Ecological-economic modelling
Definition
Ecological-economic models are abstract representations of ecological-economic or socio-ecological systems and are used to integrate ecological and socio-economic knowledge in a formal, mathematical manner. Fields of application include, among others, biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of renewable resources.
Why ecological-economic modelling
The loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services generally has both economic causes and economic consequences. Disciplinary ecological or economic models miss out on the respective other dimension and, in particular, on the interaction between the two dimensions. Ecological-economic models help capture the whole picture.[1]
Typical applications of ecological-economic modelling
Ecological-economic models are mathematical tools for integrated ecological-economic research. Typical research questions include, among others, the cost-effective allocation of biodiversity conservation efforts, so that a conservation goal is maximized for given economic costs[2][3], the analysis and design of biodiversity conservation instruments, such as payments for landowners who carry out conservation measures[4][5], and the optimal management of renewable resources such as fish populations[6][7]
Mathematical implementation of ecological-economic models
The formulation and structure of ecological-economic models should be chosen depending on the research question. An ecological-economic model usually consists of an economic and an ecological module where the economic module, e.g., simulates the land-use decisions of landowners and the ecological module simulates how the land use pattern affects the dynamics of species populations. The decisions of the land users may be modeled by simple profit functions or agent-based approaches, and the ecological dynamics may be modeled by mathematical equations or individual-based models[8]. Consideration of spatial structure may range from simple two-patch models to grid-based models like cellular automata. If the ecological and the economic modules affect each other, for instance if land use affects the dynamics of species populations and the state of the species populations affects the decisions of the landowners, a feedback loop occurs[9]. By this, ecological-economic models are closely related to bio-economic and system-dynamic models.
Relevant books
Drechsler, M., 2020. Ecological-economic Modelling for Biodiversity Conservation. Cambridge University Press.
Clark, C.W., 2010. Mathematical Bioeconomics: The Mathematics of Conservation, 3rd Edition. Wiley.
Flichman, G. (Ed.), 2011. Bio-Economic Models applied to Agricultural Systems. Springer.
Proops, J., Safonov, P., 2005. Modelling in Ecological Economics (Current Issues in Ecological Economics series). Edward Elgar.
Voinov, A.A., 2008. Systems Science and Modeling for Ecological Economics. Academic Press.
References
- ↑ Wätzold, F., Drechsler, M., Armstrong, C.W., Baumgärtner, S., Grimm, V., Huth, A., Perrings, C., Possingham, H.P., Shogren, J.F., Skonhoft, A., Verboom-Vasiljew, J., Wissel, C., 2006. Ecological‐economic modeling for biodiversity management: potential, pitfalls, and prospects. Conservation Biology 20 (4), 1034-1041. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00353.x
- ↑ Ando, A., Camm, J., Polasky, S., Solow, A., 1998. Species distributions, land values, and efficient conservation. Science 279 (5359), 2126-2128. doi: 10.1126/science.279.5359.2126
- ↑ Polasky, S., Nelson, E., Camm, J., Csuti, B., Fackler, P., Lonsdorf, E., Montgomery, C., White, D., Arthur, J., Garber-Yonts, B., Haight, R., Kagan, J., Starfield, A., Tobalske, C., 2008. Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns. Biological Conservation 141 (6), 1505-1524. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.022
- ↑ Mouysset, L., Doyen, L., Jiguet, F., Allaire, G., Leger, F., 2011. Bio economic modeling for a sustainable management of biodiversity in agricultural lands. Ecological Economics 70 (4), 617-626. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.12.006
- ↑ Wätzold, F. Drechsler, M., Johst, K., Mewes, M., Sturm, A., 2016. A novel, spatiotemporally explicit ecological-economic modeling procedure for the design of cost-effective agri-environment schemes to conserve biodiversity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 98 (2), 489-512. doi: 10.1093/ajae/aav058
- ↑ Skonhoft, A., Vestergaard, NB., Quaas, M., 2012. Optimal harvest in an age structured model with different fishing selectivity. Environmental and Resource Economics 51 (4), 525-544. doi: 10.1007/s10640-011-9510-x
- ↑ Quaas, M.F., Reusch, T.B.H., Schmidt, J.O., Tahvonen, O., Voss, R., 2016. It is the economy, stupid! Projecting the fate of fish populations using ecological–economic modeling. Global Change Biology 22 (1), 264-270. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13060
- ↑ Grimm, V., Railsback, S., 2005. Individual-based Modeling and Ecology. Princeton University Press.
- ↑ Settle, C., Crocker, T.D., Shogren, J.F., 2002. On the joint determination of biological and economic systems. Ecological Economics 42, 201-311. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00105-2
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