Egypt–Turkey proxy conflict
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The Egypt–Turkey proxy conflict is an ongoing proxy conflict between Egypt and Turkey. Having its roots in the Egyptian Crisis, Egypt and Turkey peddle for influence in Syria, Libya, Azerbaijan, Qatar, and Tunisia. Relations have been adverse and hostile between Egypt and Turkey since the Overthrow of Mohamed Morsi, Egypt's Turkish-backed ex-president.
History[edit]
Background[edit]
Turkey had allegedly supported the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, of which hurt relations between both countries.[44] Relations grew under Morsi, however, his overthrow was supported by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Qatar.[45][46][47] Turkey severed ties with Egypt entirely after the coup due to Turkey's support for the Muslim Brotherhood.[48]
Timeline[edit]
2013[edit]
2014[edit]
2015[edit]
2016[edit]
2017[edit]
2018[edit]
2019[edit]
2020[edit]
The conflict ensued more within 2020, with the deployment of Turkish troops and mercenaries to Libya. Egypt followed suit in July, allegedly 'for a showdown'.[49][50][51] A ceasefire on 21 August prevented of what could've been 'a catastrophic showdown' between Turkey and Egypt.
Murder of Samuel Paty and Controversies[edit]
The Murder of Samuel Paty, a French middle school teacher, occurred on 16 October, perpetrated by a Chechen Islamic Extremist.[52] After the murder, statements made by multiple Islamic countries, including Pakistan, Tunisia, Qatar, Malaysia, and especially Turkey, justified the attack and condemned French President Emmanuel Macron for apparent Islamophobia.[53] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Macron ensued in a dispute for making comments either justifying the attack or condemning the attack.[54][55][56] Mainly, Egypt condemned the attack, however, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi justified the attack, saying that 'freedom of expression stops when [they] insult Islam.[57]
2021[edit]
On 25 July 2021, Tunisian President Kais Saied staged a self coup which resulted in a political crisis, after protests against the Ennahda Movement, the party of the then-prime minister Hichem Mechichi, who was removed during the self coup. The Saied was supported by Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE, and Greece,[58][59][60][61] while the Ennahda protestors were supported by the Muslim Brotherhood, Turkey, and Qatar.[62]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Egypt sends forces to Syria for Assad regime". AA. 30 July 2020.
- ↑ Libya's GNA call Egypt's military threat as a 'declaration of war' Al-Jazeera
- ↑ "In Egypt, Many Leaders Quietly Cheered Turkish Coup Plotters". Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ↑ Telci, Ismail Numan. "Middle Eastern supporters of Turkey's failed coup". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ↑ "'Egypt committed to supporting Libyan national army in battle against armed militias,' parliament speaker – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online". english.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ↑ Egypt and the Darfur Conflict
- ↑ "Pentagon Says UAE Possibly Funding Russia's Shadowy Mercenaries in Libya". Foreign Policy.
The Defense Department’s inspector general found that the United Arab Emirates is financing Russian Wagner Group mercenaries—just as Trump aims to sell the UAE billions of dollars worth of arms.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Are the PKK and Cairo new allies?". Rudaw. 27 June 2016.
Cairo reportedly gave the PKK delegation funds and weapons after the second meeting, the report adds.
- ↑ "UAE's Gargash joins Arab world in condemning Turkey offensive in Syria". The National.
- ↑ "Foreign policy and commercial interests drive closer UAE-Syria ties". Middle East Institute.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Egypt announces international anti-Turkey alliance". al-monitor.com. 31 May 2020.
- ↑ "Russia, Turkey, send troops and warplanes to Libya".
- ↑ What is Russia’s Endgame in Syria? 'Lacking better options, Russia appears to be pursuing a 'spheres of influence' model' United States Institute for Peace
- ↑ "In arms race for air superiority, Russia challenges US hegemony". Al Jazeera. 3 May 2021.
- ↑ "Egypt's Sisi expresses support for Syria's military". al-Jazeera. 23 November 2016.
- ↑ Kynfield, Ben. "Egypt shifts to open support for Assad regime in Syrian civil war". Jerusalem Post.
- ↑ https://insidearabia.com/busting-myths-about-sudans-libya-foreign-policy/
- ↑ https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/saudi-arabia-uae-support-egypts-comments-on-libya/1884428 Andalou Agency
- ↑ "Greece, Israel and Cyprus call Turkey's planned Libya deployment 'dangerous escalation'". Reuters. 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
- ↑ "Syrian mercenaries sustain Turkey's foreign policy | DW | 30.09.2020". DW.COM.
