein's philosophy of ordinary language, Dialogics takes up and reformulates the path and the shift that the author makes in relation to considering language first as a “calculation”, then as a “system” and finally as a “form of life”. According to the author, language, through a multiplicity of different and possible “uses”, contributes to generate and maintain different settings of “discursive realities”. Each use, each “language game” has its own specific rules that make it recognizable, shareable and, indeed, usable. Changing the rule modifies the use and therefore the structure of discursive reality generated in the use of ordinary language.

As for Gadamer's hermeneutics, the most relevant theme for Dialogics is the central role attributed to the text and to the critique of the alleged neutrality of the observer. The text is an embodiment of thought in history and the access to it is not a process comparable to scientific discovery. Every knowledge act is a hermeneutic act where the reader, on the basis of the cultural context to which he/she belongs and the knowledge he/she brings, seeks and finds different meanings. Therefore, textual knowledge is not an incontrovertible truth, as the interaction between text and reader varies over time and cultural geography.

Michel Foucault's exegesis is another fundamental contribution to Dialogics. The French philosopher, through the study of madness, of the medical gaze, of the epistemic foundations, of psychiatric institutions and prison structures outlines a historical-discursive modality for the study of knowledge. The history of human knowledge is given in no other way than through text archives. In reading them, it is possible to dig deep and bring out that episteme, those “rules of discourse” on which an entire intellectual period is founded: these rules show themselves as sets of "discursive events" discontinuous from one another, therefore definable and distinguishable, as well as in interaction with each other.

On the side of the post-modern tradition in the humanities and discursive sciences, Dialogics embraces some central notions such as: the critique and dismissal of the construct of psyche as an individual-internal element, the concept of reality as a social construction, the theoretical-methodological interest in language and the exploration of discursive analysis methods. With the progression of the constructivist and interactionist perspectives, it is proposed to shift the focus of study of these disciplines from investigating the structure of the psyche to exploring how the meanings that people use to navigate the world and orient themselves in life contexts are constructed. In this research perspective opened up by post-modern reflection, Dialogics identifies as its object of investigation the "discursive modalities" that can be employed by humans in the configuration of "social realities". Hence, the transition is a step forward: we go beyond and leave the field of all humanities and discursive sciences by doing something different. The object of investigation of Dialogics is no longer just "meanings" and their construction, but rather the ways in which natural language is used and how it configures "meaning", "sense" for discursive events of reality. All of this is given a numerical value that allows the possibility of measuring the properties of discursive configurations.

Another central point for the foundation of Dialogics is the philosophical and scientific contribution of quantum physics and, in particular, the epistemological value of Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. In these terms, the vision of Dialogics embraces the paradigmatic shift inaugurated by the 1927 formulation and subsequent interpretation of Copenhagen: in assuming the measurement of two subatomic quantities, such as position and momentum, impossible without a minimum amount of uncertainty, Heisenberg questioned the entire scientific picture of the world. With quantum physics the notion of interaction is introduced and formalized for the first time, since it is impossible to ignore the ways in which the observer and the observed interact in generating the measured reality. Hence Dialogics, placing itself in what are called interactionist paradigms, incorporates in its foundations, theories and methods a principle of uncertainty intrinsic to the interaction between the elements of discursive settings which, in their use by humans, configure "discursive events", i.e. configurations considered by common sense to be factual realities and subsistent states of things.

Starting from such philosophical and epistemological references, Dialogics sprouts from the possibility of studying the interaction between the discursive modalities used by humans in order to generate shared realities, represented by linguistic/semantic constructs such as “conflict”, “mental illness”, “drug addict”, “violence” or “health”, making them susceptible to interventions in a transformative perspective.

Given these assumptions, since the 1980s, the first Dialogics' research group of the University of Padua (headed by Professor Gian Piero Turchi) has worked on the definition and formalization of the usage modalities (also called usage rules) of natural language. Early research made it possible to analyze different types of text fragments in order to detect and define a number of 'clusters' of rules representing the ways in which natural language can manifest itself and be used: these are called discursive repertories. It was around 2005 when Dialogics had a first glossary, i.e. a list containing an initial mapping of the first forms of discursive repertory. In 2007 the research accelerated, and the researchers developed the Methodology for the Analysis of Computerized Textual Data (Metodologia per l’Analisi dei Dati Informatizzati Testuali, M.A.D.I.T.): this defines the methodological steps that allow the observation and analysis of the elements that constitute discursive configurations in even greater detail. The number of repertories is around seventy. In 2009, thanks again to the possibility of applying the method, the researchers continued with the refinement of the distinctions and clarifications of similarities and differences between repertories: these are translated into order classes, making it possible to arrange the repertories in a periodic-type table containing approximately 40 “elements”. In 2011, following further research and experiments in textual analysis, the table of discursive repertories was further elaborated, resulting in a second version. With this transition, the number of repertories decreases again and at the same time the precision of the measurements increases; it becomes possible to describe more and more precisely the natural language rule represented by the repertories. In 2012, further research and the introduction of new textual analysis software contributed to the development of a third table of repertoires, this time of a semi-radial type. In the latter version, the elements of the discursive configurations are organized taking into account the phylogenetic pathway that characterized the occurrence of a certain way of using natural language, starting from "primitive" discursive repertories.

Characteristics and general concepts

Dialogics takes as its object of study natural (or ordinary) language, the discursive modalities through which it manifests itself in its usage, and the pragmatic impact these have on the discursive configurations of reality. This science defines language as a set of symbolic units, rules of application and rules of usage. The term "symbolic unit" refers to any sign to which is given a purely conventional value. Letters, words or ideograms of an idiom (as well as gestures, braille signs, etc.) are examples of symbolic units, as they are phonetic, graphic or gestural signs that are assigned a symbolic value of signification within a region of linguistic codification. Instead, the "rules of application" are the modalities that guide the composition, decomposition or grouping of symbolic units and as such should be understood the syntactic and grammatical rules that characterize an idiom. Lastly, "rules of usage" refers to those rules which, on the basis of the use of a term, make it possible to confer a value upon the term itself. In the foundations of Dialogics, the rules of usage are considered to be the denotative, connotative and ostensive valences of language.

Within the scientific community, language is the subject of a wide range of disciplines; however, among the ones that deal with the “logos”, Dialogics proposal aims to assume a particular position. Beyond semiotics, concerned with studying the signs and grammar of a symbolic system, linguistics, which studies human language at the level of syntax and grammar, cybernetics, dealing with communication and the transmission of information, or philology, which aims to study the origin and variation of symbolic units in history, Dialogics proposes to shift from a conception of language as a container and vehicle of information, thus exclusively as a communicative tool and constructor of meanings, to a conception of language that, starting from particular rhetorical-argumentative architectures, is also a tool for weaving and configuring the sense of reality.

