Dinosaur Island

Dinosaur Island
	File:Dinosaurislandcomic.jpg The first appearance of Dinosaur Island, from Star Spangled War Stories #90 (April–May 1960). Art by Ross Andru & Mike Esposito
Located in	South Pacific
Created by	Robert Kanigher; Ross Andru
Genre	Comic book
Type	Island
Race(s)	Dinosaurs
First appearance	Star Spangled War Stories #90 (April–May 1960)
Publisher	DC Comics

Dinosaur Island is the name of multiple locales which have appeared in various comic book series published by DC Comics.

Publication history

The first Dinosaur Island appeared in only one issue, Batman #35, from June 1946. The story by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, involved a "Dinosaur Island" amusement park that contained realistic-looking and functioning robotic dinosaurs.

The second and definitive version of Dinosaur Island first appeared in the Spring 1960 issue of Star-Spangled War Stories #90. Created by Robert Kanigher and featuring early art from Ross Andru, this began an ongoing feature known as The War That Time Forgot.^[1] Located in the South Pacific of DC's main shared universe, it is an island populated by living dinosaurs and other various prehistoric creatures. Most of these dinosaurs were much larger than their real-life counterparts, as a Pteranodon was big enough to be able to tear apart a jet, while a Brontosaurus would be big enough to overturn an aircraft carrier. The stories were set in the 1940s during World War II, and periodically American and Japanese soldiers would stumble upon the island during battle, encountering the creatures there. After its debut in Star Spangled War Stories #90, the feature would return in #92 and was an ongoing series until #137 in 1968. Afterwards, the feature would appear sporadically in the pages of G.I. Combat, Weird War Tales, and other DC comic books.

Fictional history

First Dinosaur Island

File:Batman on Dinosaur Island.jpg

Batman encounters a robotic Tyrannosaurus rex on the first Dinosaur Island in this splash page from Batman #35 (1946). Art by Bob Kane

File:Spws137.jpg

Sometimes the island was referred to as "Mystery Island" and "Monster Island" as seen on the cover of Star Spangled War Stories #137 (1968). Art by Russ Heath

The first Dinosaur Island is a newly constructed amusement park run by Murray Wilson Hunt. At this park, Batman and Robin agree to be part of a mock big-game hunt held by Mr. Breach. During the hunt, Murray is knocked out by a criminal named Stephen Chase who takes control of Dinosaur Island, having the mechanical dinosaurs and cavemen attack Batman. Eventually, Batman and Robin are able to turn the tide on Mr. Breach and capture Stephen Chase. Afterward, Batman gains a mechanical Tyrannosaurus as a trophy and places it in the Batcave.^[2]

Second Dinosaur Island

The second locale named Dinosaur Island is an uncharted Pacific island which seems to have first been discovered by Enemy Ace in 1927 when he flew Bat Lash, Biff Bradley, General Joseph Stilwell, and "Chop-Chop" (presumably the father of the Blackhawks member) to the island on a mission for Chiang Kai-shek. The island had long been a legend to the Chinese people (known as Dragon Island at the time) and was believed to hold the mystical Swords of Fan. During this mission, the adventurers encounter Vandal Savage and Miss Fear, in addition to the dangerous dinosaurs. This tale appeared in the Guns of the Dragon mini-series.^[3]

During World War II, several United States submarines seemingly disappear after encountering an area of seismic disturbances. Marines land on a nearby island hoping to find survivors, but instead, find that the earthquakes had awakened the remote island's resident dinosaur population. The prehistoric beasts had been preserved via suspended animation for centuries. With their weapons essentially useless, the squad of Marines barely escapes to tell the tale.

Despite the presence of dinosaurs, the U.S. government considered the island a valuable strategic location in its war against Japan. Several expeditions and operations take place at the island. The island is also used as a proving ground for the automated soldiers designated G.I. Robot, which prove to be no match for the dinosaurs' ferocious might. The Creature Commandos, the Flying Boots, and the original Suicide Squad all take part in missions on the island during World War II.

Post-War expeditions have theorized that the island exists in a state of temporal flux. Black Canary of the Birds of Prey lands on the island in modern times only to find it still inhabited by Japanese soldiers who are keeping Gunner and Sarge of "The Losers" in a P.O.W. camp.

The Suicide Squad series reveals that a post-War mission to the island by Sgt. Rock (allegedly) and Bulldozer explains why they haven't aged as much since World War II due to temporal fluctuations. The veracity of this story may be in dispute, as Bulldozer later cryptically announces that Sgt. Rock died in World War II.

In 2008, the Island was featured in the twelve-part series The War That Time Forgot.^[4]

In 2016, Superman, his son Superboy, and Krypto were transported to the Island where they fought dinosaurs and found the remains of the Losers.

Other versions

DC: The New Frontier

Writer/artist Darwyn Cooke uses the island in his out-of-continuity series DC: The New Frontier, where he connects the island with the dawn of the Silver Age. In this series, the island is portrayed as the main antagonist, a sentient being called the Centre which has existed on the Earth since before the dawn of the human race. Feeling threatened by humanity's development of nuclear weapons, the Centre decides to end all life on Earth. In New Frontier, the Centre is portrayed as a living island with the ability to hover over great distances and spawn grotesque mutant dinosaurs to attack or defend itself.

In other media

Television

Dinosaur Island is featured in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Terror on Dinosaur Island". Gorilla Grodd and his followers used it as the base for their headquarters. Grodd comments that the Bahamas, West Indies, and Florida are within a 500-mile radius of Dinosaur Island. The island is also featured in the team-up with the Challengers of the Unknown in "Revenge of the Reach". In "Four Star Spectacular", Dinosaur Island appeared where Creature Commandos teamed up with Batman to thwart Ultra-Humanite when he plans to build a mind-controlled dinosaur army. After Ultra-Humanite was defeated, the Creature Commandos destroy Lt. Matthew Shrieve's footage of Dinosaur Island to keep the place a secret.
A variation of Dinosaur Island appears in the Justice League Action episode "Booster's Gold". After seeing a movie where scientists cloned dinosaurs back to life, Booster Gold starts his latest money-making venture where he brings some dinosaurs to an island near the Bermuda Triangle and established Dinosaur Island and the vacation village Booster World. When Green Arrow arrived and learned of Booster Gold's plan, it did not go well, even with Green Arrow telling Booster Gold about the plan in the movie not going well as the two of them work to evade the carnivorous dinosaurs.
The third episode of the multi-part Teen Titans Go! storyline "Island Adventures", titled "Open Door Policy", has the Titans discovering that the island they are stranded on is home to a bunch of dinosaurs. They decide they can only do two things with them: Build a dinosaur themed amusement park or keep them as pets. When they choose the latter, they decide to have them compete to see which dinosaur is the best, arming them with Dino-Riders style armor and weaponry.

Film

The Centre is featured as the main antagonist in Justice League: The New Frontier voiced by Keith David. This version is a monstrous creature born from the Earth that has the appearance of a floating island, and developed traits far beyond those of lesser beings. An organic sentient being observed the evolution of dinosaurs, the meteor shower, and the evolution of humans. It saw humans as a threat to the existence of other species and settled in the Pacific. Over the centuries, it has gained a reputation of an omnipresent spirit with no beginning nor end. Different cultures describe the same legend, the coming of an ominous, all-powerful presence and great suffering. The famous children's author, Theodore Smiesel was overcome by the Centre's telepathy and wrote "The Last Story" describing the Centre. After the book's completion, Smiesel committed suicide. After it rose in 1957, there was a steady rise in the number of mass delusions and people hearing voices in their heads and performing violent acts. It came across Paradise Island and attacked the Amazons. Wonder Woman was able to escape and warn Superman before the Centre reaches America. A collective of government officials and superheroes formed a multi-faceted plan to defeat the Centre off the coast of Florida. While they distract it with explosive payloads from outside and within, the Flash (Barry Allen) would expose it piece by piece with matter-shrinking technology created by Ray Palmer. It sensed its end and attempted to make a suicide run at Cape Canaveral. Green Lantern intervened and used his newly-discovered powers to encapsulate the Centre and hurl it into space where its body implodes. The Centre is a living being the size of an island that can fly by means of energy propulsion, transform its substance to extrude tentacles and spawn giant dinosaur minions, project energy and inhale structures through its ports, and has mental powers like illusion casting, telepathy, and mind control over beings like Captain Cold.

