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Engishiki Jinmyocho

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


The Engishiki Jinmyocho is a part of the Engishiki which records shrines ja:延喜式神名帳simple:Engishiki Jinmyocho

Engishiki Jinmyocho[edit]

Engishiki Jinmyocho is a part of the Engishiki where the main shrines and gods of Japan are listed[1].

It is from it that many categorizations of Shinto shrines are found simple:Engishiki_Jinmyocho

  • Myojin Taisha (名神大社) ones listed as especially significant.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
  • Shikinai Taisha (式内大社) another class
  • Shikinai Shosha (式內小社) minor shrines listed
  • Shikigeisha (式外社) ones that were ignored by both the Engishiki Jinmyocho and the Rikkokushi
  • Kokushi genzaisha (国史見在社) ones in the Rikkokushi but not the Engishiki.[9][10][11][12]

Myojin Taisha[edit]

Myojin Taisha is a high rank of a Shinto shrine.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

These shrines are considered "great shrines" or "taisha" under the ancient system of shrine rankings. Myojin Taisha shrines are found throughout Japan, particularly in the Kyoto-Osaka region, including Yamashiro, Yamato, Ōmi, Mutsu, Tajima, and Kii provinces. There are 224 shrines that enshrine 310 kami listed as Myojin Taisha in the Engishiki Jinmyocho. Additionally, there are 203 shrines with 285 kami listed for Myojinsai or "festivals for famed deities" in book 3 of Engishiki. While most of the shrines in these two listings overlap, there are some differences in names and numbers. There are several theories about these differences, but it is unclear why the lists differ.[2] Myojin Taisha is one of the highest ranks of Shinto shrines[13].

A related list is the Kokushi genzaisha (国史見在社) which refers to shrines which appear in the Rikkokushi (六国史) but not in the Engishiki[14]

Shikinai Taisha[edit]

Shikinai Taisha (式内大社) are shrines that are listed in volumes 9 and 10 of the "Engishiki" as Shinto shrines, also known as Shikinaisha, that are ranked as major shrines. There are 492 of these shrines listed. This category includes both the historical shrines and their modern equivalents. However, shrines that are designated as "Myojin Taisha" are not included in this category.

Shikinai Shosha[edit]

Shikinai Shosha (式內小社) are shrines listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho as minor shrines.

Shikigeisha[edit]

Shikigeisha (式外社) refers to Shinto shrines that were known to have existed in the early 10th century when the Engishiki Jinmyocho was being written, but were not included in it.

Shikigeisha, therefore, were considered "off-register" or "unofficial" shrines that were not recognized by the government as official state shrines.

Shikigeisha can be further classified into various categories, including shrines outside the control of the imperial court, those with their own power and influence, shrines that integrated Buddhism into their practices, and shrines managed by Buddhist monks. Additionally, some Shikigeisha lacked proper formal shrine buildings.

Shikigeisha contrast with Shikinaisha which are shrines that were recorded in the Engishiki.

Kokushi genzaisha are a type of Shikigeisha which appear in the Rikkokushi.[9][10][11][12] ja:Shikigeisha

Kokushi Genzaisha[edit]

Kokushi genzaisha (国史見在社) are a type of Shinto shrine. It means a shrine that appears in the Rikkokushi (六国史) but not in the Engishiki Jinmyocho[9][10][11][12]

The Rikkokushi or the Six Official Histories, includes Nihon shoki, Shoku nihongi, Nihon kōki, Shoku nihon kōki, Montoku jitsuroku, and Sandai jitsuroku. They chronicle the mythology and history of Japan from the earliest times to 887.[15] The six histories were written at the imperial court during the 8th and 9th centuries, under order of the Emperors.[16] Kokushi gensaisha are also called kokushi shozaisha or "shrines that appear in the Official Histories". This gives them a high level of historical significance. Some of the shrines listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho as Myojin Taisha also overlap with the kokushi genzaisha, but the term usually refers to shrines that are only mentioned in the Official Histories.[9]

国史 (Kokushi) means official history, 見在 gensai means appearing and 社 sha means shrine

Shrine lists[edit]

These are non-exhaustive lists of shrines of the given categories defined by the Engishiki

List of Myojin Taisha[edit]

List of Shikinai Taisha[edit]

List of Shikinai Shosha[edit]

List of Shikigeisha[edit]

List of Kokushi Gensaizha[edit]

See also[edit]


This article "Engishiki Jinmyocho" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Engishiki Jinmyocho. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

  1. ↑ https://www.sohsha.jp/common/img/honor.pdf
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in 日本語). Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Watanabe, Yasutada (1974). Shinto Art: Ise and Izumo Shrines. Weatherhill/Heibonsha. ISBN 978-0-8348-1018-1. Search this book on
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. International Institute for the Study of Religions. 2002. Search this book on
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Moerman, David Leo (1999). Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage in Medieval Japan. Stanford University. Search this book on
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matsumoto, Yoshinosuke (1999). The Hotsuma Legends: Paths of the Ancestors. Japan Translation Centre. ISBN 978-4-931326-01-9. Search this book on
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Moerman, David Max (2005). Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage and the Religious Landscape of Premodern Japan. Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-01395-7. Search this book on
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 国立歴史民俗博物館硏究報告 (in 日本語). 国立歴史民俗博物館. 2008. Search this book on
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in 日本語). Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "「It,is,Kokushi,genzaisha,shrines,not,listed,in,the,registers,but,mentioned,Six,National,Histories」を使った英語表現・例文・フレーズ｜Cheer up! English". Cheer up! English (in 日本語). Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "国史見 - Translation into English - examples Japanese | Reverso Context". context.reverso.net. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Grapard, Allan G. (2002). "Shrines Registered in Ancient Japanese Law: Shinto or Not?". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 29 (3/4): 209–232. ISSN 0304-1042. JSTOR 30233722.
  13. ↑ "Original History - Ooasahiko Jinja". www.ooasahikojinja.jp. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  14. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in 日本語). Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  15. ↑ Kōdansha, ed. (1983). Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Kōdansha. Search this book on
  16. ↑ Sakamoto, Tarō; tr. John S. Brownlee (1991). The Six National Histories of Japan. UBC Press, University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 0-7748-0379-7. Search this book on

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