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Representation of disciplines dealing with language and its formal components.

Therefore, rather than focusing on what language is and what its functions are, Dialogics also aims to study what language does, how it does it, and what are the implications of a particular use of language on the discursive configurations of reality. This by focusing not only on content components (which concern idioms) but also on rules of usage which, at the superordinate level of what is known as dialogical process, incorporate and contemplate linguistic contents, too. Thus, what Dialogics proposes is to position itself on the study of the different impact and contribution that specific modalities of natural language usage (discursive repertories) have in configuring discursive realities endowed with pragmatic effects, implications, repercussions and consequences on the lives of humans.

The key assumption considered in the formalization of discursive repertories is the concept of interaction, defined as:

«Diachronic process through which, starting from two or more elements generated by the same process (previously and simultaneously), settings/configurations are generated which can be described by - and therefore belong to - either formal (therefore theoretical) languages or natural-ordinary language».

Interaction is thus defined as a dialogical, continuous and perpetual process in which at least two elements of it, thanks to the generative possibilities of uncertainty, give rise to settings that lean towards stability; i.e., in the case of the process formalized by Dialogics, the discursive configurations of the sense of reality. The availability of the interactive process generates by itself, as its own outcome, a series of products of an indeterminable nature; but, as soon as a science is able to identify, define and employ the rules that allow for the management of the process itself, the margin of uncertainty can be reduced and thus managed. This makes it possible to give a direction to what is generated by the elements that constitute a discursive configuration, promoting particular settings of it.

Examples of 'processes' and 'interactions' are ubiquitous in the realm of scientific productions. Take biochemistry, for example, where interaction lies in the metabolic process in which interacting elements, such as nucleic acids, generate biological structures with variable stability such as cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Take also particle physics, where interaction lies in the energetic process by which subatomic particles generate more or less stable atomic configurations such as chemical elements, molecules, compounds and substances. On the basis of these conceptual pillars, Dialogics positions the human species (as the user of natural language) within an interactive theoretical-epistemological vision, where the fundamental process to be described is neither the metabolic process in biochemistry nor the energetic process in quantum physics. The process that characterizes the members of the human species is what is known as “dialogical process”. In the same way as metabolic and energetic processes, the dialogical process also generates, in the interaction between the rules of natural language usage (discursive repertories and process properties), discursive configurations of more or less stable realities.

The Table of Discursive Repertories

Dialogics, by focusing on the rhetorical-argumentative architecture within which the contents of the text are employed and on the rules of usage that characterize language, transforms the textual data into a discursive configuration of the sense of what we call 'reality' in everyday life.

Discursive configurations generate a constantly changing theoretical space, as what is generated in turn interacts with that space. The partitions of "discursive space", formalized according to the conceptualizations of Dialogics, are called discursive repertories, defined as:

«finite mode of configuration of reality, linguistically understood, with pragmatic value, which also groups together several statements (called "archipelagos of meaning"), articulated in concatenated sentences and diffused with the value of assertion of truth, aimed at generating (configuring)/maintaining a narrative coherence».

At methodological level, the knowledge operation is declined in the description of the joints of the text (understood as discursive production) that make a particular configuration peculiar and typical. This description translates into the denomination of the discursive repertories that generate the text under investigation and that have been defined and grouped in a semi-radial periodic table. This table includes a finite set of repertories (26) with no limitations on their combination and extension possibilities.

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Table describing the different forms of natural language usage (called Discursive Repertories) studied in Dialogics, in their latest available definition.

The table is defined as periodic exactly as in chemistry, where the properties of the elements vary in a periodic fashion. It is organized in semi-radial form and describes phylogenetically the synthesis of the elements it contains. Starting from the interaction between the "primordial" processual properties ( indicated in the table by the letters "A" and "B"), all further modalities of language usage are gradually coined. The processual properties of each discursive repertory are defined by propositions describing the knowledge criteria that allow to isolate the properties themselves at the moment of denomination. This implies that in the course of the analysis of discursive production a text excerpt, considered as a finite mode of configuration of the sense of reality, can be denominated as such on the basis of the saturation of the processual properties described in the periodic table.

Depending on their properties and characteristics, discursive repertories are divided into three order classes and a theoretical group. The three classes are:

• generative discursive repertories, defined as rules of natural language usage that are characterized by preserving and promoting a drive towards the generation of novel discursive configurations and the reconfiguration of those that are already available;
• maintenance discursive repertories, defined as rules of natural language usage that contribute to maintaining discursive configurations "identical to themselves" with respect to the processual properties;
• hybrid discursive repertories, defined as rules of natural language usage that can take on both a maintenance and a generative orientation, not providing individually neither the possibility of the generation of configurations of sense other than those in progress (variability of the discursive process), nor the possibility of the maintenance of what is being configured (stability of the discursive process). They assume and add a generation or maintenance value depending on the class of repertories with which they interact in the configuration.

The theoretical group of artificial discursive repertories denotes rules of natural language usage that generate/maintain/configure reality by affirmation or assertion. These two modes differ in that the former does not make explicit the assumptions on which it is based, so the reality that is configured stands as true in itself (the way of common sense), while the latter finds its foundation in the explicitness of the knowledge assumptions it adopts (the way of scientific sense).

Each discursive repertory is characterized by three parameters that allow the discursive space to be distributed: narrative coherence, generativity and dialogicity. Each has been given a numerical value by virtue of the interaction between the available process properties. Starting from these aspects, in addition to presenting itself as a pure science, Dialogics also finds operational translation by defining a chain of knowledge that starts with the denomination of the theoretical unit, moves on to the precision of the measurement (hence theory and method), and finally arrives at an operational model that makes it possible to intervene on the discursive configurations.

Research on discursive repertories has made it possible to detect two indices of magnitude specific to discursive configurations:

• generativity, measured by units of dialogic weight, which represents the generative contribution of potential "discursive realities" that each repertory brings to the genesis of a discursive configuration with respect to the group to which it belongs (generative, maintenance, hybrid repertories). The formula that allows the calculation of the dialogic weight of a given discursive configuration $(D{w}_{c,f,x})$ is as follows ("Dw" indicates the dialogic weight of the individual repertory, while "c" indicates the correction parameter given by the class to which the discursive repertory belongs).

$D{w}_{c,f,x}=\frac{\frac{\sum (c*d{w}^2)}{\sum Dw}+10}{2}$

• dialogicity, measured by units of dialogic moment, representing the strength of the bond between the processual properties that weave the repertories, provides the possibility of detecting how much a discursive configuration can be "flexible", therefore modifiable. The formula that allows the calculation of the dialogic moment of a configuration $(D{m}_{conf})$ is as follows (with "VL" is defined the value of the link and with "N" the number of bonds between the discursive repertories detected).