- ↑ Reuters Staff (15 February 2016). "Russia says Turkey helps 'jihadis, mercenaries' to penetrate Syria". Archived from the original on 9 October 2020 – via lta.reuters.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Syrian rebel and regime forces now fight in Libya". France 24. 19 May 2020.
- ↑ "I am not a neo-Ottoman, Davutoğlu says". Today's Zaman. Turkey. 25 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Turkey: AKP's Hidden Agenda or a Different Vision of Secularism?". Nouvelle Europe. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2015."The "Hidden" That Never Was". Reflections Turkey. Retrieved 7 June 2015.[permanent dead link]
"Support for Muslim Brotherhood isolates Turkey". Die Weld. Retrieved 7 June 2015.Ömer Taşpınar (1 April 2012). "Islamist Politics in Turkey: The New Model?". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved 7 June 2015. - ↑ "Turkey's relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ↑ "Support for Muslim Brotherhood isolates Turkey". Die Weld. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ↑ https://www.jewishpress.com/news/middle-east/qatar/hamas-distributes-qatari-money-quietly-brought-into-gaza/2019/07/21/
- ↑ https://www.state.gov/on-sanctioning-of-four-financial-facilitators-for-hamas/
- ↑ "FDD | Turkish Organizations Under Fire for Alleged Hamas Support". 22 March 2017.
- ↑ "Yemen on the brink: how the UAE is profiting from the chaos of civil war". The Guardian. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ Jihadis are becoming Turkey's permanent Proxy force. Israel Hayom
- ↑ "Are Turkey and Islamist HTS group in Syria's Idlib allies?". Ahval News.
- ↑ Cupolo, Diego (January 2, 2020). "Turkish parliament approves troop deployment to Libya". Al-Monitor.
- ↑ "Why does Turkey seek a greater role in war-torn Libya?". France 24. December 22, 2019.
- ↑ Taştekin, Fehim (3 February 2016). "Turkey's nationalist 'Gray Wolves' enter Syrian fray". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-02-05. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Turkey deeply concerned about suspension of Tunisia's parliament". Daily Sabah. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ↑ "Abdulrahman Sewehli thanks Qatari Emir for his support". 13 March 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
- ↑ "Why Turkey Chose Qatar". The National Interest. 25 May 2017.
- ↑ Jihadis are becoming Turkey's permanent Proxy force. Israel Hayom
- ↑ "Azerbaijani MFA released a statement on military operations conducted by Turkey Army in Northern Syria". apa.az. October 11, 2019.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ "Turkey says deals with Albania will take ties to strategic partnership". TRT. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ↑ Iran FM voices support for Turkey-backed Libya government Middle East Monitor, June 17, 2020
- ↑ "Turkish PM proud of stance against Mubarak, slams opposition". Hurriyet Daily News. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ↑ "UAE offers Egypt $3 billion support, Saudis $5 billion". Reuters. 9 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Friends again? Saudi Arabia, UAE jump in to aid Egypt". Christian Science Monitor. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Law, Bill (5 July 2013). "Qatar hails new Egypt leader in apparent policy shift". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Turkey PM blasts Egypt 'coup' as enemy of democracy Archived 9 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. FRANCE 24 (5 July 2013). Retrieved on 15 August 2013.
- ↑ "Egypt raises army readiness in anticipation of Libya showdown with Turkey". The Arab Weekly. 10 July 2020.
- ↑ "President Abdel Fattah Sisi says Egypt has a legitimate right to intervene in Libya, orders army to prepare". ABC News. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ↑ "Egypt readies army to intervene in Libya 'if necessary'". France 24. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ↑ Chazan, David; Jalil, Jannat; Samuel, Henry (16 October 2020). "Teacher beheaded in Paris suburb after showing cartoons of Prophet Mohammed to class". The Daily Telegraph.
- ↑ Alam, Julhas. "Thousands in Bangladesh protest against French cartoons". ABC News. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ↑ "Egypt expresses 'utmost condemnation' of beheading of French teacher in Paris suburb – Politics – Egypt". Ahram Online. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ↑ "Turkish parliament condemns remarks by France's Macron in cartoon row". Reuters. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ↑ "France reacts after Erdogan questions Macron's mental health". ABC News. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ↑ "Egypt says freedom of expression 'stops' when Muslims offended". Reuters UK. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ↑ "Kais Saied Says he Values Saudi Arabia's Permanent Support for Tunisia". Africa News. 31 July 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ↑ "Egypt vows full support for Tunisian president". Africa News. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ↑ "UAE says it supports Tunisian president's decisions". Reuters. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ↑ Nedos, Vassilis (2021-09-08). "Greece backs Tunisia's fight for stability". eKathimerini. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
- ↑ Lewis, Aidan (25 October 2011). "Profile: Tunisia's Ennahda Party". BBC. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
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