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Dren McDonald

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki




Dren McDonald in his studio with a standup bass.

Dren McDonald (born May 28, 1967) is an American songwriter, arranger, music producer, and composer.

McDonald has worked in a variety of genres and media, including experimental indie rock, video game music, string quartet chamber music, and film and VR animation soundtracks. McDonald has composed music for video games, working with game studios and publishers such as Valve, Ubisoft, Glu Mobile, DeNA/Hasbro, Romero Games, Zynga, Tapulous, and more.[1][2][3] McDonald has also released albums with a number of different projects, including two as a member of Giant Ant Farm and two as a member of Grndntl Brnds, which were released on the label he founded, Vaccination Records.[4][5] As a solo artist he has issued several original game soundtrack releases on Nerdtracks Recordings, as well as instrumental recordings for Appearing Records. He has organized fundraising music projects The String Arcade[6] and polyheDren, and has taught at UC Santa Cruz and the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.[7]

Biography

Dren McDonald was born in Long Beach, California, and raised in Southern California until he moved to Oakland, California, in the mid-90s. He started studying music (piano) at the age of 5 and got serious about music by the age of 12.[8] While in college he started to experiment in interactive audio with a Mac Plus and a game called Crystal Quest, recording sounds directly into the Mac Plus and using them in the customizable game project.[9] He later played in bands and started a record label, Vaccination Records,[5] before getting into the game industry after the mid-2000s.

Early music career

Giant Ant Farm photographed in downtown Los Angeles in 1994. Members photographed here are Dren McDonald, Diane Barkauskas, Hannes Giger, Sherri Solinger, Jerry Wheeler and Mike Flanagan.

McDonald's discography began in 1994 with the release of Giant Ant Farm's Fortune on Vaccination Records. The album was reviewed in the LA Times, with critic Mike Boehm writing "[i]n contrast to the overt expressions of anger and dread you get in most punk songs about the declining state of things, McDonald offers symbolic and metaphoric dreamscapes".[4] In 1995, McDonald made an appearance as a turntablist on John Cage's Europeras 3 & 4 with the Long Beach Opera on Mode Records.[10] In 1996, Giant Ant Farm's second album, an EP titled Dressed in Milk, was released.

In 1996, Giant Ant Farm also made an appearance on the compilation record, Eyesore: A Stab at The Residents (a tribute to the art collective The Residents), appearing with artists such as Primus, Cracker, Thinking Fellers Union Local 282, Stan Ridgway, The Mommyheads, Utotem, Snakefinger, Splatter Trio, Heavy Vegetable, Amy Denio, and Vaccination Records labelmates Charming Hostess, Eskimo, The Poxy Boggards, and Idiot Flesh, and The Residents themselves. The release also featured liner notes from longtime Residents fan, Penn Jillette (of Penn & Teller).[11] In a 1997 interview, the spokesman for The Residents, Cryptic Corp's Homer Flynn, said that The Residents were "quite flattered by [Eyesore]".[12]

Bands associated with Vaccination Records formed a community of musicians,[13][14] and were responsible for many large event shows in the Bay Area at the time, including the Making Waves Festival in 1997[15] and Idiot Flesh's last show.[16] McDonald also spoke at NXNW in 1998 and held a Vaccination Records showcase at the festival that year in Portland, Oregon.[17]

Dren McDonald and Nina Rolle of Giant Ant Farm performing at the Eyesore: A Stab at The Residents record release party at The Stork Club, Oakland, CA in 1996.

McDonald's next releases came with the band Grndntl Brnds (pronounced Grand National Brands) with Communicating for Influence (2000) and The Great Dumbening (2002). The band debuted in 1998 and often changed the second half of their name for shows.[18] Besides McDonald, Grndntl Brnds included members of Fibulator, Little My, and Molecules.[19] The Great Dumbening would also be the last title released by Vaccination Records.[20]

As Vaccination Records was winding down, McDonald took over The Residents' Ralph America merchandise business, brought it online, and began a new internet business called Clamazon. Clamazon featured collectible, hard-to-find albums and music packages and included internet radio stations of the music on the platform and a database of music credits that helped record hunters find related music and releases.[5] Clamazon has since closed down, but when going to Clamazon.com there is an auto-redirect to Amazon.com.[21]

As the music industry was changing in the early 2000s, McDonald began to change his career and looked toward video game music and sound as a new direction.[1]

Video game industry career

McDonald's video game music career began with Tap Tap Revenge (2009), an early iOS game; he soon went on to work on more titles, including Ravenwood Fair, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Commander, Skulls of the Shogun, Dangerous Dave in the Deserted Pirate's Hideout, Ravenshire Castle, Pettington Park, Desktop Dungeons, and more.[1][2][9][22]

Dren McDonald conducting The String Arcade during a recording session in 2013 in Oakland, CA.