$D{m}_{conf}=\frac{\sum VL(N)}{\sum N}$

The first of the two dimensions expresses an internal characteristic of the discursive repertory, as it indicates a value that comes directly from the processual properties that give shape to the repertory itself. The second, on the other hand, accounts for the capacity of repertories to bind together in the weaving of discursive productions, keeping the configuration narratively cohesive and coherent.

In the field of research and intervention, once the discursive configuration has been collected, it is analyzed using the formalization represented by the semi-radial table, in order to measure the dialogic weight and the dialogic moment of the configuration itself. Thanks to these operations, starting from the observational data collected, the researcher is able to have a description and a measure of the impact of a configuration on the reality of common sense, to anticipate the possible discursive configurations that will be generated, as well as to design and implement a possible operational plan of intervention.

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M.A.D.I.T. methodology

On the basis of its foundations and theories of reference, Dialogic has adopted a specific methodology called M.A.D.I.T. (Methodology for the Analysis of Computerized Textual Data). This methodology provides two methods, one for textual analysis, the other for the design and implementation of intervention projects which have Dialogics as their reference and which in turn may include the application of textual analysis (e.g. to report, in terms of measurement, on the evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention).

The aim of M.A.D.I.T. for textual analysis is to offer an account of the usage value of the symbolic units of language, i.e., their belonging to different discursive repertories. The denomination of the theoretical unit "discursive repertory" entails the transformation of a "generic" discursive process into a dialogical process, by giving value (the rule of usage) to the discursive process itself. Measurement accuracy is applied through the logical-formal organization of the properties of discursive repertories into a theory of measurement aimed at quantifying and defining these properties according to numerical, logical and/or geometric values.

Within M.A.D.I.T. the observational data are called "text" (all written, oral and gestural discursive productions) and represent what can be collected and analyzed in terms of processual properties and discursive repertories of the dialogical process. In order to collect the analysis text, a particular portion of the discursive space is defined, called "generative question": in this way there is a "text that generates other text", i.e. a modality of using natural language that promotes and triggers the weaving of a discursive configuration and that makes it liable to measurement. Once the text to be analyzed has been generated and collected, the analyst (the one who carries out the denomination process) can apply the six steps of the methodology for the denomination of discursive repertories:

1. asking yourself the question that generated the answer;
2. anticipate the discursive configurations of reality that generate the possible answers to the question;
3. identify the argumentative passages, the "joints" of the answer;
4. read the collected text in relation to what was anticipated (i.e. compare it);
5. denominating the discursive repertories by using the definition of discursive repertory and the elements anticipated in point 3;
6. identify possible content elements that can construct the repertory (archipelagos of meaning).

The text analyst, through the application of M.A.D.I.T., even without having any direct experience of the contexts and arguments reported in the texts being analyzed, is able to trace the argumentative structure that supports the discursive production of the text, starting from the answers to the questions asked. From a process perspective, responses that may seem identical by virtue of the content they carry, are not necessarily so with respect to the discursive process they contribute to generate. Conversely, discursive productions that are characterized by different content elements can be identified by the same denomination, given the same proposed modality of argumentation.

The other line of the methodology, i.e., M.A.D.I.T. for design and research, was developed with the aim of providing researchers and practitioners with guidelines that are shared and can be transversal to various contexts and situations. This means that working with M.A.D.I.T. enables to operate regardless of a specific field of application (from mediation to health promotion, from community cohesion to social housing). M.A.D.I.T. has in fact been made applicable to pure research and research-intervention projects that may focus on youth distress, community or individual health, violence, conflict or civil or criminal litigation.

This second method comprises five steps in a specific hierarchy:

1. Definition of premise and need;
2. Definition of the objective with reference to the epistemological level appropriate to the object of intervention;
3. Outlining strategies coherent with the pursuit of the defined objective;
4. Use of appropriate tools to implement the operational plan;
5. Planning of actions to be implemented.

The M.A.D.I.T. methodology, as much for the analysis of the text as for the planning, research and intervention, is thus the reference for every researcher and practitioner who relies on the references of Dialogics and the operational model that develops from it.

Dialogical Identity Theory (TID)

Within Dialogics, the "Dialogical Identity Theory" (TID) is considered as the main theory of reference. TID describes the way in which the processual elements of natural language (discursive repertories and processual properties) interact with each other and give shape to discursive configurations (which in this case are called "dialogical identities"). This theory thus makes it possible to delve into the 'matter' that composes the discursive space. TID can be applied both in pure research, where it aims at describing data and promoting new knowledge, and in intervention, where it aims at transforming the discursive configurations of which humans are both promoters and users.

The possible value of a specific discursive configuration is attributed on the basis of what arises from the interaction between discursive repertories and their processual properties. The outcomes of such interactive entanglements give substance to a discursive configuration that is called “dialogical identity”. The dialogical identity fluctuates between interactive modalities of maintenance and generativity, thus being characterized, at the time of detection, by precise values of generativity and dialogicity.

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The configuration of a dialogical identity emerges from the possible entanglements within the discursive space, which represents a theoretical space with five dimensions, composed of three polarities and two dimensional properties of the dialogical process.

Interacting with each other, the first three dimensions generate the discursive configuration (and thus that specific use of discursive 'elements' that define a dialogical identity); these are represented by the "personalis" polarity, the "alter" polarity and the "propter omnia/omnes" polarity. The "personalis" polarity (also called "report" or "self-attribution") generates and at the same time occupies the discursive space in reference to discursive productions characterized by the use of the first person singular and plural (e.g. "I" and "We"; "He/She/It" and "They"), moving in a self-attributive dimension in current (e.g. "I/We am/are"), retrospective (e.g. "I/We was/were"), and anticipatory (e.g. "I/We will be") terms. The grammatical precipitate that sees the identification of the first and third person singular and plural (I, He/She/It, We and They) in correspondence with the personalis polarity is peculiar to the Italian idiom; where another idiom is used as a reference, such as the ideographic one, the polarities are similar/analogous but are represented in relation to other symbolic units specific to that encoding. The "alter" polarity (also called "narration" or "hetero-attribution") defines all those discursive productions that, in the declension of the Italian idiom, refer to the second person singular and plural ("You") and which express a sense that moves towards something, attributing to the outside (outside the polarity) configurations of sense that rest on something that is already present (that has already made itself available in the dialogical process). The narrative form organizes the discourse around the hetero-attributive dimension, i.e. "external" attributions in current (e.g. "You are"), retrospective (e.g. "You were"), and anticipatory (e.g. "You will be") terms. The third polarity is called 'propter omnia/omnes' (also called the 'collective matrix') and consists of all the discursive productions that common sense, at a given discursive moment, makes available even before they are employed (i.e. before they find use in terms of 'personalis' or 'alter' form). This 'reservoir' polarity is necessary, in theoretical terms, to the definition of the other two, as natural language potentially offers all those possibilities that can then be declined into personalis and alter.

