Discoid Periodic Table
The Discoid periodic table, also known as the Discoid periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is an alternative circular arrangement of the chemical elements. It is an alternative periodic table designed by Muzzammil Qureshi. It is a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that approximate orbital periodicity of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers..[1] The table is divided into two roughly semicircular areas called Parts. The periods of the table are replaced by circles called arcs, and the groups are replaced by families. Elements from the same family of the Discoid periodic table show similar chemical characteristics.
Overview
The Discoid periodic table is a 2-dimensional structured circular table. The elements are placed in circular cells, in reading order of ascending atomic number. The table is divided into two parts, reflecting the representative and transition metals. The concentric circular columns are called families, and the circles are called arcs. A new arc begins when a new electron shell starts to fill: elements in the same family have the same number of electrons that can be used for chemistry (except for helium in the noble gas group which is kept separated from hydrogen) so that similar physical and chemical properties recur at regular intervals.
Defects of Modern periodic table
Discoid periodic table of elements, like many other representations of the periodic table are formed due to the fact that the standard version of the Periodic table contains many defects. Most notable of these defects are:
- Uncertain position of hydrogen[2]
- Displaced f block[3]
- Misplaced helium[4]
Advantages of Discoid periodic table
The Discoid periodic table, like many other periodic tables, provides some solutions for apparent flaws of the periodic table such as
• Proper Position of Hydrogen: Hydrogen shares many similarities among various groups of the periodic table based upon its electronic configuration and valency. The Discoid Periodic table solves this issue by placing it at the center of the table, from where it shares many interstitial chemical properties with other elements of different Families.
• Placement of "La" and "Ac": The Lanthanide and Actinide series are placed outside the Periodic table. The discoid periodic table divides the table into two portions, which provides space for element placement. Moreover, unlike its standard counterpart it doesn't disturb the overall periodicity of the Table.
• Better Position of Helium: Helium is an element of Group-VIII A but according to the electronic configuration, it's an s block element but is placed with elements of p block. This issue has been resolved by placing Helium in the 1st arc with Hydrogen, so now it will be in the s-arc and shall be connected with its Group.
Possible future extension
The most recently named elements – nihonium (113), moscovium (115), tennessine (117), and oganesson (118) completed the seventh arc of the periodic table. Future elements would have to begin an eighth arc. These elements may be referred to either by their atomic numbers (e.g. "element 119"), or by the IUPAC systematic element names adopted in 1978, which directly relate to the atomic numbers (e.g. "ununennium" for element 119, derived from Latin unus "one", Greek ennea "nine", and the traditional -ium suffix for metallic elements). All attempts to synthesize such elements have failed so far. An attempt to make element 119 has been ongoing since 2018 at the Riken research institute in Japan.[5] If the eighth period follows the pattern set by the earlier periods, then it would contain fifty elements, filling the 8s, 5g, 6f, 7d, and finally 8p subshells in that order. But there is present discussion regarding whether this would truly be the case, as calculations predict that by this point relativistic effects should result in significant deviations from the Madelung rule. Eric Scerri has raised the question of whether an extended periodic table should take into account the failure of the Madelung rule in this region, or if such exceptions should be ignored.[6]
The discoid periodic table could possibly add more portions and arcs by adding more arcs. chords and arcs could be added to accommodate additional elements.
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- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ Ball, P. (2019). "Extreme chemistry: experiments at the edge of the periodic table". Nature. 565 (7741): 552–555. Bibcode:2019Natur.565..552B. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00285-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 30700884.
- ↑ Scerri, Eric (2020). "Recent attempts to change the periodic table". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 378 (2180). Bibcode:2020RSPTA.37890300S. doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0300. PMID 32811365 Check
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