In 2014, McDonald created the musical sound design for Elevate,[1] Apple's pick for App of the Year in 2014.[23] That same year he also contributed to Rebuild3: Gangs of Deadville, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Music Kits, and released a fundraiser album of video game music arranged for string quartet, entitled The String Arcade.[6] The String Arcade release gave 100% of its sales and streaming revenue to Alameda Music Project (now known as Bay Area Music Project).[24] It was well received[25][26][27] and won an award at the Game Audio Network Guild Awards in 2015 for Best Game Music Cover/Remix.[28]

Later that year, McDonald organized a Music in Schools fundraiser with Humble Bundle, putting together a large bundle of music and games that also went to support Alameda Music Project. The collection included The String Arcade along with releases from Jello Biafra (and three other titles from his label, Alternative Tentacles), Eyesore; A Stab at The Residents, The Residents' I Murdered Mommy, unreleased cues from Sam Hulick's Mass Effect 3 soundtrack, soundtracks from Fez, Dear Esther, FTL, Spelunky, Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs, Escape Goat 2, film soundtracks like Super Size Me, and games like AudioSurf and Sequence.[29]

In 2015, McDonald contributed soundtracks to John Romero's reboot of Dangerous Dave in the Deserted Pirate's Hideout[30] and Pontoco's Gathering Sky.[31] Dangerous Dave was first released in 1988, and it had several incarnations and sequels until in 2015 Romero rebuilt the game with new graphics and McDonald's score and made it available on iOS and Android.[32] The blend of computer generated 8-bit waveform sounds and Appalachian-influenced instrumentation (fiddle, mandolin, banjo, dobro guitar, standup bass) resulted in a genre McDonald referred to as "chipbilly".[33]

Gathering Sky gained a reputation as a calming, experiential "game", with no killing, dying, scoring, or points.[34][35][36] For a small independent game it received positive reviews, many of which recognized McDonald's interactive score.[37][38][39][40][41] The score was recorded at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where McDonald would later teach as an adjunct professor; it was the first project recorded at SFCM's brand new Technology and Applied Composition (TAC) facilities.[42]

In 2016, Gathering Sky won awards at the Game Audio Network Guild Awards for Best Audio for an Indie Game, Best Sound Design in a Casual/Social Game, and Best Game Audio Article, Publication, or Broadcast.[43] The soundtrack was released with the game on Steam, and on streaming music services. During an episode of TopScore Podcast covering the recording of the Gathering Sky soundtrack, it was announced that SFCM, where McDonald had recorded the soundtrack, was launching the inaugural class of its Technology and Applied Composition undergraduate program.[44]

That same year, McDonald appeared in the documentary Beep: A Documentary History of Game Sound which included a compendium book.[45] He also wrote a three-part audio development blog journal on GameDeveloper (formerly GamaSutra),[46] and began a game project called Fire Child which remains unfinished, though a trailer for the game has been released.[47]

That year he also began work on another game with John Romero, Gunman Taco Truck, which was designed by Romero's stepson, Donovan.[48] The Gunman Taco Truck soundtrack used unusual recording techniques to help create the sound of a dystopian mariachi band, such as mechanical filters and junky microphones[49][3] while recording live musicians. The game received positive reviews and many video reviews due to the comic nature of the game.[50][51]

Film scores

In 2017, McDonald scored the documentary short Fingerprints, which was part of the Cleveland International Film Festival[52] and the Mill Valley Film Festival, and is "the story of two music programs for kids – one in Haiti and one in California – that come together, discovering that music is a universal language that connects us all."[53] The two songs (produced/arranged by McDonald) featured in the documentary were released under the artist name of Fingerprints World Orchestra.[54] At the Mill Valley Film Festival premiere of the film, Bob Weir and other musicians played after the film's screening at the Sweetwater Music Hall.[55] In 2019, McDonald scored the full length documentary The Edge of Success, about "two high school suicide clusters in six years that [rock] the affluent town of Palo Alto, California. Emotions run high and while no one has a silver bullet solution to this crisis, students rise up to make sure their voices are heard." This film was part of 2019's Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival.[56]