The three polarities are interconnected and interdependent, i.e. they are in a dialogical relationship (insofar as they are given a value), and diachronically generate processual dimensions called 'dialogical identities'. The dialogical identity should be understood as a "theoretical construct" (therefore not as a "factual reality", although it has pragmatic implications) that defines, in processual terms, a discursive configuration in constant transformation. Originating from the dialogical interaction between discursive productions, it does not refer to any content and to any "wrapping" that contains it. In the context of this theoretical adoption, it is assumed that "persons", "health", "communities", "organizations", "mental disorders", "mourning" etc. are not factually understood entities or realities dictated by biological, physical or juridical aspects, but are themselves considered dialogical identities (i.e. discursive configurations) that generate and belong to the discursive space.

Identity is "dialogical" due to the fact that it is generated in the intersections of discursive polarities as a diachronic flow; is constantly 'mutable' by virtue of the ongoing dialogue (the interaction in the dialogical process) between discursive productions pertaining to the polarities personalis, alter and propter omnia. In addition, infinite dialogical identities can be configured in each polarity, putting each one of them in interaction with the entire discursive space created by the infinite modalities of natural language usage. Taking this into account, it is specified that the narrative time in which "personalis" is expressed is discursively (but not necessarily chronologically) different from the time of the "alter" polarity. In fact, coinciding discursive times would imply that they overlap. This property of the dialogical process is called 'discursive time' or 'kairos'. In the operational field, such conceptualization allows, for example, to collect in the same chronological time discursive configurations that are arranged in different discursive times. Suppose, for example, the need to evaluate the impact of a biographical event, such as an accident or a bereavement, on a person's life. In the "present" chronological time, thanks to the concept of "discursive time", it is possible to collect discursive configurations in a future (or retrospective) projection. From here, once the characteristics of the configurations have been analyzed, the operator has data describing the impact of a certain event on the person's future life and is in the position to design a health promotion intervention aimed at "reabsorbing" the biographical event.

Finally, in addition to the three dimensions and the discursive time, there is the fifth theoretical dimension that constitutes the dialogical identity: the narrative coherence. This is defined as "organizing property of the elements constituting the discursive productions, capable of (temporarily) maintaining constant their congruence and integrity". When a dialogical identity is generated, each polarity, by virtue of the intrinsic characteristic of the dialogical process, is characterized by its own and specific narrative coherence, a sort of "binding force" between discursive elements that in turn interacts with the whole dialogical identity. Each polarity is regulated by the mutual interaction between the vertex of the dialogic identity and the vertices of each polarity. In this way, referring to the graphical representation of the TID, the vertices are suspended in the discursive space and endowed with a "curvature" (given by the narrative coherence) that leans towards the "heart" of the discursive configuration. Therefore, the whole dialogical identity that is produced at a certain discursive moment generates a space of the dialogical process that has a penta-dimensional layout.

The discursive space is therefore not one, but multiple and characterized by five dimensions, shaped by the individual polarities and the various dialogical identities that are brought into play. This representation makes it possible to assert that generating and occupying the discursive space at one point implies for a discursive configuration the possibility of simultaneously generating and occupying it at other points of configuration. This makes it possible for any discursive process to belong to the 'whole' and the 'whole' (the discursive space) to be in any discursive process. At a methodological and operational level, the possibility of carrying out an intervention is therefore given at every moment, insofar as acting in transformative terms on a discursive configuration allows, in terms of possibility, to have access to the "whole" and from any point of configuration it becomes possible to access and reach the whole. Finally, depending on the distance between the discursive polarities (as measured by dialogic weight and moment values), are generated configurations that make possible, in pragmatic terms, different degrees of plasticity or staticity of the interactive settings.

Theoretical constructs of relevance

In Dialogics, the objects of research, study and intervention are discursive configurations, a collection of theoretical productions and data archives that find application in all those domains in which humans find themselves interacting. Among the various 'families' of configurations, one in particular is of peculiar interest for the operativity of this science: the construct of health.

The construct of health and the concept of soundness

Within the theoretical references of Dialogics, the configurations of "health" are defined as "the set of modalities, discursively understood, of configuration of reality that contemplate in terms of anticipation the onset of pathologies and/or the generation of theories on illness".

This definition does not focus on the question "what is health?", anchoring itself in an infinity of possible contents and connotations, but on the question "how is health configured?", emphasizing the set of interactive processes and modalities on which humans then create the outcome "health". This definition therefore aims to be maximally inclusive of the possible contents and connotations that in natural language can give weight and shape to this construct; Therefore, one moves away from a conception of health as a declaration of a 'state' or of the availability of an 'entity', towards a conception of health as a modality expressible in the dialogical process, i.e. in the interactive modalities used by humans.

By defining health as a configuration resulting from the intertwining of discursive processes, it becomes possible for Dialogics to make a distinction between the construct of "health" and the concept of "soundness". Where the former concerns all discursive productions and their pragmatic effects on the lives of humans, thus involving the level of reality configured through the use of natural language, the latter, soundness, concerns a completely different sphere of reality, which is the subject of intervention by medicine and the sciences that support it: that is, the level of the “body”. By making this hiatus, Dialogics assumes that health is able to encompass and manage the soundness level. This implies that the expression of health can occur even where the soundness sphere is severely compromised; on the other hand, if soundness were to encompass and govern the health plan, where the body is compromised, i.e. where there is no soundness, there could not even be configured health.

Applying these assumptions, the intervention of the dialogic practitioner can focus on promoting people's expression of interactive modalities aimed at managing the contingencies of their lives, both on a purely dialogic and on an organic level. With regard to the former, one thinks for example of configurations of youth discomfort, conflict patterns in families, the construction of one's own life project or the resolution of a critical moment. With regard to the latter, one thinks of the entry into people's lives of what are defined as pathological organic 'states', such as the loss of certain motor functions, the diagnosis of pathologies such as diabetes, HIV or cancer syndromes.

By promoting modalities that lean towards a maximum degree of health, humans can be put in the position of defining goals and criteria, shaping strategies and implementing actions and interactive modalities that allow them to manage critical events in their lives (also on the organic level, i.e. regarding soundness). In fact, in the case of pathologies, it is precisely through health modalities that people are able to manage the soundness level, as they are in the position to anticipate the implications (as well as the consequences) of their behaviors also on an organic level.