Video Games

Dinosaur Island appears in Lego DC Super-Villains during the level "The One With The T. Rex Mech". This version appears to combine both living and mechanical dinosaurs, as the former is seen in a cutscene and the latter constitutes the titular boss fight. Aquaman, Green Lantern, and "The Rookie" arrive on Dinosaur Island to recover a crashed Superman, wherein they fight Kalibak and the T. Rex Mech.

Plodding

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Smurfette smurfensis	S. smurfensis	Speculative	Mesozoic Crossover	Unknown	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Herrerasauridae	1.2 meters	3.5 meters	80 kg	Omnivore / Herbivore	Blue Clay Beds	Smurfy Forest	Smurfy Camouflage: Blends flawlessly into high-altitude blue berry fields.	Papa Smurf: "A remarkably docile creature. It uses its long tail to balance while picking berries from high branches."
Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis	H. ischigualastensis	Late Triassic	231.4 Ma	Carnian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Herrerasauridae	1.5 meters	6.0 meters	350 kg	Carnivore	Ischigualasto Formation	San Juan, Argentina	Grasping Talons: Flexible fingers with massive claws designed to secure small, fast prey.	Optimus Prime: "A primitive bipedal warrior. Its anatomy highlights the early divergent path toward predatory superiority."
Staurikosaurus pricei	S. pricei	Late Triassic	233.2 Ma	Carnian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Herrerasauridae	0.8 meters	2.2 meters	30 kg	Carnivore	Santa Maria Formation	Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	High-Speed Sprinting: Exceptionally long tibia bones optimized for rapid predatory acceleration.	Bugs Bunny: "This lightweight speedster looks like a hyperactive lizard on two legs, Doc!"
Thecodontosaurus antiquus	T. antiquus	Late Triassic	201.3 Ma	Rhaetian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Thecodontosauridae	0.4 meters	1.2 meters	11 kg	Herbivore / Omnivore	Magnesian Conglomerate	Bristol, England	Leaf Slicing: Spoon-shaped teeth with coarse serrations built to easily mince early conifers.	Winnie the Pooh: "He’s a very tiny long-neck friend. I think he would fit nicely in a quiet corner of the Hundred Acre Wood."
Massospondylus kaalae	M. kaalae	Early Jurassic	200.0 Ma	Hettangian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Massospondylidae	1.4 meters	4.0 meters	1,000 kg	Herbivore	Upper Elliot Formation	Free State, South Africa	Gastrolith Grinding: Uses specialized stomach stones to mechanically process tough plant fibers.	Ratchet: "Mechanical digestive aid detected. Internal gastrolith systems optimize high-fiber fuel breakdown."
Mussaurus patagonicus	M. patagonicus	Late Triassic	215.0 Ma	Norian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Mussauridae	1.0 meters	3.0 meters	250 kg	Herbivore	El Tranquilo Formation	Santa Cruz, Argentina	Ontogenetic Shift: Transitions from a quadrupedal hatchling to a bipedal foraging adult.	Alvin: "They called him a mouse because the first fossils found were tiny babies! But he grew up into a total rockstar!"
Vulcanodon karibaensis	V. karibaensis	Early Jurassic	188.0 Ma	Toarcian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Vulcanodontidae	2.0 meters	6.5 meters	1,500 kg	Herbivore	Vulcanodon Beds	Mashonaland North, Zimbabwe	Columnar Limbs: Developing thick, pillar-like legs to distribute rapidly increasing body mass.	Hefty Smurf: "You can see the family change right here! This guy is stepping down on all fours to carry some serious muscle!"
Plateosaurus gracilis	P. gracilis	Late Triassic	210.0 Ma	Norian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Plateosauridae	2.0 meters	5.0 meters	600 kg	Herbivore	Trossingen Formation	Baden-Württemberg, Germany	Bipedal Rearing: Capable of balancing on strong hind legs to reach high-canopy gymnosperms.	Michelangelo: "Check out those heavy hand claws—perfect for pulling down the best leafy branches, dudes!"
Riojasaurus incertus	R. incertus	Late Triassic	213.0 Ma	Norian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Riojasauridae	2.5 meters	10.0 meters	3,000 kg	Herbivore	Los Colorados Formation	La Rioja, Argentina	Obligate Quadrupedalism: Dense, solid limb bones that completely prohibit two-legged walking.	Jake the Dog: "This dude gave up on standing on two legs entirely. A heavy four-on-the-floor setup. Mathematical!"
Lufengosaurus huenei	L. huenei	Early Jurassic	195.0 Ma	Sinemurian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Massospondylidae	2.0 meters	6.0 meters	1,800 kg	Herbivore / Omnivore	Lufeng Formation	Yunnan, China	Thickened Thumb Claws: Enlarged, sickle-shaped spikes on digits for defense and pulling branches.	Teodora: "The pride of Chinese paleontology! The first complete dinosaur skeleton mounted and displayed in the country."
Cetiosaurus oxoniensis	C. oxoniensis	Middle Jurassic	167.0 Ma	Bathonian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Cetiosauridae	4.5 meters	16.0 meters	11,000 kg	Herbivore	Forest Marble Formation	Oxfordshire, England	Cancellous Bone Shield: Solid, heavy spine structure providing incredible structural defense against predators.	Daffy Duck: "Whale lizard? Ha! Early scientists thought it lived in the ocean. Turns out it's just a billboard-sized land-lubber!"
Camarasaurus supremus	C. supremus	Late Jurassic	152.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Camarasauridae	9.0 meters	18.0 meters	18,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	Colorado, USA	Spoon-Toothed Chomp: Robust, spatulate teeth capable of cleanly severing thick, woody plant material.	Bluey: "A big boxy head with giant teeth! He looks like he could chomp through tree branches like biscuits, for real life!"
Dicraeosaurus sattleri	D. sattleri	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Dicraeosauridae	2.5 meters	12.0 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Tendaguru Formation	Lindi Region, Tanzania	Low-Level Browsing: Bifurcated (forked) neck spines adapted for efficient low-to-mid forage fields.	Simon Seville: "The elongated neural spines indicate a highly developed muscular support structure for rapid horizontal neck sweeping."
Euhelopus zdanskyi	E. zdanskyi	Early Cretaceous	129.0 Ma	Barremian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Euhelopodidae	3.8 meters	15.0 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Mengyin Formation	Shandong, China	High Neck Carriage: Elevated base vertebrae allowing a giraffe-like posture to browse high canopies.	Brainy Smurf: "Its unique skeletal balance allowed it to feed at steep vertical angles, bypassing lower ecological competition."
Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis	N. mongoliensis	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Nemegtosauridae	4.0 meters	12.0 meters	8,000 kg	Herbivore	Nemegt Formation	Omnogovi, Mongolia	Pencil-Toothed Stripping: Slender, peg-like teeth designed to strip delicate leaves rapidly from branches.	Dawn: "It has a very long, sloping skull that looks similar to Diplodocus, but it lived right up until the end of the Cretaceous!"
Brachiosaurus altithorax	B. altithorax	Late Jurassic	153.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Brachiosauridae	18.8 meters	30.5 meters	50,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison; Kota Formation	Colorado, USA; Telangana, USA	High-Canopy Dominance: Highly elongated forelimbs creating a permanently elevated posture for high feeding.	Tigger: "TTFN! Ta-ta for now! If I want to bounce to the top of the canopy, I just have to hitch a ride on this guy's nose!"
Apatosaurus ajax	A. ajax	Late Jurassic	151.0 Ma	Kimmeridgian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Diplodocidae	7.5 meters	26.0 meters	22,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	Colorado, USA	Supersonic Whip-Tail: A highly tapered, thin tail tip capable of breaking the sound barrier when swung.	Hefty Smurf: "Now that's a powerhouse frame! Heavy neck ribs and a tail that could crack like a bullwhip to clear out attackers."
Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum	M. sinocanadorum	Late Jurassic	160.0 Ma	Oxfordian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Mamenchisauridae	17.0 meters	35.0 meters	25,000 kg	Herbivore	Shishugou Formation	Xinjiang, China	Extreme Neck Reach: An exceptionally elongated neck containing 19 specialized cervical vertebrae.	Sebastian: "An absolute record-holder! The neck alone was longer than most other dinosaurs were from nose to tail, mon!"
Diplodocus hallorum	D. hallorum	Late Jurassic	154.0 Ma	Kimmeridgian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Diplodocidae	6.5 meters	32.0 meters	15,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	New Mexico, USA	Horizontal Sweeping: Lightweight, double-beamed vertebrae built for effortless low-elevation clearance.	Sid: "Wow, talk about a long tail! This guy needs a rear-view mirror just to see where he's backing up!"
Supersaurus vivianae	S. vivianae	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Diplodocidae	21.5 meters	39.4 meters	38,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	Wyoming, USA	Titan Scale: Massive skeletal elements pushing the absolute physical boundaries of land vertebrate length.	Optimus Prime: "A true testament to the maximum physical scale biological life can achieve on this world."
Dreadnoughtus schrani	D. schrani	Late Cretaceous	77.0 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Titanosauridae	20.0 meters	26.0 meters	58,000 kg	Herbivore	Cerro Fortaleza Formation	Santa Cruz, Argentina	Impenetrable Mass: Complete environmental immunity derived from an exceptionally dense, muscle-bound build.	Huey, Dewey, & Louie: "Named after old steel battleships because absolutely nothing in the swamp could pick a fight with it!"
Titanosaurus blanfordi	T. blanfordi	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Sauropodomorpha	Titanosauridae	3.0 meters	12.0 meters	13,000 kg	Herbivore	Lameta Formation	Madhya Pradesh, India	Osteoderm Guarding: Small, bony armor plates embedded across the dorsal hide for skin-surface defense.	Slimer: "Ooh! Lots of bumpy skin armor all over its back! Hard to chew, but looks fun to slide down! Wheee!"