Academia

In 2013, McDonald began a stint in academia, teaching Audio Direction in the Games and Playable Media department at the University of California, Santa Cruz.[57] In 2015, he began as an adjunct professor in the new Technology and Applied Composition program (TAC) at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music along with composers Laura Karpman, Jeff Beal, Austin Wintory, Jessica Curry and recording engineer Leslie Ann Jones.[7][58] The TAC program became known for its combination of technology, classical musicianship and experimentation.[59]

McDonald has contributed to the academic publications The Game Audio Strategy Guide: A Practical Course[60] and The Beep Book: Documenting the History of Game Sound.[2]

Music and sound in AR/VR

In 2017, Instagram released the Superzoom camera effect, the first Instagram audio effect,[61] which featured McDonald's musical stinger; he later added it to a full length song for the Facebook Sound collection.[22] In 2018, McDonald began experimenting in audio for augmented reality, specifically with Spark AR Studio, and he spoke at F8 about the possibilities of music and audio in AR.[62] The same year saw the launch of Meta's Portal device, which included an AR launch feature called Story Time, to which McDonald contributed music and sounds.[63] In 2019, McDonald spoke on the subject of AR audio at AES,[64] and at Abbey Road Studios during a weekend hackathon featuring Spark AR and the power of audio immersion.[65] In 2020, McDonald spoke at the D.E.W. conference about AR and audio/music.[66]

In 2022, McDonald scored and audio directed the VR animation, Mescaform Hill: The Missing Five produced by Oculus/Meta. The animated VR project was created with Quill and premiered at the Tribeca Festival in June 2022.[67] The VR project was ported to a web viewing platform and made publicly available.[68]

polyheDren music collaboration

In 2020, McDonald began a music collaboration project, polyheDren,[69] with a series of musical guests as a fundraiser for Bay Area Music Project.[24][70] The first four singles were released in 2020, with the full length record being released in April 2022. The album was produced, mixed and written by McDonald, with each song featuring a different music collaboration. Collaborators include Josh Freese (NIN, Sting, Devo), The Residents, Nels Cline (Wilco), Iva Bittová, Rini (Harini S. Ragavan), Sangin' Sara Williams, Moorea Dickason, Ali Paris, Misha Khalikulov, and Daria Novo.

In January 2023, McDonald joined Josh Freese at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music for a 50th Anniversary concert for The Residents, along with several other guest performers including Les Claypool (Primus), David J (Bauhaus), Ego Plum, Pamela Z, and The San Francisco Girls Chorus. The concert was organized by SFCM's Edwin Outwater.[71]

Guitar orchestra

In 2022, McDonald began releasing a suite of instrumental singles emulating the sound of a guitar orchestra, using various guitar instruments such as acoustic guitar, classical guitar, 12-string guitar, baritone guitar, fretless bass, and e-bowed guitar, layering these parts over and over to create this sound. A full length album of these pieces was released in April 2023 on Appearing Records.[72]

Awards

  • 1997: San Francisco Bay Guardian Best of the Bay: Best Reason to Graft a 3rd Ear to Your Forehead – Vaccination Records[73]
  • 2011: Game Audio Network Guild (GANG) Awards: Distinguished Service Award[74]
  • 2015: Game Audio Network Guild (GANG): Best Remix/Cover Song – "Grasswalk" (Plants vs. Zombies), The String Arcade[75]
  • 2016: Game Audio Network Guild (GANG): Best Game Audio Article – Audio Journals: Gathering Sky (GamaSutra)[76]
  • 2016: Game Audio Network Guild (GANG): Best Sound Design in a Casual Game – Gathering Sky[76]
  • 2016: Game Audio Network Guild (GANG): Best Indie Game Audio – Gathering Sky[76]

Discography

Giant Ant Farm

  • Fortune (Vaccination Records, 1994, CD)
  • Eyesore: A Stab at The Residents (Vaccination Records, 1996, CD – compilation)
  • Dressed in Milk (Vaccination Records, 1996, CD)

Grndntl Brnds

  • Communicating for Influence (Vaccination Records, 2000, CD)
  • Rawk Party (Vaccination Records, 2000, CD – compilation)
  • The Great Dumbening (Vaccination Records, 2002, CD)

polyheDren

  • Psychic (BAMP Records, 2022, CD/digital/LP/Atmos)

Solo works

  • Original Soundtrack – Dangerous Dave in the Deserted Pirate's Hideout (Nerdtracks Recordings, 2015, CD/digital)
  • Original Soundtrack – Gathering Sky (Nerdtracks Recordings, 2015, digital)
  • Original Soundtrack – Gunman Taco Truck (Nerdtracks Recordings, 2017, CD/digital)
  • J. (Appearing Records, 2022, digital)
  • D. Part 1 (Appearing Records, 2022, digital)
  • H. (Appearing Records, 2023, digital)