Taking this reference into account it is always possible to intervene with a view to health promotion. In cases involving the body, such as diagnoses of terminal pathologies, impairments or disabling conditions, working to ensure that 'illness' is only one portion of people's lives (e.g. "I am sick and therefore I have to take care of my body, but I am also a father and a husband, so I can also play these roles", "I'm a professional basketball player and I'm in a wheelchair. But I can offer my experience to a team and therefore I can coach them”). In cases involving the entire biographical sphere, working to configure critical events as an opportunity for change and no longer exclusively as an interruption of one's biography: think of the biographical redesign work of an 'entrepreneur in crisis', the probationary status of a minor in the context of restorative justice, the divorce decision of a couple, conflictual relationships between apartment blocks or neighborhood residents, and so on.

The Dialogic Operating Model (DOM)

Starting from the contributions of theoretical Dialogics, it has been possible to define a knowledge chain that as a terminal part has defined a specific modality of intervention: the Dialogic Operating Model (MOD).

The MOD is placed within the founding framework of the "narrativistic paradigm" (which belongs to the interactionist paradigms), which delimits the knowledge modalities by virtue of which it becomes possible to formalize discursive configurations, attesting to them in the paradigm that puts the founding elements of formal language as a knowledge tool of discursive configurations.

The discursive productions that develop in natural language are shown to be endowed with a binding force that maintains their unity and narrative coherence. Since the progress of the dialogical process is uncertain, i.e. the interaction between the elements of this process is not determined, the methodological level of reference is the one of describing. The absence of causal links does not make it possible to employ the notion of prediction of future reality, but rather the one of anticipation, which allows to evoke and manage multiple, different and uncertain discursive configurations that may occur and that have not yet occurred. Prediction returns a single 'causal' reality that is already determined, while anticipation, starting from the available discursive elements and the narrative coherence of these discursive productions, offers a range of configurations of uncertain/possible realities, each of which is potentially 'viable'.

Starting from the narrativistic paradigm, the MOD considers "discursive productions" as its theoretical assumption (the object of intervention), i.e. the set of data made available by the Dialogical Identity Theory (TID) and by what pertains to the formalization of the elements of the dialogical process (discursive repertories and processual properties). Based on these assumptions, the knowledge criterion for intervention is of "dialogic" type: this puts the practitioner in the position of activating an intervention plan wherever natural language shows up. This means that although the discursive configuration subject to intervention is characterized by a high density and potential for absorbing other configurations, and therefore tends to remain identical to itself, it is always possible to intervene to reconfigure it precisely because the discursive matter is a process uncertain in its own progress. Continuing, the objective of the MOD is the reconfiguration and transformation of discursive configurations. In pursuit of this objective, the model envisages two strategic lines. The first is the modification of narrative coherence through the insertion of " dyscrasical discursive elements" into the discursive configuration (i.e. aimed at modifying the bonds of the configuration). The second is adherence to the text, which makes it possible to identify, precisely from the collected text, the most effective dyscrasical element, thus grasping the discursive elements that allow to modify the value of the rhetorical-argumentative links between the elements already present and promoting the genesis of discursive configurations that the text initially offered was not able to contemplate and anticipate. The last part of the MOD is represented by operational praxis, which stand as rhetorical-argumentative artifices and are called "stratagems". Since the discursive configurations are the focus of the model, the stratagems are also discursive configurations, but constructed ad hoc by the dialogic operator according to the intervention project. MOD praxis are:

1. collection of the text;
2. observation of the discursive configuration;
3. anticipation of possible discursive scenarios that may unfold from what has been collected and observed;
4. promotion of the reconfiguration of the discursive configurations that are the object of intervention through "triggering stratagems";
5. evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention;
6. promotion of the maintenance/generation of discursive configurations oriented towards the intervention objective

Dialogics' fields of application

The knowledge chain described so far enables the construction and planning of social interventions with an impact on the community. This is made possible by the formalization of the dialogic process and the interactive modalities available to humans: therefore, wherever natural language is used, Dialogics can offer its contribution.

The fields of application most frequently tested so far are as follows.

Penal, civil and commercial, family and community mediation

- Since 2007 until today (2021), promotion of the study and application of Dialogics with emphasis on Mediation and in general in various fields such as Health, Justice, Education, Organizations, etc., in collaboration with the Mediation Directorate of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. Development of courses and conferences at the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Córdoba, Council of Doctors of the Province of Córdoba, Italian Institute of Culture of Córdoba, Siglo 21 University, Ministry of Education of Córdoba, Ministry of Social Action of Córdoba, National Academy of Sciences, Provincial University of Córdoba, National University of La Rioja, Delegation of the World Mediation Forum of the Province of Tucumán, Ministry of Justice of Catamarca, Office of the Ombudsman of Río Cuarto, Cervantes University of the National University of Cuyo in Río Cuarto, Association of Mediators of Río Cuarto and Córdoba, Association of Architects of Córdoba, Bar Association of Córdoba, Blas Pascal University, Faculty of Psychology of the National University of Córdoba and ODR Latin America - International Network for Online Dispute Resolution. On the Argentine side, this collaboration includes the production and translation of Spanish language materials and the development of training and capacity building activities.

- 2009–2008, Project "From conflict to neighborhood mediation: mediation as a resource for inclusion and empowerment access", Municipality of Arzignano. Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Policies - European Fund for Integration.

- 2009, Project "The state of the art of mediation in Italy: professional perspectives for the Psychologist".

- 2010, Project "Promoting citizenship as a shared responsibility. The pilot experience of civic mediation on the territory of the Chiampo Valley".

- 2012–2010, Project "The Olympics of interculturality: mediation as a tool for promoting shared practices of school integration and among students", Fund for the integration of third-country nationals - AP 2010.

- 2018, establishment of the Arlekin Central/Northern Italy Committee for the dissemination of the use of Mediation as a primary tool for the management of critical socio-community issues such as the reception of new populations and the terrorist threat within the European Project CreE-A.

Health and social cohesion promotion

- Since 1994, collaboration with the rehabilitation center for drug addicts "L'angolo" in Modena: drafting of the new therapeutic program for the rehabilitation center, training and supervision of operators in the treatment of situations with psychopathological implications.

- Since 2000, collaboration with SerT of Pordenone - Associazione i ragazzi della panchina, Health service for the treatment and rehabilitation of addiction to legal and illegal substances - Onlus Association.

- Dal 2006, Dialogica Cooperativa Sociale s.r.l., Implementation of projects oriented towards social cohesion and the development of a community competent in managing its own health. Design and management of consultancy and training services for public and private organizations, professionals and individual citizens, Dialogica Cooperativa Sociale s.r.l. acts as an "activator" of a process of co-responsibility of the entire territorial network in generating health, Milan.

- 2007, Research project "Foreigners and drugs. From body care to discursive practices in the prison system", Due Palazzi Prison, Padua.

- 2009, Research project "Health promotion in the field of juvenile discomfort: a research-intervention in the Abano Terme area", Padua.