Bird Footed

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Lesothosaurus diagnosticus	L. diagnosticus	Early Jurassic	199.3 Ma	Hettangian / Sinemurian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Basal Neornithischia	0.6 meters	2.0 meters	30 kg	Herbivore	Upper Elliot Formation	loth, Lesotho	Cursorial Sprinting: Slender, hollow limb structures built for high-speed evasion.	Clumsy Smurf: "Gosh! He runs so fast on those skinny legs, I’d probably trip right over my own feet trying to keep up!"
Heterodontosaurus tucki	H. tucki	Early Jurassic	199.0 Ma	Sinemurian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Heterodontosauridae	0.4 meters	1.2 meters	3.4 kg	Omnivore	Upper Elliot Formation	Cape Province, South Africa	Differentiated Teeth: Possesses three distinct tooth shapes, including sharp canine-like tusks.	Alvin: "Whoa! A plant-eater with giant fangs? Talk about punk rock style! That's awesome!"
Parksosaurus warreni	P. warreni	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Thescelosauridae	1.0 meters	2.5 meters	45 kg	Herbivore	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Alberta, Canada	Sub-Canopy Foraging: Compact skull configuration optimized for snipping low-lying forest brush.	Theodore: "He looks like a very gentle, quiet runner. I hope he finds plenty of tasty ferns to snack on."
Camptosaurus dispar	C. dispar	Late Jurassic	156.3 Ma	Kimmeridgian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Camptosauridae	2.0 meters	6.0 meters	800 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	Wyoming, USA	Facultative Quadrupedalism: Sturdy wrists capable of switching effortlessly between two-legged and four-legged walking.	Simon Seville: "The robust carpal development indicates an intermediate biomechanical transition toward heavy obligate quadrupedalism."
Iguanodon bernissartensis	I. bernissartensis	Early Cretaceous	125.0 Ma	Barremian / Aptian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Iguanodontidae	4.7 meters	11.2 meters	4,500 kg	Herbivore	Sainte-Barbe Clays	Bernissart, Belgium	Conical Thumb Spike: A sharply pointed, rigid thumb digit used as a close-quarters defensive weapon.	Hefty Smurf: "Check out that massive thumb spike! This guy is built ready to rumble and defend his herd!"
Ouranosaurus nigeriensis	O. nigeriensis	Early Cretaceous	112.0 Ma	Aptian / Albian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Styracosterna	3.0 meters	7.0 meters	2,200 kg	Herbivore	Elrhaz Formation	Agadez, Niger	Neural Sail: Elongated dorsal vertebrae supporting a prominent fleshy sail used for temperature control.	Bugs Bunny: "Eh, what's up, doc? This guy looks like he forgot his surfboard and decided to wear it on his back instead!"
Tenontosaurus dossi	T. dossi	Early Cretaceous	115.0 Ma	Aptian / Albian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Basal Iguanodontia	2.2 meters	6.5 meters	1,000 kg	Herbivore	Twin Mountains Formation	Texas, USA	Counterbalance Whipping: An incredibly long, deep tail stabilized by a lattice of ossified tendons.	ALF: "Now that's what I call a tail! You could whip up a giant batch of space-melons with a tail that long!"
Hypsilophodon foxii	H. foxii	Early Cretaceous	125.0 Ma	Barremian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hypsilophodontidae	0.8 meters	1.8 meters	20 kg	Herbivore	Wessex Formation	Isle of Wight, UK	Premaxillary Beak: A sharp horny beak used for precisely trimming tough, woody vegetation buds.	Brainy Smurf: "Early investigators incorrectly hypothesized an arboreal lifestyle, but its anatomy is purely cursorial!"
Prosaurolophus maximus	P. maximus	Late Cretaceous	75.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	3.5 meters	9.0 meters	3,500 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Solid Nasal Crest: A low, thick bony ridge between the eyes used for display or ritual head-butting.	Daffy Duck: "A small forehead lump? Outrageous! If you're going to wear a crest, make it a grand, sweeping spectacle!"
Brachylophosaurus canadensis	B. canadensis	Late Cretaceous	76.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	3.0 meters	9.0 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Judith River Formation	Montana, USA	Paddle-Shaped Crest: A flat, paddle-like bony crest extending over the roof of the skull.	Baby Kermit: "His nose looks like a little flat shovel! Maybe he uses it to build sandcastles in the Cretaceous mud."
Hadrosaurus foulkii	H. foulkii	Late Cretaceous	80.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	3.2 meters	8.0 meters	3,000 kg	Herbivore	Woodbury Formation	New Jersey, USA	Dental Battery: Hundreds of interlocking teeth forming a self-sharpening grinding surface for leaves.	Teodora: "A true historical milestone! This was the very first dinosaur skeleton to ever be mounted and displayed in the Americas."
Maiasaura peeblesorum	M. peeblesorum	Late Cretaceous	76.7 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	3.0 meters	9.0 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Two Medicine Formation	Montana, USA	Communal Nesting: Heavy maternal care behavior, raising young in large colonial nesting grounds.	Dawn: "A beautiful example of family bond! She stayed by her nest to carefully protect her hatchlings from predators."
Edmontosaurus regalis	E. regalis	Late Cretaceous	73.0 Ma	Campanian / Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.0 meters	12.0 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Horseshoe Canyon; Lance Formation	Alberta, Canada; Wyoming, USA	Fleshy Comb: A soft, rooster-like crest made of skin and tissue on top of its head for display.	Garfield: "Twelve meters long and no armor? He looks like a giant walking salad bar. Hopefully, he's fast enough to avoid becoming lunch."
Hypacrosaurus stebingeri	H. stebingeri	Late Cretaceous	75.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.0 meters	9.1 meters	4,000 kg	Herbivore	Two Medicine Formation	Montana, USA	High Neural Spines: Elongated vertebrae columns creating a tall, deep silhouette along its back.	Baby Gonzo: "Look at that round, hollow helmet head! He's ready to be shot out of a prehistoric cannon! Wheee!"
Corythosaurus casuarius	C. casuarius	Late Cretaceous	77.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.2 meters	9.0 meters	3,800 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park; Lance Formation	Alberta, Canada; Wyoming USA	Helmet Crest: A grand, hollow, circular crest resembling a Corinthian soldier's helmet.	Ludo: "Big round head make loud booming sounds! Shake trees! Echo all across the deep dark woods!"
Parasaurolophus walkeri	P. walkeri	Late Cretaceous	76.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.5 meters	10.0 meters	2,500 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Acoustic Tube: A massive 1.8-meter hollow tube crest used to generate low-frequency foghorn bellows.	Optimus Prime: "An extraordinary acoustic communications array. It allowed long-range coordination across dense primitive valleys."
Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus	T. spinorhinus	Late Cretaceous	72.0 Ma	Campanian / Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	3.6 meters	10.0 meters	3,000 kg	Herbivore	Wangshi Group	Shandong, China	Unicorn Crest: A forward-pointing hollow tube structure that was once mistaken for a single horn.	Baby Miss Piggy: "A unicorn dinosaur?! Oh, it's so fabulous! It just needs a little bit of pink glitter to be absolutely perfect!"
Lambeosaurus magnicristatus	L. magnicristatus	Late Cretaceous	75.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.0 meters	9.5 meters	3,200 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Hatchet Crest: A complex cranial ornament featuring a forward blade and a backward-pointing prong.	Ripjaws: "That weirdly shaped head looks handy for plowing through thick swamp weeds while searching for aquatic plants."
Olorotitan arharensis	O. arharensis	Late Cretaceous	67.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	4.5 meters	12.0 meters	5,000 kg	Herbivore	Tsagayan Formation	Amur Region, Russia	Fan Crest: A large, hatchet-shaped crest that fans backward, supported by an elongated neck.	Papa Smurf: "Nature displays wonderful variety. Its long, supple neck has 18 vertebrae, far surpassing standard duck-billed species."
Shantungosaurus giganteus	S. giganteus	Late Cretaceous	74.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ornithopoda	Hadrosauridae	7.0 meters	16.6 meters	16,000 kg	Herbivore	Wangshi Group	Shandong, China	Colossal Scale: The largest non-sauropod dinosaur, dwarf-sizing many predatory theropods.	Winnie the Pooh: "Oh my, what a big, big friend. He must need a whole hillside of sweet clover just for breakfast."