Contributor

  • John Cage, Europeras 3 & 4 (Mode Records, 1995, CD)
  • Moe!kestra!, Knormalities V. 2 Exclamatories! (DephineKnormal/Amanita, 2000, 7")
  • Robot Arm, Giant (Motherfuckingjackson Recordings, 2002, CD)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Zientek, John (2015-11-02). "An Inside Look at How Video Game Music Is Composed". Gear Patrol.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Collins, Karen; Greening, Chris (2016). The Beep Book: Documenting the History of Game Sound. Ehtonal. ASIN B01J1YDNQ8. Search this book on
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Levine, Mike (2017-06-13). "Of Mutants, Tacos, and Mariachi". Electronic Musician. Archived from the original on 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2023-01-31. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Boehm, Mike (1995-04-13). "GAF, Soul Scream: Acts of Individualism". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hurwitt, Sam (2001-06-08). "All About the Clam". East Bay Express. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The String Arcade — available today — beautifully combines video game music with string instruments". VentureBeat. 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Peterson, Tyler (2014-09-17). "SFCM Announces New Program in Technology and Applied Composition". Broadway World. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  8. ↑ Tang, Stephanie (2014-03-17). "Video Game Tribute Album: An Interview with The String Arcade Composer Dren McDonald". GameSkinny. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Menhorn, Jack (2013-08-13). "Interview: Dren McDonald and Skulls of the Shogun". Designing Sound. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  10. ↑ "Cage: Europeras 3 and 4 – Mode Records". Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  11. ↑ "Penn Jillette – The Vogue". Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  12. ↑ Cerio, Steven (2010-05-30). "Interview with The Residents- Seconds #43 (1997)". StevenCerio.com. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  13. ↑ Meister, Todd (2001-12-26). ""Voodoo Muck: From the mixed-up files of Sleepytime Gorilla Museum"". Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  14. ↑ Chun, Kimberly (1999-03-05). "Charming Hostess Serves Musical Mosaic". SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  15. ↑ Prestianni, Sam (1997-07-02). "Barely a Ripple". SFWEEKLY. Archived from the original on 2021-09-25. Retrieved 2023-01-31. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Arriaga, Robert; et al. (1998-03-11). "Riff Raff". SFWEEKLY. Archived from the original on 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2023-01-31. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Steininger, Alex (October 1998). "In Music We Trust - NORTH BY NORTHWEST: Conferences and Music". www.inmusicwetrust.com. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  18. ↑ Hemm, Mae (1998-11-26). "Mae Hemm: Week of Nov.26th-Dec.2nd". SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  19. ↑ Hemm, Mae (1999-02-05). "Mae Hemm: Week of Feb.5th-11th". SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  20. ↑ "Vaccination Records". Archived from the original on 2003-03-25. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  21. ↑ "Clamazon". Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "nerdtracks global music". NERDTRACKS Global. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  23. ↑ Graham, Jefferson (2014-12-08). "Meet Apple's iPhone app of the year: Elevate". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "stringarcadeproject". BAY AREA MUSIC PROJECT. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  25. ↑ Swain, Eric (2014-04-16). "The String Arcade, PopMatters". PopMatters. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  26. ↑ Cowan, Danny (2014-01-28). "Classic game themes get classier in string quartet album The String Arcade". Engadget. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  27. ↑ Gereben, Janos (2014-03-04). "String Arcade Dresses Up Game Music". SFCV. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  28. ↑ Savery, Richard (2015-03-10). "13th Annual GANG Awards Winners". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  29. ↑ Anderson, Michael (2014-06-04). "Humble "Music in Schools" Bundle - Raise Funds for Music Education". Gear Diary. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  30. ↑ "Development Team". Dangerous Dave. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  31. ↑ "Gathering Sky". Pontoco. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  32. ↑ Gagne, Ken (2015-12-21). "Scoring Dangerous Dave". Apple II Bits. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  33. ↑ Hickey Jr., Patrick (2016-01-09). "Dren McDonald Talks "Dangerous Dave" and More". Review Fix. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  34. ↑ Fisher, Jessica (2015-09-08). "3 Beautiful Games on Mobile You Should Relax to Right Now". Nerdist. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  35. ↑ Priestman, Chris (2015-08-06). "Gathering Sky lets you conduct flocks of birds as you would a piece of music". Kill Screen. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  36. ↑ Cunningham, James (2015-08-23). "Review: Gathering Sky". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  37. ↑ Chalk, Andy (2015-08-14). "Gathering Sky is a short, meditative game about birds in a distant world". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  38. ↑ Hudson, Laura (2015-08-13). "Soar on the wind as a flock of birds in Gathering Sky". Boing Boing. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  39. ↑ Rauch, Eron. "The Gathering Sky". Video Games for the Arts. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  40. ↑ Craggs, Matthew (2015-09-24). "Gathering Sky". CN&R. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  41. ↑ Rochefort, Simone de (2015-09-08). "Gathering Sky Review: A Relaxing, Immersive Journey". Pixelkin. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  42. ↑ "Inaugural TAC Studio Project Wins 3 Awards". sfcm.edu. 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  43. ↑ "2016 G.A.N.G. Awards Winners". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  44. ↑ "San Francisco Conservatory of Music stretches bounds". www.yourclassical.org. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  45. ↑ Collins, Karen (October 2016). "Game Sound in the Mechanical Arcades: An Audio Archaeology". Game Studies. 16 (1). ISSN 1604-7982.
  46. ↑ "Dren McDonald". Game Developer. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  47. ↑ "FIRE CHILD Blends Cartoon Style Animation with Creepiness". GameTyrant. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  48. ↑ "A 10-year-old designs Gunman Taco Truck with help from legendary gaming parents". VentureBeat. 2015-03-23. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  49. ↑ Savery, Richard (2015-09-29). "Dren McDonald on Gathering Sky and Gunman Taco Truck". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  50. ↑ Orr, Ed (2017-11-14). "Our Gunman Taco Truck Review". www.gamespace.com. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  51. ↑ "Gunman Taco Truck". TouchArcade. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  52. ↑ "Fingerprints - Cleveland International Film Festival :: March 22 - April 1, 2023". www.clevelandfilm.org. Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  53. ↑ "Fingerprints". California Film Institute. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  54. ↑ "Fingerprints: The Haiti Project". BAY AREA MUSIC PROJECT. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  55. ↑ Kahn, Andy (2017-10-09). "Bob Weir, Jay Lane, Lebo & Others Cover Tom Petty At Sweetwater". JamBase. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  56. ↑ The Edge of Success, retrieved 2023-02-01
  57. ↑ "GAME215: Audio Direction | Course Web Pages (Old Site)". courses.soe.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  58. ↑ Peterson, Tyler (2014-11-06). "SFCM Sets Visiting Industry Faculty and Guest Artsts". Broadway World. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  59. ↑ Voynovskaya, Nastia (2018-03-06). "In San Francisco, Video Games Are Classical Music's New Frontier". KQED. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  60. ↑ Zdanowicz, Gina; Bambrick, Spencer (2019). The Game Audio Strategy Guide: A Practical Course (1st ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. Acknowledgements. ISBN 9781138498341. Search this book on
  61. ↑ Constine, Josh (2017-10-26). "Instagram Superzoom records dramatic close-up videos". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  62. ↑ "Tips for pairing sound to AR effects in Spark AR - Video". ZDNET. 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  63. ↑ "Story Time in Portal by Facebook - Dren scores some stories!". NERDTRACKS Global. 2018-12-02. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  64. ↑ "AES New York 2019 » Game Audio & XR Track Event Details". www.aes.org. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  65. ↑ "Hackathon". Abbey Road. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  66. ↑ "Dren McDonald". Digital Entertainment World. 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  67. ↑ "Mescaform Hill: The Missing Five | 2022 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  68. ↑ "Mescaform Hill - The Missing Five". Mescaform Hill - The Missing Five. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  69. ↑ "Music Collaborations For Fundraising". polyhedren music. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  70. ↑ Morris, Kurt (2022-11-15). "POLYHEDREN: Psychic: CD". Razorcake. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  71. ↑ Heigl, Alex (2023-01-17). "SFCM Hosts Beloved SF Avant-Garde Rockers The Residents for Winter Term". SFCM. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  72. ↑ "Appearing Records". Appearing Records. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  73. ↑ "Entertainment & Nightlife". Best of the Bay. 1997-07-30. Archived from the original on 2000-05-16. Retrieved 2023-02-15. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ "2011 Awards". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  75. ↑ Savery, Richard (2015-03-10). "13th Annual GANG Awards Winners". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 "2016 G.A.N.G. Awards Winners". Game Audio Network Guild. Retrieved 2023-02-15.

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