- 2011, Comitato Regionale per le Comunicazioni Co.Re.Com Veneto: organism set up at the Veneto Regional Council with advisory, management and control

functions in the field of communications, collaboration on the project "Sport and media: how to intervene in the configuration of violence in the sporting environment".

- 2011, Research project "Stigma: socially transmissible discrimination" - Ministry of Health.

- From 2011 to 2013, "Kairòs" project to promote social health in the territory of the Province of Padua - Department of Social Services and Family Policies.

- 2015, Project 'Configuration of violence in the hospital environment', in collaboration with ULSS 15 hospital of Camposampiero and Cittadella (Padua).

- 2017, Research project "Description of the discursive configuration of 'gender-based violence' perpetrated by men against women", in collaboration with Centro Antiviolenza ed Antistalking "La Magnolia", Fondazione Ferrioli, (Ve).

- From 2015 to 2017, "Project on the effectiveness of safety training in the workplace", in collaboration with Confindustria Veneto.

- 2017, research project "Nessuno Escluso" in collaboration with AICS for the implementation of interventions to promote an anti-violence culture in a responsible and supportive community.

- 2018, "Cohesion Chain" project in collaboration with the municipalities of: Melzo, Cassano d'Adda, Inzago, Liscate, Melzo, Pozzuolo Martesana, Settala, Truccazzano, Vignate. The objective of the project is to promote skills for the responsible management of one's own biographical path with a view to social cohesion.

- 2019–2021, research project "Health and Work in Oncologic Surgery (SALVO)" in collaboration between the FISPPA Department of the University of Padua, Humanitas General and Gastric Esophageal Surgery and IOV-IRCCS Oncologic Surgery of the Esophagus and Digestive Tracts. The objective of the project is to provide a validated and replicable model of intervention for the management in Health, considered with respect to the skills of social and work activities, of the socio-economic criticalities of the postoperative period of the oncological patient operated for neoplasia of the stomach, esophagus and colon-rectum.

- Since 2020, Hyperion Observatory: a research project in charge of the Postgraduate Course in "Emergency Management in Health and Community" of the University of Padua that deals with the analysis of the ways in which the community interacts in the SARS-COV-2 health emergency. Specifically, it focuses on building a database of texts produced by citizens and institutional roles collected through social networks and newspaper articles within the Veneto Region, which are analyzed weekly. Thanks to a calculating tool of the conducted analysis, it is possible to obtain the degree of social cohesion that emerges from the collected data/texts, in order to make available to all visitors of the Observatory the resulting numerical index, accompanied by a descriptive report of the main aspects emerged.

- 2020–2021, Research project "Jump the gap - Overcoming the barriers of grassroots sport for women" between the Department FISPPA of the University of Padua in collaboration with ACSI-Association of Culture Sport and Leisure, AICS-Association Italian Cuiltura Sport, CSEN-National Educational Sports Center, National Sports Center Libertas and funded by Sport and Health. The research project aims to investigate how the community sees women athletes, young and adult, and the barriers they face in practicing it, in order to then promote policies to address the amateur sports movement aimed at breaking down these barriers and promote a shared responsibility in the community.

Organizations and companies

- Since 2009, Prâgmata Arkyreyma Srl has been working on research, measurement and intervention activities in support of enterprises, public entities, associations, cooperatives, foundations and other third sector organisations. The aim of Prâgmata Arkyreyma is to promote the innovation of the Country System and its environmental, economic and social sustainability. Some of the activities carried out by the company were: consultant for the European Project of Family Mediation "Two Minds" Daphne European program - leader of the project: Centro Servizi per il Volontariato; Supervisor of training and mediation interventions; Supervisor of planning, design and delivery of participatory interventions. Consultant for the European Project "Eirene".

- From 2015 to 2017, "Project on the effectiveness of safety training in the workplace", in collaboration with Confindustria Veneto.

- In 2018, Project "Càndìdati per Vicenza!" in collaboration with Associazione Civica Vicenza Capoluogo for the 2018 elections for the measurement of skills related to the exercise of the decision-making role of "political candidate".

Education

- Since 2003, training courses addressed to the Police Forces (Carabinieri, Police, Municipal Police, Penitentiary Operators) on issues related to reports of child abuse/maltreatment and on the management of reports of interventions involving children.

Multidisciplinary collaborations

- Since 2016, CIAO Project, "Functional and energetic valorization of unused or underused building stock through innovative self-sustainable community management", in collaboration with the Department of Industrial Engineering of Padua.

Social and community emergencies

- 2009 to 2014, Project to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions implemented within the L'Aquila community following the earthquake.

- Since 2012, "InOltre, the health of the entrepreneur": a service sponsored by the Veneto Region to promote the health of all citizens in the region, at this time of economic crisis. Free service, operating on the regional territory 24 hours a day, constantly active.

- From 2015 to 2017, Project "Accoglienza Solidale", project of reception, hospitality and integration of foreign citizens seeking international protection in collaboration with AICS and AIG, Florence.

- Since 2017, "InOltre, the health of savers involved in the banking crisis" (Health promotion), in collaboration with the Veneto Region and Azienda ULSS4 Alto Vicentino.

International projects

- 2017, Project CreE-A – Création d’un Espace européen de la médiation pour l’inclusion sociale

Dialogics applied to Natural Language Processing

In the last four years, Dialogics has begun to enter the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), which investigates the interaction between computers and 'human' language, and in particular how to program a computer to process and analyze large amounts of data generated through the use of natural language. The development of the pure line of research of Dialogics has in fact seen the transposition of the M.A.D.I.T. methodology for text analysis, and therefore of the six steps of method that distinguish it, into a Machine Learning algorithm built ad hoc for the observation and denomination of the discursive repertories: this transition is possible precisely because of the logical-formal organization of the processual properties of natural language in discursive repertories, which are given a precise numerical value that can be identified and processed by a computer.

In the current state of research development, thanks to the constant increase in the volume of texts processed, the accuracy of the automated analysis has progressively increased, approaching the accuracy of the operator in recognizing the class of discursive repertories (generative, maintenance, hybrid). Current and future work is aimed at achieving the same accuracy in the recognition and denomination of individual discursive repertories. In this sense, the pure line of research of Dialogics in the field of Natural Language Processing aims to develop a methodological and technological apparatus of analysis and measurement of the dialogic process able to replace the human operator, maintaining - or surpassing - its precision and at the same time increasing its efficiency.

This knowledge and technological progress brings with it considerable value for the Community in terms of pragmatic and applicative implications, as it makes available measurable data on the impact that the discursive configurations and the reality settings generated have on the members of the Community itself in - almost - real time. Therefore, this allows to intervene precisely and rapidly in the reconfiguration and promotion of new discursive configurations that were previously and/or as yet unforeseen, in settings and situations that, for example, tend to reduce the level of health or social cohesion of the community.