The Killer

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi	A. albersdoerferi	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Archaeopterygidae	0.25 meters	0.5 meters	0.8 kg	Carnivore / Insectivore	Solnhofen Limestone	Bavaria, Germany	Asymmetric Flight Feathers: Aerodynamic feather arrangements permitting transitional powered flight or glides.	Brainy Smurf: "A fundamental link! This specific specimen exhibits hyper-birdlike features compared to older species."
Procompsognathus triassicus	P. triassicus	Late Triassic	210.0 Ma	Norian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Coelophysidae	0.4 meters	1.0 meters	1.0 kg	Carnivore / Insectivore	Stubensandstein	Baden-Württemberg, Germany	Agile Swarming: Slender, three-toed hind feet providing high dexterity across forest floors.	Clumsy Smurf: "Golly, they're so small and sneaky! You really have to look down or they'll dart right past your feet!"
Coelophysis bauri	C. bauri	Late Triassic	203.0 Ma	Rhaetian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Coelophysidae	0.9 meters	3.0 meters	25 kg	Carnivore	Ghost Ranch	New Mexico, USA	Kinesis Jaw Structure: Flexible skull joints that let the upper jaw flex outward to swallow large prey items whole.	ALF: "A built-in jaw expander? That's what I need for a multi-layered cat sandwich! Fast little guys too."
Coelurus fragilis	C. fragilis	Late Jurassic	152.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Coeluridae	0.7 meters	2.4 meters	20 kg	Carnivore	Morrison Formation	Wyoming, USA	Hollow Vertebrae: Extremely thin-walled, air-filled vertebrae columns that minimize internal skeletal weight.	Simon Seville: "The pneumatic cavities within the vertebral structure provide an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio for rapid hunting."
Compsognathus longipes	C. longipes	Late Jurassic	150.8 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Compsognathidae	0.3 meters	1.2 meters	3.5 kg	Carnivore	Solnhofen Limestone	Bavaria, Germany	Lizard Snatching: Elongated, narrow snout profiles paired with sharp teeth to capture fast-moving reptiles.	Garfield: "Small, lazy-looking meals. Wake me up when one of them figures out how to bring over a tray of lasagna."
Moros intrepidus	M. intrepidus	Late Cretaceous	96.4 Ma	Cenomanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Tyrannosauroidea	1.2 meters	2.5 meters	78 kg	Carnivore	Cedar Mountain Formation	Utah, USA	High-Velocity Scouting: Long cursorial legs that let early tyrannosauroids outrun massive competing allosauroids.	Alvin: "He's tiny right now, but he's got that big-time attitude! You can tell his family is going to rule the world later!"
Deinonychus antirrhopus	D. antirrhopus	Early Cretaceous	115.0 Ma	Aptian / Albian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Dromaeosauridae	1.0 meters	3.4 meters	100 kg	Carnivore	Cloverly Formation	Montana, USA	Sickle-Claw Pouncing: A retractable, hyper-curved 13-centimeter toe claw designed to pin and puncture prey hide.	Michelangelo: "Whoa, check out those switchblade toes! Totally radical weapons, but definitely don't want to get too close!"
Velociraptor osmolskae	V. osmolskae	Late Cretaceous	71.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Dromaeosauridae	0.5 meters	2.0 meters	15 kg	Carnivore	Bayan Mandahu Formation	Inner Mongolia, China	Grasping Pinions: Strongly curved hand claws specialized for grabbing and holding down feathered prey.	Theodore: "They look a lot more like angry desert birds than lizards. I... I think I'll hide behind my brothers."
Dromaeosaurus albertensis	D. albertensis	Late Cretaceous	76.5 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Dromaeosauridae	0.6 meters	2.0 meters	15 kg	Carnivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Heavy-Crush Bite: An unusually deep, robust skull that produces jaw forces far higher than similar raptors.	Tigger: "He's got a super-chompy jaw! If you try to bounce away, he'll give a big snap that you won't forget!"
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis	T. cheloniformis	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Therizinosauridae	5.0 meters	10.0 meters	5,000 kg	Herbivore	Nemegt Formation	Ömnögovi, Mongolia	Scythe Claws: Massive, straight one-meter blade claws used to slash foliage or deter large tyrannosauroids.	Winnie the Pooh: "He has very long hands that look like giant garden shears. Perfect for reaching the highest honey trees."
Oviraptor philoceratops	O. philoceratops	Late Cretaceous	75.0 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Oviraptoridae	1.0 meters	2.0 meters	35 kg	Omnivore	Djadochta Formation	Ömnögovi, Mongolia	Crushing Beak: A deep, toothless jaw with central prongs built to fracture shells, nuts, or tough vegetation.	Papa Smurf: "Though misnamed an 'egg thief,' fossil evidence shows it was actually a devoted parent brooding its own nest."
Dromiceiomimus samueli	D. samueli	Late Cretaceous	73.5 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Ornithomimidae	1.8 meters	3.5 meters	150 kg	Omnivore	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Alberta, Canada	Visual Scouting: Enormous eye sockets providing high visual acuity to detect predators across flat open plains.	Sid: "Wow, look at those big eyes! He looks just as startled to see me as I am to see those long running legs!"
Ornithomimus velox	O. velox	Late Cretaceous	66.5 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Ornithomimidae	1.8 meters	3.8 meters	170 kg	Omnivore	Denver Formation	Colorado, USA	Pennaceous Wing Display: Dense feather structures on forelimbs utilized primarily for courtship rituals.	Dawn: "It looks exactly like a modern ostrich, but with a long, balanced tail! The feather patterns are so elegant."
Struthiomimus altus	S. altus	Late Cretaceous	76.0 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Ornithomimidae	2.0 meters	4.3 meters	250 kg	Omnivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Claw Clamping: Elongated fingers that lock parallel to one another, forming a hook-like branch puller.	Daffy Duck: "An feathers-and-legs speedster trying to steal my spotlight! Out of the way, you oversized running bird!"
