Dmitri Shostakovich
Biography
Ancestry
Dmitriy's paternal great—grandfather was a veterinarian, Piotr M. Szostakowicz (1808-1871) born in town Shemetovo (now in Minsk region, Belarus).[1]. In 1830-1831, he participated in the Polish uprising and after its suppression, together with his wife, Maria-Joszefa Jasinska, he was exiled to the Perm Governorate[2][3][4] in the Urals. In the 1840s, the couple lived in Yekaterinburg, where they had a son, Bolesław-Artur Szostakowicz.[5][6] In Yekaterinburg, Piotr Szostakowicz rose to the rank of Collegiate Assessor; in 1858, the family moved to Kazan. Here, now in his high school years, Bolesław-Artur Szostakowicz became close to the leaders of a left-wing political group "Zemlya i Volya"[7].
After graduating from the gymnasium, at the end of 1862, Bolesław-Artur Szostakowicz went to Moscow. Later he worked in the management of Nizhny Novgorod Railway, and took an active part in organizing the escape from prison of a revolutionary Yaroslav Dombrovsky[8]. In 1865, Bolesław Szostakowicz returned to Kazan, where in 1866 he was arrested, escorted to Moscow and brought to trial in the case of N. A. Ishutina — D. V. Karakozova[9][2]. Four months later he was sentenced to exile in Siberia, relocated to Tomsk, and in 1872-1877 — to Narym, where he had a son named Dmitriy. A few years later, the family moved to Irkutsk, where Bolesław became the manager of the local branch of the Siberian Commercial Bank[5]. In 1892, he became an hereditary honorary citizen[10], however he chose to remain in Siberia[5][11].
Bolesław's son, Dmitriy Boleslavovich Shostakovich (1875-1922) moved to Saint Petersburg in the mid-1890s and entered the Natural Sciences Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics Saint Petersburg University, after which, in 1900, he was hired by The Chamber of Weights and Measures, that was created shortly before by D. I. Mendeleev[6]. In 1902, Dmitriy was appointed as a Senior Auditor of the Chamber, and in 1906 — head of the City Audit Chamber[12].
By the early 1900's Dmitriy Boleslavovich Shostakovich became involved in Russian revolutionary politics: according to family testimonies, on January 9 (22), 1905 he participated in a march to Winter Palace, and he let others to use his apartment to print anti-government proclamations[5].
Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich's maternal grandfather, Vasily Kokoulin (1850-1911), was born, like Dmitriy Boleslavovich, in Siberia; after graduating from the city college in Kirensk in the late 1860s, he moved to Bodaibo, a new gold rush attraction. In 1889 he became the manager of the mining office[5]. The official press noted that he "found time to delve into the needs of employees and workers and to meet their needs": he introduced insurance and medical care for workers, established trade in cheap goods for them, and built warm barracks[13].
His wife, Alexandra Petrovna Kokoulina, opened a school for workers' children; there is no information about her education, but it is known that in Bodaibo she organized an amateur orchestra, widely known in Siberia[14]. The youngest daughter of the Kokoulins, Sofya Vasilyevna (1878-1955), inherited her love of music from her mother: she studied piano under her mother's guidance at the Irkutsk Institute of Noble Maidens, and after graduating, she followed her older brother Yakov to the capital and was accepted into the St. Petersburg State Conservatory, where she studied first with S.A. Malozemova, and then with A. A. Rozanova[15]. Yakov Kokoulin studied at the Natural Sciences Department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, where he met his countryman Dmitriy Boleslavovich Shostakovich; their love of music brought them closer[16][2]. As an excellent singer, Yakov introduced Dmitriy Boleslavovich to his sister Sofia, and in February 1903their wedding took place[5]. In October of the same year, the young couple had a daughter, Maria, in September 1906 a son, named Dmitriy Dmitrievich , and three years later a younger daughter, Zoya[5][17].
References
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- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 17, 44.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedmikhail - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedhentova - ↑ Meyer 1998.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Khentova, I 1985.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mikheeva 1997.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 17-18.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 18-24.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 36-40.
- ↑ Shostakovich Boleslav Petrovich Archived 2023-08-17 at the Wayback Machine (01/27/1845, Yekaterinburg — 01/22/1919, Irkutsk) // Mayors, vowels and deputies of the Irkutsk Duma 1872-2011: biogr.reference book/author-comp. A.V. Petrov, M. M. Plotnikova; ed. by L. M. The little lady. Irkutsk: Ottisk Publ., 2011. 400s.
- ↑ Mikheeva 1997, p. 7-8.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 60-61.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 53.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedhunt - ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 54.
- ↑ Khentova, I 1985, p. 54-55.
- ↑ Mikheeva 1997, p. 10-11.