In this sense, lastly, with a view to further developing the line of research conducted to date, in addition to the observation, analysis and measurement of discursive processes, Dialogics applied to Natural Language Processing is also oriented towards reaching a level of advancement such that it becomes possible to automatically generate discursive configurations, so that even in its operational dimension it can become an effective and efficient tool for the promotion of new settings of reality that generate health and social cohesion in and for the community.

Dialogics’ educational areas

Since 2006, Inter-University Master in "Mediation as an operational tool in the family, criminal, community, civil and commercial fields", University of Padua.

Since 2019, advanced course in "Emergency management in health and community settings" at the University of Padua. The course offers theoretical, methodological and operational tools for the development of management skills that can be used in all areas in which urgencies and emergencies may occur (such as community, economic-financial, health, as a result of natural disasters). The contents addressed will follow a specific methodology within the framework of the operational model called dialogic, allowing the professional to focus on the interactions between the various types of users and roles (formal and informal) involved in the emergency situations subject of intervention.

External links

• https://www.scienzadialogica.com/
• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRe-Q84pV7Xj-qJSaQJwZCA
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170912214558/
• https://salute.regione.veneto.it/inoltre/
• http://www.unipd.it/mediazione-strumento-operativo
• http://www.fisppa.unipd.it/progetto-kairos-promozione-salute-sociale-territorio-provincia-padova
• http://www.dialogica-lab.eu/
• https://arkyreyma.com/it/
• https://www.unipd.it/gestione-emergenza-ambito-salute-comunita
• https://osservatoriohyperion.wixsite.com/website

Bibliography

Scientific texts and papers

Gasparini, N., & Turchi, G. P. (1993). L’indagine del costrutto personale. Metodiche e procedure informatiche. Padova: Upsel Domeneghini.

Turchi, G. P. (2002). Tossicodipendenza: generare il cambiamento tra mutamento di paradigma ed effetti pragmatici. Padova: UPSEL Domeneghini.

Turchi, G. P., & Perno, A. (2002). Modello medico e piscopatologia come interrogativo. Padova: UPSEL.

Turchi, G. P., Baciga, D., Mussoni, A., & Salvini, A. (2002). I sistemi di credenze in soggetti con esperienza diretta, indiretta o assente di sostanze psicotrope: l’analisi di domande aperte mediante SPAD-T. Act JADT2002, 745–756, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2002/PDF-2002/turchi_baciga_mussoni_salvini.pdf

Turchi G. P., Di Maso, A., Gherardini, V., Laliscia, B., Mussoni, A., Orrù, L., Perno, A., & Tesi, A. (2004). Per una svolta paradigmatica nell’intervento sul consumo di sostanze illegali – dall’epistemologia della cura alla prospettiva del cambiamento, Atti del Convegno, Padova 3-5 luglio 2003. Roma: Aracne.

Turchi G. P., Della Torre, C., Di Maso, A., Domedi, Gherardini, Laliscia, Maiuro, Martinazioli, Mussoni, Orrù, Paita, Perno, Tesi, “Per una svolta paradigmatica nell’intervento sul consumo di sostanze illegali – dall’epistemologia della cura alla prospettiva del cambiamento, II Edizione”, Atti del Convegno, Padova 2-4 luglio 2004, Aracne, Roma, 2005

Turchi, G. P., & Ciardiello, P. (2004). Reato e identità. Implicazioni epistemologiche ed operative. Il contributo del Progetto Chirone. Padova: Upsel Domeneghini.

Turchi, G. P., Martinazioli, S., Orrù, L., & Laliscia B. (2004). La “malattia mentale” tra senso scientifico e senso comune: analisi di testi di settore e divulgativi. Act JADT2004, 1089–1096, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2004/pdf/JADT_107.pdf

Turchi, G. P., Fanelli, S., Andreolli, F., Lamanna, M., Sarasin, M., & Zani, L. (2006). Le condizioni detentive e le opportunità trattamentali nelle pratiche discorsive delle persone detenute e degli operatori in 23 Istituti di Pena italiani. Act JADT 2006, 929–942, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2006/PDF/II-083.pdf

Turchi, Barbanera, Della Torre., Di Maso., Domedi., Gherardini., Laliscia., Maiuro., Martinazioli, Mussoni., Orrù, Paita., Perno, Tesi. “Per una svolta paradigmatica nell’ambito degli interventi sul consumo di sostanze illegali, la proposta operativa, III Edizione” Atti del Convegno, Padova 1-3 Luglio 2005, Aracne, Roma, 2006

Mariotti Culla, L., & Turchi, G. P. (2007). Stranieri e droghe. Dalla cura del corpo alle pratiche discorsive nel sistema carcerario. Roma: Armando Editore.

Turchi, G. P. (2007). M.A.D.I.T. Manuale per la metodologia di analisi dei dati informatizzati testuali. Roma: ARACNE.

Turchi, G. P., & Della Torre, C. (2007). Psicologia della salute. Dal modello bio-psicosociale al modello dialogico: generare e gestire processi trasformativi nell’ambito della “salute”. Roma: Armando.

Turchi, G. P. (2008). Immigrazione e consumo di sostanze a Bergamo. Una proposta di architettura dei servizi per la promozione della salute nel territorio. Roma: Armando Editore.

Turchi, G. P., Maiuro, T., & Paita, M. (2008). Il tifo ultras come configurazione discorsiva: il contributo di una metodologia di analisi. Act JADT2008, 1127–1138, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2008/pdf/turchi-maiuro-paita.pdf

Turchi, G. P. (2009). Dati senza numeri: per una metodologia dell'analisi dei dati informatizzati testuali M.A.D.I.T. Bologna: Monduzzi Editore.

Colaianni, L. (2009). «Per incapacità di intendere e volere». Il consenso informato della psichiatria, Roma: Aracne Editrice.

Turchi, G. P., & Celleghin, E. (2010). Logoi - dialoghi di e su Psicologia delle differenze culturali e clinica della devianza come occasione peripatetica per un’agorà delle politiche sociali. Padova: Upsel Domeneghini.

Turchi, G. P., Orrù, L., Sperotto, M., & Francato, S. (2010). La valutazione dell’efficacia di un intervento di mediazione attraverso la raccolta delle produzioni discorsive. Act JADT2010, 997–1010, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2010/allegati/JADT-[collegamento interrotto] 2010-0997-1010_072-Turchi.pdf Turchi, G. P., Salvini, A., Mussoni, A., & Di Maso A. (2000). Analisi di testi non strutturati in psicologia clinica. Act JADT2000, http://lexicometrica.univ-paris3.fr/jadt/jadt2000/pdf/86/86.pdf

Turchi, Gherardini, Paita, Progetto di Mediazione civica di Arzignano: obiettivi, modello operativo e valutazione dell’efficacia, Minorigiustizia, N. 2/2010, Franco Angeli, Milano, 2010

Turchi, G. P., Fumagalli, R., & Paita, M. (2010). La promozione della cittadinanza come responsabilità condivisa. L’esperienza pilota di mediazione civica sul territorio della Valle del Chiampo. Padova: Upsel Domeneghini.