Gallimimus bullatus	G. bullatus	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Ornithomimidae	3.0 meters	6.0 meters	450 kg	Omnivore	Nemegt Formation	Gobi Desert, Mongolia	Flocking Evasion: Highly coordinated, high-speed herd running to confuse giant apex predators.	Bugs Bunny: "Ain't I a stinker? Watching hundreds of these guys zig-zag across the fields is pure cartoon chaos, folks!"
Deinocheirus mirificus	D. mirificus	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Deinocheiridae	6.4 meters	15.5 meters	6,400 kg	Omnivore	Nemegt Formation	Ömnögovi, Mongolia	Spoonbill Mud Foraging: Broad duck-billed snout and heavy claws built to pull up water plants and crush fish skins.	Baby Kermit: "He's got a big duck face and loves hanging out in the swamp mud just like me! Hiya, giant cousin!"
Ceratosaurus nasicornis	C. nasicornis	Late Jurassic	153.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Ceratosauridae	2.5 meters	6.0 meters	900 kg	Carnivore	Morrison Formation	Colorado, USA	Nasal Horn Display: A prominent midline skull horn used for species recognition and threat displays.	Baby Gonzo: "Now that is a beautiful nose horn! A dinosaur after my own eccentric heart! Let's go cause some trouble!"
Megalosaurus bucklandii	M. bucklandii	Middle Jurassic	166.0 Ma	Bathonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Megalosauridae	3.0 meters	6.0 meters	1,100 kg	Carnivore	Taynton Limestone	Oxfordshire, England	Blade Teeth Ripping: Large, thick, serrated teeth designed to carve deep wounds into early sauropods.	Teodora: "A historic titan! This holds the legendary honor of being the first non-avian dinosaur named by science."
Altispinax dunkeri	A. dunkeri	Early Cretaceous	140.0 Ma	Valanginian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Spinosauridae	3.0 meters	8.0 meters	1,500 kg	Carnivore	Wadhurst Clay Formation	East Sussex, UK	Elevated Spine Ridge: Elongated neural spines over the back forming a thick display hump or sail.	Tee Zeng: "The tall back spines give it a super powerful look. It looks like a warrior wearing a spiked suit of armor!"
Dilophosaurus wetherilli	D. wetherilli	Early Jurassic	193.0 Ma	Sinemurian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Dilophosauridae	2.0 meters	7.0 meters	400 kg	Carnivore	Kayenta Formation	Arizona, USA	Paired Cranial Crests: Dual, paper-thin bony crests along the skull roof used for striking sexual display.	Helicopter Chorus: "♪ Look up high, crests in the sky! No venom or frills on this seven-meter guy! ♪"
Metriacanthosaurus parkeri	M. parkeri	Late Jurassic	160.0 Ma	Oxfordian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Metriacanthosauridae	2.6 meters	8.0 meters	1,000 kg	Carnivore	Oxford Clay	Dorset, England	High-Spined Stature: Moderately tall vertebrae spines that support a rigid, muscular back profile.	Buff Frog: "Ah, a very sturdy hunter. Its high back muscles would make it exceptionally stable while tackling big targets."
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus	S. aegyptiacus	Late Cretaceous	95.0 Ma	Cenomanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Spinosauridae	5.0 meters	14.0 meters	7,400 kg	Piscivore / Carnivore	Bahariya Formation	Giza, Egypt	Semi-Aquatic Navigation: A paddle-like tail, webbed feet, and dense bones optimized for river hunting.	Ripjaws: "Finally, a dinosaur who knows how to rule the waterways! Those long crocodile jaws are perfect for fishing!"
Gorgosaurus libratus	G. libratus	Late Cretaceous	76.5 Ma	Campanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Tyrannosauridae	3.0 meters	9.0 meters	2,500 kg	Carnivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Long-Legged Ambush: High-velocity running adaptations making it the swiftest large tyrannosaurid of its time.	Face: "Hi there! Gorgosaurus has a long, narrow snout that makes him look like a giant smiling predator. Grrr!"
Alioramus altai	A. altai	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Tyrannosauridae	2.2 meters	6.0 meters	800 kg	Carnivore	Nemegt Formation	Ömnögovi, Mongolia	Nasal Crest Nodules: A distinct line of five small bony bumps along the top of its long snout.	Kimiko: "The five bony bumps along its snout look like a decorative element. Sleek, fast, and highly stylized!"
Tarbosaurus bataar	T. bataar	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Tyrannosauridae	4.0 meters	11.5 meters	5,000 kg	Carnivore	Nemegt Formation	Gobi Desert, Mongolia	Rigid Cranial Lock: A specialized locking mechanism between the jaw bones to withstand immense crushing stress.	Ludo: "Big bad cousin of the king! Huge jaws to bite through anything that gets in its way! Smash and crush!"
Tyrannosaurus rex	T. rex	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Tyrannosauridae	6.0 meters	15.0 meters	9,000 kg	Carnivore	Hell Creek Formation	Montana, USA	Bone-Crushing Bite: Maximum jaw pressures up to 60,000 Newtons, pulverizing bone effortlessly.	Optimus Prime: "The ultimate biological powerhouse. Its immense optical sensors and crushing power command absolute authority."
Allosaurus europaeus	A. europaeus	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Allosauridae	4.8 meters	13.5 meters	7,500 kg	Carnivore	Lourinhã; Morrison Formation	Lisboa, Portugal; New Mexico, USA	Hatchet-Strike Gape: An ultra-wide jaw gape combined with a reinforced skull to drive top teeth downwards like an axe.	Baby Miss Piggy: "He thinks he's the star of Europe with those fancy eyebrow ridges! Move over, big guy, the spotlight's mine!"
Giganotosaurus carolinii	G. carolinii	Late Cretaceous	97.0 Ma	Cenomanian	Saurischia	Theropoda	Carcharodontosauridae	4.8 meters	13.2 meters	8,500 kg	Carnivore	Candeleros Formation	Neuquén, Argentina	Slicing Blade Teeth: Thin, serrated teeth like steak knives, adapted to inflict massive blood loss on sauropods.	Slimer: "Ooooh! Giant scary mouth filled with slimy steak knives! He looks like he could eat twenty trucks in one bite! Gulp"

