Engineering companies of Scandinavia
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Norway, Danmark and Sweden have a rich history of ship-building. Some historical vessels have been well-preserved, like the Vasa ship in Stockholm and the Oseberg ship in Oslo. Ancient fortifications that have been preserved are for example Christiansholm Fortress in Kristiansand, Oscarsborg Fortress in the Oslofjord, Akershus Fortress and Malmö Castle. Of the Copenhagen fortifications, only a few parts are remaining today, like the Christianshavn rampart. As a rugged mountaineous country, Norway's economic development has been shaped by engineers.[1] Iceland's development has to a large extent been characterised by geothermal energy; recently the innovative Icelandic company Carbfix made progress with subterranean carbon storage. Sweden has significant activity in the automotive industry, aerospace sector and mechanical manufacturing, which account for a major share of Swedish export.
▪ Hydropower Among the major engineering works in Scandinavia are several hydroelectric power plants that employ dams in lakes and rivers. Ref. pages List of hydroelectric power stations in Sweden and List of power stations in Norway.
▪ Wind energy Denmark is reputed for its large-scale development of wind power, especially offshore wind parks. The city of Esbjerg is a major centre for the wind energy industry.
▪ Infrastructure - bridges and tunnels Øresund Bridge is the longest bridge in Scandinavia. Currently it is the only road & rail connection between mainland Europe and the Scandinavian peninsula. As of 2024, Höga Kusten Bridge is the longest bridge in Sweden. Hardanger Bridge is currently the longest bridge in Norway. Ref. pages List of bridges in Norway. The Atlantic Ocean Road is a well-known touristic destination at the coast of western Norway. List of bridges in Sweden List of bridges in Denmark Among the largest infrastructure projects in Scandinavia is the E39 coastal highway route in western Norway, a large-scale road improvement project which will lead from Stavanger to Ålesund, comprising long stretches across the Boknafjord, Bjørnafjord and Sognafjord. This will involve several bridges and tunnels, among which a planned submerged floating tunnel that will cross one of the fjords. A floating bridge across the Bjørnafjord is also being considered. Another large-scale engineering project is the Fehmarn Belt tunnel, a submerged road & train tunnel connecting Puttgarden (on Fehmarn in northern Germany) to Rødbyhavn (on Lolland in southern Denmark), for which construction has begun.
▪ Infrastructure - airports The major airports in Scandinavia are Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Oslo Airport Gardermoen and Copenhagen Airport Kastrup. Additionally, Norway has many regional airports: List of airports in Norway.
▪ Infrastructure - ferry lines Norway and Sweden are connected to Denmark and Germany through several sea ferries that cross the Skagerrak. Hurtigruten is a major ferry route established in 1893 that leads along the Norwegian coast from north to south.
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There are various engineering consultancies in Scandinavia, many of which are multidisciplinary. Some of the largest Scandinavian engineering companies also operate in several other countries.
▪ Danish engineering consultancies[edit]
- COWI - multidisciplinary corporation founded in 1930 by civil engineer Christen Ostenfeld. Member of FRI in Danmark (Foreningen af Rådgivende Ingeniører) and member of RIF (Rådgivende Ingeniørers Forening) in Norway. COWI was involved in engineering for the project of Øresund Bridge (between Copenhagen and Malmö). COWI also provided structural engineering for the project of the Hålogaland suspension bridge near Narvik in northern Norway.
- Rambøll - multidisciplinary corporation founded in 1945 as "Rambøll & Hannemann" by the civil engineers Børge Johannes Rambøll & Johan Georg Hannemann. Rambøll is known for its social model of egalitarian collaboration. Member of FRI in Danmark and of RIF in Norway.
- Originally Danish, MOE is now part of the French Artelia group for multidisciplinary consulting.
The English engineer Sir Ove Nyquist Arup, of Danish-Norwegian descent and educated in Denmark, has been a major influence in the field. In 1946 he founded the UK engineering firm Arup, which has been closely involved in iconic projects such as the roofs of the Sydney Opera House, the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Millennium Bridge in London. Arup has become an international group, engineering some of the largest bridges and stadiums around the world.
▪ Engineering consultancies that were founded in Iceland[edit]
▪ Norwegian engineering[edit]
Some engineering consultancies that were founded in Norway:
- Aas Jacobsen - office for structural & civil engineering, located in Lysaker (Oslo). Member of RIF. The firm was founded in 1937 by building engineer Dr. Ing. Andreas Aas-Jakobsen. [2]
- A.L. Høyer - office for structural engineering & building physics, based in Telemark. Member of RIF.
- Asplan Viak - multidisciplinary corporation with headquarters in Sandvika. Member of RIF.
- Geovita - office for geotechnical engineering, based in Lysaker (Oslo).
- Dr. techn. Kristoffer Apeland - office for structural engineering, based in Oslo. Member of RIF. [3]
- Multiconsult - multidisciplinary corporation, with roots in Norsk Vandbygningskontor (NVK) that had been founded in 1908. The name Multiconsult was created in 1974 when Sivilingeniørene Apeland og Mjøset AS were reorganised. Member of RIF. [4]
- Node rådgivende ingeniører - office for structural engineering, geotechnics & building physics, located in Bergen. Member of RIF.
- Norconsult - multidisciplinary corporation with headquarters in Sandvika. Member of RIF. [5]
- Nyvoll Consult - civil engineers
- Plan-AE - building physics, energy & environment
- Structor - multidisciplinary
- ViaNova - office for infrastructure engineering
- Xrgia - office for renewable energy consulting, located in Oslo
- Originally Norwegian, UnionConsult is now part of WSP Global, a multidisciplinary consulting group.
After having studied technical physics at NTNU, the Norwegian engineer Fred Kavli created a company in the USA that manufactured sensors. He then established the Kavli Foundation, which supports innovation & development in the natural sciences. He was awarded several recognitions in honour of his scientific work.
▪ Engineering consultancies that were founded in Sweden[edit]
- AFRY (previously ÅF Consult) - multidisciplinary corporation, with headquarters in Solna (Stockholm).
- NIRAS - multidisciplinary firm.
- Sweco - multidisciplinary corporation, headquartered in Stockholm.
- Tyréns - multidisciplinary corporation.
References[edit]
- ↑ "110 Years of engineers who built Norway", NTNU (in norsk bokmål), 2020-10-06, retrieved 2020-10-06
- ↑ "Andreas Aas-Jakobsen", Wikipedia (in norsk bokmål), 2023-02-28, retrieved 2023-10-28
- ↑ "Kristoffer Apeland – WikiStrinda". www.strindahistorielag.no. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
- ↑ "Historien | Stiftelsen Multiconsult". www.stiftelsenmulticonsult.no (in norsk). Retrieved 2023-10-28.
- ↑ "Norconsult", Store norske leksikon (in norsk), 2023-10-25, retrieved 2023-10-28
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