Turchi, Gherardini, Durante, Paita, La nuova disciplina della mediazione secondo la L. 69/2009 e i Decreti attuativi in materia di controversie civili e commerciali: quali le occasioni per la mediazione in Italia, in Mediares n. 1/2011, Franco Angeli. n. 15-16/2010, edizioni Dedalo. ISSN 1723-3437, 2010

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Turchi, G. P., & Monicelli, M. (2011). Giovani e Territorio: L’esperienza di mappatura, di intervento e di rete sule territorio di Mantova. Padova: Upsel Domeneghini.

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Turchi, Lambreghini, Mediaciòn. Transformaciòn de realidades en conflicto. La aplicaciòn del modelo dialògico, Editorial Brujas, Còrdoba, Argentina, 2012

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Turchi, G. P., Romanelli, M., Bonazza, F., & Girardi, A. (2014). Discursive Configuration. In T. Teo (A cura di), Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (p. 457–643). New York: Springer Science Business Media.

Turchi, G. P., Romanelli, M., Bonazza, F., & Girardi, A. (2014). Discursive Repertory. In T. Teo (A cura di), Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (p. 467–470). New York: Springer Science Business Media.

Turchi, G. P., Cigolini, D., & Ferrari, P. (2015). La promozione della salute del territorio per la gestione delle marginalità sociali a fronte della crisi economica. Esperienze progettuali per il riassetto delle interazioni nella comunità. Psicologia di Comunità, 2, 71–81.

Ciardiello, P. (2016). Il Terzo Luogo. Coesione Sociale e Azione Pubblica. Generare e valutare processi partecipativi, Roma: Aracne Editrice.

Colaianni, L., Ciardiello, P., Turchi G.P. (2017). «Restituire responsabilità, promuovere competenze, generare cambiamenti biografici: la consulenza biografica dialogica come strategia generativa per il nuovo welfare», in Prospettive Sociali e Sanitarie, luglio 2017, n. 4.

Turchi, G. P., & Cigolini, D. (2017). La Risposta all'Emergenza Come Occasione di Promozione Della Salute e Coesione Della Comunità Il Contributo del Servizio inOltre. Padova: Cleup.

Turchi, G. P. (2017). Manuale Critico di Psicologia Clinica. Prolegomeni allo studio scientifico della Psicologia Clinica per la Salute. Lezione di e su la Psicologia Clinica per la Salute. Napoli: Edises.

Romanelli M., Turchi G. P., “Per uno sviluppo di competenze degli operatori UEPE: la proposta della Mediazione Dialogica come strumento operativo”, Rivista CRIMEN et DELICTUM – n. XVI, November 2017 International Journal of Criminological and Investigative Sciences ISSN 2039-5671, 2017

Iudici, A., Gagliardo Corsi, A., & Turchi, G.P. (2018). Evaluating a Case of Parent Separation in Social Services Through a Text Analysis: Clinical and Health Implications. Journal of Social Service Research. ISSN 0148-8376 (Print) 1540-7314 (Online). DOI: 10.1080/01488376.2018.1511884.

Iudici, A., Antonello, A., & Turchi G.P. (2018). Intimate Partner Violence Against Disabled Persons: Clinical and Health Impact, Intersections, Issues and Intervention Strategies. Sexuality & Culture (2019) 23:684–704 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9570-y

Turchi, G. P., & Messina, P. (2019). Interazione sociale per generare coesione sociale: nuove metriche per la misurazione. In P. Messina, Oltre la responsabilità sociale di impresa. Territori generativi tra innovazione sociale e sostenibilità. (p. 223–239). Padova: Padova University Press.

Iudici, A., Favaretto, G., & Turchi, G.P. (2019). Community perspective: How volunteers, professionals, families and the general population construct disability: Social, clinical and health implications. Disability and Health Journal 12 (2019) 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.11.014

Turchi, G.P., Iudici, A., & Faccio, E. (2019). From Suicide Due to an Economic-Financial Crisis to the Management of Entrepreneurial Health: Elements of a Biographical Change Management Service and Clinical Implications. Frontiers in Psychology – March 2019, Volume 10, Article 426. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00426

Iudici, A., Rogalin Tassinari, M., & Turchi, G.P. (2019). Health service and school: new interactions. Comparison between the Italian system and the Swedish system on the diagnostic process of pupils. International Journal of Inclusive Education. ISSN 1360-3116 (Print) 1464-5173 (Online). DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2019.1597928.

Neri, J., Romanelli, M., Perno, A., Laugelli, E., & Turchi, G.P. (2020). “Differenze di genere” e salute: Una ricerca condotta sull’utenza del Servizio inOltre. Rivista di Psicologia Clinica vol. XV n° 1–2020.

Iudici, A., Masiello, P., Faccio, E., & Turchi, G.P. (2020). Tackling Prejudice and Discrimination Towards Families with Same‑Sex Parents: An Exploratory Study in Italy. Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. DOI 10.1007/s12119-020-09711-x.

Iudici, A., Filosa, E., Turchi, G.P., & Faccio, E. (2020). Management of the Disease of primary Immunodeficiencies: an exploratory investigation of the discourses and clinical and social implications. Current Psychology - A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues. ISSN 1046-1310. DOI 10.1007/s12144-020-01092-6.

Turchi, G. P., & Vendramini, A. (2021). Dai corpi alle interazioni: La comunità Umana in prospettiva dialogica. Padova University Press.

Turchi, G. P., Dalla Riva, M. S., Ciloni, C., Moro, C. and Orrù, L. (2021). The Interactive Management of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: The Social Cohesion Index, a Methodological-Operational Proposal. Front. Psychol. 12:559842. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.559842.

Turchi, G. P., Dalla Riva, M.S., Orrù, L., Pinto, E. (2021). How to Intervene in the Health Management of the Oncological Patient and of Their Caregiver? A Narrative Review in the Psycho-Oncology Field. Behavioral Sciences. 11(7):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070099.

Divulgative texts and presentations

• Servizio InOltre; istruzioni per l’uso: https://salute.regione.veneto.it/inoltre/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Comunità-e-SaluteIl-servizio-inOltre-ISTRUZIONI-PER-LUSO.pdf
• Video della “Giornata di studi InOltre: promuovere la salute nella comunità”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hPF7wIpn2A&list=UURe-Q84pV7Xj-qJSaQJwZCA
• Turchi, G.P., Fronteddu, F., Toffoli, F. (2021). Dalla violenza alla valorizzazione di genere. Overview Editore

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