The Horned

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis	P. wyomingensis	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Pachycephalosauria	Pachycephalosauridae	2.0 meters	4.5 meters	450 kg	Herbivore / Omnivore	Hell Creek Formation	Montana, USA	Hyper-Ossified Dome: A massive, solid bone skull dome up to 25 cm thick, fringed with blunt bony nodules.	Hefty Smurf: "Now that's what I call a hard-headed champion! He's built perfectly for a smash-mouth showdown!"
Stegoceras validum	S. validum	Late Cretaceous	75.3 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Pachycephalosauria	Pachycephalosauridae	0.7 meters	2.0 meters	40 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Fibro-Lamellar Cushioning: Specialized internal bone tissue layering designed to absorb high-impact mechanical stress.	Simon Seville: "The dense, microscopic fibro-lamellar vascular networks suggest highly effective shock-absorption dynamics during intraspecific combat."
Homalocephale calathocercos	H. calathocercos	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Pachycephalosauria	Pachycephalosauridae	0.6 meters	1.8 meters	43 kg	Herbivore	Nemegt Formation	Gobi Desert, Mongolia	Flat-Top Wedge: A broad, completely flat skull roof paired with a highly stabilized, wide pelvic structure.	Alvin: "No dome? No problem! This little guy's head looks like a built-in skateboard ramp! Totally radical!"
Micropachycephalosaurus hongtuyanensis	M. hongtuyanensis	Late Cretaceous	73.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Pachycephalosauria	Pachycephalosauridae	0.3 meters	1.0 meters	5 kg	Herbivore	Wangshi Group	Shandong, China	Diminutive Agility: Ultra-lightweight cursorial build combined with a tiny, proto-dome skull structure.	Brainy Smurf: "Ironically, despite possessing the longest taxonomic name of any dinosaur, it is one of the absolute smallest!"
Microceratus gobiensis	M. gobiensis	Late Cretaceous	85.0 Ma	Santonian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Bagaceratopidae	0.25 meters	0.6 meters	4 kg	Herbivore	Bayan Minzh Formation	Gobi Desert, Mongolia	Bipedal Darting: Highly elongated hind limbs allowing rapid, bird-like running through desert environments.	Clumsy Smurf: "Oh gosh! He's just a little smurfy peanut! I'd have to be careful not to step on him!"
Aquilops americanus	A. americanus	Early Cretaceous	108.0 Ma	Albian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Basal Neoceratopsia	0.2 meters	0.6 meters	1.5 kg	Herbivore	Cloverly Formation	Montana, USA	Rostral Hook: A sharply hooked, eagle-like predatory beak profile used to snip select desert flora.	Baby Kermit: "He's got a cute little bird face! Hiya, little eagley-lizard! Want to play in the swamp?"
Psittacosaurus meileyingensis	P. meileyingensis	Early Cretaceous	120.0 Ma	Aptian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Psittacosauridae	0.6 meters	2.0 meters	30 kg	Herbivore	Jiufotang Formation	Liaoning, China	Tail Bristles: Tubular, quill-like skin structures along the top of the tail used for defensive display.	Bugs Bunny: "Eh, looks like a regular old parrot met a porcupine and decided to split the difference, folks."
Protoceratops hellenikorhinus	P. hellenikorhinus	Late Cretaceous	72.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Protoceratopsidae	0.7 meters	2.5 meters	180 kg	Herbivore	Bayan Mandahu Formation	Inner Mongolia, China	Dual-Aperture Frill: A flared bony collar containing wide, muscle-anchoring openings to power a deep jaw bite.	Tigger: "Look at that big wide neck-shield! It's perfect for a big bouncy hello, but his nose looks a bit pinchy!"
Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi	B. rozhdestvenskyi	Late Cretaceous	72.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Protoceratopsidae	0.4 meters	1.0 meters	22 kg	Herbivore	Barun Goyot Formation	Ömnögovi, Mongolia	Miniature Horn-Core: A small, solid bone ridge developing on the snout, showing early evolutionary horn steps.	Theodore: "He has just a tiny little bump on his nose. He looks very shy, like he wants to hide in the brush."
Leptoceratops gracilis	L. gracilis	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Leptoceratopsidae	0.8 meters	2.0 meters	100 kg	Herbivore	Scollard Formation	Alberta, Canada	Deep-Jaw Mastication: Highly specialized, extra-deep lower jaws built to grind down extremely coarse, fibrous wood.	Garfield: "Heavy duty chewing muscles but zero horns? Sounds like a lot of hard work just to eat a bunch of dry twigs."
Montanoceratops cerorhynchus	M. cerorhynchus	Late Cretaceous	69.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Leptoceratopsidae	1.0 meters	3.0 meters	170 kg	Herbivore	St. Mary River Formation	Montana, USA	Skeletal Tail Flaring: Highly elongated neural spines along the tail tail-bony structure, creating a high visual sail profile.	Dawn: "The tall structure on its tail gives it such a distinct profile. It must have been beautiful for signals!"
Brachyceratops montanensis	B. montanensis	Late Cretaceous	74.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Centrosaurinae	1.2 meters	3.0 meters	400 kg	Herbivore	Two Medicine Formation	Montana, USA	Juvenile Morphography: Features small, separate bone fusions along the frill margin, characteristic of sub-adult growth.	Huey, Dewey, and Louie: "Hey look, a junior titan! He hasn't even grown his full adult horns yet! He's just a kid like us!"
Styracosaurus ovatus	S. ovatus	Late Cretaceous	75.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Centrosaurinae	2.0 meters	5.5 meters	2,700 kg	Herbivore	Two Medicine Formation	Montana, USA	Spiked Radiance: A spectacular frill configuration boasting 4 to 6 long, sharp defensive spikes up to 60 cm long.	Ludo: "So many spikes! Like giant crown of needles! Make Ludo look small and soft! Spiky monster!"
Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai	P. lakustai	Late Cretaceous	73.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Centrosaurinae	2.5 meters	6.0 meters	3,000 kg	Herbivore	Wapiti; Hell Creek Formation	Alberta, Canada; Montana, USA	Nasal Boss: A massive, rough, flat bony pad on the snout used for crushing, head-butting defense.	ALF: "No nose horn, just a giant bony battering ram. Perfect for clearing out annoying neighbors or breaking down kitchen doors!"
Centrosaurus apertus	C. apertus	Late Cretaceous	75.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Centrosaurinae	2.2 meters	5.5 meters	2,300 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Hooked Epoccipitals: Distinctive bony hooks along the top of the frill curve that loop forward toward the eyes.	Tee Zeng: "Those curved frill hooks look like custom armor trim. This guy looks like he's ready to lead a charging army!"
Nasutoceratops titusi	N. titusi	Late Cretaceous	75.9 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Centrosaurinae	2.5 meters	4.5 meters	1,500 kg	Herbivore	Kaiparowits Formation	Utah, USA	Bovine Orbital Horns: Long, sweeping brow horns curved like modern cattle, paired with an unusually large pneumatic nose.	Buff Frog: "Ah, magnificent! The long, sweeping horns look exactly like a giant bull. Very powerful stance."
Chasmosaurus belli	C. belli	Late Cretaceous	76.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	2.0 meters	4.8 meters	2,000 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Elongated Shielding: A massive, elongated, sail-like frill rectangle covering the entire neck and shoulder expanse.	Teodora: "A beautiful canvas! That huge open frill was likely covered in bright skin patterns for spectacular mating displays."
Arrhinoceratops brachyops	A. brachyops	Late Cretaceous	70.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	2.4 meters	6.0 meters	2,500 kg	Herbivore	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Alberta, Canada	Asymmetric Brow Growth: Prominent brow horn cores paired with a highly reduced, minor nasal horn base structure.	Baby Miss Piggy: "Short nose but fabulous eyes? Well, at least he knows how to frame his best features for the cameras!"
Anchiceratops ornatus	A. ornatus	Late Cretaceous	72.0 Ma	Campanian / Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	2.5 meters	6.0 meters	2,800 kg	Herbivore	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Alberta, Canada	Epoccipital Knobs: Heavily decorated frill margins rimmed with sharp, tooth-like triangular bone plates.	Kimiko: "The jagged, geometric borders along the frill look like a highly detailed defensive shield design. So crisp!"
Pentaceratops sternbergii	P. sternbergii	Late Cretaceous	74.8 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	5.0 meters	6.4 meters	4,500 kg	Herbivore	Fruitland Formation	New Mexico, USA	Five-Horned Display: Features two long brow horns, a nose horn, and two prominent epijugal spikes flaring out from the cheeks.	Michelangelo: "Five spikes?! Dude, this guy is a walking metal concert! He's got weapons sticking out everywhere!"
Torosaurus latus	T. latus	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	3.0 meters	8.0 meters	6,000 kg	Herbivore	Hell Creek Formation	Wyoming, USA	Colossal Cranium: Holds the record for one of the largest skull structures of any land animal, reaching 2.7 meters long.	Optimus Prime: "An immense defensive shield array. Its sheer scale provided maximum physical coverage against apex predators."
Triceratops horridus	T. horridus	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ceratopsia	Chasmosaurinae	3.0 meters	9.0 meters	9,000 kg	Herbivore	Hell Creek Formation	Montana, USA	Solid Bone Shield: A massive frill completely filled with thick, solid bone, lacks the large openings seen in other ceratopsians.	Papa Smurf: "The absolute pinnacle of ceratopsian evolution. A completely solid shield built to withstand the bite of Tyrannosaurus rex."

The Armored

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Kentrosaurus aethiopicus	K. aethiopicus	Late Jurassic	152.0 Ma	Kimmeridgian	Ornithischia	Stegosauria	Stegosauridae	1.5 meters	4.5 meters	700 kg	Herbivore	Tendaguru Beds	Mtwara, Tanzania	Shoulder Spikes: Enormous, backward-pointing spikes growing directly from the shoulders to protect the flanks.	Hefty Smurf: "Whoa! Those shoulder spikes look like heavy-duty armor spikes! Nobody is sneaking up on this guy!"
Tuojiangosaurus multispinus	T. multispinus	Late Jurassic	161.0 Ma	Oxfordian	Ornithischia	Stegosauria	Stegosauridae	2.0 meters	7.0 meters	2,800 kg	Herbivore	Shaximiao Formation	Sichuan, China	Cone Plates: Features highly pointed, narrow, cone-like plates along the neck and back transitions.	Kimiko: "The sharp, triangular gradient along its spine has a beautiful geometric aesthetic. Sleek and dangerous."
Stegosaurus stenops	S. stenops	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Ornithischia	Stegosauria	Stegosauridae	4.0 meters	9.0 meters	5,000 kg	Herbivore	Morrison Formation	Colorado, USA	Thagomizer Display: Four massive, horizontal tail spikes used to punch through the legs of hunting allosaurs.	Optimus Prime: "A highly effective rear-facing defensive array. Its thermal-regulating dorsal plates maximize resource efficiency."
Scelidosaurus harrisonii	S. harrisonii	Early Jurassic	191.0 Ma	Sinemurian	Ornithischia	Basal Thyreophora	Scelidosauridae	1.0 meters	4.0 meters	270 kg	Herbivore	Blue Lias Formation	Dorset, England	Proto-Armor Rows: Parallel lines of small, embedded bony studs representing the first major steps in armor evolution.	Simon Seville: "As an early basal thyreophoran, its skeletal anatomy bridges the evolutionary transition to quadrupeds."
Struthiosaurus transilvanicus	S. transilvanicus	Late Cretaceous	68.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	0.8 meters	2.5 meters	300 kg	Herbivore	Sânpetru Formation	Transylvania, Romania	Insular Dwarfism: Extremely small body plan evolved to survive on resource-limited prehistoric European islands.	Brainy Smurf: "An excellent example of insular dwarfism! Isolated ecosystems naturally select for reduced body volume."
Acanthopholis horridus	A. horridus	Early Cretaceous	100.0 Ma	Albian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	1.2 meters	4.0 meters	400 kg	Herbivore	Chalk Group	Kent, England	Spiked Collar: Rows of sharp, oval osteoderms (skin bones) guarding the vulnerable base of the neck.	Teodora: "A beautiful historical puzzle piece, though its fragmentary remains have kept scientists guessing for generations!"
Polacanthus foxii	P. foxii	Early Cretaceous	125.0 Ma	Barremian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	1.2 meters	5.0 meters	2,000 kg	Herbivore	Wessex Formation	Isle of Wight, UK	Pelvic Shield: A solid, continuous sheet of fused bone armor covering its entire lower back and hip region.	Bugs Bunny: "Eh, doc's got a whole turtle shell buckled onto his back! Talk about double-layered insurance!"
Silvisaurus condrayi	S. condrayi	Early Cretaceous	100.0 Ma	Albian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	1.0 meters	4.0 meters	1,000 kg	Herbivore	Dakota Formation	Kansas, USA	Airway Passages: Simple, open nasal cavities within a lightly built, armor-topped skull profile.	Alvin: "He's not as heavily packed as the late-game tanks, but he's got that classic armored style down!"
Palaeoscincus costatus	P. costatus	Late Cretaceous	75.0 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	1.5 meters	5.5 meters	2,500 kg	Herbivore	Judith River Formation	Montana, USA	Flank Spikes: Long, solid bony spikes projecting outward from the side to deny predators flank attacks.	Tigger: "He's got points pointing sideways, ways, ways! A big bouncy pounce would turn into a big prickly ouch!"
Scolosaurus thronus	S. thronus	Late Cretaceous	76.5 Ma	Campanian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Ankylosauridae	2.0 meters	6.0 meters	3,500 kg	Herbivore	Dinosaur Park Formation	Alberta, Canada	Twin Tail Spikes: Low, blunt bony cones decorating the top of its heavily clubbed tail shaft.	Michelangelo: "Check out that custom club! It's like a heavy metal mace covered in extra spikes. Totally wild!"
Ankylosaurus magniventris	A. magniventris	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Ankylosauridae	3.9 meters	11.0 meters	8,000 kg	Herbivore	Hell Creek Formation	Montana, USA	Heavy Tail Club: Massive, fused bone tail club driven by thick muscles, capable of shattering predatory limbs.	Garfield: "Built-in body armor and a mallet to keep pesky uninvited guests away. This guy knows how to enjoy quiet time."
Nodosaurus textilis	N. textilis	Late Cretaceous	95.0 Ma	Cenomanian	Ornithischia	Ankylosauria	Nodosauridae	1.5 meters	5.0 meters	2,000 kg	Herbivore	Frontier Formation	Wyoming, USA	Pebble Banding: Interlocking bands of small, pebble-like armor plates providing maximum flexibility.	Winnie the Pooh: "He looks like a very sturdy, woven basket. A bit bumpy to hug, but safe from the prickliest thistles."

Creatures

NAMED	SPECIES	TIME	AGE	STAGE	ORDER	SUBORDER	FAMILY	TALL	SIZE	WEIGHT	DIET	DIGSITE	LOCATION	SPECIAL SKILLS	CARTOON ALL STARS'S COMMENTS
Pteranodon sternbergi	P. sternbergi	Late Cretaceous	85.0 Ma	Santonian	Pterosauria	Pterodactyloidea	Pteranodontidae	1.2 meters	6.0 meters (wingspan)	35 kg	Piscivore	Niobrara Formation	Kansas, USA	Upright Cranial Crest: Large, vertical bony crest extending above the skull roof to act as a flight rudder and mating beacon.	Helicopter Chorus: "♪ Flying so high, steering with his head! Catching all the fishies before he goes to bed! ♪"
Rhamphorhynchus etchesi	R. etchesi	Late Jurassic	150.0 Ma	Tithonian	Pterosauria	Rhamphorhynchoidea	Rhamphorhynchidae	0.15 meters	0.6 meters (wingspan)	0.5 kg	Piscivore / Invertebrates	Kimmeridge Clay	Dorset, UK	Vane-Tipped Tail: Long, rigid bony tail ending in a diamond-shaped skin paddle used for dynamic aerodynamic stabilization.	Simon Seville: "The distally fused caudal vertebrae anchoring the aerodynamic vane reveal precise rudder mechanics for surface-skimming foraging."
Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni	Q. lawsoni	Late Cretaceous	66.0 Ma	Maastrichtian	Pterosauria	Pterodactyloidea	Azhdarchidae	13.5 meters	25.5 meters (wingspan)	650,000 kg	Carnivore	Javelina Formation	Texas, USA	Terrestrial Stalking: Strongly elongated neck bones and compact wings modified for efficient four-legged hunting on open land.	Optimus Prime: "An optimized biological aviator. Its high-clearance terrestrial walking stance demonstrates superior structural design."
Pterodactylus antiquus	P. antiquus	Late Jurassic	150.8 Ma	Tithonian	Pterosauria	Pterodactyloidea	Pterodactylidae	0.2 meters	1.0 meters (wingspan)	1.0 kg	Insectivore / Carnivore	Solnhofen Limestone	Bavaria, Germany	Soft Tissue Crest: Features a fibrous, non-bony skin crest along the skull roof paired with a straight, narrow needle-beak.	Teodora: "The classic pioneer of the skies! This beautiful creature was the very first pterosaur ever recognized by science."
Anurognathus ammoni	A. ammoni	Late Jurassic	150.8 Ma	Tithonian	Pterosauria	Rhamphorhynchoidea	Anurognathidae	0.05 meters	0.5 meters (wingspan)	0.04 kg	Insectivore	Solnhofen Limestone	Bavaria, Germany	Nocturnal Maneuverability: Short, frog-like skull with giant eyes and broad wings designed for high-dexterity insect hunting.	Alvin: "He's basically an ancient, flying fuzzy frog! Look at those giant bug eyes, he's ready to rock!"
Ornithosuchus woodwardi	O. woodwardi	Late Triassic	232.0 Ma	Carnian	Pseudosuchia	Ornithosuchidae	Ornithosuchidae	0.8 meters	2.2 meters	80 kg	Carnivore	Lossiemouth Sandstone	Moray, Scotland	Facial Armor Interlock: Robust skull structures with specialized crocodilian tooth arrangements for shearing tough reptile meat.	Hefty Smurf: "He looks like a crocodile that decided to stand up and walk like a dinosaur! Extra tough and mean!"
Teratosaurus suevicus	T. suevicus	Late Triassic	215.0 Ma	Norian	Pseudosuchia	Rauisuchia	Rauisuchidae	1.8 meters	6.0 meters	700 kg	Carnivore	Stubensandstein	Baden-Württemberg, Germany	Pillar-Erect Hips: Highly specialized straight hip joints that position the legs directly under the body for powerful walking.	Ludo: "Not true dinosaur but got giant teeth anyway! Big walking lizard monster trying to steal dinosaur jobs!"
Mosasaurus beaugei	M. beaugei	Late Cretaceous	66.5 Ma	Maastrichtian	Squamata	Mosasauria	Mosasauridae	5.5 meters	50.0 meters	60,000 kg	Carnivore	Oulad Abdoun Basin	Khouribga, Morocco	Hydrofoil Paddles: Broad, hyper-elongated finger bones forming stiff paddles for powerful marine pursuit.	Ripjaws: "Now this is an ocean king! Massive crushing jaws and perfect swimming paddles. Absolute aquatic perfection!"
Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus	D. amblyodoratus	Late Devonian	365.0 Ma	Famennian	Placodermi	Arthrodira	Dunkleosteidae	4.0 meters	14.0 meters	6,200 kg	Carnivore	Kettle Point Formation	Ontario, Canada	Shearing Bone Plates: Massive, self-sharpening bony jaw shields that snap together like scissors with immense force.	Garfield: "Built-in nutcrackers for jaws and a heavy metal helmet. Still, smells a bit too much like fish seafood for my taste."
Spider-tailed horned viper	Pseudocerastes urachnoides	Holocene	Current	Extant	Squamata	Serpentes	Viperidae	0.04 meters	0.7 meters	0.5 kg	Carnivore / Insectivore	Zagros Mountains	Ilam Province, Iran	Arachnid Mimicry: The tip of the tail features long, scale-like extensions that twitch to look exactly like a moving spider.	Daffy Duck: "A tail that looks like a delicious spider?! That is despicable, underhanded, and completely cheating! Yikes!"
Perry the Platypus	Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Agent)	Holocene	Current	Secret Agent	Monotremata	Platypoda	Ornithorhynchidae	0.4 meters	0.8 meters	2.3 kg	Carnivore (Insects/Larvae)	O.W.C.A. Headquarters	Tri-State Area, USA	Anatomical Espionage: Semi-aquatic stealth, venomous ankle spurs, and advanced tactical combat engineering masteries.	Bugs Bunny: "Eh, a platypus? Puts on fedora... PERRY the platypus?! Now that is a top-tier magic trick, doc."
Bar-ba-loot	Barbalootus truffulensis	Modern Era	Speculative	Forest Fauna	Mammalia	Fictional Brachiopoda	Bar-ba-lootidae	0.6 meters	0.9 meters	15 kg	Herbivore (Truffula Fruits)	Truffula Valley	Unspecified	Truffula Harvesting: Soft, double-layered insulating brown fur paired with high-flexibility fruit-grasping paws.	Winnie the Pooh: "He wears a lovely brown furry suit just like me, and he loves his sweet Truffula fruits as much as I love honey."
Swomee-Swan	Cygnus swomeensis	Modern Era	Speculative	Forest Fauna	Aves	Fictional Anseriformes	Swomee-Swanidae	1.0 meters	1.5 meters (wingspan)	8 kg	Omnivore	Truffula Valley	Unspecified	Vocal Resonator: Highly melodious, whistle-like vocal cords capable of continuous operatic signaling during flight.	Dawn: "Their singing voices are so beautiful and pure! They must sound wonderful migrating across the valley sky."
Humming-fish	Pisces hummingus	Modern Era	Speculative	Aquafauna	Actinopterygii	Fictional Cypriniformes	Humming-piscidae	0.15 meters	0.3 meters	1.2 kg	Herbivore (Truffula Sap)	Truffula Pond	Unspecified	Atmospheric Respiration: Ability to walk on land using pectoral fins while singing in clear four-part barbershop harmony.	Baby Kermit: "They can swim, walk on the grass, AND sing in perfect harmony? They'd be a huge hit on the Muppet Show!"

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References

↑ Markstein, Don. "The War That Time Forgot". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
↑ Batman #35
↑ Guns of the Dragon #1–4 (October 1998–January 1999)
↑ "GCD:: The War That Time Forgot". Comics.org. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

External links

Toonopedia: War That Time Forgot

This article "Dinosaur Island" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Dinosaur Island. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

[1] Markstein, Don. "The War That Time Forgot". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

[2] Batman #35

[3] Guns of the Dragon #1–4 (October 1998–January 1999)

[4] "GCD:: The War That Time Forgot". Comics.org. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

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